ABSTRACT

This paper discuss about the Four Wheel Steering System. Now-a-days, there is
development in steering system technologists are searching on the same project in
order to produce the desired automobile

To provide the smooth operation of turning vehicle, this system creates. There was
design of equipment and calculations of the required smooth operation of turning
vehicle Also, the complete knowledge about the specification, working, &
mechanism and applications of the four wheel steering is covered.

Production cars are designed to understeer and rarely do they oversteer. If a car
could automatically compensatefor an understeer/oversteer problem, the driver
would enjoy nearly neutral steering under varying operating conditions.Four-
wheel steering is a serious effort on the part of automotive design engineers to
provide near-neutral steering. Also insituations like low speed cornering, vehicle
parking and driving in city conditions with heavy traffic in tight spaces,driving
would be very difficult due to vehicle’s larger wheelbase and track width. Hence
there is a requirement of amechanism which result in less turning radius and it can
be achieved by implementing four wheel steering mechanisminstead of regular
two wheel steering.

This seminar was conducted to the different ways of providing smooth operation
of turning vehicle. The data was collected from some reference books of, Four
Wheel Steering System. Internet links. The professors have also guided us in
order to make it perfect.

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INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction of Steering

Fig.1: steering system

Steering is the collection of

components, linkages, etc. which
allow a vessel (ship, boat)
or vehicle (car, mot orcycle, bicycle) to
follow the desired course. An
exception is the case of rail transport by which rail tracks combined together
with railroad switches (and also known as 'points' in British English) provide the
steering function.

1.2 Requirement of steering-

 It should multiply the turning effort applied on the steering wheel by the
driver.
 It should be to a certain degree irreversible so that the shocks of the road
surface encountered by the wheels are not transmitted to the driver’s hand.
The mechanism should have self –rightening effect so that when the driver release
the steering wheel after negotiating the turn , the wheel should try to achieve
straight ahead position.
Four wheel steering is a method developed inautomobile industry for the effective
turning of thevehicle and to increase the manuverbility. In a typicalfront wheel
steering system the rear wheels do not turnin the direction of the curve and thus curb
on theefficiency of the steering. In four wheel steering the rearwheels turn with the
front wheels thus increasing theefficiency of the vehicle. The direction of steering
therear wheels relative to the front wheels depends on theoperating conditions. At low
speed wheel movement ispronounced, so that rear wheels are steered in theopposite

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direction to that of front wheels. At highspeed, when steering adjustments are subtle,
the frontwheels and the rear wheels turn in the same direction.
By changing the direction of the rear wheels there isreduction in turning radius of the
vehicle which isefficient in parking, low speed cornering and high speedlane
change.In city driving conditions the vehicle with higherwheelbase and track width
face problems of turning asthe space is confined, the same problem is faced in
lowspeed cornering. Usually customers pick the vehiclewith higher wheelbase and
track width for their comfortand face these problems, so to overcome this problem
aconcept of four wheel steering can be adopted in thevehicle. Four wheel steering
reduces the turning radiusof the vehicle which is effective in confined space, inthis
project four wheel steering is adopted for theexisting vehicle and turning radius is
reduced withoutchanging the dimension of the vehicle.

DESIGN

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FIG. 21: ASSEMBLY DESIGN

FIG. CATIA MODEL

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FUTURE SCOPE

Having studied how 4WS has an effect on the vehicle’s stability and driver
manoeuvrability, we now look at what the future will present us with. The successful
implementation of 4 Wheel Steering using mechanical linkages & single actuator will
result in the development of a vehicle with maximum driver manoeuvrability,
uncompressed static stability, front and rear tracking, vehicular stability at high speed
lane changing, smaller turning radius and improved parking assistance. Furthermore,
the following system does not limit itself to the benchmark used in this project, but
can be implemented over a wide range of automobiles, typically from hatchbacks to
trucks. This coupled with an overhead cost just shy of Rs. 15,000 provides one of the
most economical steering systems for improved manoeuvrability and drivers‟ ease of
access. With concepts such as “ZERO TURN” drive as used in „Tata Pixel‟ and
“360o Turning” used in „Jeep Hurricane‟, when added to this system, it will further
improve manoeuvrability and driver’s ease of access.