UNIVERSITY OF BOHOL

COLLEGE OF NURSING
Midterm Exam-NRES 1

Name_____________________________section____________score______________

Instructions:
Read the questions carefully. Write the letter of your choice on your answer sheet.
Items 1-30 refer to ethical issues in research

A study entitled “The Effects of Empathy in the Management of Patients with Cancer” is to be carried out
in the Oncology unit by Nurse Kim. The study determines the effects of empathy on emotional and
psychological well-being on the cancer patients. Nurse Kim met with all the staff of the Unit and oriented
them to the study protocol, including informed consent process that must be completed before the patient
is enrolled in the study.

1. The consent form includes the following components except:

a. A description of the study, including that will be asked in the respondent
b. A description of the respondent’s rights if he or she chooses to be in the study
c. A description of the respondent’s obligation to repay the researcher if he or she opts to
withdraw from the study
d. A description of any risks or benefits to the respondents of the study
2. Which of the following actions of the researcher is ethically appropriate?
a. Inform only the nurse but not the patients that they will be observed
b. Inform both the nurse and the patients that they are being observed
c. Both the patient and the nurses should not know that they are being observed
d. Inform only the significant others on the observation\
3. The informed consent is generated before the conduct of the study because of which of the
reasons?
a. Researchers should be guided as to how they will conduct the study
b. The subject’s benefits will be identified by the researcher
c. It is required by the implementing rules and regulations of the institution
d. The patient’s consent to participate in the study is important
4. Which of the following situations describe that the right to self-determination is respected?
a. The identity of the research participant is not divulge
b. The researcher used placebo as a control variable in the conduct of the study on the use of
potent pain relievers in the management of post-operative patients
c. A participant who developed a complication was given proper treatment
d. The subject was provided with clear explanation of the study, was given the general idea of
what is required of him and the potential risks and benefits.
5. Nurse Kim oriented the staff nurses of the unit about the informed consent. What is the purpose
of including the staff in the conduct of the study?
a. The staff nurses will be of help in the conduct of the study as research assistants and it is but
right that they are oriented to the research procedure
b. The nurse may make untimely interruptions of the whole research procedures
c. The patients may ask the nurse about the study, nurse Kim is just making sure that the nurses
know how to deny the research
d. The oncology unit may be congested with people who will be conducting the research
6. A portion of the informed consent clearly describes the compensation of the medical
treatment that each of the subjects will receive. This gives respects to:
a. Right to self-determination
b. Right to anonymity and confidentiality
c. Right to fair treatment
d. Right to privacy and dignity

NRES 1 MIDTERM EXAM

 7. The informed consent also describes in details the potential benefits that the patient and other
cancer patients may gain. Which of the following rights was being addressed?
a. Right to privacy and dignity
b. Right to protection from discomfort and harm
c. Right to anonymity and confidentiality
d. Right to self-determination
8. Which of the following reflects the participant’s right to privacy?
a. The participants are forced to be enrolled in the study
b. The participants have the right to withdraw from the study whenever they feel that they are
no longer comfortable
c. The participants were given the assurance that whatever they do or share in the research will
not be disclose to others without his or her consent
d. The informed consent was reviewed by the institutional panel board
9. A legal document indicating that the principle of informed consent has been adhered to:
a. Written informed consent form
b. Permit to conduct the study
c. Agreement form
d. Memorandum of agreement
10. The goal of research with human subjects is always to:
a. Maximize the benefits of the study to the field of nursing
b. Minimize the risks and maximize the benefits
c. Maximize the benefits without considering the risks
d. Minimize the risk as well as the benefit
11. During a research study, a participant suffered asthma attack every time she takes the drugs under
study. He started to refuse all medications administered to him. In this case, what harm has been
inflicted on the participant of the study as a result of research?
a. Physical harm c. monetary benefits
b. Social harm d. psychological harm
12. What problem will the researcher be facing if an investigation will adversely affect the honor and
Integrity of a certain individual?
a. Physical harm c. monetary benefits
b. Social harm d. spiritual harm
13. A worst example of a research is:
a. Research that needlessly prolongs distress because of the protocol design
b. Research which is directed to the improvement of human life
c. A research which is done with the consent of the participants
d. A research that protects the welfare of the subjects
14. Every researcher has to remember that human subjects may agree or disagree to become a
participant in a research study. Which of the following adheres to the ethical principles in the use
of human subjects?
a. There should be forms to be completed to document the subject’s participation in the study
b. Adequate review of every detail of the study should be made by any member of the unit
c. The subjects may be partially informed of the research protocol and the risk and benefits so
that they will give their consent in the conduct of the study
d. All of the given
e. None of the above
15. The best reason why ethics is important in research is:
a. To solicit and maintain public support for the research endeavor
b. To ensure the validity of the research data
c. To preserve the credibility of the researcher
d. To protect persons from being harmed and from being wronged

NRES 1 MIDTERM EXAM

 16. It served as model for ethical guidelines in specific disciplines:
a. Code of Ethics
b. ANA document
c. Belmont Report
d. Nuremberg Code\
17. The Nuremberg code was created due to:
a. The revelations of unethical human behavior that occurred during the war
b. Ethical principles
c. Complexity of the human behavior
d. Rules to govern the human behavior is difficult to formulate
18. The Nuremberg code is concerned with the following criteria except:
a. Researcher must inform the subject about the study
b. Research must be for the good of the society
c. Researcher must try to avoid injury to research subjects
d. The study should continue even if problems occurred
19. The national Commission for the protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral
Research was formed. The goals of this commission was to:
a. Identify basic ethical principles that should guide the conduct of research involving human
subjects
b. Develop theories
c. Identify subjects rights
d. Ensure that justice has been fully observed
20. The principle of beneficence is observed when:
a. Subjects are assured that their information will not be used against them
b. The researcher ensures that subjects of the study are free from harm
c. Information is exposed for public consumption
d. Subjects are exposed to situation for which they have not been prepared
21. The principle of confidentiality is observed when:
a. Subjects are assured that their information will not be used against them
b. Degree of risks exceeds potential
c. Information is exposed for public consumption
d. Subjects are exposed to situation for which they have not been prepared
22. The principle of respect for human dignity includes:
a. Explicit threats for failure to participate and reward those who agree
b. Providing subjects with false information
c. Information is exposed for public consumption
d. Right to participate or not without the risk of incurring any penalties
23. The right to fair treatment is applied when the researcher provides:
a. Privacy to all study subjects
b. Discriminatory selection to all study subjects
c. Subjects access to research personnel to clarify information
d. Some of the Subjects were given with monetary rewards
24. When the researcher explains the risk and benefits incurred during research, what principle is
observed?
a. Privacy
b. Self-determination
c. Full disclosure
d. Beneficence
25. A questionnaire is being used to gather data on the study sample. Identification numbers on the
corner of the questionnaires corresponds to the researcher’s master list of names and numbers.
Respondents are assured that this information will not be shared with anyone. The researcher is
trying to ensure:
a. Informed consent c. Anonymity
b. Data security d. Confidentiality

NRES 1 MIDTERM EXAM

 26. Anonymity is the name given to the procedure that ensures subjects that their responses
a. Cannot be identified by anyone
b. Will not be shared with anyone
c. Will be destroyed at the end of the study
d. Will be kept under lock and key
27. What is the name of the process used to obtain a child’s agreement for participation in a study?
a. Assent c. Consent of a minor
b. Minor agreement d. Consent
28. Which of the following research experiments has ethical issues?
a. Exploding gas gangrene bombs to prisoners who are tied
b. Infecting women prisoners with syphilis
c. Draining prisoner’s blood and substituting it with horse’s blood
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
29. A friend of yours has agreed to participate in a research study. However, she is upset that she has
to contact the researcher to obtain a copy of the results. She thinks that she should automatically
be sent a copy. You tell her:
a. The researcher should automatically send a copy of the study results to all participants
b. Researchers are required, by federal guidelines, to send a copy of the study results to all
participants
c. Study participants should be provided with information that will allow them to contact the
researcher if a copy of the study results is desired
d. A copy of the study abstract should be mailed to all participants within 6 weeks of
completion of the study.
30. Special guidelines were created for vulnerable groups in research. This vulnerable groups include
the following except:
a. Children c. Prisoners
b. Mentally retarded d. Persons of legal age with good cognitive ability

Items 31-50 refer to hypothesis

31. The purpose of hypothesis/hypotheses includes:
a. They lend objectivity to scientific investigation
b. Theoretical propositions can be tested in the real world
c. Guide the research design and dictate the type of statistical analysis to be used
d. All of the given
e. None of the given
32. A tentative explanation or probability which can be tested:
a. Law b. Theory c. Hypothesis d. Model
33. The source for a hypothesis may come from:
a. Personal experience
b. Previous research studies
c. Theories
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
34. Which of the following refers to simple hypothesis?
a. Concerns with one independent variable
b. Concerns with the relationship between one independent variable and two dependent
variable
c. Concerns with the relationship between one independent variable and one dependent variable
d. Concerns with the relationship between two independent variable and three dependent
variable

NRES 1 MIDTERM EXAM

 35. Which of the following refers to complex hypothesis?
a. Concerns with two or more independent variable and two or more dependent variables, or
both are being examined in the same study
b. Concerns with the relationship between one independent variable and two dependent
variable
c. Concerns with the relationship between one independent variable and one dependent variable
d. Concerns with the relationship between two independent variable and three dependent
variable
36. Which of the following symbols refer to null hypothesis?
a. H b. Ha c. Ho d. H1
37. Which of the following symbols refer to alternative hypothesis?
a. H b. Ha c. Ho d. H1
38. The research hypothesis also refer to the following terms except:
a. Scientific hypothesis c. Null hypothesis
b. Substantive hypothesis d. Theoretical hypothesis
39. When the hypothesis state the expectation of no correlation between variables being measured, it
refers to:
a. Scientific hypothesis c. Null hypothesis
b. Substantive hypothesis d. Theoretical hypothesis
40. It refers to a hypothesis where the researcher merely predicts that a relationship exists.
a. Scientific hypothesis
b. Null hypothesis
c. Directional hypothesis
d. Nondirectional hypothesis
41. The researcher further predicts the type of relationship that exists.
a. Scientific hypothesis
b. Null hypothesis
c. Directional hypothesis
d. Nondirectional hypothesis
42. Which of the following is an example of nondirectional hypothesis?
a. There is no significant degree of correlation between the level of awareness among TB
patients and their compliance to treatment regimen
b. There is a significant degree of correlation between the level of awareness among TB
patients and their treatment regimen
c. There are differences between tap water, soapsuds and polyethylene glycol-electrolyte enema
solutions in net output, rectal mucosal irritation and subjective discomforts.
d. Children whose mothers participate in the nurse case management intervention will show
significantly less behavioral problems than children whose mothers receive screening and an
information card only.
43. Which of the following is an example of directional hypothesis?
a. There is no significant degree of correlation between the level of awareness among TB
patients and their compliance to treatment regimen
b. There is a significant degree of correlation between the level of awareness among TB
patients and their treatment regimen
c. There are differences between tap water, soapsuds and polyethylene glycol-electrolyte
enema solutions in net output, rectal mucosal irritation and subjective discomforts.
d. Children whose mothers participate in the nurse case management intervention will
show significantly less behavioral problems than children whose mothers receive
screening and an information card only.

NRES 1 MIDTERM EXAM

 44. Which of the following is an example of a null hypothesis?
a. There is no significant degree of correlation between the level of awareness among TB
patients and their compliance to treatment regimen
b. There is a significant degree of correlation between the level of awareness among TB
patients and their treatment regimen
c. There are differences between tap water, soapsuds and polyethylene glycol-electrolyte
enema solutions in net output, rectal mucosal irritation and subjective discomforts.
d. Children whose mothers participate in the nurse case management intervention will
show significantly less behavioral problems than children whose mothers receive
screening and an information card only.
45. Which of the following is an example of a research hypothesis?
a. There is no significant degree of correlation between the level of awareness among TB
patients and their compliance to treatment regimen
b. There is a significant degree of correlation between the level of awareness among TB
patients and their treatment regimen
c. There are differences between tap water, soapsuds and polyethylene glycol-electrolyte
enema solutions in net output, rectal mucosal irritation and subjective discomforts.
d. Children whose mothers participate in the nurse case management intervention will
show significantly less behavioral problems than children whose mothers receive
screening and an information card only.
46. Which of the following criteria should be observed when writing a hypothesis?
a. Should be written in the past tense
b. Should be written in an interrogative format
c. Should not contain the variable
d. Should reflect the problem statement
47. Which of the following is an advantage of the directional research hypothesis?
a. Make the researcher’s expectations unclear
b. Allow for a more precise testing of theoretical propositions
c. Allow the use of two-tailed statistical treatment
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
48. Which of the following is an example of simple hypothesis?
a. There is a relationship between infants Birth weight and levels of alcohol consumption by
mothers
b. Daily weight loss is greater for adults who follow a reduced calorie diet and exercise daily
than those who do not follow a reduced calorie diet and do not exercise daily
c. Most postpartum depression and feelings of inadequacy are reported by women who give
birth by caesarean delivery than those who deliver vaginally
d. There is a positive relationship between patient’s perception of pain control and complaints
of pain and the request of pain medication,
49. Which of the following is an example of complex hypothesis?
a. There is a relationship between infants Birth weight and levels of alcohol consumption by
mothers
b. There is a relationship between weight loss and the type of diet and exercise utilized by
adults
c. There is no significant degree of relationship between sleep deprivation and anxiety level
of patients in the Intensive Care Unit
d. The level of job mobility is different for a psychiatric nurse practitioner than for a
medical-surgical nurse practitioner
50. The hypothesis which states that “ There is no significant degree of correlation the level of
stressors and the coping strategies employed by cardiac patients” is an example of:
a. Alternative hypothesis c. Research hypothesis
b. Complex hypothesis d. Null hypothesis

II-application, analysis and synthesis (TOTAL OF 50 POINTS)

NRES 1 MIDTERM EXAM

Instructions: kindly read the situation carefully. Provide what is being asked. Write your answers on the answer
sheet. Please write legibly.

A. Situation

Your group is interested to conduct a study on the level of awareness among hypertensive patients in Guiwanon
Baclayon Bohol, as you have observed that a number of clients in the town have been experiencing high blood
pressure and have been practicing unhealthy lifestyle. Your group wanted to dig deeper into the profile of these
hypertensive clients, their lifestyle and their level of awareness about the disease.

The following specific problems were drawn:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 age;
1.2 sex;
1.3 educational background;
1.4 occupation;
1.5 latest BP; and
1.6 Body Mass Index
2. What is the lifestyle of the respondents?
3. What is the respondent’s level of awareness about the disease
4. Is there a significant degree of correlation between the respondent’s level of awareness about the disease
and the respondent’s age, sex, educational background and occupation?
5. Is there a significant degree of correlation between the respondent’s level of awareness about the disease
and his lifestyle?

Questions:

1. From the given situation, formulate at least 2 alternative hypotheses and 2 null hypotheses. (5 points each
total= 20 points)
2. From your alternative hypothesis, identify one dependent and three independent variable (4points)

Situation B

Your group wanted to study on the prenatal practices among minority groups in Bohol which includes the
“Badjaos, the Aetas and Eskaya Tribe” the aim of your study is to assess the different prenatal practices of these
groups as basis for your health education in the community.

A. Following the example provided in the first situation, kindly formulate at least 3 specific problems of your
research: (2 points each- total points =6 points)

Test III- formulate a hypothesis based on the given variables and identify whether it’s simple or complex

Population Independent Dependent Hypothesis Type of hypothesis

(4 points each) (1 point each)
Infants Level of alcohol use Birth weight Ex. There is no Simple
of mothers correlation between
the birth weight of
infants and the level
of alcohol
consumed by
mothers during
pregnancy
1. ICU patients Sleep deprivation Anxiety
2. Adults a. Type of Weight
diet
b. exercise
3. Women Method of delivery a. Postpartum depression
b. Feelings of inadequacy
4. Nursing Academic Nurse’s Licensure Examination
students performance
5. TB patients Level of awareness Compliance to treatment
regimen

NRES 1 MIDTERM EXAM

 UNIVERSITY OF BOHOL
COLLEGE OF NURSING
Midterm Exam-NRES 1
Answer Sheet

Name_____________________________section____________score______________

Test I
_____1. ____11. ____21 ____31 ____41
_____2. ____12. ____22 ____32 ____42
_____3. ____13. ____23 ____33 ____43
_____4. ____14 ____24 ____34 ____44
_____5. ____15 ____25 ____35 ____45
_____6. ____16... ____26 ____36 ____46
_____7. ____17 ____27 ____37 ____47
_____8. ____18... ____28 ____38 ____48
_____9. ____19 ____29 ____39 ____49
_____10. ____20... ____30 ____40 ____50

Test II situation A
1. Alternative hypotheses: (5 points each)
a.
b.
2. Null hypotheses (5 points each)
a.
b.

3. From your alternative hypothesis, identify the dependent and independent variable:
Dependent variables: independent variables
1. 1.
2.
3.
Situation B
Specific problems of your research: (2 points each)
1.
2.
3.
Test III- formulate a hypothesis based on the given variables and identify whether it’s simple or complex
(25 points)

Population Independent Dependent Hypothesis Type of hypothesis

(4 points each) (1 point each)
1. ICU patients Sleep deprivation Anxiety
2. Adults  Type of diet Weight
 Exercise
3. Women Method of  Postpartum
delivery depression
 Feelings of
inadequacy
4. Nursing students Academic Nurse’s Licensure
performance Examination
5. TB patients Level of Compliance to
awareness treatment regimen

NRES 1 MIDTERM EXAM