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Trade war: US-China trade battle in charts

By Daniele Palumbo & Ana Nicolaci da Costa
BBC News

10 May 2019

GETTY IMAGES

The trade war between the US and China - which seemed to be nearing an end - has
suddenly escalated with the threat of new tariffs.

US President Donald Trump vowed to more than double tariffs on $200bn (£153bn) of
Chinese goods on Friday and to introduce fresh ones "shortly".

Despite this, the Chinese are starting two days of negotiations with the US.

The US president's threat to raise tariffs comes amid claims Beijing is trying to row back on a
trade deal.

The world's two largest economies have already imposed duties on billions of dollars worth of
one another's goods.
A further escalation in the trade dispute would create renewed uncertainty for businesses and
consumers, hurting the world economy.

Trump threatens to hike China tariffs

The next US-China battleground

US-China trade war in 300 words

Here are some of the central issues in the US-China trade dispute:

1) How has the US trade deficit grown?

The US, which accuses China of unfair trading practices, launched a trade war against China
last year.

Not only does the US accuse China of stealing intellectual property, but it wants Beijing to
make changes to its economic policies, which it says unfairly favour domestic companies
through subsidies.

The US also wants China to buy more US goods to rein in its lofty $419bn (£321.2bn) trade
deficit with China.

The trade deficit is the difference between how much the US imports from other countries and
how much it exports. Reducing the gap is a key part of Mr Trump's trade policies.
2) What tariffs have been imposed so far?
The US imposed tariffs on $250bn worth of Chinese products last year. Beijing has
retaliated with duties on $110bn worth of American products.

Tariffs on $200bn worth of Chinese goods were due to rise to 25% from 10% at the start of
this year, but this hike was delayed.

Now, Mr Trump is saying this increase will go ahead on Friday because talks with Beijing are
progressing "too slowly".

On top of that, he has vowed to slap 25% duties on another $325bn of Chinese goods
"shortly".

3) What products could be affected?

The Chinese products hit by US tariffs since the beginning of the trade war have been wide-
ranging, from machinery to motorcycles.

In the latest round, the US imposed 10% duties on $200bn worth of Chinese products
including fish, handbags, clothing and footwear.

Those products will be the ones targeted with a tariff hike from 10% to 25%, if it goes ahead
this week.
China accuses the US of starting the biggest trade war in economic history. It has targeted US
goods ranging from chemicals, to vegetables and whiskey.

It has also strategically targeted products made in Republican districts, and goods that can be
purchased elsewhere, like soybeans.

4) Has the trade war hit the markets?

The US-China trade war has been a great source of uncertainty for financial markets over the
past year. That uncertainty has weighed on investor confidence around the world, and has
contributed to losses.

In 2018, Hong Kong's Hang Seng index fell more than 13% and the Shanghai Composite
slumped nearly 25%.

Both indices have recovered some ground this year and are up 12% and 16% respectively so
far in 2019.
By comparison, the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell nearly 6% in 2018 and is already up
some 11% this year.

The yuan fell over 5% against the US dollar last year, before broadly stabilising in 2019,
according to Reuters.

5) What other trade battles are going on?

The US-China trade war has had a knock-on effect on other countries, and the global
economy.

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) said the escalation of US-China trade tension was one
factor to have contributed to a "significantly weakened global expansion" late last year as it
cut its 2019 global growth forecast.

Some countries may also be indirectly impacted - especially those that are important trading
partners for the US or China - or play key roles in their supply chains.
The battle with China is one of a series of trade fights the US has waged with other countries
over the past year.

Mr Trump has imposed taxes on imports from Mexico, Canada and the European Union, to
encourage consumers to buy American products. All of these countries retaliated with tariffs
on US goods.

Related Topics

Trump tariffs China-US relations China economy US economy

Trade war

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