Designation: C 599 – 91 (Reapproved 1995)e1
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Specification for
Conical Process Glass Pipe and Fittings1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 599; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e1 NOTE—Section 13 was added editorially in September 1995.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers chemically resistant, low-
expansion Type-I borosilicate glass, Glass A, (see Specification
E 438) used to manufacture conical end flanged-glass pipe and
fittings.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B 26/B26M Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Sand Cast-
ings2
B 85 Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Die Castings2
C 162 Terminology of Glass and Glass Products3
C 600 Method of Thermal Shock Test on Glass Pipe3
C 601 Method for Pressure Test on Glass Pipe3
C 623 Test Method for Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus,
and Poisson’s Ratio for Glass and Glass-Ceramics by
Resonance3
C 693 Test Method for Density of Glass by Buoyancy3
E 438 Specification for Glasses in Laboratory Apparatus4
3. Terminology Definitions
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this specification, refer
to Terminology C 162.
4. Materials and Manufacture
4.1 The glass shall be reasonably free of surface defects,
such as open blisters or airlines and scratches, and shall be
completely free of chips and checks. This is applicable to both
the inside and outside surfaces. It shall represent good work-
manship as consistent with standard glass process capabilities.
4.2 Heat Treatment and Annealing—Pipe and fittings must
be suitably heat-treated (tempered) or annealed as specified.
5. Chemical Requirements
5.1 The chemical requirements shall be as described in
Specification E 438.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-14 on Glass
and Glass Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C14.05 on
Glass Pipe.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 1991. Published January 1992. Originally
published as C 599 – 67 T. Last previous edition C 599 – 70 (1984)e 1.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.02
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.02.
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
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6. Physical Requirements
6.1 The physical requirements shall be as described in
Specification E 438.
6.2 Refer also to Annex A1 for additional physical require-
ments.
7. Operating Temperatures
7.1 Minimum Operating Temperature— The minimum
rated operating temperature for all sizes shall be − 50°F
(−46°C) provided that the temperature of the material being
conveyed is above the freezing point and aluminum alloy
flanges consisting of alloys designated in Specifications B 26
and B 85 are used.
7.2 Maximum Operating Temperature— The maximum
rated operating temperature for all sizes shall be 450°F
(232°C).
7.3 Thermal Endurance—The maximum allowable sudden
temperature differential for properly installed systems shall be
in accordance with Table 1 for the various pipe sizes.
7.3.1 Maximum temperature differential refers to an almost
instantaneous temperature change, such as low-pressure steam
followed directly by a flush of ice cold water, or the reverse.
Maximum temperature differential pertains to either inside or
outside pipe surfaces.
7.3.2 The test method for thermal shock is not ordinarily
performed, but in those cases where thermal shock resistance
may be questioned, it may be performed in accordance with
Method C 600. Acceptance of this test shall be that all tested
ware shall pass. If one or more failures do occur, a second
sampling twice the percentage of the first one shall be made,
and the ware tested. If there are any failures, the entire
shipment shall be rejected.
8. Pressure Rating
8.1 Maximum recommended working pressure for conical
glass process pipe and fittings shall be in accordance with
Table 2, when the pipe is installed in accordance with manu-
facturers’ recommendations, and when operated within the
maximum temperature differential and temperature limit. See
8.3 for vacuum service.
8.2 Acceptance Pressure Test—Individual lengths of conical
pipe or fittings shall withstand an internal hydrostatic pressure
test when tested in accordance with Method C 601. Acceptance
 C 599
TABLE 1 Maximum Temperature for Thermal Endurance 9.1.3 Flange Out-Of-Round—Out-of-round of the flanges
Nominal Pipe Size, in.
Sudden Temperature shall be measured on the conical portion of the flange at the
Difference, max °F (°C) distance from the plane of the flange face indicated in Table 4,
1 to 2 200 (93)
3 140 (78) TABLE 4 Out-of-Round of Flanges
4 122 (68)
6 180 (82) Measurement
Point (Distance
Nominal Size, Out-of-Round,
from Plane of
in. max, in. (mm)
Flange Face),
TABLE 2 Maximum Working Pressure for Glass Process Pipe
in. (mm)
and Fittings 1 to 3 1⁄2(12.7) 0.020 (0.51)
Recommended Working 4 to 6 1⁄2(12.7) 0.030 (0.76)
Nominal Pipe Size, in.
Pressure, max, psi (kPa)
1 to 2 50 (345)
3 40 (276)
and shall be within the requirements prescribed in Table 4.
4 35 (241) 9.2 Bow:
6 20 (138) 9.2.1 Bow for Pipe Diameters 1 in. and Up—Bow shall be
measured at the midpoint of the pipe on a flat supporting
surface so as to permit no bending due to mass. Bow shall not
of this test shall be that all tested ware shall pass. If one or exceed 0.0015 times the length of the pipe. The representative
more failures do occur, a second sampling twice the percentage maximum bow tolerances in Table 5 indicate the range.
of the first one shall be made and the ware tested. If there are
any failures in the second sampling, the entire sampling shall 10. Dimensions of All Pipe and Fittings
be rejected. 10.1 Straight Pipe (Dimensions)—Dimensional specifica-
8.3 All pipe sizes are suitable for vacuum applications. tions for straight lengths shall be in accordance with Table 6.
10.2 Dimensions of Flange Groove—Dimensional specifi-
9. Dimensions and Permissible Variations
cations for the flange groove shall be in accordance with Table
9.1 Flanges: 7.
9.1.1 Flange Face Flatness—Maximum permissible devia- 10.3 Spacers (Standard)—Dimensional specifications for
tion from a flat plane across the face of the flange on all sizes spacers (standard) shall be in accordance with Table 8.
shall be 1⁄64 in. (0.4 mm). 10.4 Spacer (Beveled)—Dimensional specifications of spac-
9.1.2 Flange Face Squareness—Flange faces of both pipe ers (beveled) shall be in accordance with Table 9.
and fittings shall be square to the pipe centerline within the 10.5 Fittings (Dimensions)—Dimensional specifications for
limits prescribed in Table 3. common fittings shall be in accordance with Tables 10-20.
11. Inspection
TABLE 3 Flange Face Squareness
Squareness Measurement,
11.1 Inspection of the material shall be made at the point of
Nominal Pipe Size, in. delivery, unless otherwise agreed upon between the purchaser
max, in. (mm)
1 to 2 ⁄
1 32 (0.8) and the seller.
3 ⁄
3 64 (1.19)
4 1⁄16 (1.59) 12. Packaging
6 3⁄32 (2.38) 12.1 Pipe, fittings, and hardware shall be so packaged as to
prevent injury to them during transportation and handling.
9.1.2.1 Squareness of straight pipe lengths shall be mea- Those items packed in containers conforming to all construc-
sured by placing the pipe on rollers, located approximately 2 tion requirements of Consolidated Freight Classification as to
in. (51 mm) from each end, and butting one end against a flat bursting tests, size limit, and gross mass shall be considered as
plate perpendicular to the axis of the rollers. The pipe shall be being properly packed.
rotated and the length variation at the sealing surface shall be 12.2 All hardware items shall be packed in boxes separate
read with a suitable mechanism, such as a dial indicator. The from the pipe and fittings.
maximum reading shall not exceed that shown in 9.1.1 for the 13. Keywords
respective pipe size. 13.1 borosilicate; glass; pipe
9.1.2.2 Pipe fittings shall be measured for flange squareness
by a gage having flat plates constructed at the angle required by TABLE 5 Bow for Pipe Diameters 1 in. and Up
that fitting. One flange shall be firmly placed on one plate and Length, ft (m) Bow, max, in. (mm)
the difference between the remaining flange face and the other ⁄ (0.75)
12 0.045 (1.14)
surface plate shall not exceed the amount shown in 9.1.1 for the 5 (1.5) 0.090 (2.29)
10 (3) 0.180 (4.57)
respective fitting size.

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 C 599
TABLE 6 Dimensional Specifications for Straight Lengths

Length6 1⁄8 in. (3.2 mm)

Nominal B (Outside Diameter), in. (mm) C (Wall), in. (mm)

Size, in. Dimension Tolerances Dimension Tolerances
1 15⁄16 (3.33) 63⁄64 (1.2) ⁄
5 32 (4.0) 61⁄32 (0.8)
11⁄2 127⁄32 (46.8) 61⁄16 (1.6) 11⁄64(4.4) 61⁄32 (0.8)
2 211⁄32 (59.5) 65⁄64 (2.0) 11⁄64 (4.4) 61⁄32 (0.8)
3 313⁄32 (86.5) 63⁄32 (2.4) 13⁄64 (5.2) 61⁄32 (0.8)
4 417⁄32 (115.1) 67⁄64 (2.8) 17⁄64 (6.7) 63⁄64 (1.2)
6 65⁄8 (168.3) 65⁄32 (4.0) 21⁄64 (8.3) 63⁄64 (1.2)

TABLE 7 Dimensional Specifications for the Flange Groove

Nominal A, in. (mm) B, in. (mm) C,°

Size, in. Dimension Tolerances Dimension Tolerances Dimension Tolerances
1 1 ⁄ (39.7)
9 16 6⁄1 32 (0.8) 1 ⁄ (32.5)
9 32 6⁄1 32 (0.8) 12 62
11⁄2 21⁄8 (54.0) 61⁄32 (0.8) 113⁄16 (46.0) 61⁄32 (0.8) 12 62
2 25⁄8 (66.7) 63⁄64 (1.2) 25⁄16 (58.7) 61⁄32 (0.8) 12 62
3 325⁄32 (96.0) 63⁄64 (1.2) 325⁄64 (86.1) 61⁄32 (0.8) 12 62
4 511⁄32 (135.7) 63⁄64 (1.2) 427⁄64 (112.3) 61⁄32 (0.8) 21 62
6 731⁄64 (190.1) 61⁄16 (1.6) 627⁄64 (163.1) 61⁄32 (0.8) 21 62

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 C 599
TABLE 8 Dimensional Specifications for the Spacers (Standard)

B, in. (mm) A, in. (mm)

Nominal
Pipe Outside Inside
Outside Inside
Size, in. Diameter Diameter
Diameter Diameter
Tolerance Tolerance
1 19⁄16 (39.7) 61⁄16 (1.6) 1 (25.4) 61⁄16 (1.6)
11⁄2 25⁄32 (54.8) 61⁄16 (1.6) 11⁄2 (38.1) 61⁄16 (1.6)
2 221⁄32 (67.5) 63⁄32 (2.4) 2 (50.8) 63⁄32 (2.4)
3 33⁄4 (95.3) 61⁄8 (3.2) 3 (76.2) 63⁄32 (2.4)
4 55⁄16 (134.9) 65⁄32 (4.0) 4 (101.6) 61⁄8(3.2)
6 71⁄2 (190.5) 65⁄32 (4.0) 6 (152.4) 61⁄8 (3.2)

TABLE 9 Dimensional Specifications for the Spacers (Beveled)

B, in. (mm) A, in. (mm)

Nominal
Pipe Size, Outside Outside Inside C
Inside
in. Diameter Diameter
Diameter Diameter
Tolerance Tolerance
1 19⁄16 (39.7) 61⁄16 (1.6) 1 (25.4) 61⁄16 (1.6) 19⁄64 (29.0)
11⁄2 25⁄32 (54.8) 61⁄16 (1.6) 11⁄2 (38.1) 61⁄16 (1.6) 13⁄16 (30.2)
2 221⁄32 (67.5) 63⁄32 (2.4) 2 (50.8) 63⁄32 (2.4) 115⁄64 (31.4)
3 327⁄32 (97.6) 63⁄32 (2.4) 3 (76.2) 63⁄32 (2.4) 121⁄64 (33.7)
4 511⁄32 (135.7) 61⁄8 (3.2) 4 (101.6) 61⁄8 (3.2) 115⁄32(37.3)
6 not manufactured

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 C 599
TABLE 10 Ells

A, in. (mm)
Nominal
61⁄8 in.
Size, in.
(3.2 mm)

1 23⁄4(69.9)
11⁄2 31⁄2 (88.9)
2 4 (101.6)
3 5 (127)
4 7 (177.8)
6 9 (228.6)

TABLE 11 Sweep Ells

A, in. (mm) R, in. (mm)

Nominal Size, in.
61⁄8 in. (3.2 mm) 61⁄2 in. (12.7 mm)
1 43⁄4 (120.7) 23⁄4 (69.9)
11⁄2 5 (127.9) 31⁄2 (88.9)
2 6 (152.4) 31⁄2 (88.9)
3 7 (177.8) 41⁄2 (114.3)
4 10 (254.0) 6 (152.4)

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TABLE 12 Reducer Ells

B, in. (mm)
Nominal A, in. (mm) B, in. (mm) Nominal A, in. (mm) Nominal A, in. (mm) B, in. (mm)
61⁄8 in. (3.2
Size, in. 61⁄8 in. (3.2 mm) 61⁄8 in. (3.2 mm) Size, in. 61⁄8 in. (3.2 mm) Size, in. 61⁄8 in. (3.2 mm) 61⁄8 in. (3.2 mm)
mm)
11⁄2 by 1 31⁄2 (88.9) 3 (76.2) 3 by 2 5 (127.0) 41⁄2(114.3) 6 by 1 9 (228.6) 5 (127.0)
2 by 1 4 (101.6) 3 (76.2) 4 by 1 7 (177.8) 4 (101.6) 6 by 11⁄2 9 (228.6) 51⁄2 (139.7)
2 by 11⁄2 4 (101.6) 31⁄2 (88.9) 4 by 11⁄2 7 (177.8) 41⁄2 (114.3) 6 by 2 9 (228.6) 6 (152.4)
3 by 1 5 (127.0) 31⁄2 (88.9) 4 by 2 7 (177.8) 5 (127.0) 6 by 3 9 (228.6) 61⁄2(165.1)
3 by 11⁄2 5 (127.0) 4 (101.6) 4 by 3 7 (177.8) 51⁄2 (139.7) 6 by 4 9 (228.6) 8 (203.2)

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 C 599
TABLE 13 (a) Tees

Nominal A, in. (mm) B, in. (mm) C, in. (mm) Nominal A, in. (mm) B, in. (mm) C, in. (mm)
Size, in. 61⁄8 in. (3.2 mm) 61⁄8 in. (3.2 mm) 61⁄8 in. (3.2 mm) Size, in. 61⁄8 in. (3.2 mm) 61⁄8 in. (3.2 mm) 61⁄8 in. (3.2 mm)
1 by 1 23⁄4 (69.9) 23⁄4 (69.9) 51⁄2 (139.7) 4 by 11⁄2 7 (177.8) 41⁄2 (114.3) 14 (355.6)
11⁄2 by 1 31⁄2 (88.9) 3 (76.2) 7 (177.8) 4 by 2 7 (177.8) 5 (127.0) 14 (355.6)
11⁄2 by 11⁄2 31⁄2 (88.9) 31⁄2 (88.9) 7 (177.8) 4 by 3 7 (177.8) 51⁄2 (139.7) 14 (355.6)
2 by 1 4 (101.6) 3 (76.2) 8 (203.2) 4 by 4 7 (177.8) 7 (177.8) 14 (355.6)
2 by 11⁄2 4 (101.6) 31⁄2 (88.9) 8 (203.2) 6 by 1 9 (228.6) 5 (127.0) 18 (457.2)
2 by 2 4 (101.6) 4 (101.6) 8 (203.2) 6 by 11⁄2 9 (228.6) 51⁄2 (139.7) 18 (457.2)
3 by 1 5 (127.0) 31⁄2 (88.9) 10 (254.0) 6 by 2 9 (228.6) 6 (152.4) 18 (457.2)
3 by 11⁄2 5 (127.0) 4 (101.6) 10 (254.0) 6 by 3 9 (228.6) 61⁄2 (165.1) 18 (457.2)
3 by 2 5 (127.0) 41⁄2 (114.3) 10 (254.0) 6 by 4 9 (228.6) 8 (203.2) 18 (457.2)
3 by 3 5 (127.0) 5 (127.0) 10 (254.0) 6 by 6 9 (228.6) 9 (228.6) 18 (457.2)
4 by 1 7 (139.7) 4 (101.6) 14 (355.6)

TABLE 13 (b) Reducer Tees

B, in. (mm)
Nominal A, in. (mm) B, in. (mm) Nominal A, in. (mm) B, in. (mm) Nominal A, in. (mm)
61⁄8 in. (3.2
Size, in. 61⁄8 in. (3.2 mm) 61⁄8 in. (3.2 mm) Size, in. 61⁄8 in. (3.2 mm) 61⁄8 in. (3.2 mm) Size, in. 61⁄8 in. (3.2 mm)
mm)
11⁄2 by 1 by 11⁄2 31⁄2 (88.9) 3 (76.2) 3 by 2 by 3 5 (127.0) 41⁄2 (114.3) 6 by 1 by 6 9 (228.6) 5 (127.0)
2 by 1 by 2 4 (101.6) 3 (76.2) 4 by 1 by 4 7 (177.8) 4 (101.6) 6 by 11⁄2 by 6 9 (228.6) 51⁄2 (139.7)
2 by 11⁄2 by 2 4 (101.6) 31⁄2 (88.9) 4 by 11⁄2 by 4 7 (177.8) 41⁄2 (114.3) 6 by 2 by 6 9 (228.6) 6 (152.4)
3 by 1 by 3 5 (127.0) 31⁄2 (88.9) 4 by 2 by 4 7 (177.8) 5 (127.0) 6 by 3 by 6 9 (228.6) 61⁄2 (165.1)
3 by 11⁄2 by 3 5 (127.0) 4 (101.6) 4 by 3 by 4 7 (177.8) 51⁄2 (139.7) 6 by 4 by 6 9 (228.6) 8 (203.2)

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TABLE 14 Crosses

A, in. (mm) B, in. (mm) A, in. (mm) B, in. (mm) A, in. (mm) B, in. (mm)
Nominal Nominal Nominal
61⁄8 in. 61⁄8 in. 61⁄8 in. 61⁄8 in. 61⁄8 in. 61⁄8 in.
Size, in. Size, in. Size, in.
(3.2 mm) (3.2 mm) (3.2 mm) (3.2 mm) (3.2 mm) (3.2 mm)
1 by 1 22⁄3 (69.9) 23⁄4(69.9) 3 by 11⁄2 5 (127.0) 4 (101.6) 4 by 4 7 (177.8) 7 (177.8)
11⁄2 by 1 31⁄2 (88.9) 3 (76.2) 3 by 2 5 (127.0) 41⁄2 (114.3) 6 by 1 9 (228.6) 5 (127.0)
11⁄2 by 11⁄2 31⁄2 (88.9) 31⁄2 (88.9) 3 by 3 5 (127.0) 5 (127.0) 6 by 11⁄2 9 (228.6) 51⁄2 (139.7)
2 by 1 4 (101.6) 3 (76.2) 4 by 1 7 (177.8) 4 (101.6) 6 by 2 9 (228.6) 6 (152.4)
2 by 11⁄2 4 (101.6) 31⁄2 (88.9) 4 by 11⁄2 7 (177.8) 41⁄2 (114.3) 6 by 3 9 (228.6) 61⁄2 (165.1)
2 by 2 4 (101.6) 4 (101.6) 4 by 2 7 (177.8) 5 (127.0) 6 by 4 9 (228.6) 8 (203.2)
3 by 1 5 (127.0) 31⁄2 (88.9) 4 by 3 7 (177.8) 51⁄2(139.7) 6 by 6 9 (228.6) 9 (228.6)

TABLE 15 Reducers TABLE 16 U Bends

L, in. (mm) L, in. (mm) L, in. (mm) D, in. (mm)

Nominal Nominal Nominal Nominal Size, in.
61⁄8 in. 61⁄8 in. 61⁄8 in. 61⁄8 in. (3.2 mm)
Size, in. Size, in. Size, in.
(3.2 mm) (3.2 mm) (3.2 mm)
1 51⁄2 (139.7)
11⁄2 by 1 4 (101.6) 3 by 2 5 (127.0) 6 by 1 9 (228.6) 11⁄2 7 (177.8)
2 by 1 4 (101.6) 4 by 1 7 (177.8) 6 by 11⁄2 9 (228.6) 2 7 (177.8)
2 by 11⁄2 4 (101.6) 4 by 11⁄2 7 (177.8) 6 by 2 9 (228.6) 3 9 (228.6)
3 by 1 5 (127.0) 4 by 2 7 (177.8) 6 by 3 9 (228.6) 4 12 (304.8)
3 by 11⁄2 5 (127.0) 4 by 3 7 (177.8) 6 by 4 9 (228.6)

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 C 599
TABLE 17 Caps

Nominal Size, in. D, max, in. (mm)

1 213⁄16 (71.4)
11⁄2 39⁄16 (90.5)
2 4 (101.6)
3 413⁄16 (122.2)
4 61⁄16 (154.0)
6 71⁄8 (181.0)

TABLE 18 Lateral Y

B, in. (mm) F, in. (mm)

Nominal Size, in.
61⁄8 in. (3.2 mm) 61⁄8in. (3.2 mm)
1 51⁄2 (139.7) 37⁄8 (98.4)
11⁄2 7 (177.8) 51⁄16(128.6)
2 8 (203.2) 55⁄8 (142.9)
3 10 (254.0) 71⁄16 (179.4)
4 14 (355.6) 93⁄16 (233.4)
6 18 (457.2) 1127⁄32 (300.8)

ANNEX

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TABLE 19 Lateral Y Reducers

B, in. (mm) F, in. (mm)

Nominal Size, in.
61⁄8 in. (3.2 mm) 61⁄8 in. (3.2 mm)
2 by 1 8 (203.2) 55⁄8 (142.9)
2 by 11⁄2 8 (203.2) 55⁄8(142.9)
3 by 11⁄2 10 (254.0) 71⁄16(179.4)
3 by 2 10 (254.0) 71⁄16 (179.4)
4 by 11⁄2 14 (355.6) 93⁄16(233.4)
4 by 2 14 (355.6) 93⁄16 (233.4)
4 by 3 14 (355.6) 93⁄16 (233.4)
6 by 3 18 (457.2) 1127⁄32 (300.8)

TABLE 20 Eccentric Reducers

L, in. (mm) L, in. (mm)

Nominal Size, in. 61⁄8 in. Nominal Size, in. 61⁄8 in.
(3.2 mm) (3.2 mm)
11⁄2 by 1 4 (101.6) 4 by 11⁄2 7 (177.8)
2 by 1 4 (101.6) 4 by 2 7 (177.8)
2 by 11⁄2 4 (101.6) 4 by 3 7 (177.8)
3 by 1 5 (127.0) 6 by 11⁄2 9 (228.6)
3 by 11⁄2 5 (127.0) 6 by 2 9 (228.6)
3 by 2 5 (127.0) 6 by 3 9 (228.6)
4 by 1 7 (177.8) 6 by 4 9 (228.6)

(Mandatory Information)

A1. GENERAL REFERENCE DATA FOR LOW-EXPANSION BOROSILICATE GLASS

A1.1 Density—2.24 g/cm3, measured at room temperature
by Test Method C 693.
A1.2 Thermal Conductivity—0.73 Btu·ft/h·ft 2·°F (0.0035
cal·cm/s·cm2·°C), measured at room temperature.
A1.3 Specific Heat—0.20 Btu/lb·°F (0.20 cal/g·°C), mea-
sured at 75°C.
A1.4 Young’s Modulus—9 000 000 to 10 000 000 psi
(62 to 69 GPa) when measured at room temperature in
accordance with Test Method C 623.
A1.5 Tensile Strength—Due to effect of surface conditions
on ultimate strength, nominal design stress shall be 1000 psi
(6.9 MPa).

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