Cell

Transport
Lesson 03
Transport System
The plasma membrane of cells defines the boundary of the cell.
Materials can enter and exit the cell only if the plasma membrane
allows it; in other words, the plasma membrane is selectively
permeable

Two major factors determine whether a molecule can cross the plasma
membrane:
✓ Size: Smaller molecules cross more easily than larger ones.
✓ Attraction to water: Hydrophobic (nonpolar) molecules cross more
easily than hydrophilic (polar) molecules
 Simple diffusion

channel mediated
Membrane Transport

Passive transport
Facilitated Diffusion
Processes
Carrier mediated
Osmosis

Primary active
transport
Active transport symport
Active transport Secondary active
Processes transport
Vesicular Transport Antiport
Membrane Transport
 • a type of membrane transport but
do not require energy .
Diffusion -Movement of
substances through concentration
Passive gradient

transport
it is the movement of molecules
across a membrane from high
concentration to low concentration .
 INTERSTITIAL FLUID -
OUTSIDE THE CELL

HIGH CONCENTRATION

LOW CONCENTRATION
CYTOSOL - INSIDE THE CELL
 It is the diffusion of a solute
(Which is a dissolved
Cellular substance ) Occurs along
the plasma membrane due
Diffusion to the movement from high
concentration To low
concentration .
Simple diffusion
• occur in solute which are
small and nonpolar

• Nonpolar molecules can

cross along the plasma
membrane in which the
interiors are also
nonpolar
 • Occur in small charged in polar
solutes .
• Polar solutes cannot enter the
plasma membrane. the phosphate
Facilitated head of the phospholipid molecule is
nonpolar , so it blocks the polar
Diffusion solutes
• This solutes can only enter the
cells through the help of the plasma
membrane transport proteins
 INTERSTITIAL FLUID -
OUTSIDE THE CELL Polar Solute

CYTOSOL - INSIDE THE CELL

 INTERSTITIAL FLUID -
OUTSIDE THE CELL

Membrane protein

CYTOSOL - INSIDE THE CELL

 FACILITATED DIFFUSSION
Channel mediated . Carrier mediated
* Ions in molecules Small polar molecules move across the
move through a water plasma membrane through the help of
filled channel . carrier protein by changing its shape
Osmosis
Passive movement of water through a semi
permeable membrane

Water molecules can enter in two ways , through

the plasma membrane itself or through a
membrane protein called aquaporin
Types of concentration across Membranes
✓ Hypertonic solutions
have a greater
concentration of solutes.
✓ Hypotonic solutions
have a lesser
concentration of solutes.
✓ Isotonic solutions
have the same
concentration of solutes
Osmosis
 Require the use of energy
in the form of ATP

Active
Processes
Two types of active process
active vesicular
transport transport
 - Uses ion pumps to take in
molecules against their
Primary concentration gradient.

Active - the ion pumps uses energy

from ATP ( Adenosine
transport Triphosphate)

Example : Sodium –
Potassium pump
Secondary • Substance is moved against its
concentration gradient by the
Active movement of a second substance
Transport down its concentration gradient
Vesicle transport
• transport of large molecules or substances by membranous sac/ vesicles .
• Substances such as proteins and carbohydrates .

Two types of vesicle transport

- Endocytosis – materials are taken in from outside the cell to inside of the
cell
- Exocytosis - Materials are secreted from inside the cell to the interstitial
fluid outside the cell .
Three types of
endocytosis
• Phagocytosis = “Cell
Eating”
• Pinocytosis = “Cell
Drinking”
• Receptor Mediated
Phagocytosis