Procedure Text

 Definition : Procedure text is a text to explain how to make or do something in

sequence times.

 Generic Structure :
1. Goal : The aim / the goal of the text (how to make/do … )
2. Materials : Materials needed (equipment : glass, spoon)
(ingridients : teabag,sugar)
3. Steps : The steps to make something in sequence times

 Language Features
1. Simple present (Verb I)
2. Connective words :
- First, Second, … , Finally
- Firstly, Secondly, … Finally
- Then, And then, Next, After that, … Finally
3. Imperative words (Verb I) : Put, Cut, Add, Pour, Open, Drain, Chop, …

Example :

“How To Make a Glass of Tea”

Materials : Ingredients :

1. Glass 1. Tea bag,

2. Spoon 2. Hot water,
3. Sugar

Steps :

1. First, prepare a glass;

2. Second, put a tea bag into a glass;
3. Third, add one tablespoon of sugar;
4. Next, pour hot water into a glass;
5. Then, stir the tea well;
6. After that, remove the tea bag from the glass;
7. Finally, the tea is ready to drink.
Exercises :
Multiple Choice.

Read the following text to answer questions number 1 to 3.

How to Clean an LCD Screen

1. Shake up the detergent and put it 15 — 20 cm away from the LCD screen.
2. Spray on the LCD screen surface directly.
3. Cleanse gently using the fabric cleanser or brush.

You can also do the following steps :

1. Spray the detergent on the fabric cleanser.
2. Clean the LCD screen surface to make it as bright as a new one. 

1. What should you do to detergent first?

a. Spray it
b. Clean it
c. Put it away
d. Shake it up

2. Before cleaning the screen surface, we spray the detergent on the screen surface directly
or spray it on ….
a. Our fingers
b. The paper
c. The fabric cleanser
d. The brush

3. "Cleanse gently with the fabric cleanser or brush" (step 3). What does the underlined
word mean?
a. Carefully
b. Directly
c. Harshly
d. Cleanly
Read the following text to answer questions number 4 and 5.

ANZAC BISCUITS

You will need:

• 2 cups of rolled oats
• 1,5 cups of caster sugar
• 4 tablespoons of golden syrup
• 2 tablespoons of boiling water
• 1 cup of plain flour
• 250 grams of butter
• 1 teaspoon of baking soda

Steps:
1. Turn on the oven 160o C.
2. Lightly grease an oven tray.
3. Mix oats, flour and sugar in a large bowl.
4. Melt butter and golden syrup in a pan.
5. Mix baking soda and boiling water in a cup.
6. Add this mixture to melted butter and golden syrup.
7. Add this to the oats mixture in the large bowl, mix together well.
8. Roll tablespoonfuls of the mixture into balls. Put on the try 5 cm apart.
9. Press lightly on top of each with a fork. 
10. Bake for 20 minutes.  

4. What is the purpose of the text?

a. To tell how to make Anzac Biscuits
b. To see the ingredients of Anzac Biscuits
c. To announce a new recipe of Anzac Biscuits
d. To prepare everything for cooking Anzac Biscuits

5. Why do we use a fork to make Anzac Biscuits?

a. To mix baking soda and boiling water
b. To press the balls of mixture
c. To put the balls on a tray
d. To roll the mixture
Answer Key Procedure Text
1. D
2. C
3. A
4. A
5. B
 Passive Voice

 Definition : The passive voice is a style of writing where what would be the
object of a sentence becomes the subject of the sentence.
 In active sentence, the person or thing responsible for the action in the sentence
come first.
 In passive sentence, the person or thing acted on comes first and the actor is added
at the end, introduced with the preposition “by”
 In passive sentence, we often omit the actor completely. Passive voice can be
perfectly acceptable.

You might use it in the following cases :

1. The actor is unknown

Example : The cave paintings were made in upper old stone.
(we don’t know who made them)
2. The actor is irrelevant
Example : An experimental solar power plant will be built in the
Australian desert. (we aren’t interested in who building it)
3. You want to be vague about who is responsible
Example : Mistakes were made (common in bure aucratic writing)
4. You are talking about a general truth
Example : Rules are made to be broken (by whomever, whenever)
5. You want to emphasize the person or thing acted on
Example : Insulin was first discovered in 1921 by reaserches at the University
of Toronto. It is still the only treatment available for diabetes.
6. You are writing in scientific genre.
Passive voice is often prefered in lab reports and scientific research papers,
most notably in the materials and metods section.

Example :
Active Voice : I gave him some apples.

Passive Voice : Some apples were given to him by me.

Exercises :
Change these active voice into passive voice based on :

1. I open the door.

2. She creates a picture.
3. Mona will find the wallet.
4. I would drive a car.
5. Denis has erased the whiteboard.
6. Reta and Rania had done their task.
7. They are playing badminton.
8. My uncle plants some vegetable.
9. Bella fed a cat.
10. Mira was cutting the paper.

Answer Key Passive Voice :

1. The door is opened by me. (Simple Present)
2. A picture are created by her. (Simple Present)
3. The wallet will be found by Mona. (Simple Future)
4. A car would be driven by me. (Simple Past Future)
5. The whiteboard has been erased by Denis. (Present Perfect)
6. Their task had been done by Reta and Rania. (Past Perfect)
7. Badminton are being played by them. (Present Continuous)
8. Some vegetables are planted by my uncle. (Simple Present)
9. A cat was fed by Bella. (Simple past)
10. The paper was being cut by Mira. (Past Continuous)
 Conditional Sentences Using “If”

 Definition : conditional sentences using “if” is a sentences talk about imaginary

situation.

 Zero Conditional : Talks about the truth situation.

Formula :
If + Simple Present, Simple Present
Example :
a) If you heat water, it boils.
b) If the sun rises, the world gets light.
c) If you heat ice, is melts.

 First Conditional ( Type 1) : Talks about the possible situation / real situation.
Formula :
If + Simple Present, Simple Future
Example :
a) If I have a new car, I will go around the city.
b) If she comes on time, she will meet her friend.
c) If I am a doctor, I will help you.

 Second Conditional (Type 2) : Talks about the impossible situation / unreal situation.
Formula :
If + Simple Past, Past Future
Example :
a) If I were pharmacist, I would give you a medicine.
b) If he were my friend, he would come in.
c) If you felt down, you would get pain.

 Third Conditional (Type 3) : Talks about unreal past the situation / result in contarary
to the reality.
Formula :
If + Past Perfect, Past Future Perfect
Example :
a) If you had fallen down, you would have got pain
b) If I had had a new car, I would have gone around the city
Exercises :
Change these conditional sentences Type1 into Type2 and Type3 :

1. If I am wrong, I will apologize.

2. If Niki’s uniform breaks up, she will sew it.
3. If he is a dentist, I will check my teeth.
4. If you borrow my jacket, you will give it back to me.
5. If I have a pair of new shoes, I will keep it clean.

Answer Key Conditional Sentences :

1. Type 2 : If I were wrong, I would apologize.
Type 3 : If I had been wrong, I would have apologize.

2. Type 2 : If Niki’s uniform broke up, she would sew it.

Type 3 : If Niki’s had uniform broken up, she would have sewed it.

3. Type 2 : If he were a dentist, I would check my teeth.

Type 3 : If he had been a dentist, I would have checked my teeth.

4. Type 2 : If you borrow my jacket, you would give it back to me.

Type 3 : If you had borrowed my jacket, you would have given it back to me.

5. Type 2 : If I had a pair of new shoes, I would keep it clean.

Type 3 : If I had had a paired of new shoes, I would have kept it clean.