EMBEDDED SYSTEM

IN
AUTOMOBILES

PRESENTED BY :
SAI CHARAN BAGILI
ROLL NO:18JJ1A0338
EMBEDDED SYSTEM :

 A combination of hardware and software

which together forma component of a larger
machine.
 An example of an embedded system is a
microscope that controls an automobile
engine.
 An embedded system is designed to run on
its own without human interventions and
may be required to respond to events in real
time.
CHARACTERISTICS OF EMBEDDED
SYSTEMS
 Sophisticated functionality
often have to run sophisticated algorithms or multiple algorithms.
Often provide sophisticated user interfaces.
 Real-time operation
✓ Must finish operations by deadlines.
Hard real time : missing deadline causes failure.
Soft real time : missing deadline results in degraded performance.
✓ Many systems are multi-rate: must handle operations at widely
varying rates.
 Low manufacturing cost.
 Low power.
 Designed to tight deadlines by small teams.
 APPLICATIONS IN AUTOMOTIVE
SYSTEM
 Airbags
 Traction control
 Automatic parking
 Anti-lock brake
 Adaptive cruise
 Heads-up display control
 Night vision
 Tire pressure monitor
 AIR BAGS
Principle of function
• It is from the Newton's 2nd law of motion • It
basically restrains the continuous motion of the
passenger, by giving a soft surface to land on.
• AIR BAGS are among the most important safety
improvements added to cars and light trucks in
recent years, providing extra protection for front-
seat occupants in head-on crashes.
• And of late, every passengers protection
 AIR BAG WORKING
Before impact After impact
 MECHANISM
 During a crash, the vehicle's crash sensors
provide crucial information to the airbag
electronic controller unit (ECU), including
collision type, angle, and severity of impact.

 Using this information, the airbag ECU's crash algorithm

determines if the crash event meets the criteria for
deployment and triggers various firing circuits to deploy one
or more airbag modules within the vehicle.

 Airbag module deployments are triggered through

a pyrotechnic process that is designed to be consist of
compressed-air cylinders that are triggered in the event of a
side-on vehicle impact.
ANTI LOCK BRAKING
SYSTEM
The antilock braking system is designed to prevent wheels locking or skidding,
no matter how hard brakes are applied, or how slippery the road surface.

The primary components of the ABS braking system are:

1. Electronic control unit (ECU)
2. Hydraulic control unit or modulator Power booster & master cylinder assembly
3. Wheel sensor unit.
 PRINCIPLE OF FUNCTIONING
 Wheel-speed sensors detect whether a wheel is showing a
tendency to lock-up

 In case of a lock-up tendency, the electronic control unit

reduces the braking pressure individually at the wheel
concerned

 High-speed correction of the braking pressure up to shortly

before the lock-up threshold

 The brake-fluid return together with the closed-loop brake

circuits makes this a safe, reliable, and cost-effective system
WORKING OF ABS
 TRACTION CONTROL SYSTEM

 The traction control system is required to prevent driver

error from overloading any of the four wheels and causing
slip, through either throttle or brake application.
 Drastically improve vehicle performance and safety by
maintaining optimal wheel traction in all road conditions.
 PRINCIPLE
 The basic principle is always the adaptation of the
wheel torque to the coefficient of friction between the
wheel and the road surface.

 It regulates the distribution of torque to each wheel of

the vehicle.

 It also ensures the break pressure is electronically

controlled at each wheel to suppress wheel spin and
maintain optimum traction.
 CONCLUSION
• In the recent years, more and more equipment in automotive are
changing from mechanical systems to electronic systems.

• Embedded system is a core of vehicle electronic systems because of

its flexibility and versatility

• The electronics revolution has influenced almost every aspect of

automotive design including the fuel combustion, crash protection
and the creation of a comfortable cabin and nearly wireless
environment.

• It is necessary to pay more attention to the fields of environments,

safety and security, which are the most significant and challenge
field of automotive embedded system design.
THANK YOU