IMPORTANCE DETAILS (ESP)

Why use Eggshell Powder for partial replacement of cement

-The chemical composition and calcite structure of ESP is similar to limestone which is the main material
used in the production of Ordinary Portland Cement (Yerramala, 2014 -> table) Yu et al.,
(2017)

-ESP is mostly made of calcium which is the primary component of Ordinary Portland cement

(Calcium is one of the important components needed to form C-S-H gel to develop the strength of
concrete)

-ESP has lower content of Alkalis compared to Ordinary Portland cement.

(Alkalis are considered concrete cancer when it reacted with silica since it may form a gel that may swell
causing cracks to the concrete) Rajabipour et al., 2015

Table.1: Chemical composition and specific gravity of the materials

Source: Yerramala, 2014

Effect of Eggshell Powder on Compressive and Flexural strength

-ESP enhances the compressive strength of concrete by improving compactness, pozzolanic reaction,
and development of secondary C-S-H gel (Yu et al., 2017).

-The addition of ESP accelerates cement hydration which results to high early strength
(Medjigbodo et al., 2018).
 Figure.4 : Compressive strength of concrete specimens with water-cured condition
Source: Yu et al., 2017

Figure.14: Compressive strength results for cement

mortar containing different ESP
Source: Jaber et al., 2020

Factors to consider when using ESP as partial replacement

-ESP should not exceed 15% to avoid unreacted calcium carbonate (Thongsanitgarn et al., 2011) due to
insufficient silicon dioxide (Rashid et al., 2019).

-The finer the ESP the more effective it will be (Jhatial et al., 2019).