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Volume-6, Issue-2, March-April 2016

International Journal of Engineering and Management Research
Page Number: 722-724

Intelligent Reverse Braking System by using Artificial Neutral Networks

Prof. Abhay Bendekar1, Prof. Abhijit Samanta2 , Prof. Arif Upletawala3 , Prof. Anup Chavan4
1,2,3,4
Department of Mechanical Engineering, INDIA

ABSTRACT system’s performance.

Braking is nothing but bringing a moving
vehicle or moving body to a stop. Nowadays safety is
an important feature in the automotive industry. The
intelligent braking system is the next step to automation.
Presently cars have the alarm system where when the car
gets too close to an object an alarm is triggered which
warns the driver about an object close by. But this
feature has produced lot of problems and is prone to
human error. We have enhanced the facility by using the
same system but we have altered it so that the car brakes
automatically when an obstacle is close by.
The aim is to design and develop a control
system based on intelligent electronically controlled
automotive braking system is called “Intelligent Reverse
Braking System”. Sensor Operated Pneumatic Brake
consists of opto transmitter and Receiver circuit,
Control Unit, Pneumatic breaking system. The opto
sensor is used to detect the obstacle. There is any
obstacle in the path, the opto sensor senses the
obstacle and giving the control signal to the breaking
system. The pneumatic breaking system is used to break
the system. So basically here the car brakes on its own by
determining the distance from the object.
Actual sophisticated systems for controlling
of vehicle’s braking system operate in that way to
correct it’s output performances in order to solve
problems that may occur during braking process.
These systems, like ABS, ESP, BAS or EBD, are
electronically controlled “add-on” systems that
improve control of the vehicle in heavy breaking
situation and also, hold vehicle’s stability. ABS and ESP
control philosophy offer possibilities for further
innovative solutions for intelligent controlling of
passenger vehicle’s braking system’s performances.
Since these systems operate correctively, predictive
abilities for controlling of braking systems
performance should be provided. Intelligent control
of braking system’s operation can be considered as a
critical point for further improving of passenger
vehicles braking systems operation and active safety in
general.
II. PRIOR APPROACH

Keywords--- Banking system, Control system, Automotive braking systems were always
Temperature given the highest importance concerning safety
issues and in particular active safety. The
demands imposed to the automotive braking
system, under wide range of operating conditions, are
I. INTRODUCTION high and manifold. It is expected that the friction
coefficient should be relatively high but also stable.
The ever-increasing demands imposed to The braking system performance is mostly
very complex systems such as a braking system of determined by brakes performance. The basic
passenger car, require highly sophisticated controllers requirements imposed to the automotive brakes are
to ensure that high performance can be achieved and related to the values and stability of the friction
maintained under adverse conditions. To address the coefficient versus different brake’s operation
control demands of such complex system it is conditions defined by changing of pressure
possible to enhance today’s control methods using application and/or sliding speed and/or temperature.
intelligent control systems and techniques. Intelligent Taking into consideration that the
control systems, applied on vehicle’s braking automotive brake’s performance results from the
system, should be able to perform the following complex process in the contact of the friction pair, it is
functions: obviously that overall performances of automotive
(i) Learning from past experience of braking systems braking system depends on the brake’s operation and in
operation. turn, friction pair’s performances. The complexity of
(ii) Modeling and accordingly predicting of braking the friction pair’s contact is mainly affected by

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physical and chemical characteristics of friction breaking arrangement activated. The breaking
materials components, manufacturing technology and arrangement is used to break the wheel gradually or
by brake’s operating regimes. Due to highly nonlinear suddenly due to the piston movement. The breaking
phenomena involved in the contact of friction pair speed is varied by adjusting the valve is called“flow
into, it is very difficult obtain analytical models of control valve”.
brakes operation. In our project, we have to apply this
breaking arrangement in one wheel as a model. The
III. OUR APPROACH compressed air drawn from the compressor in our
project. The compressed air flow through the
A conceptual solution for intelligent Polyurethane tube to the flow control valve. The flow
controlling of passenger car’s braking system has control valve is connected to the solenoid valve.
been proposed. Since the neural networks have been
applied very successfully in the identification and
control of dynamic systems, in this paper an
artificial neural networks have be used for modeling of
brake’s operation, as it is pointed in as a basis for
further development of an intelligent control strategy
of the braking systems. Therefore, intelligent
controlling of brakes performance in this paper has
been based on the developed neural models of the
brakes operation. That neural model of brakes
operation is a further used for designing a neural
controller of braking system operation. The neural
controller’s main objective would be to provide more
accurate control of braking system’s performances by
selecting the appropriate application pressures of the
brakes. Selected application pressures of the brakes
have to correspond to the deceleration level selected
by the driver and achieved brakes’ performance as a
result of real brakes’ operation. Thus, the brakes’
performance can be drastically changed under different
influencing factors, controlling of their performance
cannot be left only to the drivers and/or
sophisticated electronic transmission abilities.
Obviously, such a complex task imposed to the
control of automotive braking systems’ performance
should be more intelligently resolved.

IV. WORKING
The important components of our project are,
(i) OPTO transmitter
(ii) OPTO receiver
(iii) Control Unit with Power supply
(iv) Solenoid Valve
(v) Flow control Valve
(vi) Air Tank (Compressor)
The opto transmitter circuit is to transmit the
light rays. If any obstacle is there in a path, the light
rays reflected. This reflected light rays are received
by the receiver circuit is ca led “opto receiver”.
The light receiver circuit receives the
reflected light rays and giving the control signal to
the control circuit. The control circuit is used to
activate the solenoid valve. If the solenoid valve is
activated, the compressed air passes to the single
acting pneumatic cylinder. The compressed air
activates the pneumatic cylinder and moves the piston
rod.
If the piston moves forward, then the

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V. RESULT speed, brake application pressure, temperature in the

1. DC Motor
(i) Power = 15 watt
(ii) Speed = 1800 rpm
(iii) No of stages = 2
(iv) Ration of gear = 1st stage = 1: 22
= 2nd stage = 1: 3.4
2. Bearing
(i) Name = Pedestal bearing
(ii) Series no = P204
(iii) Diameter (d) = 20 mm
3. Cylinder
(i) Type = Double acting cylinder
(ii) Material = Aluminium
(iii) Tensile stress = 210 N/mm2
(iv) P = 15 bar
(v) Internal diameter (di) = 15 mm (vi) Outer
diameter (do) = 21 mm (vii) Stroke length = 50 mm
(viii) Thickness = 2.23 mm
4. Shaft and Frame
(i) Material = Mild Steel C-45 (0.45%of Carbon)
(ii) σut = 320 N/mm2
(iii) σt = 160 N/mm2
(iv) T = 80 N/mm2
5 5/2 Directional control valve
(i) Operating = Plunger operated
6/ Solenoid valve
(ii) 12V DC
VI. CONCLUSION
One of the major prospective of the project was
to build a braking system that would ensure the safty
of the driver as well as the pedestrians waking on the
road. After finishing the project we can conclude that at
limited cost we have build a system that would fulfill
all the above requirements. As electric components
are used, it gives high accuracy while the
mechanical component gives good stability to the
system. The operation of the whole system is quite
simple and its installation is also easy. As basic
electronics components are used the power
consumption of the whole system quite less. Even if
the driver is less skilled such type of system is sufficient
to operate, hence it is a boon to the driver as well as on
road people.
VII. FUTURE SCOPE
According to proposed strategy for the
intelligent braking system’s controlling, the basic
precondition is related to establishing deceleration level
which is the most appropriate to actual driving
conditions and other influencing factors i.e. vehicle’s
contact of friction pair. The control of braking
system’s performance should be based on selecting
appropriate control input i.e. breaks application
pressures at every sampling instant.
A suggested solution of the neural controller of
braking system operation has to use a continuously
learning mechanism in order to compare realized
performances of braking system i.e. its brakes with a
model of brakes’ operation and in such a way to modify
their performance. Suggested intelligent control of
braking systems of passenger vehicles would be an
“add-on” system, and its application does not impose
any restriction concerning existing ABS or ESP
devices already used in vehicles. It has a task to
enable solution to the problem of the better control of
braking system operation in a more accurate way then it
was the case now a day, by means of overtaking
responsibility for controlling the braking systems i.e.
brakes’ operation of the passenger vehicles.
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