Metabolism

Lesson 4

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 • it is the total chemical reactions not occurs in
the body of the Organism .

Two types of metabolism

✓ Anabolic reactions: This type of reaction
builds molecules. Specifically, small molecules
are combined into large molecules for repair,
What is growth, or storage.
✓ Catabolic reactions: This type of reaction
metabolism breaks down molecules to release their stored
? energy.
Cells transfer energy between anabolic and
catabolic reactions by using an energy
middleman — adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Energy from catabolic reactions is transferred
to ATP, which then provides energy for
anabolic reactions
• ATP has three phosphates
attached to it. When ATP supplies
energy to a process, one of its
phosphates gets transferred to
another molecule, turning ATP
into adenosine diphosphate
(ADP). Cells re-create ATP by
using energy from catabolic
reactions to reattach a phosphate
group to ADP. Cells constantly
build and break down ATP,
creating the ATP/ADP cycle.
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Consuming food for matter
and energy

• Food molecules — in the form of proteins,

carbohydrates, and fats — provide the matter
and energy that every living thing needs to fuel
anabolic and catabolic reactions and create
ATP.

✓ Organisms need matter to build their cells so

they can grow, repair themselves, and
reproduce.
✓ Organisms need energy so they can move,
build new materials, and transport materials
around their cells.
Autotrophs and Heterotrophs
Autotrophs - can make their own food. Auto means “self,”
and troph means “feed,” so autotrophs are self-feeders.
Plants, algae, and green bacteria are all examples of
autotrophs.

Heterotrophs -have to eat other organisms to get their food.

Hetero means “other,” so heterotrophs are quite literally other-feeders.
Animals, fungi, and most bacteria are examples of heterotrophs. Food
is made through one process and broken down through another
Photosynthesis
and Cellular
respiration
Photosynthesis
• The process of making food using sunlight
• Occurs in plants , algae and some bacteria
• They produce glucose
• They use the energy from the sun ,Carbon dioxide from the air , in
water from the soil to produce sugar called glucose
• It is an example of a anabolic reaction
• Occurs in the chloroplasts of a plant cell
Cellular Respiration
• The process of breaking down glucose to produce
energy in the form of ATP .
• Occurs in all eukaryotic cells
• it uses oxygen To breakdown glucose molecule .
• It occurs in the mitochondria .
• it is an example of an catabolic reaction .
 Photosynthesis:
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Light Energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Cellular respiration:
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Usable Energy