- External genitalia

- Internal genitalia,

• parts of the uterus-The uterus can be divided into two sections

1. Body – the largest part and has a

2. Fundus -- rounded superior (top) portion of the uterus

3. Isthmus -- constriction at the lower end of the uterus.

• Tubes-Each one is divided into four parts: 

• The infundibulum – this is the part that is closest to the ovary and has finger-like
projections called FIMBRIA that drape over the ovary. There is cilia lining the
infundibulum which help to propel the ovum down the tube

• The ampulla – this is the widest part of the tube and the smooth muscle gets thicker
nearer to the uterus common site of fertilization and ectopic pregnancy,

• The isthmus –  narrowest part of the tube just lateral to the uterus. 1mm diameter,
perfect site for Tubal ligation.

• The interstitial part – pierces the lateral wall of the uterus

• Cervix - this is the inferior (Lower) portion of the uterus that extends to the vagina.

• Cervical canal--The internal aspect which is a passageway that is bounded between the Internal
Os and External Os. Also known as the endocervix. The area is lined by columnar epithelium

• Ectocervix -- is made up of squamous epithelium.

• layers of the muscles of the uterus

• -Endometrium –inner lining, a thin glandular layer (mucosa) that is shed every month as part of
the menstrual cycle

• Myometrium – thick smooth muscle layer that contracts when pushing a fetus out during
childbirth

• Serosa/ perimetrium – outermost layer known as serosa which is covering the fundus and
posterior surface of uterine body

- Blood vessels of the pelvis-

- Abdominal aorta branches into the right and left common iliac arteries at L4

- The common iliacs descend to the pelvis brim, where they divide into the external and
internal iliac arteries

- The external iliac arteries leave the abdominal cavity to supply the legs. Forms the femoral
artery
 - The internal iliacs enter the pelvis and supply the pelvic organs, gluteal muscles and the
perineum by both the anterior and posterior divisions

- Anterior : uterus, vagina, cervix, internal pudendal

- Posterior : Supplies the gluteal muscle

- Pelvis innervation ( nerves of the pelvis - Nerves stemming from the sacral plexus include:

- Sciatic nerve: this nerve is formed by the 4th lumbar through 3rd sacral spinal nerves

- Largest nerve in the body

- leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen to enter the gluteal area

- Pudendal nerve: this nerve is formed from the 2nd through 4th spinal sacral nerves

- It exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen and enters the perineum through the
lesser sciatic foramen to innervate the muscles and skin of the perineum

- Superior gluteal nerve: Formed by the 4th lumbar through the 1st sacral spinal nerves, this
nerve leaves the greater sciatic foramen to innervate gluteal muscles

Lymph nodes of the pelvis-

Several groups of lymph nodes are located along the vessels in the pelvic region:

- External iliac lymph nodes: Receive lymph from the inguinal lymph nodes, which are
located along the femoral vein in the anterior thigh, and from pelvic organs

- Internal iliac lymph nodes: Receive lymph from the pelvic organs, perineum, and gluteal
region

- Sacral lymph nodes: Receive lymph from the pelvic organs and drain into the internal or
common iliac nodes

- Common iliac lymph nodes: Receive lymph from the other pelvic nodes

- Pararectal nodes

- Superficial inguinal and deep inguinal nodes: Drain lymph from the inferolateral part of the
trunk and perineum

- Lumbar nodes: Associated with the aorta and inferior vena cava; receive lymph from the
previously listed nodes

Pelvic ligaments

• The ligaments of the female reproductive tract can be divided into three categories:

1. Broad ligament – a sheet of peritoneum, associated with both the uterus and ovaries.

The broad ligament is a flat sheet of peritoneum, associated with the uterus,
fallopian tubes and ovaries
 It extends from the lateral pelvic walls on both sides, and folds over the internal
female genitalia, covering their surface anteriorly and posteriorly

Anatomically, the broad ligament can be divided into three regions:

Mesometrium

Mesovarium 

Mesosalpinx

• The broad ligament is related to many structures within the female pelvis - it is attached to the
uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries.

• These organs are supplied by the ovarian and uterine arteries, which are also contained within
the broad ligament.

• Three other ligaments of the female reproductive tract are located within the broad ligament:

• Ovarian ligament

• Round ligament of uterus

• Suspensory ligament of ovary (also known as the infundibulopelvic ligament)

2. Uterine ligaments – ligaments primarily associated with the uterus.

3. Ovarian ligaments – ligaments primary associated with the ovaries.

2. Obstetrics anatomy

-fetal head structures and diameters

maternal pelvis types, –

1. Gynaecoid – (female type pelvis)-wider, broader & less prominent

2. Android – longer sacrum, more narrow pubic arch& prominent ischial spines.
3. Anthropoid –oval brim, wider outlet. Labour is expected to be straight forward.
4. Platypelloid – Kidney shaped brim. Increased risk of obstructed labour

parts and diameters- The transverse diameter of the pelvic inlet is wide at 13cm.

This allows the fetus to enter the pelvic brim at an appropriate presenting diameter

The anteroposterior diameter is narrower.

- muscles that make up the pelvic floor-

I. pubococcygeus muscle
 II. bulbuspongiosus musce
III. deep transverse muscle
IV. superficial transverse muscle
V.

pelvic diaphragm mucles- A muscular basin with an opening below at the front. The muscular tissues
are supported by and enclosed in the pelvic bones.

The pelvic diaphragm consists

1.levator ani muscles 2.coccygeus muscle