VENKAT INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC SCHOOL

2020-21
VIII - STANDARD
TOPIC:SYNTHETIC FIBERS AND PLASTICS
A.ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:
1.Define synthetic fibers.
A:Fibres that are made by human through chemical processes
are called as synthetic fibers.
2.What is polymerization?
A: The process in which small monomer units linked together to
form a long chain is called as polymerization.
3. Write the properties and uses of given synthetic fiber. A:
SYNTHETIC PROPERTIES USES
FIBRES
1.Nylon Moreelastic,strong, Parachutes,ropes,
lustrous,wrinkle & wear Socks,fishing
resistant,absorbs less water nets,textiles etc
2.Rayon Strong,goodabsorbant,silky, Carpets,bedsheets,
does not melt,wrinkles easily. caps,dressmaterials.
3.Polyester Elastic,wrinkle resistant, absorbs PET
less water,resistant to bottles,jackets,light
 chemicals. weight sails,films.
4.Acrylic Light,soft,resistant to shrinkage Sweaters,shawls,
& also to chemicals Blankets.
5.Spandex Unusual elasticity Swimsuits,leggings,
gloves,cycling shorts.
4.What is PET give its uses?
A: PET(polyethene tetraphthalate) is a common form of
polyester.It is used in making bottles,utensils & films. 5.Why is
5.Rayon called a regenerated fiber?
A: Ryan is prepared from cellulose that is broken down and then
reformed. so it is called as regenerated fiber.
6.Why do we use containers made up of plastics to store water
and chemicals?
A: Plastics do not react with air and water,thus do not corrode
or rust easily so they are used for storing chemicals and other
materials.
7. List the advantage and disadvantage of synthetic fibers.
A: Advantages:
 Strong, elastic, wrinkle resistant
 Easy to wash and maintain
 Durable and less expensive
 Dries quickly,light,durable
Disadvantage:
  Catch fire more easily
 Do not absorb sweat
 Not comfortable to wear in hot & humid weather
 May get damaged by high temperature
8.List the properties of plastics.
 Plastics are insoluble in water
 Plastics catch fire easily
 Plastics do not react with water and air does do not
corrode easily
 Plastics are poor conductors of heat and electricity
9.What are the harmful effects of excessive use of plastics.
 Burning of plastics causes air pollution
 Food stored in a recycled plastic bags and containers is
harmful for health
 Plastics prevent percolation of water into the soil
 Careless disposal of plastics bags blocks the drainage
 Plastic bags consumed by animals may lead to illness or
death.
10.Mention few measures that can be taken to prevent
pollution caused by plastics.
 Buy products with less plastic packaging.
 Encourage reuse & recycling of plastics
  Keep separate garbage bins for biodegradable and non
biodegradable waste.
 Plastics should not be disposed on the roads, sewage
system ,etc
 Follow for our principle reduce, reuse, recycle and recover
B. 1.DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN THE FOLLOWING
Thermoplastic Thermosetting
1.Plastic that can be melted 1.Plastics that do not soften
easily much on heating
2. It can be moulded again and 2.It can be moulded only once.
again into different shapes Eg:Bakelite,Melamine
Eg:polythene.PVC

2.Differentiate the following

Biodegradable substance Nonbiodegradable substance

1.Substances that can be 1.Substances that cannot be

decomposed through natural decomposed easily by
processes by the action of microorganisms.
microorganisms. Eg:vegetable Eg:Plastics
peels
C. WRITE TWO USES OF GIVEN THERMOPLASTICS :
1.PVC( polyvinylchloride)- used in making ID cards, credit cards,
covering of electric wires refrigerator lining.
2.Polythene-used for making containers,pipes,waterproof
package materials.
3.Teflon- used for coating industrial parts nonstick cooking
utensils.
D.WRITE TWO USERS OF GIVEN THERMOSETTING PLASTICS:
1.Bakelite- used in making handles of cookers, pans,
plugs, button, TV & radio cases etc.
2. Melamine- used in making unbreakable dinnerware, floor
tiles, fireproof fabrics.

E.GIVE REASON:
1. The uniform of firemen are made of melamine plastics. A:This
is because melamine is flame resistant plastics.
2.Teflon is used to prepare nonstick cookware.
A:This is because teflon is a special plastic which do not attach
to all oil or water.
3.Ropes made of nylon are preferred for purpose of climbing.
A: This is because nylon fibers are elastic and stronger than steel
wire.
4.It is not advised to use polyester clothes while working in the
kitchen.
A:This is because clothes made up of polyester catches fire soon
and stick to the body of a person.

F. NAME THE FOLLOWING:

1.The synthetic fibres obtained from cold water and air- Nylon
2.The synthetic fibre also known as artificial silk- Rayon
3.The mixture of terylene and cotton –Terrycot
4. Synthetic fiber known as a elastane-Spandex
5.This is called the small unit of a polymer-Monomer