Criminological Research 1 and 2 (CRIM 7 & 8)

1. It is referred to as a systematic and scientific process of gathering, analyzing,

classifying, organizing, presenting and
interpreting data for the solution of a problem.
A. Problem solving
B. Hypothesis
C. Assumption
D. Research
Ans. D
2. It is the science and art of planning the procedures for conducting studies so as to get
the most valid findings.
A. Research design
B. Research ethics
C. Research hypothesis
D. Research question
Ans. A
3. This type of research describes a situation or a given state of affairs in terms of
specified aspects or factors –
A. Intervention research
B. Extensive research
C. Correlation research
D. Descriptive research
Ans. D

4. Who is a person that needs accurate information before selecting a course of action?
A. A manager
B. A decision maker
C. An administrator
D. Decision making
Ans. B
5. It refers to the principles defining good and bad conduct that should govern the
activities of researchers.
A. Research design
B. Research ethics
C. Research hypothesis
D. Research question
Ans.B
6. What research investigates relationships between factors or variables?
A. Descriptive research
B. Correlation research
C. Historical research
D. Experimental research
Ans.B
7. What should be formulated in searching keywords or phrases that are pertinent to the
problem or question or interest?
A. Indexes
B. Search terms
C. References
D. Glossary
Ans. B
8. It is the “blueprint” of the study. It guides the collection, measurement and analysis of
data –
A. Research outline
B. Research framework
C. Research chart
D. Research Design
Ans. D
9. One of the research methods approach is to determine the growth and development
of a group, organization or institution.
A. Content Analysis
B. Survey method
C. Experimental Method
D. Historical Method
Ans. D
10. It refers to the problem to be investigated in a study stated in the form of a question.
A. Research design
B. Research hypothesis
C. Research ethics
D. Research question
Ans. D
11. Which of the following steps that is NOT a part of Scientific Method –
A. Data collection
B. Identification of a problem
C. Drawing of conclusion
D. Information Dissemination
Ans. D
12. It may be a question about the unknown characteristics of a population or about
factors that explain the presence or occurrence of a phenomenon.
A. Problem
B. Analysis Problem
C. Research Problem
D. Critical Problem
Ans. C
13. A kind of research with the purpose of determining the future operation of the
variables under investigation.
A. Illuminative
B. Directive
C. Predictive/Prognostic
D. Phenomenological
Ans. C
14. In defining the research problem, what is the important thing for the researcher to
present for the conduct of the study?
A. Valid ID
B. Certificate
C. Valid justification
D. Present relevant data
Ans. C
15. This type of research attempts to explain possible factors related to problems which
have been observed in a descriptive study.
A. Explanatory research
B. Exploratory research
C. Descriptive research
D. Historical Research
Ans. A
16. The most common types of sources of information for a research problem are,
EXCEPT:
A. General reference
B. Primary sources
C. Secondary sources
D. Glossary
Ans. D
17. A type of source which shows where to locate other sources of information related to
a certain topic.
A. Glossary
B. General reference
C. Primary sources
D. Secondary sources
Ans. B
18. One of the research methods that obtain data to determine specific characteristics
of a group.
A. Content Analysis
B. Survey method
C. Interview Method
D. Observation Method
Ans. B
19. In listing a note or index card the bibliographical data of the pertinent sources
selected it includes the following, EXCEPT:
A. Author of the source
B. Its title
C. Released date
D. Name of publication
Ans. C
20. This objectives relates directly to the research problem and states clearly what the
researcher will do and expects to find out –
A. Specific objective
B. Special Objective
C. Important Objective
D. Immediate/general objective
Ans. D
21. A kind of research with the goal of developing the theories and principles
A. Pure
B. Applied
C. Analytical
D. Holistic
Ans. A
22. A kind of research with the goal of applying the results by testing the efficacy of the
theories and principles.
A. Analytical
B. Holistic
C. Pure
D. Applied
Ans. D
23. A category of research according to the level of investigation that studies the
variables pertinent to a specific situation.
A. Experimental
B. Discipline
C. Exploratory
D. Applied
Ans. C
24. It is usually used when the intention of the researcher is to ascertain the quality of
message or information found in a document or in mass media.
A. Content Analysis
B. Survey method
C. Experimental Method
D. Historical Method
Ans. A
25. Also called the research hypothesis, is the positive form of the form of the null
hypothesis.
A. Alternative Hypothesis
B. Null hypothesis
C. Research Hypothesis
D. Hypothesis
Ans. A
26. A category of research that studies the relationship of the variables.
A. Applied
B. Exploratory
C. Descriptive
D. Experimental
Ans. C
27. It is a theory that explains why a problem under study exists and explains the
connection between certain factors and the problem –
A. Conceptual Framework
B. Research Framework
C. Special Framework
D. Theoretical Framework
Ans. D
28. Whenever a pretest is given, it may make the examinees “test wise,” and this can
therefore affect the posttest results –
A. Selection
B. History
C. Testing
D. Maturation
Ans. C
29. Is a negative statement which indicates the absence of a relationship/ correlation
between two variables–
A. Alternative Hypothesis
B. Null hypothesis
C. Research Hypothesis
D. Hypothesis
Ans. B
30. A category of research that studies the effects of the variables on each other.
A. Exploratory
B. Applied
C. Experimental
D. Descriptive
Ans. C
31. A classification of research that attempts to identify and isolate the components of
the research situation.
A. Action
B. Applied
C. Holistic
D. Analytical
Ans. D
32. A classification of research that attempts to begin with a total situation focusing
attention on the system first then on its internal relationship.
A. Applied
B. Action
C. Analytical
D. Holistic
Ans. D
33. A category of research which is done on a very limited scope to solve a particular
problem which is not so big.
A. Pure
B. Action
C. Applied
D. Descriptive
Ans. A
34. It is a set of concepts which explains the occurrence of a certain phenomenon –
A. Competing Theory
B. Theory
C. Assumptions
D. Dependent variables
Ans. B
35. It refers to the extent to which a measurement does what it is supposed to do, which
is to measure what it intends to measure –
A. Validity
B. Validity Threats
C. Reliability
D. Variable
Ans. A
36. People and things change over time and this change can threaten the validity of
conclusions –
A. Selection
B. Instrumentation
C. Testing
D. Maturation
Ans. D
37. It is a written work of the page or near the front which displays its title –
A. Approval Sheet
B. Abstract
C. Title Page
D. Acknowledgment
Ans. C
38. The act of officially saying that something was created for a particular purpose or to
remember or honor a particular person –
A. Dedication
B. Abstract
C. Introduction
D. Acknowledgment
Ans. A
39. A type of research that utilizes inferential statistics to determine the results of the
study such as comparison studies and cause-and-effect relationship.
A. Experimental
B. Developmental
C. Non-quantitative
D. Quantitative
Ans. D
40. A type of research that utilizes the description of results rather than statistical
presentation.
A. Experimental
B. Evaluation
C. Non-quantitative
D. Quantitative
Ans. C
41. One of the major researches that utilize a time element that describes what will be.
A. Experimental
B. descriptive
C. Historical
C. Statistical
Ans. A
42. A _____ are statements of what the researcher intends to do.
A. Alternative Hypothesis
B. Research Objectives
C. Null hypothesis
D. Research Hypothesis
Ans. B
43. A ______ which gives a person a feeling of discomfort. It could be a state of affairs
that needs to be changed or anything that is not working as expected.
A. Problem
B. Analysis Problem
C. Research Problem
D. Critical Problem
Ans. A
44. There are three general categories of research, the descriptive research,
experimental intervention research, and _____.
A. Intervention research
B. Extensive research
C. Correlation research
D. Explanatory research
Ans. C
45. One of the major researches that utilize a time element that describes what was.
A. Statistical
B. Experimental
C. Descriptive
D. Historical
Ans. D
46. _____ may also used to explain the possible confounding influence of other
variables on the assumed relationship between the major variables of the study –
A. Competing Theory
B. Theory
C. Assumptions
D. Dependent variables
Ans. A
47. This suggests the type of analysis to be done.
A. Special objective
B. Specific objective
C. Important objective
D. Immediate/general objective
Ans. B
48. This explains the existence of a problem. It serves as the basis for examining and
analyzing the connection between or among the study variables.
A. Research outline
B. Research framework
C. Research chart
D. Statistics
Ans. B
49. These are expressed in measurable terms.
A. Special objective
B. Specific objective
C. Variables
D. Immediate/general objective
Ans. C
50. This enables the researcher to learn how to conceptualize a research problem and
properly identify and operationally define study variables –
A. Literature
B. Methodology
C. Related study
D. Hypothesis
Ans. A
51. One of the major research methods that utilize a time element that describes what
is.
A. Descriptive
B. Historical
C. Statistical
D. Experimental
Ans. A
52. In studies that take a long time to finish, say, one year or more, like cohort studies,
where the subjects (the same people) are followed up overtime, some cases may drop
out, thus resulting in a loss of cases
A. Selection
B. Instrumentation
C. Mortality
D. Maturation
Ans. C
53. When several options are available, ______ is about the options that can help the
decision-maker in selecting the best or the better alternative that will yield a better
outcome.
A. Making
B. Processing
C. Data
D. Developing
Ans. C
54. This type of research aims to see an immediate solution to a problem; it focuses on
variables or factors which can be changed by intervention in order to achieve a desired
goal
A. Applied Research
B. Explanatory research
C. Keen research
D. Intervention/Experimental research
Ans. A
55. An Interactionist theory of deviance. This theory centers on how individuals learn
how to become criminals, but does not concern itself with why they become criminals.
A. Theoretical Framework
B. Differential Association Theory
C. Beccaria School of Thought
D. Differential Identification Theory
Ans. D
56. A research that is to understand or explain a prevailing situation or explain a
relationship between factors which may have already been identified in explanatory
studies, and why the relationship exists.
A. Exploratory Research
B. Pure basic research
C. Explanatory research
D. Keen research
Ans. C
57. Sometimes there are events in the life of a research project, but which are not part
of the project, that can increase or decrease the expected project outcomes –
A. Selection
B. History
C. Testing
D. Maturation
Ans. B
58. It is used to determine the effectiveness of a treatment or an intervention or the
“cause and effect” relationship of certain phenomena under controlled conditions.
A. Content Analysis
B. Survey method
C. Experimental Method
D. Historical Method
Ans. C
59. What is the ethical principle that the moral worth of an action is solely determined by
its contribution to overall utility? This is also a form of consequentialism...
A. Utilitarian
B. Ethics
C. Ethical Standard
D. Utilitarianism
Ans. D
60. It involves a systematic way of gaining knowledge or the process of testing ideas
(hunches, guesses, or hypotheses) to see if an idea holds true in a given situation or
under controlled conditions.
A. Historical method
B. Survey method
C. Experimental Method
D. Research Scientific Method
Ans. D
61. A type of source which results from many research studies that are published in
journals or monographs. These articles or reports are generally written by those who
actually conducted the study –
A. Glossary
B. General reference
C. Primary sources
D. Secondary sources
Ans. C
62. This refers to publications where authors cite the work of others. The most common
secondary sources are books, reviews, yearbooks and encyclopedias –
A. Secondary sources
B. Glossary
C. General reference
D. Primary sources
Ans. A
63. It is a careful, critical, disciplined, inquiry, varying in technique and method
according to the nature and conditions of the problem identified.
A. Problem Solving
B. Research
C. Hypothesis
D. Assumption
Ans. B
64. It is one of the parts of literature reviews that briefly reports what experts think or
what other researchers have found about the research problem –
A. Summary/synthesis
B. Introduction
C. Body
D. Conclusion
Ans. C
65. It is one of the parts of literature reviews that “ties together” the major findings of the
studies reviewed. It represents a general picture of what has been known or thought of
about the problem to date.
A. Summary/synthesis
B. Introduction
C. Body
D. Conclusion
Ans. A
66. It is one of the parts of literature reviews that describes briefly the nature of the
research problem and explains what led the researcher to investigate the question –
A. Summary/synthesis
B. Introduction
C. Body
D. Conclusion
Ans. B
67. This part presents the course of action suggested by the literature. Based on the
state of knowledge revealed by the literature, the researcher could further justify the
need for his/study –
A. Summary/synthesis
B. Introduction
C. Body
D. Conclusion
Ans. D
68. It refers to the systematic search for pertinent information or specific topic or
problem.
A. Hypothesis
B. Assumption
C. Research
D. Problem Solving
Ans. C
69. Researchers make educated guesses to tentatively answer the research questions,
from these they select the more logical and theoretically sound guesses –
A. Alternative Hypothesis
B. Research Hypothesis
C. Hypothesis
D. Unconstructive Hypothesis
Ans. B
70. It refers to the consistency, stability and dependability of the data. A reliable
measuring device is one which, if used for the second time, will yield the same results
as it did the first time –
A. Validity
B. Statistics
C. Reliability
D. Variable
Ans. C
71. When a research instrument, such as a questionnaire or a measuring device, like a
weighing scale or a thermometer is changed during the study period between the
pretest and the posttest –
A. Selection
B. Instrumentation
C. Testing
D. Maturation
Ans. B
72. This is the document that shows your panel has approved the content of your thesis
or dissertation, and a copy of it will remain in your official records –
A. Approval Sheet
B. Abstract
C. Title Page
D. Acknowledgment
Ans. A
73. It is a brief summary of a research article, thesis or any in-depth analysis of a
particular subject and is often used to help the reader quickly ascertain the paper's
purpose –
A. Dedication
B. Abstract
C. Introduction
D. Acknowledgment
Ans. B
74. An author's statement recognized his use of the works of other authors or a
declaration or avowal of one's act or of a fact to give it legal validity –
A. Dedication
B. Abstract
C. Introduction
D. Acknowledgment
Ans. D
75. The following are the steps in making research EXCEPT:
A. Rigid Control of the research
B. Statistical Analysis
C. The selection of the research topic
D. The decision on a hypothesis
Ans. A
76. When are we going to define a problem?
A. When the solution is already done
B. When the problem is partially solved
C. When the problem is already identified
D. When the solution is already discovered
Ans. C
77. In doing research, what is the first thing a researcher does for the problem to be
studied?
A. Enumerating first the problem
B. Determining the cause of the problem
C. Research the problem
D. Identify and clearly define the problem
Ans. D
78. A research problem can only be investigated if resources like time, money, and
personnel are available.
A. A research problem must be feasible
B. A research problem must be clear
C. research problem must be ethical
D. A research problem must be appropriate
Ans. A
79. Major variables of the study should be measurable and should be specified in the
problem statement. The used of ambiguous terms must be avoided –
A. A research problem must be feasible
B. A research problem must be clear
C. research problem must be ethical
D. A research problem must be appropriate
Ans. B
80. It refers to the gathering of data or information to solve a particular or specific
problem in a scientific manner.
A. Problem Solving
B. Hypothesis
C. Assumption
D. Research
Ans. D
81. It refers to the systematic study or investigation of something for the purpose of
answering questions posed by the research.
A. Problem solving
B. Research
C. Hypothesis
D. Assumption
Ans. B
82. The conduct of the study should not pose any danger, embarrassment, hurt or any
risk to the research respondents or subjects or any one –
A. A research problem must be feasible
B. A research problem must be clear
C. A research problem must be ethical
D. A research problem must be appropriate
Ans. C
83. A technique in the descriptive method of research which is used to collect
demographic data about people’s behavior, practices, intentions, beliefs, attitudes,
opinions, judgement, and perception.
A. Observation
B. Survey
C. Case
D. Assumption
Ans. B
84. What is the specific title of Chapter 1 in a thesis book?
A. Review of Related Literature
B. Methods and Procedure of Data
C. Presentation and Analysis of Data
D. The Introduction and Its Setting
Ans. D
85. What is the specific title of Chapter 2 in a thesis book?
A. Review of Related Literature
B. Procedures and Source of Data
C. Presentation and Analysis of Data
D. The Introduction and Its Setting
Ans. A
86. What is the specific title of Chapter 3 in a thesis book?
A. Review of Related Literature
B. Methods, Procedures and Source of Data
C. Methods and Source of Data
D. The Introduction and Its Setting
Ans. B
87. What is the specific title of Chapter 4 in a thesis book?
A. Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
B. Methods and Procedure of Data
C. Presentation and Analysis of Data
D. The Introduction and Its Setting
Ans. C
88. It means to investigate thoroughly, basically a systematic collection of data for the
purpose of explaining, describing or making predictions
A. Criminological Research
B. Research
C. Basic Research
D. Re-search
Ans. B
89. A type of survey technique that utilizes only a sample or portion of the population as
respondents of the research study. Example: A cluster out of the population will be
surveyed on the issue of crime rate.
A. Sample Survey
B. Public Opinion Survey
C. Social Survey
D. Market Survey
Ans. A
90. A type of survey technique where the investigator researches on the attitude and
behaviors of different groups of people with crime incidence. Example: Survey of
different groups of the rich, middle and poor families pertaining to crime rate.
A. Public Opinion Survey
B. Sample Survey
C. School Survey
D. Social Survey
Ans. D
91. The type of research which is conducted because a problem has not been properly
defined. It is likewise used to determine the best research design, data collection
method and collection of subjects and often concludes that a perceived problem does
not actually exist?
A. Historical Research
B. Qualitative Research
C. Quantitative Research
D. Exploratory Research
Ans. D
92. It is a process of collecting selecting, and reading books, journal articles, reports,
abstracts, and other reference materials, including electronic sources (CD-ROM) and
the World Wide Web (www/http) to get relevant information about the problem under
investigation –
A. Research Problem
B. Collecting resources
C. Investigation
D. Review of related literature
Ans. D
93. A type of survey technique that utilizes the reaction of people towards certain
reasons for committing crimes. Example: Survey conducted through television or radio.
A. Public Opinion Survey
B. School Survey
C. Market Survey
D. Social Survey
Ans. A
94. In an experimental study, a threat to validity occurs when the elements or subjects
selected for the experimental group is very different from those selected for the control
group –
A. Selection
B. History
C. Testing
D. Maturation
Ans. A
95. The most common type of instrument used in survey research.
A. Interview
B. Questionnaire
C. Closed form item
D. Observation
Ans. B
96. The problem must be____ and ____. It must be of interest to the one investigating
it. It should yield answers that will contribute to knowledge and development –
A. Timely and relevant
B. Appropriate and exact
C. Clear and feasible
D. Proper and precise
Ans. A
97. A research that is designed to describe an existing problem situation and examine
the underlying factors that contribute to the emergence of the problem, the nature of
which is not yet well known.
A. Exploratory Research
B. Pure basic research
C. Experimental research
D. keen research
Ans. A
98. What type of research evaluates the effect or outcome of a particular intervention or
treatment and studies the “cause and effect” relationship between certain phenomena
under controlled conditions?
A. Applied Research
B. Explanatory research
C. Keen research
D. Experimental research
Ans. D
99. This type of research attempts to describe an existing situation and/or explain
certain patterns of behavior using either qualitative and quantitative research
techniques.
A. Pure basic Research
B. Explanatory research
C. Qualitative research
D. Keen research
Ans. A
100. In Baguio, where there are 850,000 residents, there were 265 reported cases of
theft that transpired from a single month. Based on the given details, what shall be the
crime rate?
A. 30.96
B. 0.03117
C. 31.17
D. 32.91
Ans. C
RESEARCH

481. It is defined as a careful, systematic study of knowledge in the field of criminology

or criminal justice, undertaken to discover or establish facts of the crimes or causations
of crime.
A. social science research
B. criminal justice research
C. descriptive research
D. criminological research

RESEARCH – SYSTEMATIC COLLECTION,

EVALUATION, ANALYSIS OF DATA TO CREATE A
SOLUTION TO A PROBLEM
WHAT IS MOST IMPORTANT GOAL OF RESEARCH –
TO CREATE A SOLUTION TO A PROBLEM
TYPES OF RESEARCH
1. SURVEY STATISTICS QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
2. INTERVIEW “WORDS” QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
3. QUANTI + QUALI MIXED RESEARCH
4. STUDYING THE PAST HISTORICAL
RESEARCH
5. STUDY OF THE CURRENT SCENARIOS
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
6. STUDY OF FUTURE EVENTS
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
7. STUDY OF THE CAUSE AND EFFECT CASE
STUDY
8. CREATE A THEORY PURE OR BASIC
RESEARCH
9. TEST THEORY APPLIED RESEARCH
10. GROUP OF PEOPLE ETHNOGRAPHY
11. ACTUAL EXPERIENCE PHENOMENOLOGY
12. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN 2 VARIABLES –
CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH
13. MEASURE OF PERFORMANCE – EVALUATIVE
RESEARCH

482. This finds answer to the questions who, what, when, where and how; this type of
research describes a situation or a given state of affairs in terms of special aspects or
factors.
A. descriptive research C. historical research
B. experimental research D. all of these

569. It is concerned with the acquisition of new knowledge (CREATE A NEW THEORY)
for the sake of science or the development of the field.
A. pure basic research C. applied research
B. empirical research D. action research
TEST THEORY = APPLIED RESEARCH
ACTION RESEARCH – DEVELOP AN IMMEDIATE
SOLUTION

483. It is a practical research concerned with solving immediate policy problems.

A. action research C. pure research
B. applied research D. basic research

571. In this classification of research; concepts are assigned numerical value; and
research methods in the social sciences, of which criminal justice is heir, had followed
these basic philosophical traditions.
Ans: QUANTITATIVE

484. This is responsible for new products, new knowledge and new ways of undertaking
projects.
A. Manufacturing C. Developmental
B. Research D. Experiment

485. The first and the most important step in conducting a research project.
A. Determining the appropriate research method
B. Collection of Data
C. Identification of a research problem
D. Formulating hypothesis

I. PRELIMINARY PAGES (TITLE PAGE,

ABSTRACT, TABLE OF CONTENTS,
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT, DEDICATION)

II. CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION / THE

PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING (STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEM, HYPOTHESIS,
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY, SCOPE AND
LIMITATION, DEFINITION OF TERMS)
III. CHAPTER 2 – REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURES AND STUDY
IV. CHAPTER 3 – METHODS OF RESEARCH
V. CHAPTER 4 – PRESENTATION AND ANYLSIS
OF DATA
VI. CHAPTER 5 – CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION
VII. END PAGES – BIBLIOGRAPHY (REFERENCE)
APPENDICES

THE ACT OF COPYING WITHOUT CITATION

PLAGIARISM

486. A data-gathering instrument or device used to determine what is occurring or what

individuals are doing.
A. Interview C. Questionnaire
B. Observation D. Survey
SURVEY – WRITTEN QUESTIONNAIRE (QUANTI)
INTERVIEW – ORAL QUESTIONNAIRE (QUALI)

487. This is an oral type of questionnaire to determine the perceptions of the individuals
or
groups.
A. Interview C. Questionnaire
B. Observation D. Survey

488. This uses carefully planned and printed items given to respondents in order to elicit
answers to questions of the research.
A. Interview C. Questionnaire
B. Observation D. Survey

5 QUALITIES OF A GOOD RESEARCH

S – SPECIFIC / SIMPLE
M – MEASURABLE
A – ATTAINABLE
R – REALISTIC
T – TIME BOUND

489. The purpose of this part of research is to give

readers the context of the present research.
A. Introduction – CONTAINS THE REASON FOR
RESEARCH
B. Method of Research – chapter 3
C. Review of Related Literature – chapter 2
D. Conclusion – chapter 5

490. These are inferences, deductions, abstractions and/or generalizations based on

findings.
A. Presentation of Data C. Conclusion
B. Introduction D.
Recommendations
Suggested solutions to the problem =
Recommendation

491. These are addressed to those concerned to help solve the problem, guided by the
research findings.
A. Presentation of Data C. Conclusion
B. Introduction D. Recommendations

492. This part of research must be feasible, logical and valid which may address (solve
the problem) the findings of the research.
A. Presentation of Data C. Conclusion
B. Introduction D. Recommendations

493. This highlights the findings without detailed statistical data and analysis.
A. Presentation of Data (chapter 4)
B. Conclusion
C. Summary
D. Recommendations

494. This part of research includes the works-and only those works-cited in the text.
A. References C. Appendices
B. Bibliography D. Both A and B

495. Is a method of inquiry for the purpose of obtaining facts in response to questions.
a. Manufacturing C. Developmental
b. Research D. Experiment
Re – again
Search – to find

496. It describes phenomena in words instead of

numbers or measures.
a. Qualitative Research
b. Quantitative Research
c. Both A and C
d. None of them

497. The ultimate aim of research is –

a. To test a theory
b. To solve a problem
c. To develop new theory or product
d. All of them

498. This is a specific statement of prediction.

a. Setting of the Study C. Introduction
b. Framework D. Hypothesis
(assumptions)
2 types of hypothesis
+ hypothesis = alternative hypothesis
- Hypothesis = null hypothesis
499. Its purpose is to study intensively the background, current status, and
environmental
interactions of a given social unit: an individual, group, institution or community.
a. Survey C. Case Study
b. Ethnographic D. None of them

500. This is used in studying the society – its customs, traditions, behavior and beliefs.
a. Survey C. Case Study
b. Ethnographic D. None of them

501. This section presents the specific problems of the study that needs to be stated
correctly by way of a precise question which demands specific answer.
a. Background of the Study
b. Hypothesis of the Study
c. Statement of the Problem
d. Theoretical or Conceptual Framework
Temporary answer to the SOP = hypothesis
+ - alternative
- - null

502. In this part of the research, the researcher

outlines theory he wishes to espouse or verify.
a. Review of Related Literature – chapter 2
b. Methods of Research – chapter 3
c. Theoretical Framework – chapter 2
d. Introduction – chapter 1

503. In this part, the researcher reads literature, summarizes the literature, and
synthesizes the
results in relation to the problem.
a. Review of Related Literature
b. Methods of Research
c. Theoretical Framework
d. Introduction

Literature “published” – books, newspaper,

journals, magazines
Study unpublished – thesis, dissertation (Ph.D)

504. These are unpublished materials such as manuscripts, theses and dissertations
from the country of origin of the researcher.
a. Foreign Studies C. Local Studies
b. Foreign Literature D. Local Literature

505. Is a branch of mathematics that deals with the techniques for collecting, analyzing,
and drawing conclusions from data?
a. Geometry C. Algebra
b. Statistics D. Trigonometry
Father of moral statistics = Adolphe Quetelet
School Cartographic School
Theory = Thermic Law

506. Research in criminology is focused on –

a. Crime and Criminalities (yes)
b. Criminals and Criminal Behaviors (yes)
c. Corrections and Treatment (yes)
d. All of them

507. Research is not –

a. Responsible for new products, ideas and knowledge
b. A process directed at gathering, processing, analyzing and interpreting data
c. Pushes back the dark areas of ignorance
d. Confined only in the science laboratory

508. These are terms that need to be defined in the study?

a. Universally accepted terms
b. Operational Terms
c. Terms defined over dictionaries
d. None of them
Operational terms = definitions of terms on how these terms are used in the research
509. Setting of the Study (SCOPE AND LIMITATION) in the Traditional Format (APA) is
similar to this component of the IMRAD Format.
a. Paradigm C. Research Design
b. Research Locale (PLACE) D. None of them
APA – AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION
(5CHAPTERS)
IMRAD – MODERN OR INTERNATIONAL FORMAT (4
CHAPTERS
I – INTRODUCTION
M – METHODS
R –RESULTS
A- AND
D- DISCUSSION
510. Simulacrum in the IMRAD Format is similar to this part of the Traditional Format.
a. Paradigm C. Research Design