cu») United States US 201701442411 2) Patent Application Publication co) Pub. No.: US 2017/0144241 AL YOKOO et al. (3) IMPELLER BRAZING METHOD. (1) Applicant: MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRI LID, Tokyo OP) (72) Inventors: Kazutoshi YOKOO, Tokyo (IP); Daisuke TANAKA, Tokyo (IP) aisuke KAWADA, Tokyo (IP) Keshiro NARA, Tokyo (IP) Hiroki TAKAGI, Tokyo UP); Yujiro WATANABE, Tokyo (JP); Hiroshi NAKAJIMA, Tokyo (P) (73) Assignce: MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES LID, Tokyo OP) (21) Appl. Now 151402,602 (22) Filed: an, 10, 2017 Related US. Application Data (62) Division of application No. 13/984,904, filed on Aug. 12, 2013, now Pat. No. 9,566,685, filed as application No, PCT/IP2011/006800 on Nov. 22, 2011 G0) Foreign Application Priority Data Feb. 22, 2011 GP) Feb. 22,2011 GP) 2011-035308 2011-035309 Publication Classitiation (1) Inc. B2iK 100 (2006.01) 23K 35/30 (2006.01) ere sm (2008.01) nc 38/48 (2005.01), (43) Pub. Date: May 25, 2017 one wn 200501) oa 2902 (2006.01), C22 3802 (200501), Cac 3800 (2006.01), ap 90 (200501), aD 78 (2006.01), Fos 2928 (200501), B23K 1008 (2006.01) cnc 3804 (2006.01), B23K 1/0018 (2013.01); B23K 1/008 (2013.01): B23K 4/4013 (2013.01), C22C Sm2 (2013.01); C22C 38/48 (2013.01); C22C 38/42 (2013.01), €22C 38/04 (2013.01): C22 38/02 (2013.01); €22C 38/002 (2013.01) CUD 9068 2013.01}, C2D 78S (2013.01), FodD 29284 (2013.01); FOID 290023 (201301) on ABSTRACT The preseat invention relates 10 an impeller manufacturing ‘method in which a thermal eyelo is performed on an assem: bly body’ with brazing material formed of a Ni-containing Aw alloy being placed at a bond portion of at Jeast {0 impeller constituent members. The thermal eyele includes temperature increasing process with a temper ing rate of 20 Cr, the process inluding first intermediate retention and a second intermediate re ‘ion eaeh Keeping the temperature, the fist intermediate retention performed in a tomperatute range of S00? C. 10 ‘880° C. and the second intermediate retention performed ia ‘temperature range of 850°C, to 980° C. (but not including '850° C.) In he thermal eyele, the temperature is inereased in a temperature range exceeding 950° C. after the second intermediate retention at rate lower than that before the second intermediate retention,Patent Application Publication May 25,2017 Sheet 1 of 7 US 2017/0144241 Al FIG. 1 COVER DISK COVER MATERIAL’ DISK MATERIAL FORGING FORGING MACHINING: MACHINING BLADE COMPLETE DISK PROCESSING (WACHINING) COMPLETE COVER ‘ASSEMBLY BODY (PLACE BRAZING MATERIAL) SOLUTION HEAT TREATMENT & BLAZING ‘AGE-HARDENING HEAT TREATMENTUS 2017/0144241 AI May 25, 2017 Sheet 2 of 7 Patent Application Publication 9 001 OLD .02 SAVY ONISYSUONI SUNLVUIaNAL ‘sUnyaadWaL NOLINSISY 09 0s or 9.098 O1 9 .005 NOLINGI3Y SLVIGINYBINI LSY1S (au) NLL of oz oL 0 Co.) Sunuyaaaia, t oz 9 0501 01 9 .0001 0 \ 9 .0S6 O19 .0S8 NOLINGI3Y 31V1G3WUaINI GNOOIS ALYY ONISV3YONI SUMLVUSdNEL NOT 21dPatent Application Publication May 25,2017 Sheet 3 of 7 US 2017/0144241 Al sesssslessas[see|sesas eseeee sesleeese BERGER REGRSPSR SRS SSSSESEE SReRSISSSas eeees FIG. 3 RAR ARPatent Application Publication May 25,2017 Sheet 4 of 7 US 2017/0144241 Al FIG. 4 2~ I af ~—Y i 22) _US 2017/0144241 AI May 25, 2017 Sheet 5 of 7 Patent Application Publication sy OF 9.098 OL 9 .005 NOLINGISY 3LVIGRAMSINE 18414 (au) aM se of os of Gt oot \S 0 9.0801 01.9 0001 _} SULVEANAL NOL INGLY 9 007 O19 ‘LY ONISV3YONI SUNLVURANL | fo.) sunuvesawal, oot J Z oz! 1 7 a 2. .096 01 9.098 NOLINGLY ALVIGBIRINI cNovas ALVa ONISVSYONT ‘3unveadnal M07 ¢ ‘OIPatent Application Publication May 25, 2017 Sheet 6 of 7 US 2017/0144241 AI eo000000) lesaes 3 FIG. 6Patent Application Publication May 25,2017 Sheet 7 of 7 US 2017/0144241 Al FIG. 7A PRIOR ART is NY 113 14US 2017/0144241 Al IMPELLER BRAZING METHOD ‘TECHNICAL FIELD. [0001] The present invention relates to. method of man- acturing an impeller (a rotary wing) for use ina centrifugal ‘comprestor or another rotary machine BACKGROUND ART [0002] |For example, as shown in FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B, an impeller 10a of a centrifugal compressor is fixed to 2 rotational min shaft of a centrifugal compressor aot showa via. shaft hole 16 provided on an inner circumferential side, tnd is configured to include a disk 1 with one surface ‘curved to be thinner tothe tip, cover 12 ina shape of facing the curved surface of the disk II, and many blades 13 provided so. as to section a space between the curved ‘urfaces ofthe disk 11 and the caver 12 into a vortex shape. [0003] Types of this impeller 10 include one called @ three-piece type in which the disk 11, the cover 12, and the blades 13 are independently produced and matlly bonded or assembly and one called a wo-pioce type in which the ‘cover 12 and the blades 13 (or the disk 11 and the blades 13) ‘re integrally fabricated and boned to the disk 11 (or the ‘cover 12) fabricated independently therefrom. In both ofthe Jmpelles 10 of the three-piece type and the two-piece type, bonding is performed by welding or brazing. Whether ‘welding or brazing is performed for bonding is determined according tothe size, strength, or others of the impeller 10. Note thatthe impeller 10 shown in FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B is ‘of the two-piece typ, illustrating an example in which the ‘isk 11 and the cover 12 integrally fabricated with the Blades 13 are bonded with » brezing part 14 10008} Bonding by brazing has a thermal eycle in which, With a brazing material made of, for example, an A0—Ni alloy, being interposed between members be bonded (for ‘example, between the disk and the blades 13), the temperature is ineteased to a brazing temperature equ oF higher than the melting temperature ofthe brazing materi, the state is held for a set period, and then cooling is performed, 10005] Bonding by brazing hus the following advantages 10006) Since the brazing temperature snd the temperature jn a solution heat treatment of « material (precpitation- hhardening-type stainless stel) configuring the impeller 10 ‘ean be made within the same temperature ring, the heat treatment for brazing and the solution heat treatment can be performed in a united manner. 10007} Also, compared with the impeller 10 fabricated by Welding, the impeller 10 fabricated by brazing deform less and is unbalanced les 10008] Furthermore, since a brazing process is performed under vacuum, the surface of the impeller 10 after the process is cleaned, a process of removing an oxide coating Inter can be eliminated, and dimensional sccuraey required ‘can be easily ensured, [0009] An impeller manufacturing method by brazing ‘withthe advantages as described above is disclosed in Patent Docuaeat 1 [0010] With quenching process starting ats temperature slightly lower than that of the Fiquid phase of the brazing material, the strength ofa brized bonded paris insulin, resulting in a erack i the brazed bonded part, An object of May 25, 2017 at 1 is to solve the problem ofthe eonven- 12 method as described ahove, Patent Document 1 suggests brazing thermal fou] cyele, « ypical example of which is shown in FIG. 1 of Patent Document 1, In FIG. 1, an assembly body to be ‘razed is heated for approximately six hours to a temapent- ture of the liquid phase or a Hiquidus temperature of the brazing material, that is, approximately 1880 Fahrenheit degrees (1010° C.), and that temperature is retained for about one hour. In the course of this temperature increase, a temperature of 1200 Fahrenheit degroes (650° C.) is retained {or approximately one hour Purthermore, the brazed assem- bly body is cooled for approximately two hours to approx rately 1300 Fabrenbeit degrees (704.4° C.), and then the ‘temperature of the assembly body i lowered for one hour to 4 temperature of approximately” 350 Fahrenheit degrees (1767° C) for gas quenching. Patent Document 1 states that, with this thermal eyee, the rotary wing assembly body does not exhibit thermally-induced distortion, the entire brazed bonded parts solid, and no erack occurs. Note that Patent Document 1 recommends JIS SUS630 as a stainless eel configuring cach member ofthe impeller and an alloy ccomtaining 80% to 85% gold (Au) and 15% to 202% nickel (Ni) (this may be hereinalter abbreviated a a Ni—Awalloy) fs the bring material. Inthe specification of the present application, % means a percentage by ms, CITATION LIST Patent Document Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Applicaton Laid-Open (Translation of PCT Application) No, 2003-53173] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION “Technical Problems to be Solved by the Invention [0012] As described above, according to Patent Document | aa impeller can be fabricated by a brazing method without ‘causing a crack, [0013]. However, it has been found that there is a pos bility that a gap may occur between the disk 11 and the blades 13, whieh are supposed to have been bonded via the brazing material, due to a dilerence in generation tempent- tre during a heat teatmeat when brazing is performed with the thermal eyele of Patent Document I. Sinee the portion ‘where this gap occurs isnot banded via the brazing material (@ brazing defect), the impeller with the occurrence of a significant gap is handled asa defective product, or brazing is performes again. [0014] The present invention was made based on this problem, and has an object of providing an impeller mam facturing method capable of reducing brazing defets Solution tothe Problems [0018] To investigate the cause of a brazing defect, the present inventors have conducted. studies from several aspects. Asa result, it has been confirmed tht a distribution fof temperature occurs inthe impeller ina thermal eyele of brazing, With the occurrence of the distribution in tempera- ture to the impeller, « space atthe bond interface may be expanded due to a difference in heat distortion amount ‘curring accordingly. The brazing material molten in the thermal eyele is retained inthe space by capillary aetion. IFUS 2017/0144241 Al this space is too expanded, the brazing. not retainable leaks to the outside, 10016] Thus, the inventors have conducted studies in view ‘of suppressing expansion of the space and. as a result, ‘conceived the present invention as deseribed below. 10017] A fist aspect ofthe present invention relates ton ‘impeller manufacturing method in which a thermal eyele is performed, forbonding, on an assembly body witha brazing material interposed at a bond portion between at least two Jmpeller constituent members, and has a characteristic in this thermal eycle, [0018] The thermal eyele aevording to the fist aspect of the present invention includes a temperature increasing process I of ineeasing a temperature to 2 reteation tempera- ‘ure, a retaining process Il of retaining the temperature atthe retention temperature in a temperature range equal 10 oF higher than 1 melting temperature of the brazing material and a temperature decreasing process II of decreasing the temperature fom the relention lemperature to a room tem- perature. 10019] In the temperature increasing proces, temper ture inereasing rate is assumed tobe 20° Che to 100° CJ 0020] In the temperature ineoasing process, first inter mediate retention and a second intermediate retention for keeping the temperature are provided. Te fist intermediate retention is performed in a temperature range of 500° C. 10 850° C, The second intermediate retention is performed in & temperature range of 850° C. to 950" C, (but not ineluding 850" C3) 10021} Also, in the tomporature increasing process, in @ temperature ringe exceeding 950° C. after the second inter mediate retention, the temperature is increased at a rate slower than arate before the second intermediate retention. However, itis presumed that the rate at this time is also within the range of 20° C.thr. wo 200° Cs, 10022] The retention temperature in the raining process ‘of the fist aspect ofthe present invention is selected Irom 3 rannge of 1000° C. to 1050". 10023] Ic is preferable in achieving the object of the fist ‘aspect of the present invention thal, in the temperature ‘decreasing process ofthe fist aspect of the present iaven= tion, a temperature decreasing rate is 20° Cut. to 100° ‘Cute, and from the retention temperature to 980° C., the temperature is decreased at rate slower than the empen- ture decreasing rate ata lower temperature 10024) Also, the inventors have further conducted studies in view of suppressing expansion ofthe space atthe bond terface and found that a distribution in temperature ofthe vesferetial side and fn outer circumferential side of the impeller. Specifically, the impeller has a temperature on the inner circumferential side lower than the temperature on the outer circumferential side. This is because a heating furnace for brazing the impeller normally includes a heater only inside the heating Jrmace and therefore the temperature of th ‘erential side of the impeller far say from d prone to increase compared with the outer circumferential side near the heater. Also, itis desired to reduce the time required for the brazing thermal eyete, Thus, the present inventors have conceived the present invention as deseribed below to reduce the time of the brazing thenmal eycle while ‘complementing a temperature increase onthe inne circum ‘erential side of the impeller (the assembly body). May 25, 2017 [025] _ second aspect of the present invention relates to fn impeller manactoring method in which a thermal eyele is performed, for bonding, on an assembly body with & brazing material placed at a bond portion between at least «wo impeller constituent members, the theraal eye inciud- ing a temperature increasing process I of increasing @ ‘emperature toa retention temperature, a retaing process I fof retaining the temperature atthe retention tempemstre in f temperature range equal to of higher than a melting temperate of the brazing material, and a temperature decreasing process II] of decreasing the temperature from the retention femperture toa room temperate, and bik @ feature in performing the thermal cyele with the assembly body being placed with respect to a first heating body heating the assembly body trom an inner circumferential side of the assembly body. [0026] With the frst heating body heating the assembly body Tron the ianer cicunsferentil side of the assembly body being placed, distributions of temperature on the inner circumferential side and the outer circumferential side ofthe assombly body are reduced, and expansion of the space at the bond interface ean be inhibited, Therefore, acconding to the second aspect of the present invention, brazing can be ‘excellently performed, [027] The first heating body of the second aspect of the present invention is preferably integrally provided together ‘with second heating body supporting the assembly body from below in a vertical direotioa, 0028) Iti preferable to use the second heating body ‘0 actively supply heat toa lower surface sie of the assembly body less prone to receive heat fom the heater inthe therm cyele. With the second heating body and the first heating body being integrally configured, an operation of placing the fist heating body andthe second heating body with respoct to the assembly body becomes easy [0029] Ir the height ofthe first heating body low with respect to the assembly body, the amount of heat to be given from the first heating body to the assembly body is small, tnd therefore the effect of reducing the distribution of temperature may possibly not be able to be suficiently ‘oblained, On the other hand, if the height ofthe fist heating body is too high with respect to the assembly body, the ellot of reducing the distbution of temperature cannot be foblained even further, Thus, the first heating body of the second aspect of the present invention preferably satisfies (0.5h,2h, 20h, where h, is height ofthe fist heating body and fy i height ofthe assembly body. Advantageous Effets of Invention 0030} According tothe fist aspect of the present inven- ‘ion, by controlling the temperature increasing rate in the temperature increasing process inthe brazing thermal eycle and also providing an intermediate retention, the occurence ‘of gap at the brazing interface due o heat distortion ofthe feonstitient member and a defect in the brazing material ean be inhibited. 0031} Also, aceording to the second aspect ofthe present invention, when the brazing thermal eyele is performed on the assembly body formed of constituent members of the impeller, heating body heating the assembly body from the inner circumferential side is placed, thereby suppressing extension of the space atthe brazing interface die to heat ‘stortion ofa constituent member and inhibiting a defect ia the brazing material, Furthermore, by performing the brvz-US 2017/0144241 Al ing thennal eyele with a heating body being placed, the temperiture increasing mite in the lemipersture increasing process can be inereased, and the brazing thermal eyele ca be performed i a shor time, BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 10032] FIG. 1 isa flowchart of an impeller manutacturing process i firs and second embodiments, 10033] FIG. 2 is a drawing of one pattem of a thermal ‘eyele atthe time of brazing (a solution heat trestment) in the fist embodiment 10034) FIG. 3 is a table of results of observation of a braving state of a test sample obtained by Huctuating the thermal eyele atthe time of brazing (a solution heat tre ment) in the first embodiment. 10035] FIG. 4s a sectional view of an assembly body and 4 heating jig accommodated in a heating furnace in the second embodiment 10036] FIG. 5 is 3 drawing of one patter of a thermal ‘ele atthe time of brazing (a solution heat treatment) in the second embodiment 10037] "FIG. 6 is. table of results of observation of a test sample obtained by fluctuating the thermal cyele at the time ‘of brazing (a solution heat testament) inthe second embod 10038] FIGS. 7A and 7B show an example of an impeller ‘ofa centrifagal compressor, FIG. 7A being a plan view of the impeller and FIG. 7B being a half sectional view of the impeller along a blade of the impeller DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 10039] The invention is describe in detail below based ‘embodiments, Note that a series of processes described below are shown in FIG. 1 for reference, [0040] In the present embodiments, in both of fst and second embodiments, an impeller of the two-piece type shown in FIG. 74 and FIG. 78 is taken as an example for description, However, it goes withont saying thatthe present fnvention can be applied even when an impeller of two-piece type in which the blades 13 ae integrally formed wih the disk 11 or an impeller ofa three-piece type in whic the blades 13, the disk I, and the cover 12 ate indepen- ‘dently fabricated and then Bonded together is manufactured, 1. First Embodiment - [0042] Cr: 15.5% to 17.5% (preferably 15.5% to 17.0%) [0043] Ni: 3.0% to 5.0% (preferably 3.5% 10 4.5%) [0048] | Cu; 3.0% t0 5.0% (preferably 3.0% to 4.0%) May 25, 2017 fooasy 0.409%) [oss [047 [ooas} [oo49} [oso [oos1} NoeTa: 0.15% to 040% (preferably 03% 10 ©: 0.07% or lower Si: 1.0% or lower Ma: 1.0% oF lower P: 0.004% oF lower Si 0.03% of lower ‘The balance: Fe and inevitable impurities 10052] ‘The raw materials for the disk 11 and the cover 12 fare each forged and machined to be processed in the shapes of the disk I and the cover 12, respectively. At the center fof the disk 11 in a diameter direction, a shaft hole 16 is ormed. For example, a tary min shalt of a centrifugal compressor fis in this shaft hole 16. Since the cover 12 intogrally includes the blades 13, a machining process for Torming the blades 13 is performed [0053] ond surface sides of the fabricated disk 11 and cover 12 inteprally provided with the blades 13 are caused to abut om each other to obtain an assembly body. Note that the cover 12 eauses a blade 13 side to face the bond surface side of the disk 11. Berween these abutting surfaces, 2 brazing material is placed. Here, to ensure the thickness of the brazing msterial after brazing fig can be used to retain the space between the abutting surfaces of the disk 1 and the cover 12 Brazing Material> [0054] ‘The brazing material for use in the present embodt- ‘ent is an allay containing Ni with Au as a base. This gold brazing material contains 15% to 25% of Ni, and the halance is formed of Au and inevitable impurities, With this com- position range, good wettability with respect to the base ‘material (dhe disk Mand the blades 13) and high bond strength can be obtained. AS the gold brazing material, the fone having a melting point (a liguidus temperature) on the fonder of 900° C. 10 1080° C., which is lower than the ‘tention temperature of SUSS30 in the sahuton heat tr ‘ment, i used. The gok! brazing material preferably has @ chemical composition of 16% to 19% Ni-81¥% to 84% Au, ‘more preferably a chemical composition of 17.5% to 18.5% [Ni-81.59 to 82.5% Au, The gold brazing material typically thas a composition of 18% Ni—Au, and has a melting point fon the onder of 900° C, to 1000° C. [0055] The form of the brazing material interposed ‘between the abutting surfaces ean be any. Any form known in brazing ean be used, for example, a thin film, thin strap, a linear material, powder, or paste. However, the form Is ‘oquired to satisfy the thickness ofthe brazing material ater brazing set to ensure toughness of a bond portion [0086] After the disk M1 and the cover 12 (the blades 13) ‘reassembled vie the brazing materia, te assembly body is ‘inserted into the heat fumace fora heat treatment. The heat treatment includes two stages, thot is a solution heat tret- ‘ment and an age-hardening heat treatment, as shown in FIG. 1, and is performed under vacuum, The brazing thermal cycle is performed so as to serve alsa as the solution heat ‘eeatment, These eyele and treatment are hereinafter cllee-US 2017/0144241 Al Lively refered to braving thermal eyele. The age hardening haat treatment can be performed aller the brazing thermal ‘ele (the solution heat tatment) ends, and also can be Performed in a temperature decreasing process inthe braz- Ing thermal eycle. Suitable eondtions of a series of heat treatments are described belo. [Brazing Thermal Cycle] [0087] As shown in FIG. 2, the brazing thermal eyele ean be sectioned into a temperature increasing, provess (I. & ring prin), and tempers devin press [0058] The temperature increasing process i8 somnally Start from a room temperature, ancl the temperature inside the furnace (ihe assembly body) is increased to a retenti temperature [Temperature Increasing Process] 10089] In the fist embodiment, a temperature increasing rate inthe temperature increasing process is set at 20° Cie to 100° Che. This so prevent a distribution of temperature from occurring inthe assembly body during the temperature increasing process of, even if it oceus, to suppress to the ‘extent thatthe brazing material does not leak ftom the bond interface, [0060] To prevent a distribution of temperature from ‘occurring in the assembly body, the temperature increasing rate is made slower. However, if the rate too slow it takes ‘oo much time inthe brazing theemal eyee, esulting in an increase in manufacturing cost of the impeller 10. Moreover, isnot easy to control slow temperature inereasing rate, ind an expensive heating furnace is required. Therefore, the temperature inereasing rate is set to be equal to oF highee than 20° Car preferable lower limit ofthe temperature increasing rate is 30° Ci, and a fnther preferable loser limit ofthe temperature increasing rate i 50° Chr, 10061} On the other hand, if the temperature increasing rate becomes faster, the distibution of temperature occur ring in the assembly body is increased. Thus, in the fist ‘embodiment, an upper Himit of the temperature increasing fate is set to be eqval to or lower than 100° Che. A preferable upper limit of the temperate increasing rate is NOP Chr, and a more preferable upper limit of the tem- perature increasing rate is 70° Cr 10062] The time required for the temperature increasing process depends on the temperitue increasing rat, the time Fequired for intermediate retention described next, or the side of the impeller 10, and therefore cannot be uniquely determined, However, also in consideration of the maniac ‘uring cost ofthe impeller 10, ily hours or less are desire. 10063] The temperature inereasing rate described above is applied throughout the temperature increasing process. That the temperature increasing rate is applied from the time when the temperature increase stats 10 the time until the retention temperature (he raining process), However, this temperature inereasng rte isnot applied othe intermediate retention deserbed next. The temperature inreasing rate is not required to he constant, and can be flctuated in # range ‘of 20° Ctr. 10 100” Ce. Typically, in a temperature range ‘excooting 900° C. to 950° Ca tempemure inereasing rate slower than that in a lower temperature range is selected May 25, 2017 [Hntenmediate Retention] 0064} In the temperature inereasing process fist iner- mediate reation and second intemediate retention for retaining the temperature are provided. Note thatthe first intermediate retention and the second intermediate retention fare collectively referred to a6 intermediate retention. The fit intermediate retention is performed in a temperature range of S00° C. to 850° C. The second intermediate retention is performed ina temperature range of 850° C. 10 {950° C. (but not including 850° C). [065] As described above, the temperature increasing rate is sett be equal to or lower than 100° Chr to prevent distribution of temperature from occurring inthe assembly body in the temperature inereasing process, but this is not sSficient t avoid a distribution of temperate, Thus, i the first embodiment, the internediate retention is introdaced to make the distribution of temperature ofthe assembly body sore uniform, [0066] In the first embodiment, the intermediate retention is configured of the first intermediate retention and the second intermediate retention, These two stages of interme- ae retention are provided ecause itis not suliciea to inhibit a brazing defect only with either one of these intermediate retentions. That is, in the temperature incre ing process, the distribution of temperature occuring in the assembly body increases as the temperature relatively ‘nereases. Thus, the provision ofthe intemidiate retention in a high temperature range is effective to make the tem- perature of tho assembly body uniform. However, if a ‘strbution of temperature occurs in the assembly body in a relatively low temperature range, a gap occurs atthe bond “terface at that moment and, even ifthe temperature is rid to be made uniform in the high temperature range, thece is a possibilty that appropriate brazing cannot be made because ofan increase ofthe wap between brazing sures, a positional deviation of the placed brazing material, oF others due to deformation in the temperature increasing process, In particular the previpitation-hardening-typesain- Jess steel such as SUSG30 becomes prone to be deformed as the strength is abruptly decreased when the temperature exceeds an aging temperature, and therefore a gap may possibly he extended when the emperature pastes the aging femperature in the tempersture increasing process. In view ofthis, Wo stages hat isthe frst intermediate retention and the second intermediate retention, are provide in the first embodiment [0067] In the first intermesite retention, i dhe tempera ture is lower than 00°C, the distribution of temperate in the assembly body is small, and therefore an effect inline ‘with the intermediate retention cannot be obtained even if the intermediate retention is performed. Also, if the tem- perature excoods 850° C., the effect of reducing the gap at a relatively low temperature described above cannot be ‘obiained. Thus, the first intermediate retention is performed in a temperature range of 500° C. to 850° C. The first intermsite retention is preferably perfoemed ina temper- ture range of 550° C. 1 750°C. and is more preferably performed in a temperature range of 580° C. to 700° C. [0068] The retention time in the first intermediate reten- ‘ion should be determined according 10 the size of the assembly body or the like. Since the effect of making the {temperature uniform is insufficient with a short time and the temperature is made uniform with an approximately con- sant time per unit plate thickness of the impeller, theUS 2017/0144241 Al retention time is set on the onder of one to ten hours i ‘consideration ofthe thickets ofthe impeller. This rtent time is applied also to the second intemmediate retention, 10069] The first intermediate eiention allows to or more Sages of retention a ciferent temperatures. Also, the fist ‘embodiment allows that retention is performed in a tem- perature range Tower than 500° C. on the precondition that the first intermediate retention is performed 10070] In the second intermediate retention, if the tem perature is equal to ar lower than 850° C., the effect of reducing the gap ata relatively high temperature deseribed ‘above cannot be obtained, Also, ifthe temperature exceeds 980° C., melting of the brazing material starts, and the retention becomes less meaningful. Thus, the second inter mediate retention is performed in a temperature range of 850° C.t0 950? C. (but not ineluding 880° C.). The second Jnetmediate retention is preferably performed in tempera- ture range of 860° C. to 940° C., and is more preferably performed in a temperature range of 880° C. to 920° C 10071] "The second intermediate retention also allows two ‘oF more stages of retention at different temperatures [Slow Heating] 10072] After the second intemmediate retention and until the procedure makes transition to the retaining pracess, the temperature increasing rate is made slower than the tem- perature inereasing rate before the second intermediate retention. Since the brazing material starts to melt after the second intermediate retention, the temperature increasing rate is suppressed as much as possible to prevent a distr- bution of temperature from occuring in the assembly body. However, the temperature inereasing rate in this ease is also kept tobe selected from the range of 20° Chr 10 100° CJ. [Retaining Process (Solution Heat Treatment) [0073] ‘The retaining process includes function of resin- ing the base material (the impeller 10) and performing & solution heat treatment and also & function of melting the brazing materia 10074} The reteation temperature in the retaining process Js selected from the range of 1000" C. to 1050? C. This range ‘of the retention temperature basically complies with JIS 64303 stipulating heat treatment of SUS630. [Temperature Decreasing Process] [0075] In the temperature decreasing process (a cooling process) after the retaining process, as withthe temperatnre Increasing process, the rate is preferably in a range of 20° ‘he. 0 100° Cth to suppress a distribution of temperature Jn the assembly body. With this cooling rate, solving Cu in ‘2 base in SUS630, which is an object of the solution heat treatment, cat he achieved 0076] In this temperature decreasing process, from the retention temperature to 980°C. the temperate is prefer ably decrease at arate slower than the temperature decress- ing rate ata lower temperature. This sto the same effet that the temperature is increased in a temperature range excecd- Jing 950° C. ata rate slower than the rate therebefore in the lempersture increasing process. To more clarify this elle, retention near 950° C., specifically in a range of 900° C. 10 1000 C, for 0.5 to 2 hours ean be provided. [0077] Tn the temperature decreasing process, after the enerated stress becomes equal to or lower than the strength May 25, 2017 of the brazing material aad the temperature is decreased 10 ‘temperature rnge (lar example, 600" C. of lower) where ‘deformation is allowed without damage, cooling gas oF ‘others ean be supplied to achieve a temperature decreasing rate equal to of higher than 100° C.¢r [0078] Since the yold braving material described above fas a melting point of 900" C. to 1080° C, the brazing ‘ment including the temperature decreasing process. Note that for martensitic transformation of the stricture, the temperanire is required to be lowered 0 a MF point (a ‘martensite transformation cnd temperature), which depends ‘on the composition and the cooling rate but is approximately 32°C. After retention, the temperature is required to be cooled to he equal to or lower than this temperature ME point “ [0091] By using materials similar to those in the first ‘embovliment, the disk H1 and the cover 12 (the blades 13) Tormed wih a method similar wo that ofthe fist embodizaent being assembled with a brazing material interposed therebe- ‘ween to obtain the assembly body 18, As shown in FIG. 4 the assembly body 15 placed on heating jig 20 is accom ‘modsted in a heating furnace 1 that performs a heat treat- ment. Note in the present embodiment that shaft hole 16 ‘of the assembly body 18 described below is identical to the shaft hole 16 ofthe disk 11. Also, aside closer tothe shaft hole 16 ofthe assembly body 18 isan inner circumferential side inthe assembly body 15, and aside away therefrom is ‘an outer circumferential side, 10092] The heating jig 20 is formed of, as shown in FIG. 4. cylindrical fist heating unit fst heating body) 21 (0 be inserted into the shaft hole 16 of the assembly baxly 18 ‘and a disk-shaped second heating unit (a second heating body) 22 inteprally provided with the ist heating unit 21 and supporting the assembly body 18 from below in a vertical direction 10093] "The heating jig 20 is made of a carbon with high thermal conductivity and is heated by heat generated from ‘theater (o0t shown) provided on an inner side furnace wall, 2 ofthe heating furnace 1 in a themal eycle, which will be described further below, The heated first heating unit 21 heats the assembly body 18 Irom the inner eireumferential side, [0098] The heating jie 20 can be fabricated by individually fabricating the first heating unit 21 and the second heating ‘unit 22 and then joining these together for inteyration, or ea be fabricated withthe first heating unit 21 and the seoons heating unit 22 integrated initially together, 10095] As the material configuring the heating jig 20, ia ‘addition to the carbon, a metal material having heat resis- tance 10 1000° C. or higher ean be used. 10096] _ While the size ofthe heating jig 20 is adjusted as propriate according to the siz ofthe assembly body 15 10 be placed, a height (b,) of the first heating unit 20 is preferably 0.5 times or higher than a height (h,) of the assembly body 1$ ina vertical direction. [fh is smaller than ‘0h, heat of the heating furnace 1 is obsiricted by the assembly body 18 to make the temperature of the fist heating unit 21 less prone to incase, thereby making it impossible to suficently heat the assembly body 15 from the inner circumferential side [0097] By contrast, for example, if his inereased so that the frst heating unit 24 protrudes from the shaft hole 16 of the assembly body 18 as shown in FIG. 4 the first heating unit 21 is heated to higher temperature because of directly receiving heat from the heater ofthe heating furnace 1. The heated first beating unit 24 beats the assembly body 1 from the inner circumferential side. As such, with te ist heating nit 21 heating the inner circumferential side ofthe assem- bly body 18, the distribution of temperature on the inner ‘circumferential side ofthe assembly body 15 and the outer reumferental side of the assembly body 15 heated by the heater of the heating furnace 1 can be made more uniform. With the distribution of temperature being made more ‘uniform, a diference in heat distortion in the assembly body May 25, 2017 15 is reduced, and extension of the space at the bond interlace between the disk ML and the eover 12 (the blades 13) is inhibited. Asa result, the brazing material can be kept at that bond interface, andthe disk IL und the cover 12 eaa be excellently brazed together. Also, since the assembly body 18 is heated by the fist heating unit 21 from the inner circumferential se, even ifthe temperature increasing eate fof the thermal eyele is increased, a distribution of texapers- tre is less prone to occur in the assembly body 15. There- {ore, the temperature increasing rte ofthe thermal eyele can be increased, and the time required forthe entire thermal cyele is reduced, thereby reducing manufacturing cost [098] However, the ellect of reducing the distribution of | ‘temperature isnot obtain further ifthe frst eating unit 21 is made too high. Also, it becomes less easy wo place the assembly body 18 on the high heating jig 20, and the ‘manufacturing cost of such heating jig 20 sls increase Therefore the frst eating unit 21 Is preferably configured so that the height satistes O.Sh,shs20h,, more preferably hissy 10h 0099] ‘The frst heating unit 21 is also preferably cont ‘ured ot toe in coataet with the assembly body 18 when inserted into the shalt hole 16of the assembly body 18. This js because i the firs heating unit 21 isin contact with the assembly body 1, the material configuring the ist heating ‘unit 21 such as carhon is moved to-a surface layer of the assembly body 15 to possibly enuse a change in composition ofthe assembly body 18. On the ober hand, ifthe diameter fof the first heating unit 21 is too small, a surface area of the fit heating unit 24 exposed (0 the heater of the heating furnace 1 is decreased, and thus the assembly body 15 ‘cannot be sulliciently heated from the inner circumferential side. Therefore, the size of the first heating unit 21 in a iameter direction is. preferably configured 10 satisfy OAR eR, [0101] With the first heating wnit 21 of the heating jig 20 being inserted into the shaft hole 16 of the assembly body 15, the assembly body 15 js placed on the heating jig 20, Here, between the second heating unit 22 andthe assembly body 1S, a spacer (not shown) formed of a eeramie or the Tike stable ata retention temperature, which will be described further below, canbe interposed. This is because, if the assembly body 13 is mounted directly on the second heating unit 22, the material configuring the second hesting ‘unit 22 such as carhon is moved tothe surface layer of the assembly body 15 to possily ease a change in stuctare (composition) ofthe assembly body 18. [0102] Nove that while the assembly body 18 i placed on the heotng jg 20 with a disk IT side positioned upward, » cover 12 side may be positioned upwardUS 2017/0144241 Al “Heat Treatment (Brazing Thermal Cyele)> [0103] With the assembly body 15 placed on the heating sig 20 inthe above-described manner being putted into the hating fumace 1, a heat treatment is stated, The heat treatment is fommed of Wo stages, that is, a solution heat treatment and an age-hardening heat treatment, as shown ‘ako in FIG. 1, Inthe second embodtimest, the solution heat treatment is performed under vacuum, and the age-harden- ing heat treatment is performed under vacuum ora pressure ‘equivalent to atmospheric pressure, A brazing thermal eycle Js performed so as to verve as this solution heat treatment. ‘These cycle and treatment are hereinafter collectively referred to a brazing thermal eyele. The age-hardening heat treatment can be performed after the brazing thermal eyele (the solution beat treatment) ends. Suitable colons of a series of heat treatments in the second embodiment are described below [Brazing Thermal Cycle] 0104) As shown in FIG. $, the brazing thermal eyele ean be sectioned into a temperature inereasing process (I), & retaining process (I), anda temperature decreasing process ap, [0105] The tempersture increasing process is nomnally stared from a room temperature, an the temperature inside the heating furnace I (the assembly body 15 sd the heating ig 20) is increased to a retention temperature. [Temperature Inereasing Process] 10106] Inthe second embodiment, by using the Beating jig 20, even if a temperature increasing rte is sot ina range of 100? Cz to 400° Che, which i higher than the rage of the temperature inereasng rate inthe temperature inereasing process of the first embodiment, its possible to prevent @ {isiribution of temperature from occurring in the assembly body 158 during the temperature increasing processor, eve if it oceurs, it s possible to suppress to the extent that the brazing material doesnot leak from the bond interface. The tempertire increasing rte in the temperature increasing process can be preferably 120° Cir 10 380° Ci, more preferably 140° Cv. 360" Chr [0107] The time required for the temperature increasing process dopends onthe temperature increasing rat, the time required for intemmediate retention described next, or the size of the impeller 10, and therefore cannot be uniquely determined, However, in consideration ofthe manufoetiring ‘cost ofthe impeller 10, thiny hours or less are desired. [0108] The temperature inreasing rate described above is applic throughout the temperature increasing process. That the temperature increasing rate is applied fom the time when the temperature increase stats to he time until the retention temperature (the retaining process). However, this temperature ineeasing rate isnot applisd during the inter mediate retention described next, The tempecatre ineeess- ing rate isnot required to be constant, and ean he Hctsted in-a range of 100° Che. to 400° Ch. Typically, in 2 temperature rge exceeding 980° C. temperature inereas- Jing rate slower than that in a lower temperature range is selected. [Intermediate Retention) 10109] In dhe temperature increasing process intermediate Fetention for keeping the temperature can be provided. With May 25, 2017 the provision of the intermediate retention, the distribution of temperature ofthe assembly body 15 eam be made closer to be uniform, The intermediate etention ean be performed in @ temperature range of S00? C. 10 950° C. [110] Tn the second embodiment, as with the fist embodiment, the intermediate retention is allowed t0 be Aivided into two stoges (hereinafter, a frst stage of inter ‘mediate retention is refered to ar a fist intermediation retention anv a second stage of intermediate retention is referred to as a second intermediate retention). [0111] ‘The first intermediate retention ean be performed in ‘temperature range of S00? C. 1 850° C, The reason why the first intermediate retention ean be set in this temperature range iss desribed in the firs embodiment, By perloning the frst inteemediate eotenton at temperature lwser than the temperature range in which the brazing material is ‘molten (approximately 950° C.), an elect of reducing the zap ata relatively low temperature can be obtained. The frst {intermediate retention is performed preferably ina tempers ture range of $80° C. to 750° C., more preferably in a temperature range of $50° C. 10 700" C. [0112] The second intermediate retention can be per- ormed ina temperature range of 8$0° C. ta 950" C. (but not including 880° C.), The reason why the second intermediate retention can be set in this temperature range is as desribed in the fist embodiment. Inthe temperature increasing pro- ‘cess the distribution of temperature occurring to the assem bly body 15 is increased as the temperatuce is relatively ‘increased. Therefore, by providing the second intermediate retention ina high temperature eatig, the temperature ofthe assembly body 18 can be made farther uniform. The second intermediate retention can be performed preferably in. a temperature range of 860° C. to 940" C., and can be performed more preferably in a temperature range of 880°C. 0 920°C. [0113] While retention time in the frst intermediate retention should be determined aecording o the size of the assembly body 18 of the like, the effect of moking the Temperature unifonn is insullicieat wilh @ short time, and ‘making te temperature uniform can be achieved in a certain time. Thus, the retention time of one to ten hours i prefer able. A more preferable retention time is two to eight hours Tie retention time is similarly applied tothe second inter- mediate retention time. {Slow Heating] [0114] After the first intermediate retention and until the procedure makes « transition to the retaining process, the femperature increasing rate can be made slower than the femperature increasing rate prior to the first intermediate rtcation, Since the brazing material stars to melt after the second intermediate retention, the temperature increasing rite is suppressed as much as possible to prevent a distri bution of temperature from occurring in the assembly body 18. However, the temperature increasing rate in this case is also preferably selected from the range of 100° Ch: 10 400° (Ci Note that the same applies tothe temperature incre ing rate alter the second intermediate retention and until the procedure makes a transition to the reisining process [Retaining Process (Solution Heat Treatment] [0113] The retaining process includes a funetion of retain- ing the base material (he impeller 10) and performing a solution heat treatment and also a function of melting the brazing materialUS 2017/0144241 Al [0116] A retention temperature in the retaining process ea be selocted from a range of 1000° C. to 1050° C. This rang ‘of the retention temperature basically complies with JIS ‘G4303 stipulating a heat treatment of SUS6AO. A retention time at this temperature can be selected preferably from range of 0.5 to 3 hour. [Temperature Decreasing Process] [0117] In the temperature decreasing process after the retaining process, the rate is preferably in a range of 20° (Cur to 100° Crt suppres. dstibution of temperature Jn the assembly body 15. With this temperature decreasing rate, solving Cu in a base in SUS630, which isan object of the solution heat treatment, can be achieved, [0118] In the temperature decreasing process, from the Fetention temperature to 980° C., the temperature i prefer bly decreased ata rate slower than the temperatire decreas Jing rate ata lower temperature. This sto the same effect that the temperature is increased in a temperature range exeeed- jing 950° C. ata rate slower than the rate therebefore in the temperature inreasing process. To more clarify this effect, retention near 950° C., specifically in a range of 930° C. 0 970" C,, for 0.5 to 2 hours ean be provided. [0119] In the temperature decreasing process, afler the temperatute is dacreased 1 600° C. of lower, cooking gas oF ‘others can be supplied i achieve a temperature decreasing rate equal 19 or higher than 100° Cr [0120] Since the gold brazing material described above has a melting point of 900" C. 19 1050" C, the brazing ‘material is molten and solidified to braze the disk 11 and the ‘cover 12 together in the solution heat treatment process and the temperature decreasing process. Note that for martensitic transformation ofthe structure, the temperature is required to be lowered toa Mf point (a martensitic tansformation end temperature), which depends on the composition and the ‘cooling rate but i approximately 32° C. After retention, the temperature is required to be cooled to be equal to or lower than this temperature MF point. [Retaining Process (Age-Hardening Heat Treatment) 10121] Upon completion of brazing (solution heat treat- ment) as above, an age-hardening heat treatment is per formed ext 10122] The age-hardening heat treatment is performed in ‘conformance with JIS G4303, While tempertures in the fge-hardening heat treatment are classified in JIS 4303 ‘acconting to tensile stength and proof siess desired 10 be ‘obtained, any temperature can be adopted in the second ‘embodiment, and a temperature in the temperature range Stipulated in TIS G03 ean be adopted, Experiment Examples 10123] The disk 11 and the cover 12 integrally formed Wit the blades 13 showa in FIG, 7A and FIG, 7B were prepared and, with a brazing material (thickness: 100 ym) being interposed between the disk 11 and the blades 13, the assembly body 18 was obtained, With the assembly body 1S being placed on the carbon-mace heating jig 20, brazing (2 solution heat treatment) was performed under various con- ditions, and thea the state of brazing was checked with swaterdepth ultrasonic Raw detection for cvalsation by using the following criteria May 25, 2017 [0124] ©: no brazing defect observed [125] a: dotted brazing defects [0126] x: scatered brazing defects [0127] The chemical composition of the steel material configuring the disk 11 and the cover 12 (the blades 13) for vse and the composition of the brazing material are as follows. ‘The height (h,) of the first heating unit 21 of the Dating jig 20 and brazing conditions (under vacuum) are as shown in FIG. 6 Chemical Composition of the Steel Material (in Confor- ‘mance with JIS SUS6S0) [0128] 15.5% Cr, 4.3% Ni, 3.5% Cu, 0.35% Nb4Ta [0129] 0.05% C, 0.25% Si, 0.8% Mn, 0.035% P. and 0.007% S [0130] ‘The balance: Fe and inevitable impurities [0131] Composition ofthe brazing material: 18% Ni-82%% Aw [0132] As shown ia FIG. 6 from Test Sample Nos. 1109, ‘thas heen clarified that brazing is excellently performed by performing a heat treatment with the fist heating unit 21 being provided. It has also been clarified that brazing is excellently performed even ifa heat treatment is performed fata temperature increasing rate in a range higher than the ‘ange of the temperature increasing rae inthe temperatnre increasing process of the frst embodimeat. Furhemnor, from Test Sample Nos, 10 and 11, it has been found that, ‘when the temperature increasing rate i increased, brazing is ‘more excellently performed if the height (b,) of the first hating unit 21 is higher [0133] Nove that while the temperature ofthe first heating ‘uit 21 is increased by heat generated from the heater of the ating furnace Ito heat the inner circumferential side ofthe assembly body 18 in the second embodiment described above, the stricture is not restricted to this stricture. For ‘example, a eyfindricalearbon heater prodcing heat by iselE can be used a the first heating unit 21. Alternatively, not ‘only the first heating unit 21 but also the eatire heating jig 20 ineluding the second heating unit 22 can be made as @ heater producing heat by itself. [0134] Furthermore, it goes without saying that the fist heating unit 21 (he heating fg 20) can be placed to perform ‘brazing thermal eycleon the assembly body 15 in the first ‘embodiment deseribed above, as in the second embodiment. [0135] Other than the above, any of the strictures enu- ‘erated in the embodiments above can be selected oF omitted oF changed as appropriate to another stmctire as Jong ax sueh seletion, omission, or change does not deviate rom the gist of the present invention, REFERENCE SIGNS LIST [0136] 10 impeller [0137] Mt disk [0138] 12 cover [0139] 13 blade [0140] 14 braving part [0141] 15 assembly body [0142] 16 shaft hole 16. (canceled) 7. Am impeller manufacturing method in which a thermal cycle is performed, for bonding, on an assembly body with a brazing material interposed ata bond portion between at Teast two impeller constituent members, wherein the thermal eyele includes ‘a tempertue ineroasing process of increasing a temper ‘ue to a retention temperature:US 2017/0144241 Al retaining process of retaining a the retention tempera ture in a temperature range equal to or higher than & ‘meting temperature of the braving material; and «temperature decreasing provess of decreasing the tem perature from the retention temperature t0 room {emperature, and the thermal eyele is performed with the assembly body ‘being place! with respoct oa fist heating body heating the assembly body fom an inner circumferential side of the assembly body 8, The impeller manulseturing method secoring to claim T.wherein the first heating body is integrally provided together with ‘a second heating body supporting the assembly body fiom below in 8 vertical direction. 9. The impeller manufacturing method aeconling to claim 7, wherein the first heating body satisfies 0.5h,sh=20h,. ‘whereby is a eight ofthe first heating body and hy is ‘a height ofthe assembly body May 25, 2017