BRITISH STANDARD BS EN

1216:1999
Incorporating
Amendment No. 1

Heat exchangers —
Forced circulation
air-cooling and
air-heating coils —
Test procedures for
establishing the
performance

The European Standard EN 1216:1999, with the incorporation of

amendment A1:2002, has the status of a British Standard

ICS 27.060.30

12&23<,1*:,7+287%6,3(50,66,21(;&(37$63(50,77('%<&23<5,*+7/$:
BS EN 1216:1999

National foreword
This British Standard is the English language version of EN 1216:1999,
including amendment A1:2002. It supersedes DD ENV 1216:1994 which is
withdrawn.
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in
the text by tags !". Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number
of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is
indicated by !".
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee
RHE/30, Heat exchangers, which has responsibility to:

— aid enquirers to understand the text;

— present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the
interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests
informed;
— monitor related international and European developments and
promulgate them in the UK.

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on

request to its secretary.
Cross-references
The British Standards which implement international or European
publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue
under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or
by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British
Standards Online.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page,
pages 2 to 22, an inside back cover and a back cover.
The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the
document was last issued.

This British Standard, having

been prepared under the Amendments issued since publication
direction of the Engineering
Sector Committee, was
published under the authority Amd. No. Date Comments
of the Standards Committee
and comes into effect on
15 May 1999
14280 28 March 2003 See national foreword

© BSI 28 March 2003

ISBN 0 580 30975 4

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1216
December 1998
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM + A1
October 2002

ICS 27.060.30 Supersedes ENV 1216:1993

Descriptors: heat exchangers, definitions, symbols, performance evaluation, calorific power, measurements, installation, tests,
computation

English version

Heat exchangers — Forced circulation air-cooling and

air-heating coils — Test procedures for establishing the
performance
(includes amendment A1:2002)

Echangeurs thermiques — Wärmeaustauscher —

Batteries à aillettes à circulation forcée — Luftkühler und Lufterhitzer für erzwungene
Procédures d’essai pour la détermination des Konvektion —
performances Prüfverfahren zur Leistungsfestellung
(inclut l’amendement A1:2002) (enthält Änderung A1:2002)

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 November 1998.

Amendment A1 was approved by CEN on 14 September 2002.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal
Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and
bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained
on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French,
German). A version in any other language made by translation under the
responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the
Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
United Kingdom.

CEN
European Committee for Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation
Europäisches Komitee für Normung

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels

© 1998 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national
Members.
Ref. No. EN 1216:1998 + A1:2002 E
EN 1216:1998

Foreword Contents
This European Standard has been prepared by Page
Technical Committee CEN/TC 110, Heat Foreword 2
exchangers, the Secretariat of which is held by BSI.
0 Introduction 3
This European Standard replaces ENV 1216:1993. 1 Scope 3
This European Standard shall be given the status of 2 Normative references 3
a national standard, either by publication of an
3 Definitions 3
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest
by June 1999, and conflicting national standards 4 Symbols 8
shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 1999. 5 Standard capacity 9
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal 6 Manufacturer’s data 10
Regulations, the national standards organizations 7 Measurements 11
of the following countries are bound to implement 8 Testing methods and equipment 13
this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, 9 Test procedures 15
Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, 10 Capacity calculation 16
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, 11 Conversion to standard conditions 18
Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
12 Test report 18
Annex A (normative) Circuit diagrams 19
Foreword to amendment A1 Annex B (informative) Oil content measurement
This document EN 1216:1998/A1:2002 has been procedure 22
prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 110, Annex C (informative) Bibliography 22
Heat exchangers, the Secretariat of which is held
by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of
a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by
April 2003, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by April 2003.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal
Regulations, the national standards organizations
of the following countries are bound to implement
this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and the United Kingdom
This amendment is introduced to accommodate
newly available refrigerants such as R404A, R407C
and R410A.

2 © BSI 28 March 2003

 EN 1216:1998

0 Introduction
This European Standard is one of a series of European Standards dedicated to heat exchangers.

1 Scope
This European Standard applies to forced circulation air-cooling or air-heating coils operating:
a) with an evaporating or condensing refrigerant;
b) with a cooling or heating fluid;
c) without fans.
Operation with steam is not part of the standard.
This standard specifies uniform methods of testing under non-frosting conditions conducted on test
samples to test and ascertain the following:
— product identification;
— the capacity;
— air side pressure drop;
— fluid side pressure drop.
at standard conditions, unless otherwise stated by the user.
It is not the purpose of this standard to specify the types of test used for production or field testing.

2 Normative references

ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications.
These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply
to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references
the latest edition of publication referred to applies:
EN 45001, General criteria for the operation of testing laboratories.

3 Definitions
For the purposes of this Standard, the following definitions apply:
3.1
forced-circulation air-cooling or air-heating coil
a tubular heat exchanger, with or without extended surfaces, for use in an air flow, circulated by fans
3.1.1
forced-circulation air-cooling coil
an air-cooling coil through which a cooling fluid is circulated for the purpose of the sensible cooling, or
sensible cooling and dehumidification of a forced-circulation air flow, including all components necessary
for the distribution and collection of the cooling fluid
3.1.2
forced-circulation air-heating coil
an air-heating coil through which a heating fluid is circulated for the purpose of the sensible heating of a
forced-circulation air flow, including all components necessary for the distribution and collection of the
heating fluid
3.1.3
cooling fluid
either refrigerant or a liquid used for cooling
3.1.4
heating fluid
either refrigerant or a liquid used for heating

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EN 1216:1998

3.1.5
(primary) refrigerant
the working fluid, in a refrigeration system, that absorbs heat by evaporation at a low temperature and
rejects it by condensation at a higher temperature. In the following, the term refrigerant is used
3.1.6
liquid
a working fluid circulated through a heating or cooling system which remains liquid during the absorption
or rejection of heat
3.2 Coil dimensions
3.2.1
row
a bank of tubes that are located in a plane at right angle to the direction of the air flow
3.2.2
coil inlet area
the internal cross-sectional area of the duct containing the heat exchanger supplied by the manufacturer
3.2.3
total heat transfer surface (air side)
whole external surface of the coil which is exposed to the air flow passing through the coil
3.3 Capacity
3.3.1 Air-cooling capacity

ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ
3.3.1.1
sensible (dry) air-cooling capacity
heat flow which is rejected by the air by means of temperature drop
3.3.1.2
latent air-cooling capacity
latent heat flow which is rejected by the condensing water vapour of the air
3.3.1.3
total cooling capacity on air side
sum of the sensible and the latent capacities measured at the same time. It is equal to the enthalpy change
of the air across the air cooling coil reduced by the enthalpy flow removed by the condensed water
3.3.1.4
total cooling capacity on fluid side
heat flow absorbed by the cooling fluid, expressed as the product of the mass flow of the cooling fluid and
the difference between specific enthalpies at the outlet and inlet connections of the coil
3.3.1.5
enthalpy flow of condensate
difference between the total cooling capacities on air side and on fluid side which is equal to the specific
enthalpy of the condensate multiplied by its flow rate
3.3.2 Air-heating capacity
3.3.2.1
heating capacity on air side
heat flow absorbed by the air passing through the coil
3.3.2.2
heating capacity on fluid side
heat flow rejected by the heating fluid, expressed as the product of the mass flow of the heating fluid and
the difference between specific enthalpies at the inlet and outlet connections of the coil

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 EN 1216:1998

!3.4 pressures
NOTE All pressures are average values ascertained over the test duration, and are absolute pressures.

3.4.1
condensing pressure
the pressure of the refrigerant at the inlet connection of the condenser
3.4.2
evaporating pressure
the pressure of the refrigerant at the outlet connection of the calorimeter (applicable only to low pressure
calorimeter method)
3.5 Temperature
NOTE All temperatures are average values ascertained over the measuring period.

3.5.1 Air temperature

3.5.1.1
air inlet temperature
average dry bulb or wet bulb temperature of the air at the coil inlet, taking into consideration the local air
velocities
3.5.1.2
air outlet temperature
average dry bulb temperature of the air at the coil outlet, taking into consideration the local air velocities
3.5.2 Liquid temperature

ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ
3.5.2.1
liquid inlet temperature
average temperature of the liquid at the inlet connection of the coil, taking into consideration the local
liquid velocities
3.5.2.2
liquid outlet temperature
average temperature of the liquid at the outlet connection of the coil, taking into consideration the local
liquid velocities
3.5.3 Refrigerant temperature
3.5.3.1
evaporating temperature
dew point temperature of the refrigerant, corresponding to the evaporating pressure
3.5.3.2
condensing temperature
dew point temperature of the refrigerant corresponding to the condensing pressure
3.5.3.3
superheated vapour temperature
actual temperature of the refrigerant vapour:
a) at the air-cooling coil suction outlet connection;
b) at the air-heating coil inlet connection
3.5.3.4
subcooled refrigerant temperature
temperature of the liquid refrigerant:
a) at the inlet of the expansion device (not part of the air-cooling coil);
b) at the outlet connection of the air-heating coil"

© BSI 28 March 2003 5

EN 1216:1998

!3.5.3.5
bubble point temperature
temperature corresponding to the absolute pressure of the refrigerant at the outlet connection of the
condenser
3.6 Temperature difference
3.6.1 Operation with refrigerant
3.6.1.1
inlet temperature difference
absolute value of the difference between the air inlet dry bulb temperature and:
a) for air-cooling coils the evaporating temperature;
b) for air-heating coils the condensing temperature
3.6.1.2
superheating
difference between:
a) for air-cooling coils the superheated vapour temperature and the evaporating temperature;
b) for air-heating coils the superheated vapour temperature and the condensing temperature
3.6.1.3
subcooling
difference between the bubble point temperature and the subcooled refrigerant temperature:
a) in the case of an air-cooling coil at the inlet of the expansion device;
b) in the case of an air-heating coil at the outlet connection of the coil
3.6.2 Operation with liquid
3.6.2.1
inlet temperature difference
ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ
absolute value of the difference between air inlet temperature and liquid inlet temperature
3.6.2.2
liquid temperature difference
absolute value of the difference between liquid inlet and outlet temperature
3.6.3
air temperature difference
absolute value of the difference between air inlet and outlet temperature
3.7 high glide
refrigerant where the difference between the condensing and bubble point temperatures at a condensing
temperature of 40 °C is greater than 3 K
3.8 Air flow/velocity
3.8.1
air face velocity
air volume flow rate through the coil divided by the coil face area
3.8.2
air mass flux
air mass flow through the coil divided by the coil face area"

6 © BSI 28 March 2003

 EN 1216:1998

!3.9 Pressure drop

3.9.1
air side pressure drop
static pressure difference between the air inlet and outlet of the coil
3.9.2
fluid side pressure drop
static pressure difference of the fluid between the inlet and outlet connections of coil
3.10 Specific enthalpy
3.10.1
air specific enthalpy
specific enthalpy corresponding to the dry bulb temperature and the dew point or wet bulb temperature
3.10.2
liquid specific enthalpy
product of the temperature and the specific heat capacity of the liquid
3.10.3 Refrigerant specific enthalpy
3.10.3.1
refrigerant inlet specific enthalpy
specific enthalpy is the specific enthalpy of the refrigerant at the inlet connection of the coil:
— for air heating coils defined as the specific enthalpy of the refrigerant corresponding to the condensing
pressure and the superheated vapour temperature;

ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ
— for air cooling coils defined as the specific enthalpy of the liquid refrigerant at the inlet of the
expansion device corresponding to the subcooled refrigerant temperature
3.10.3.2
refrigerant outlet specific enthalpy
specific enthalpy is the specific enthalpy of the refrigerant at the outlet connection of the coil:
— for air heating coils defined as the specific enthalpy of the refrigerant corresponding to the subcooled
refrigerant temperature;
— for air cooling coils defined as the specific enthalpy of the refrigerant corresponding to the evaporating
pressure and the superheated vapour temperature
3.11
specific enthalpy difference
difference in the specific enthalpy at the inlet of the coil and the specific enthalpy at the outlet of the coil"

© BSI 28 March 2003 7

EN 1216:1998

4 Symbols
For the purpose of this European Standard, the following apply:
4.1 Letters

cpA specific heat capacity of air under test conditions kJ/(kgK)

cpW specific heat capacity of air side condensate kJ/(kgK)
hA specific enthalpy of air kJ/kg
hF specific enthalpy of fluid at coil connections kJ/kg
hL specific enthalpy of liquid at coil connections kJ/kg
hR0 specific enthalpy of refrigerant at the inlet of the expansion device kJ/kg
hR specific enthalpy of refrigerant at the coil connections kJ/kg
hW vaporization heat of water at 0 °C (hW = 2500,4) kJ/kg
Plat measured latent cooling capacity kW
Psens measured sensible cooling capacity kW
PtotA measured total cooling or heating capacity on the air side kW
PtotF measured total cooling or heating capacity on the fluid side kW
PtotL measured total cooling or heating capacity on the liquid side kW
PtotR measured total cooling or heating capacity on the refrigerant side kW
Ptot measured total cooling or heating capacity kW
PW measured capacity on the air side condensates kW
patm
pe
pc
atmospheric pressure
evaporating pressure
condensing pressure
ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ hPa
kPa
kPa
pL liquid pressure at the coil connections kPa
PR0 refrigerant pressure at expansion device inlet (air cooling coils) kPa
PR2 refrigerant pressure at the coil outlet (for heating coils with refrigerant) kPa
qmA mass flow rate of dry air kg/s
qmF mass flow rate of fluid kg/s
qmL mass flow rate of liquid kg/s
qmR mass flow rate of refrigerant kg/s
qmW mass flow rate of air side condensate kg/s
tA air temperature (dry bulb) °C
tc condensing temperature °C
te evaporating temperature °C
tL liquid temperature °C
tMR temperature of the refrigerant at the flow measuring point °C
tML temperature of the liquid at the flow measuring point °C
tR0 refrigerant temperature at the inlet of the expansion device (air cooling coils) °C
tR1 refrigerant inlet temperature (air heating coils) °C
tR2 refrigerant outlet temperature °C
tW air side condensate temperature °C
tdp air dewpoint temperature °C
tWb air wet bulb temperature °C
VA air face velocity m/s
VmA air mass flux kg/(s.m2)

8 © BSI 28 March 2003

 EN 1216:1998

X mass of water vapour per kg of dry air (vapour content) kg/kg

Z test duration s
pA air side pressure drop Pa
pL liquid side pressure drop Pa
pF fluid side pressure drop Pa
∆t1 inlet temperature difference K
∆t2 difference between air inlet wet bulb temperature and liquid inlet or evaporating
temperature K
∆tL liquid temperature difference K
∆tsub subcooling K
∆tsup superheating K
4.2 Subscripts

1 refers to inlet;
2 refers to outlet.

4.3 Superscripts

(st) refers to standard conditions

5 Standard capacity
5.1 Basis for standard-capacity data
The capacity of a given forced-circulation air-cooling or air-heating coil is dependent on:
a) inlet temperature and the moisture content of the entering air;
b) mass flow of air and of the cooling or heating fluid;
c) inlet and outlet conditions of the cooling or heating fluid.
Therefore the capacities of a forced-circulation air-cooling or air-heating coil are to be given for specific
operating conditions.
5.2 Standard conditions for coil capacity
As coils may be used in a wide range of applications, conditions shall be specified for each particular case
with minimum values of:
∆tL = 5 K;
∆t1 = 10 K;
∆t2 = 7 K.
Table 1 provides a set of standard conditions, which can be used for comparison purposes.

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EN 1216:1998

! Table 1 — Standard conditions for comparison purposes

Cooling Heating
Air side conditions Temperature:
Dry bulb (°C) 27 27 20 20 35
Wet bulb (°C) 24 19 10 — —
Mass flux [kg/(s.m2)] 2,93 2,92 2,91 4,80 4,54
Liquid Liquid type = water: — — — — —
Inlet temperature (°C) 7 7 7 50 —
Outlet temperature (°C) 12 12 12 40 —
Fluid side Refrigerant Evaporating temperature (°C) 8 8 8 — —
conditions Condensing temperature (°C) — — — 40 55
Superheating (K) 8 8 8 a a

Subcooled liquid temperature (°C) 30 30 30 k3 k3

Subcooling (K) — — — k1 % k1 %
Oil content k1 % k1 % k1 % — —
a Superheating temperature, %tsup for common refrigerants shall be determined according to:
R134A 25K
NH3 50K
R404A 25K
R407C 35K
R410A 40K

"

6 Manufacturer’s data
The manufacturer or supplier shall supply to the test house the following minimum information for every
air-cooling or air-heating coil, to identify the air-heating or air-cooling coil and allow its traceability:
a) manufacturer’s identification;
b) type, model and size (designation);
c) name of fluid used;
d) mounting instructions, maximum working pressure;
e) number of rows;
f) tube nominal outside diameter;
g) tube spacing in direction of air flow;
h) tube spacing in a row perpendicular to the air flow;
i) tube row alignment, parallel or staggered;
j) tube material and thickness;
k) number of circuits;
l) cool circuit arrangement diagram;
m) direction of air flow (horizontal, vertical, oblique);
n) internal volume;
and where applicable:
o) connection sizes and type;
p) nominal fin thickness;
q) fin spacing;
r) fin material;
s) oil type.

10 © BSI 28 March 2003

 EN 1216:1998

7 Measurements
7.1 Uncertainty of measurements
The testing equipment shall meet the requirements for uncertainty of measurements given in Table 2.
Table 2 — Uncertainty of measurements
Measurement Uncertainty of measurement
Air temperature (dry bulb, dewpoint [see 7.2.2]) ±0,2 K
Liquid temperature and temperature difference ±0,1 K
Refrigerant temperature ±0,2 K
Ambient air temperature ±0,2 K
Refrigerant pressure Sufficiently small for the related refrigerant
temperature to be obtained within ±0,2 K
Atmospheric pressure ±5 hPa
Air side condensate flow rate ±1 % or 3 g/h whichever is greater
Air flow rate ±2 % of the measured value
Liquid flow rate ±1 % of the measured value
Refrigerant flow rate ±2 % of the measured value
Air side pressure drop ±5 % or 2 Pa whichever is greater
Fluid side pressure drop ±5 % or 1 Pa whichever is greater
Time interval ±0,1 % of the reading or ±2 s whichever is smaller
Mass ±0,5 % of the measured value
!Refrigerant mixture ±1 % by mass for each refrigerant component"

7.2 Measurement criteria

7.2.1 Air temperature
The air inlet and air outlet temperature shall be measured in the centre of equal sections of the heat
exchanger inlet area. There shall be a minimum of four sections.
The use of any other method of measurement is acceptable provided the same accuracy is obtained.
Temperature sensing elements shall be shielded against thermal radiation.
7.2.2 Moisture content
In the case of air-cooling coils with dehumidification, the moisture content shall be measured and
controlled accurately, because the latent capacity is very sensitive to its value. Dewpoint temperature
measurement is recommended. There is no objection to the use of other methods of measurement if the
same accuracy is obtained. If the wet bulb temperature is measured, the uncertainty of measurement shall
be sufficiently small for the dew point temperature to be calculated to within ±0,2 K.
The measurement plane for the moisture content shall be located as close as possible to the measurement
plane for the air temperature.
7.2.3 Air pressure drop
The static pressure measurement upstream and downstream of the coil can be performed with a Pitot tube
traverse inserted in the duct line.
The use of any other method of determining the air pressure drop is acceptable provided the same accuracy
is obtained.
7.2.4 Air velocity
The air velocity measured evenly over an area not less than 75 % of the total duct area, whose boundary is
parallel with the duct wall for a rectangular duct or concentric with the duct for a circular duct, and
equidistant about the centre line of the duct, shall not vary by more than ±5 % from the mean value.

© BSI 28 March 2003 11

EN 1216:1998

7.2.5 Heating or cooling fluid temperature

7.2.5.1 General
The fluid temperature shall be measured as close as possible to the coil connection and in any case within
fifteen times the connection outside diameter and in accordance with the following:
a) when the temperatures are measured on the outside of the pipe, it shall be at two opposite points of
the same cross-section and, if the pipe is horizontal, there shall be one point above and one below;
b) when the temperatures are measured by a sensor immersed in the pipe, it shall be ensured that
temperatures stratification and flow patterns do not influence the accuracy of the measurements.
The pipe shall be insulated from the coil for a length of at least ten times the outside diameter beyond the
temperature measuring point. Good thermal contact between the sensor and the pipe at the measuring
point, shall be ensured.
7.2.5.2 Liquid temperature
For liquid temperatures measurement in accordance with 7.2.5.1b) is preferred.
7.2.5.3 Refrigerant temperature
Measurement of refrigerant temperatures shall be as follows:
a) for the superheated vapour temperature on air heating coils measurement in accordance
with 7.2.5.1b) is preferred;
b) for the subcooled liquid refrigerant temperature in front of the expansion device measurement in
accordance with 7.2.5.1a) is preferred to avoid the risk of generation of flash gas;
c) for the subcooled refrigerant leaving an air heating coil, only measurement in accordance
with 7.2.5.1b) is applicable, ensuring that the sensing element is totally immersed into the liquid phase;
d) for the superheated refrigerant vapour leaving an air cooling coil, measurement in accordance
with 7.2.5.1a) is preferred due to the non-homogeneous nature of the vapour/liquid mixture and the fact
that the sensors of control devices are also fixed onto the outside of the pipe.
7.2.6 Fluid pressure measuring points
The pressure measuring points shall be located in the middle of a straight part of the connecting pipe of
constant diameter, (equal to the coil connections) having a length of not less than ten diameters ensuring
that there is no restriction involved. They shall be positioned between the temperature measuring
points and the connections of the coil.
7.2.7 Fluid flow rate
7.2.7.1 General
The flow rates of the fluid shall be measured using measuring devices calibrated and installed in
accordance with the instructions of the measuring device manufacturer.
If the fluctuations of the flow increase the uncertainty of the measurement noticeably, integrating devices
shall be used.
7.2.7.2 Refrigerant
If volume flowmeters are used in the liquid line, the refrigerant has to be sufficiently subcooled in order to
prevent flashgas which causes inaccurate measurement. In order to check that there is no flashgas a sight
glass shall be placed on each side of the flowmeter.
7.2.8 Oil content
The oil content shall be less than 1 % by mass. The oil content shall be measured unless it is otherwise
guaranteed. For recommended measurement procedure, see Annex B.
7.2.9 Air-side condensate flow rate
In the case of dehumidifying coils, the condensate shall be collected during the test duration. The
condensate flow rate shall be determined by dividing the collected mass of condensate by the test duration.
Any other method of determining the flow rate of condensate is accepted provided the same accuracy is
obtained.

12 © BSI 28 March 2003

 EN 1216:1998

!7.2.10 Non-azeotropic refrigerant

For high glide refrigerants the refrigerant mixture shall be measured unless it can be guaranteed that the
mass fraction varies by less than 2 % from the refrigerant manufacturer’s data."

8 Testing methods and equipment

8.1 Testing method
8.1.1 General
In order to fulfil the requirements of this standard, two methods of determining the coil capacity shall be
used simultaneously.
The primary method shall determine the cooling or heating capacity on the cooling or heating fluid side.
The confirming method shall determine the cooling or heating capacity on the air side, allowing for the
enthalpy flow of the condensed water, if any.
The result of the confirming method shall agree with that of the primary method within ±5 %.
The fluid-side capacity shall be used as the capacity of the coil.
The testing method and measuring points are given in Annex A.
!Care shall be taken with non-azeotropic refrigerants, that there are no liquid refrigerant accumulations
in the refrigerant cycle. While testing non-azeotropic refrigerants, the concentration of the individual
refrigerants within the mixture circulating through the unit cooler shall remain identical to the
concentration with which it was originally filled.
NOTE Non-azeotropic refrigerants are mixtures of more than one refrigerant with different individual boiling temperatures. If the
mixture is separated at a two phase state e.g., in a vessel, one of the two phases can accumulate affecting the concentration of each
refrigerant within the rest of the system."

8.1.2 Fluid side capacity

8.1.2.1 Liquid
The principle of the method is to obtain the fluid side capacity by measuring directly the flow rate of the
liquid and multiplying this by the specific enthalpy difference across the coil.
8.1.2.2 Refrigerant
The principle of the method is to obtain the fluid side capacity by measuring directly the flow rate of the
refrigerant and multiplying this by the absolute difference between the specific enthalpies at the inlet and
outlet connections of the coil.
8.1.3 Air side capacity (confirming method)
8.1.3.1 Capacity of air-heating coils
The principle of the method is to obtain the air side capacity by measuring the air mass flow rate directly
and multiplying it by the difference between the specific enthalpy at air outlet and air inlet.
8.1.3.2 Capacity of air-cooling coils
The measurement of the capacity of air-cooling coils shall be in accordance with the following.
a) The principle of this method is to obtain the air side capacity by adding the sensible cooling capacity
to the latent cooling capacity.
The sensible cooling capacity is obtained by measuring the air mass flow rate directly and multiplying it
by the sensible part of the difference between specific enthalpies at the air inlet and air outlet. This
enthalpy difference is obtained by use of the dry bulb temperatures and the specific heat capacities at
the air inlet and outlet, taking into account the vapour content.
The latent cooling capacity is obtained by measuring the flow rate of water condensate directly and
multiplying it by the specific water vaporization heat minus the enthalpy of the condensate.
b) Where the latent capacity is not required, the air side capacity can be obtained by measuring the air
mass flow rate directly and multiplying it by the total difference between specific enthalpies at the air
inlet and air outlet. The specific enthalpies are obtained by use of the dry bulb temperature and the dew
point or wet bulb temperature.
The total air side capacity equals the difference of the enthalpy flow thus obtained, and the enthalpy flow
removed by the water, condensed on the air side.

© BSI 28 March 2003 13

EN 1216:1998

8.1.4 Air flow rate

The air flow rate may be measured, for example, through static pressure difference measurement between
two points, located upstream and downstream of a standardized restriction, according to ISO 5221.
Any other method is acceptable provided it gives the same accuracy.
For the purpose of this standard, the influence of the moisture content of the air on the air flow
measurement shall be ignored.
In the following, the measured air mass flow rate shall be considered as the dry air mass flow rate.
8.2 Equipment
8.2.1 General requirements
The testing equipment shall be designed in such a way that:
— at the inlet of the coil the velocities and temperatures of the air can be maintained within the specified
limits;
— the temperature and pressure measuring devices do not influence the turbulence of the airflow at the
inlet of the coil significantly;
— the heat exchange of the duct and coil with the ambient air between the temperature measuring
planes is below ±0,5 % of the measured capacity;
— no measurable air leakage of the ductwork between the air flow meter and the coil occurs;
— steady state conditions can be maintained;
— there shall be a straight and unrestricted section of duct, having the same cross-section as the coil face
area, of not less than twenty times the equivalent diameter of measuring devices in the duct or one
equivalent hydraulic diameter of the coil face area, whichever is the greater, between the
measuring planes and the coil.
8.2.2 Operation with liquid
Venting facilities shall be provided to ensure that the liquid is free from entrained air which would result
in inaccurate measurements.
NOTE The system should preferably be pressurized with automatic venting of air.

8.2.3 Operation with refrigerant

8.2.3.1 Air heating coils
The test equipment shall guarantee free drainage of the refrigerant from the coil outlet connection to a
liquid receiver, which is positioned below the level of the outlet connection, ensuring that there is no
restriction involved.
All refrigerant vapour shall be trapped in this !receiver".
A sight glass will enable the liquid level and thus also constant refrigerant flow to be checked during the
test period.
The !receiver" and the connecting pipe shall be well insulated in order to ensure that the heat loss is
less than 0,5 % of the measured coil capacity.
8.2.3.2 Air cooling coils
As the specific enthalpy of the refrigerant entering the coil is defined by the specific enthalpy of the liquid
refrigerant at the inlet of the expansion device, the refrigerant shall be sufficiently subcooled and without
flashgas. In order to check this, a sight glass shall be placed immediately in front of the expansion device.
8.2.4 Air cooling coils with dehumidification
If droplets of the condensed water are carried away by the air flow leaving the coil, care shall be taken that
it does not affect the measurement of the humidity content and the measurement of the condensed water
flow rate as well as the pressure measurement.
!8.2.5 Liquid receiver
For high glide refrigerants the internal volume of the liquid receiver shall be less than 4 % of the total
system volume."

14 © BSI 28 March 2003

 EN 1216:1998

9 Test procedures
9.1 Physical arrangement
9.1.1 The coil shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications.
All components supplied by the manufacturer as a part of the coil shall be included in the test set-up and
used in accordance with the instructions.
9.1.2 The liquid shall be free from entrained air.
9.2 Permissible deviations
9.2.1 Air heating coils
The permissible deviations are chosen such that the conversion method gives a maximum error of ±3 %.
If the set conditions are the standard ones, the uncertainty given in Table 3 shall apply.

Table 3 — Uncertainty for set conditions for air heating coils

Quantity Uncertainty
qma ±1,0 %
tA1 ±2,0 K
Fluid Liquid Refrigerant
∆t1 ±0,5 K ±0,5 K
∆tL ±0,2 K —
∆tsup — ±0,5 K
∆tsub — k3 K

9.2.2 Air cooling coils

The permissible deviations are chosen such that the conversion method gives a maximum error of ±3 %.

If the set conditions are the standard ones, the conditions given in Table 4 shall apply.

Table 4 — Uncertainty for set conditions for air cooling coils

Quantity Uncertainty
qma ±1,0 %
tA1 ±2,0 K
tdp1 ±0,3 K
∆t1 0,2 K
Fluid Liquid Refrigerant
∆tL ±0,2 K —
∆tRO — ±0,3 K
∆tsup — ±1,0 K

© BSI 28 March 2003 15

EN 1216:1998

9.3 Steady state conditions

The measurement of the capacity shall be carried out under steady state conditions. Steady state shall be
reached a minimum of 30 min before testing commences.
Steady state conditions are assumed to exist when all changes and periodic fluctuations remain within the
following:

— flow rates ±2 %;
— a) for heating coils:
— air inlet temperature ±1 K;
— subcooling ±1 K;
— superheated vapour temperature ±3 K;
— inlet temperature difference ±0,5 K;
— b) for cooling coils:
— air inlet temperature (dry bulb, dew point) ±2 K;
— superheating ±1 K;
— subcooled liquid temperature ±2 K;
— inlet temperature difference ±0,5 K.

9.4 Test duration

The test duration shall be chosen such that any deviation from steady state conditions will not influence
the uncertainty of the test results by more than ±0,5 %.
The test duration shall be a minimum of 30 min.
During the test period at least five sets of measurements shall be taken at regular intervals, sufficiently
small to identify all significant fluctuations.
9.5 Data to be recorded
The data specified in 9.5.1, 9.5.2, 9.5.3, 9.5.4 and 9.5.5 shall be recorded during the test.
9.5.1 Air side
tA1, tA2, qmA, %pA
additional for air cooling coils:
tWb1 or tdp1, tW, qmW, tWb2 or tdp2 when the total air side capacity is obtained by use of the air enthalpy
difference.
tW may be approximated to tdp2 and then does not need to be recorded.
9.5.2 Cooling and heating fluid side for liquid operation
tL1, tL2, qmL, %pL or pL1 or pL2
9.5.3 Cooling fluid side for refrigerant operation
pe, tRO, tR2, qmR, tmR, pRO
the refrigerant used and the oil content.
9.5.4 Heating fluid side for refrigerant operation
pc, tR1, tR2, qmR, tmR, pR2
the refrigerant used and the oil content.
9.5.5 Test duration: Z (mins)

10 Capacity calculation
10.1 Fluid side heating capacity
10.1.1 General
The fluid side heating capacity shall be calculated in accordance with 10.1.2 or 10.1.3 as appropriate.

16 © BSI 28 March 2003

 EN 1216:1998

10.1.2 For liquid operation

PtotL = qmL (hL1 p hL2) (1)

10.1.3 For refrigerant operation

PtotR = qmR (hR1 p hR2) (2)

10.2 Air side heating capacity

The air side heating capacity shall be calculated in accordance with the following:

PtotA = qmA (hA2 p hA1) (3)

10.3 Fluid side cooling capacity

10.3.1 General
The fluid side cooling capacity shall be calculated in accordance with 10.3.2 or 10.3.3 as appropriate.
10.3.2 For liquid operation

PtotL = qmL (hL2 p hL1) (4)

10.3.3 For refrigerant operation

PtotR = qmR (hR2 p hR0) (5)

10.4 Air side cooling capacity

10.4.1 General
The air side cooling capacity shall be calculated in accordance with 10.4.2, 10.4.3 and 10.4.4, and the
enthalpy flow of the air-side condensates in accordance with 10.4.5.
10.4.2 Sensible cooling capacity

Psens = qmA (cpA1 × tA1 p cpA2 × tA2) (6)

cpA = 1,006 + 1,835 X (7)

10.4.3 Latent cooling capacity

Plat = qmW × (∆hW) (8)

10.4.4 Air side total cooling capacity

1) PtotA = Psens + Plat; (9)

2) PtotA = qmA (hA1 p hA2) p qmW × cpW × tW. (10)

10.4.5 Enthalpy flow of the air-side condensates

PW = qmW × cpW × tW (11)

10.5 Relative deviation

The relative deviation rd between the results of the primary and confirming method is:

P totA + P v – P totF
rd = 100 × ---------------------------------------------
- in % (12)
P totF

© BSI 28 March 2003 17

EN 1216:1998

11 Conversion to standard conditions

11.1 Correction for standard barometric pressure
The influence of barometric pressure on sensible heating or cooling capacity can be neglected.
The influence on latent cooling capacity is very complex, and cannot be corrected without the help of a coil
calculation model. Therefore, no correction shall be made.
11.2 Conversion to standard capacity
11.2.1 For air heating coils, liquid and refrigerant operation

(st)
%t 1
P (st)
= PtotF × -------------- (13)
%t 1

11.2.2 For air cooling coils, liquid and refrigerant operation

(st)
%t 2
P (st)
= PtotF × -------------- (14)
%t 2

P sens
shf (st) = -------------- (15)
P tot

Plat (st) = P (st) × shf (st) (16)

(st) (st) (st) (17)
Plat =P × [1 p shf ]

11.3 Conversion to standard air side pressure drop

1,8
 p (st)
%pA(st) = %pA ×  ------------------
mA (18)
 q mA 
 

NOTE 1,8 is an empirical value, considering that the exponent normally lies between 1,5 and 2. Therefore, for a single set of tests,
the accuracy is sufficient.

11.4 Conversion to liquid side pressure drop

(st)
p
qmL(st) = ---------------------------------------
- (19)
(st) (st)
h L1 – h L2
1,8
 q (st)
%pL = %pL ×  ------------------
(st) mL (20)
 q mL 
 

NOTE 1 1,8 is an empirical value considering that the exponent normally lies between 1,5 and 2. Therefore, for a single set of tests,
the accuracy is sufficient.
NOTE 2 Standard refrigerant side pressure drop is not relevant for the user.

12 Test report
The test report shall be in accordance with EN 45001.

18 © BSI 28 March 2003

 EN 1216:1998

Annex A (normative)
Circuit diagrams

Key
1 liquid flowmeter
2 air heating/cooling coil
3 air flowmeter

Figure A.1 — Heating/cooling with liquid

© BSI 28 March 2003 19

EN 1216:1998

Key
1 sight glass
2 refrigerant flowmeter
3 to evaporator
4 from compressor
5 air heating coil
6 liquid receiver
7 air flowmeter

Figure A.2 — Heating with refrigerant

20 © BSI 28 March 2003

 EN 1216:1998

Key
1 to compressor
2 expanision device
3 sight glass
4 refrigerant flowmeter
5 from condenser
6 air cooling coil
7 air flowmeter

Figure A.3 — Cooling with refrigerant by direct expansion

© BSI 28 March 2003 21

EN 1216:1998

Annex B (informative)
Oil content measurement procedure
The oil content should be measured under steady state conditions, immediately after the capacity test has
been finished.
The following method for measuring the oil content is recommended. Any other method can be used,
provided that it has the same accuracy:
a) evacuate the pressure vessel for the oil/refrigerant mixture sample having a volume of 100 cm3
to 200 cm3;
b) weigh the empty vessel with an accuracy of ±0,1 g;
c) connect this vessel to the liquid line at the appropriate position;
d) weigh the vessel filled with the test sample with an accuracy of ±0,1 g;
e) evaporate the refrigerant carefully in order to prevent any escape of oil with the refrigerant and
evacuate the vessel. The refrigerant should be recovered.
The refrigerant should be recovered:
f) add a solvent to the remaining oil (e.g. methylchloroform) in the vessel. Shake the mixture carefully
and put it into an evaporating pan which has been weighed accurately to ±1 mg. Following this, rinse the
vessel twice with the solvent and put this mixture also into the pan;
g) evaporate the solvent by means of a boiling water bath;
h) weigh the evaporation pan with the oil accurately to ±1 mg;
i) the oil content is obtained by dividing the difference of the masses of the evaporating pan with and
without remaining oil by the difference of the masses of the pressure vessel with and without the
“refrigerant + oil” test sample.

Annex C (informative)
Bibliography
EN 247, Heat exchangers — Terminology.
EN 305, Heat exchangers — Definitions of performance of heat exchangers and the general test procedure
for establishing performance of all heat exchangers.
EN 306, Heat exchangers — Methods of measuring the parameters necessary for establishing the
performance.
EN 307, Heat exchangers — Guidelines to prepare installation, operation and maintenance instructions
required to maintain the performance of each type of heat exchangers.

22 © BSI 28 March 2003

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BS EN 1216:1999

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