Subject: ENGLISH 10

FOURTH QUARTER WEEK 3

Unit Topic: WORLD LITERATURE
Content Standard: The learner demonstrates understanding of how world literature and other text
types serve as instruments to resolve social conflicts, also how to use the language of research,
campaigns and advocacies.
Performance Standard: The learner competently presents a research report on a relevant socio-
cultural issue.
Weekly Topic:
 Literature
 Writing Techniques
 Facts and Beliefs

Target Learning Competencies:

1. Appreciate literature.
2. Distinguish what are the writing techniques.
3. Distinguish facts from beliefs.

Transfer Goal: The students on their own and in the long run will be able compose an essay about
the literature discussed.

Essential Question: How can a person appreciate and understand Afro-Asian literature?

Enduring Understanding: The students will be able to understand the Afro-Asian Literature that is
determined by composing essay about the literature discussed.
Explore

Activity 1: Pre-assessment
Directions: Write F if the statement is fact and B if belief.
1. The capital of Ukraine is Kiev/Kyiv.
2. The third president of the United States was Thomas Jefferson.
3. Bali tigers are extinct.
4. Sir Ian McKellan played Gandalf in the Lord of the Rings and the Hobbit franchises.
5. King John of England signed the Magna Carta in 1215.

Activity 2: Listener’s Plug

Answer Listener’s Plug
Crosscurrents 8 p. 159

Activity 3: Word Tablet

Answer Word Tablet
Crosscurrents 8 pp. 160-162

Activity 4: Think Tank

Answer Think Tank
Crosscurrents 8 p. 162

Activity 5: Reading Time

Reading Text: A Just Judge by Leo Tolstoy
Crosscurrents 8 p. 163-165

Activity 6: Interpreting Meaning

Answer Interpreting Meaning
Crosscurrents 8 pp. 166-167

Activity 7: Let’s Try…

Answer the question:
1. What is/are your writing techniques in writing?
2. What are the techniques you apply?

Activity 8: Interactive Lecture and Discussion

English Writing Techniques

You can use several different writing techniques to make your writing more engaging and exciting and

keep your audiences reading until the end of your pieces. The list below includes just a few literary

and narrative techniques you can try the next time you’re writing and you want to try something new.

Alliteration and assonance

To tell a tale that tantalizes the throngs, try alliteration, which refers to using the same sound, usually
a consonant, at the beginnings of words near each other in a sentence. Conversely, assonance is the
use of vowel sounds within words near each other in a sentence, such as the long ‘e’ and ‘i’ sounds in
‘The Raven’ by Edgar Allen Poe: ‘Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary…’

Hyperbole
Hyperbole is the best, most exciting literary technique authors can use. Well, not really. It involves
using exaggeration to make a point or get an idea across to your reader. Have you ever heard
someone say they had to ‘wait forever’ for something to happen? They were using hyperbole. We can
find an example of hyperbole in W.H. Auden’s ‘As I Walked One Evening’: ‘I’ll love you, dear, I’ll love
you / Till China and Africa meet’. China and Africa would never meet in the narrator’s lifetime; thus,
he’s using exaggeration to show that he will love the person he’s speaking to for his entire lifetime.
Metaphors
For writers, finding a way to compare two things is sometimes a battle. Luckily, they can use
metaphors, which are figures of speech in which writers describe or refer to something by mentioning
something else. The connection between the two things referred to in the metaphor might not be
readily apparent. Writers have been using metaphors to compare things to each other for a very long
time; for example, Shakespeare wrote the famous metaphor ‘All the world’s a stage’. The world isn’t
literally a stage; he’s comparing the world to a stage on which men and women are actors, making
the line a metaphor.

Similes
Similes are like metaphors, except similes must include a connecting word such as ‘like’ or ‘as’ (you
can remember this rule by remembering that ‘simile’ and ‘as’ both have the letter ‘s’ in them); a
metaphor, on the other hand, just says that one thing is another thing. A famous example of a simile
is from the poem ‘A Red, Red Rose’ by Robert Burns: ‘O my luve’s like a red, red rose, / That’s newly
sprung in June’.

Personification
Engaging text jumps off the page and ensnares readers. Using personification, which involves giving
a thing, idea, animal, or anything else that isn’t human qualities that are normally associated with
people (e.g. text can’t jump). A famous example of personification comes from E.B. White’s
Charlotte’s Web: ‘“You have been my friend,” replied Charlotte, “That in itself is a tremendous thing.”’
In this book, Charlotte, a spider, is given the human ability to speak; note that the personification of
animals is sometimes referred to as anthropomorphism.

Foreshadowing
Many great authors have used foreshadowing, a technique in which a writer includes hints in the text
letting readers know what will happen at the end of the story. These hints can be very clear and
forthright, or they can be exceedingly subtle. In an example of very clear foreshadowing, JRR Tolkien
included this text in his book The Hobbit, when Gandalf tells Bilbo Baggins and his party: ‘Be good,
take care of yourselves—and DON’T LEAVE THE PATH’. Of course, Bilbo and his companions leave
the path, which readers can see coming due to the emphasis Tolkien used in the original warning.
Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet includes numerous instances of foreshadowing; as one example,
we can refer to Romeo’s line, ‘My life were better ended by their hate, than death prorogued, wanting
of thy love’. This subtly references the end of the play, in which Romeo and Juliet both end their lives
due to their family’s efforts to keep them apart.
Activity 9: Comprehension Check
Write atleast 5 sentences for each writing technique.

Activity 10: Test Me…

Write a short essay entitled “My Interest” using the different writing techniques.

Activity 11: Analyze Me!

Students will try to answer the following questions.

Activity 12: Interactive Lecture and Discussion

Activity 13: Answer Me…

Transfer

Activity 14: Group Activity

The class will be divided into three groups. Each Group will compose an essay about the literature
discussed.

Composition and presentation will be graded according to the following criteria:

Oral Presentation Grading Criteria
Score Criteria Details
Delivery Voice Enunciation, inflection, projection, tone
4 points Pacing ·        Easy to listen to; vocal dynamics support content
Body Language Speed of ideas and speech
Preparation  Eye contact, gesture, posture
Fluency, little dependence on notes
 
Organization Introduction  Opening gambits, engaging audience, providing background info, clarifying purpose 
4 points Division of themes 
Conclusion 
Discourse Logic in order of presenters;  clear links between sections 

Reinforcing, summary 
Coherence, logic, focus, continuity of thought
Content Depth Adjusted for audience
4 points Level Information load, relevance
Authority Convincing, sources noted & quoted appropriately
Terminology Explanation of key terms
Language Communicative force Appropriate usage, style and structure
4 points Pronunciation Clarity and intelligibility
 Grammar Accuracy
Vocabulary  Choice 
   
Audience Audience Participation  Ability to engage audience 
4 points Judging Understanding Using interactive techniques 
Depersonalization  Responding appropriately to questions
  Evaluating listeners’ knowledge and using it 
Maintaining objectivity

20 points