AUTOMATIC HEAD LIGHT ALLIGNMENT AND AUTOMATIC

HAND BRAKE RELEASE

ABSTRACT

The topic of this project is steering controlled (or directional) headlights, that are usually a
separate set of headlights fitted to road vehicles beside the usual low beam/high beam headlights
and their feature is that they turn with the steering, so that the driver of the vehicle can see the
bend, what he is actually turning into. These type of headlights appeared on production cars in
the 1920’s and are still around nowadays, but not very popular, although they make night time
driving safer. The most famous car which featured these lights was the Citroen DS (1955-1975),
introduced on the 1968 Paris Motor Show. The headlights can be connected to the steering
linkage by means of rods or cables, operated hydraulically by the power steering or nowadays
electronically adjusted, even controlled by satellite navigation system.
“AUTOMATIC HAND BREAK RELEASE” is nothing but one of the breaking systems in
automobile at the time of vehicle switch off condition. In this breaking system motorized
operated one. In this project, the control unit is received the signal from the key switch. The key
switch is ‘ON’ at the time of vehicle start condition. The first time clutch is applied so that the
motor is rotating in forward direction for 2 sec to release the break (Already wheel is on braking
condition). The key switch is ‘OFF’ the motor is rotating in reward direction for 2 sec to
applying the break.
 1. INTRODUCTION

AUTOMATIC HEAD LIGHT ALLIGNMENT

A headlamp is a lamp attached to the front of a vehicle to light the road ahead. While it is
common for the term headlight to be used interchangeably in informal discussion, headlamp is
the term for the device itself, while headlight properly refers to the beam of light produced and
distributed by the device. Headlamp performance has steadily improved throughout the
automobile age, spurred by the great disparity between daytime and nighttime traffic fatalities:
the US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration states that nearly half of all traffic-
related fatalities occur in the dark, despite only 25% of traffic travelling during darkness. Other
vehicles, such as trains and aircraft, are required to have headlamps. Bicycle headlamps are often
used on bicycles, and are required in some jurisdictions. They can be powered by a battery or a
miniature generator.

This is an era of automation where it is broadly defined as replacement of manual effort by

mechanical power in all degrees of automation. The operation remains an essential part of the
system although with changing demands on physical input as the degree of mechanization is
increased.
Degrees of automation are of two types, viz.

 Full automation.
 Semi automation.
IMPORTANCE

Car safety is the avoidance of automobile accidents or the minimization of harmful effects of
accidents, in particular as pertaining to human life and health. Special safety features have been
built into cars for years, some for the safety of car's occupants only, and some for the safety of
others.
AUTOMATIC HAND BRAKE RELEASE

We have pleasure in introducing our new project “AUTOMATIC HAND BRAKE

RELEASE”, which is fully equipped by automatic system. It is a genuine project which is fully
equipped and designed for Automobile vehicles. This forms an integral part of best quality. This
product underwent strenuous test in our Automobile vehicles and it is good.

In cars, the parking brake, also called hand brake, emergency brake, or e-brake, is a latching
brake usually used to keep the vehicle stationary. It is sometimes also used to prevent a vehicle
from rolling when the operator needs both feet to operate the clutch and throttle pedals.
Automobile hand brakes usually consist of a cable directly connected to the brake mechanism on
one end and to a lever or foot pedal at the driver's position. The mechanism is often a hand-
operated lever (hence the hand brake name), on the floor on either side of the driver, or a pull
handle located below and near the steering wheel column, or a (foot-operated) pedal located far
apart from the other pedals.

Although sometimes known as an emergency brake, using it in any emergency where the
footbrake is still operational is likely to badly upset the brake balance of the car and vastly
increase the likelihood of loss of control of the vehicle, for example by initiating a rear-wheel
skid. Additionally, the stopping force provided by using the handbrake is small and would not
significantly aid in stopping the vehicle. The parking brake operates mostly on the rear wheels,
which have reduced traction while braking but in some cases, parking brake operates on front
wheel, as done in most Citroens manufactured since the end of World War II. The hand brake is
instead intended for use in case of mechanical failure where the regular footbrake is inoperable
or compromised. Modern brake systems are typically very reliable and equipped with dual-
circuit hydraulics and low-brake-fluid sensor systems, meaning the handbrake is rarely used to
stop a moving vehicle.

This gave birth to ideas of electric parking brake techniques. The fundamental function of the
electric parking brake (EPB) is to activate and release the parking brake when the vehicle is at a
standstill. In first generation of electric parking brake fitted, a switch on the instrument panel
replaces the traditional handbrake lever used to operate the mechanical parking brake. This
switch utilizes an electronic control unit (ECU) to trigger electromechanical actuators within the
wheel brakes or central actuator that operates the rear wheel brake via a Bowden cable.[1]
Further, for reducing drivers effort and reminding for application of parking brake, there was a
demand for a completely automated parking brake system, which will be fulfilled by the
upcoming ideas of mechatronic. This paper is based on the development of one such system,
involving the concepts of automobile, mechanical and electronics, known as Electromechanical
parking brake. Hence, there is great demand for an electronic applied mechanism, with
automation for actuation of the parking brake. It should also save space, reduce overall weight,
complication in linkages, less mechanical parts prone to wear and tear, good responsive
technique, high durability, very less or no involvement of human, easy to repair and economic.
The EMPB system helps to enhance driving safety and comfort and provides greater freedom in
interior design and packaging. EMPB eliminates the need for a
parking brake lever or pedal and improves vehicle styling, space management and
crashworthiness.[2] The EMPB system is composed of one electro-mechanical actuator
integrated into the disc brake caliper and a controller with redundant connections to the power
supply, which is controlled inside the vehicle’s cabin by a simple rocker switch. EPB is
electronically controlled, and features can be designed easily through software giving an
enhanced level of freedom for driver comfort- and safety functionality.

IMPORTANCE

Conventional parking brake actuation involves the human interference. Without pulling or
pushing the lever, the parking brake will not work. Also, sometimes due to negligence or in
emergency conditions, we humans often forget to apply parking brakes. This may lead to rolling
of vehicle in case of slopes and collision with other vehicles in parking area. Constant
enhancements in active safety and improvements with respect to the reliability and comfort of
operation mean that mechanical handbrakes are increasingly being replaced by
electromechanical systems.
 1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT

DESIGN and DEVELOP the model of vehicle which will have the vehicle safety system of
combining two systems of automatic head lamp alignment system for directional head lights and
second the automatic hand brake release which helps for automatic parking brake activation and
release on slopes.
Also to fabricate the model of the same which would able to show the characteristics of both the
systems and their individual; working according to need.
 1.2 OBJECTIVES

1. To provide smooth and safety ride.

2. To provide safe and automatic braking of vehicles on slopes.
3. To provide the nation with an accident free roads. With Low Cost Automation Project
4. The head lamp aligns in two directions (Left, right).
5. To design and develop the model of showing both the systems.
6. The fabricate the model which will work on these two systems for the vehicle safety
conditions.
 1.3 SCOPE

We've all been there. A dark night, a sharp bend, and a pedestrian wearing dark clothes hiding in
the shadows. If only there was some way that the headlights could 'see round the corner', like the
driver tries to...

The electromechanical parking brake help with automatic parking brake application based on
engine ignition condition. Safe braking is assured in slopes and hill starts with the help of
“HOLD” function .has complete automatic operation for easy drivability and safety. This system
also gets some advanced options like hold function in head to head traffic and inclined roads,
which would promise the drivers and vehicle owners with a safe pleasure drive and stops.
 1.4 METHODOLOGY

These provide improved lighting for cornering. Some automobiles have their headlamps
connected to the steering mechanism so the lights will follow the movement of the front wheels.
T NORMAL CONDITION:-The rack and pinion steering is in straight line, so that the head
light frame is in straight line. The head light frame is made up of mild steel pipe materials. AT
LEFT SIDE TURNING TIME:-`The rack and pinion steering turn the left direction, so that the
head light frame moves in the same left side by using hinges mechanism. Head light is drawn
supplies from the already charged 12 voltage lead-acid battery. AT RIGHT SIDE TURNING
TIME:-The rack and pinion steering turn the right direction, so that the head light frame moves
in the same right side by using hinges mechanism.
We've all been there. A dark night, a sharp bend, and a pedestrian wearing dark clothes hiding in
the shadows. If only there was some way that the headlights could 'see round the corner', like the
driver tries to...In this project, the control unit is received the signal from the key switch. The key
switch is ‘ON’ at the time of vehicle start condition. The first time clutch is applied so that the
motor is rotating in forward direction for 2 sec to release the break (Already wheel is on braking
condition). The key switch is ‘OFF’ the motor is rotating in reward direction for 2 sec to
applying the break. The EMPB system is a semi-automated system in which motor rotates as per
the signals from an ECU. Considering engine ignition is on and vehicle is at rest, as soon as the
engine is turned off, microcontroller senses this and sends actuating signal to motor relay. As the
motor starts to rotate (Anticlockwise), the rotary speed of motor is reduced, hence torque is
increased using gear trains and its output is supplied to lead screw which rotates in a nut, in turn
converts rotary motion to linear motion, hence pushing the brake pad against the disc and
parking brake is hence applied. In other hand, when engine is started, the microcontroller senses
this and actuates the motor to rotate in opposite direction (Clockwise), hence releasing the
parking brake.
Xenon dual-function directional headlamps for clear vision

The Citroën C5 is the first Marque vehicle to feature Xenon dual-function directional headlamps.

Fitted as standard with the Exclusive trim, the electronically controlled Xenon dual-function
directional headlamps provide improved lighting for cornering. As soon as the driver starts to
take a bend, sensors analyse the degree to which the wheels are turned, using the steering wheel
position. To optimise the lighting of the road ahead, the headlamps pivot horizontally over an
angle of around 15° to the right or to the left (8° for the headlamp on the outside of the bend and
up to 15° for the headlamp on the inside). Lighting up areas that were previously in darkness,
these smart headlamps clearly improve visibility at night or in bad weather and allow the driver
to see the road conditions, as well as to distinguish other road users and possible obstacles – an
important advantage in terms of safety.
Specifically, the directional headlamps of the new feature an elliptical bi-xenon directional
headlamp, active in both the low-beam and high-beam positions, and a long-range complex-
shape halogen completing the high-beam function for excellent visibility.

The design is made so that it can be applied to 350 kg vehicle. The EMPB system works
satisfactorily on ignition conditions. The HOLD and release functions also works in an
acceptable manner. It is seen that the average response time of the EMPB system is 600-700 ms.
 2. WORKING OPERATION

Our project is to the turn the right light bracket to the right, when the vehicle turns to right
leaving the left bracket to remain in standstill position, and vice versa. When the steering steers
to the right, a sprocket attached to the steering rod rotates which in turn connected to the other
sprocket through a chain. The sizes of the sprockets were designed in such a way that, if the
smaller sprocket rotates four full complete rotations the larger sprocket will rotate once. Also the
small gear, which is attached to the same shaft as of the larger sprocket, also rotates along with
the sprocket. A larger gear of the former is chosen, which is twice its diameter, is meshed to
transmit the motion. After this, the rotation of cam is achieved by fixing the cam in the same
shaft of the larger gear. The spherical edged follower is attached to the cam is used to convert the
rotary motion of cam into reciprocating motion. So the right light bracket moves according to the
movement of the follower. At the same time, the cam at the other end remains in the dwell
period, which results in the stand still position of the light brackets. The light bracket will returns
back to its original position, using the spring mechanism attached to it. When the vehicle turns to
left, the left bracket alone turns to the left leaving the right light  bracket in standstill position
“AUTOMATIC HAND BREAK RELEASE” is nothing but one of the breaking systems in
automobile at the time of vehicle switches off condition. In this breaking system motorized
operated one.

In this project, the control unit is received the signal from the key switch. The key switch
is ‘ON’ at the time of vehicle start condition. The first time clutch is applied so that the motor is
rotating in forward direction for 2 sec to release the break (Already wheel is on braking
condition). The key switch is ‘OFF’ the motor is rotating in reward direction for 2 sec to
applying the break.
 ADVANTAGES

1) Free from wear adjustment.

2) Reduce the manual work
3) Less skill technicians is sufficient to operate.
4) Installation is simplified very much.

DISADVANTAGES

1. Addition cost is required to install this system to four wheeler.

 APPLICATION

 Four wheeler application

 It is also implemented in two wheeler.
 This system can be used in heavy moving vehicles such as buses and trucks etc.