EFFICIENT CONTROL OF ACTIVE STEERING SYSTEM IN

CARS

ABSTRACT:

In this present work turn the steering wheel, the front wheels turn
accordingly, and the car changes direction. How that happens though is not quite
so simple. Well it used to be back in the days when cars were called horseless
carriages, but nowadays, not so much. The steering knuckles system is where the
axles themselves, which are mounted on a knuckles, out and away from the go
kart, and they actually rotate around these pivots, and cause the wheels to turn by
using of hydraulic single acting cylinder.

And also using Pascal’s law by moving of the hydraulic single acting
cylinder. In our project we had made the system so simple by including the worm
gear attachments which powers the rotation given through the steering wheel.
Along with the worm wheel setup a potentiometer is included for boosting the
power of rotation obtained from the steering wheel for the rotation of D.C motor so
it powers worm wheel arrangement to activate at normal speed for performing the
activation of the wheels for controlling of vehicle.

INTRODUCTION:

Wheel Steering System is employed in vehicles to achieve better

maneuverability at high speeds, reducing the turning circle radius of the car and to
reduce the driver’s steering effort. In most active 4-wheel steering system, the
guiding computer or electronic equipment play a major role, in our project we have
tried to keep the mechanism as much mechanical as possible which can be easy to
manufacturing and maintenance.
 This project focuses on a mechanically feasible & innovative design
involving a double rack and pinion system for rear wheels enclosed within a
casing, connected to the steering column by a combination of a bevel gear
assembly & telescopic shaft. The movement of the rear wheels is done by the
movement of the rear pinions which in turn move the newly designed spindle to
achieve the required movement of the rear wheels.

2D LAYOUT OF ACTIVE STEERING SYSTEM:

Working principle:

The working system consist of steering wheel arrangement which is

connected to an axle by means of worm and wheel attachments the axle is linked
with the wheels by means of several linkages, so the activation of the steering
wheel functions the wheel to move from left to right based up the driver
convenience. In order to increase its efficiency, the D.C motor is coupled with an
arrangement which is powered by means of potentiometer disturbances caused by
the activation of the steering wheel when the wheel gets tilted at certain angle then
the disturbances is transferred to the potentiometer which boosts the rotation and
tends to rotate the D.C motor at the required speed for the activation of worm
wheel arrangement. So handling of this system is easy and efficient when
compared to the existing one.

ADVANTAGES:

 The vehicle’s cornering behavior becomes more stable and controllable at

high speeds as well as on wet or slippery road surfaces.
 The vehicle’s response to steering input becomes quicker and more precise
throughout the vehicle’s entire speed range.
 The vehicle’s straight-line stability at high speeds is improved.
 Negative effects of road irregularities and crosswinds on the vehicle’s
stability are minimized.
 The vehicle is less likely to go into a spin even in situations in which the
driver must make a sudden and relatively large change of direction.
 By steering the rear wheels in the direction opposite the front wheels at low
speeds, the vehicle’s turning circle radius is greatly reduced. Therefore,
vehicle manufacturing on narrow roads and during parking becomes easier.

APPLICATIONS:

 For automobile application especially for four wheelers.