FINAL EXAMINATION IN PHILIPPINE LITERATURE

Prepared by: Michael B. Molina, LPT

ON LITERARY APPROACHES

INSTRUCTIONS: Read the poem below. Succinctly, explain the poem by applying one or more
literary approach or approaches deemed apt to the piece. This item is worth ten points (20).

Ozymandias
Percy Bysshe Shelley

I met a traveller from an antique land

Who said: Two vast and trunkless legs of stone
Stand in the desert… Near them, on the sand,
Half sunk, a shattered visage lies, whose frown,
And wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold command,
Tell that its sculptor well those passions read
Which yet survive, stamped on those lifeless things,
The hand that mocked them, and the heart that fed:
And on the pedestal these words appear:
“My name is Ozymandias, king of kings:
Look on my works, ye mighty, and despair!”
Nothing beside remains. Round the decay
Of that colossal wreck, boundless and bare
The lone and level sands stretch far away.

Explanation: Ozymandias is a greek name of the Egyptian pharaoh Ramesses II. He ruled the
Egyptian New Kingdom for sixty-six years. His reign began in 1279 BC and lasted until his death in
the summer of 1213 BC. Because of his remarkably long, prosperous rule, Ramesses II had the
option to manufactured huge amounts of goliath structures to laud himself and his domain. Many
epic sculptures of him have endure. Ramesses II's most celebrated development venture today,
however, is the Great Temple of Abu Simbel, which was worked compelled between c. 1264 BC and
c. 1244 BC. Four situated titanic sculptures of Ramesses II remain outside the sanctuary. Percy
Bysshe Shelley, a famous english poet, was born in 1793 at Horsham, England. His influences
includes William Wordsworth, typically, Shelly's works reflects his life circumstances, friends, and
political beliefs. The poem was actually written in 1817 wherein it is a phase of England's darkness.
After the long wars in Napoleon's France, England was left with victory but badly in debt. It resulted
to scarce in work and exorbitant price on food. Even the habeas corpus was suspended. In relation
to the sonnet of Ozymandias, it provide a clear picture of a temporary power, whereby, the
powerful will be powerless and its subject will suffer. The sculptor of the statue possesses an
intelligence with the emphasis on Ozymandias' wrinkled lip and sneering look clearly portraying the
absolute ruler's way looking down to his subject with a cold heart and vanity. On the pedestal of the
statue's words, “My name is Ozymandias, king of kings: Look on my works, ye mighty, and
despair!” illustrates his tyranny. The ancient king oppression to his subject especially the poor class
(slaves) and his ruthless ruling that envokes the subjects' rights according to his desire. The statue
once marked a power and control is now unrecognizable and deemed to be seen by chance.
Symbollically represent a power of man which believed to be permanent will fade its cogency over
time.

ON POSTMODERNISM AND LITERARY ARTICLES

INSTRUCTIONS: Read the following questions/statements comprehensively. Answer them by

encircling the letter of your choice.

1. How do you call when one text references another or many others building connections between texts
in the postmodern literature?
a. Intertextuality
b. Text referencing
c. Text specificity
d. Hypertextuality
2. How do you call the relationship in text between the reader and the author?
a. Horizontal axis
b. Diagonal Axis
c. Vertical Axis
d. Horizontal-Diagonal Axis
3. Which period is underscored by the statement that “nothing is original” in reference to 21 st century
literature?
a. Modernism
b. Golden Age
c. Classical Period
d. Pomo
4. What approach in 21st century literature is emphasized by a story-within-a-story?
a. Pastiche
b. Fragmentation
c. Paranoia
d. Parody
5. How do you call the movement of a group of people from its homeland to a host country which
proliferated during the Martial Law evident in literary texts?
a. Migration
b. Diaspora
c. OFW
d. Tourism
6. What is Postmodernism?
a. Trend
b. Movement
c. Vogue
d. Fashion
7. Which best exemplifies technocentrism in literature?
a. Aldub Kalyeserye
b. Curacao Cure
c. Captains Courageous
d. Ang Probinsiyano
8. The title “Pining for Pinangat” uses calque. What approach in postmodernism did the author use?
a. Intertextuality
b. Hyperreality
c. Paranoia
d. Maximalism
9. What is associated to a collage i.e. creating a literary piece from scratch but drawing on what already
exists?
a. Parody
b. Imitation
c. Mimicry
d. Pastiche
10. Which best illustrates “Manok na Pula”?
a. Pastiche
b. Paranoia
c. Minimalism
d. Parody
11. Which amongst the literary pieces typifies minimalism?
a. Curacao Cure
b. Ambahan
c. Captains Courageous
d. Pining for Pinangat
12. Which amongst the literary pieces does not stress maximalism?
a. A Game of Thrones
b. Ang Probinsiyano
c. Marvel Cinematic Universe Films
d. MMK
13. Which statement is not true based on irony in postmodern literature?
a. Irony is somehow sarcastic in nature.
b. Irony can’t be used to highlight absurdity.
c. Irony stresses severity of serious situations.
d. Irony may surface in response to something tragic like of WWII.
14. Life may seem real but it’s no longer really real. What in postmodern approach to literature does this
stress?
a. Metafiction
b. Hypertextuality
c. Hyperreality
d. Paranoia
15. How does Jean Baudrillard call the images bombarded upon us to the point of losing touch with
reality?
a. Objectics
b. Imagism
c. Simulacra
d. Tabularasa
16. How do you call the literary work that emerges out of reactions/questions from something e.g.
technology which grew at an insane rate?
a. Fragmentation
b. Paranoia
 c. Minimalism
d. Pastiche
17. Which contrasts the Age of Enlightenment?
a. Fragmentation
b. Mimicry
c. Intertextuality
d. Classical Period
18. Which trend pictures man as a weakling who cannot rise above the forces of fate, heredity, and
environment?
a. Symbolism
b. Realism
c. Naturalism
d. Realism
19. Which trend has a sentiment that “life goes on, and that man may not be perfect but has redeeming
qualities to compensate for his misfortune”?
a. Realism
b. Imagism
c. Naturalism
d. Romanticism
20. How do you call the symbols by Sigmund Freud used in literary interpretations?
a. Concrete Symbols
b. Phallic Symbols
c. Psychoanalysis
d. Oedipal Symbols
21. What type of vessel did each of the fishers in Captains Courageous use in fishing?
a. Ferry
b. Craft
c. Dory
d. Schooner
22. Who mostly taught Harvey Cheyne of life in the vessel and of fishing?
a. Disko
b. Manuel
c. Dan
d. Captain Troop
23. The spoilt rich Harvey was lucky enough to be plucked from the water by a fisherman. What was
name of the fisherman?
a. Manuel
b. Andy
c. Peter
d. Parry
24. What was the name of the mother ship to which the protagonist was taken to?
a. She’s Here
b. We’re Here
c. You’re Here
d. He’s Here
25. Which is the type of fish which Harvey caught on his first day of fishing?
a. Halibut
 b. Cod
c. Salmon
d. Tuna
26. What is the major theme of the novel of Rudyard Kipling?
a. Man vs. Man
b. Man vs. Himself
c. Man vs. Society
d. Man vs. Environment
27. The ocean liner where Harvey is aboard in the beginning of the story was heading where?
a. Europe
b. America
c. Cuba
d. Africa
28. Complete the line: As a fisherman ____.
a. Harvey saw the power of the ocean liner in a much different way and knew it was no game for the
fishermen.
b. Harvey liked to watch the ocean liners pass close by.
c. Harvey wished he could have another ride on the ocean liner and be like he was before.
d. Harvey did not change his thoughts about ocean liners.
29. What likely does the word pining in Pining for Pinangat mean?
a. Yearning
b. Eyeing
c. Waiting
d. Cooking
30. Which amongst the provinces of the mind based on Freud’s made Paulino Lim decide to not declare
his food?
a. Ego
b. Superego
c. Id
d. Alterego
31. Pinangat is just one of the many local dishes one may bring going abroad. What does such a dish
serve to a Filipino/Bicolano?
a. Appetizer
b. Homeland Remembrance
c. Antidote for Homesickness
d. Pasalubong
32. How does the author in Pining for Pinangat feel when it was his turn at the passport gate for his
declaration?
a. Smuggler
b. Druglord
c. Suspect
d. Carnapper
33. In Curacao Cure, what was, originally, Andy’s ambition?
a. Violinist
b. Paediatrician
c. Animal Medicine
d. Marine Engineer
 34. What was the name of the hotel to which Andres was looking upon the end of the story?
a. Curacao Hotel
b. Venue Hotel
c. Sunrise Hotel
d. Bay Hotel
35. What stereotype amongst Filipino mariners might be suggested in Curacao Cure?
a. Filipino seafarers are good lovers.
b. Filipino seafarers have a number of lovers, his wife aside.
c. Filipino seafarers are all affluent.
d. Filipino seafarers stick to their legal partners.
(for numbers 36 to 38)
O liyag, aking hirang
Kanina nang lumisan
Galing sa 'king dingdingan
Palay na inanihan
Akin lang iniwanan
Hinangad kong katuwang
Di basta palay lamang
Sa lakad sa ilog man
Maging sa kaparangan
Kaakbay ko saan man
Kaabay sa higaan!
36. What does the Ambahan above most likely exemplify?
a. Adult Work
b. Old Age
c. Adolescent
d. Courtship
37. What attitude is best shown of the speaker in the poem?
a. Humility to Family
b. Determination to Work
c. Love for a Sweetheart
d. Sacrificial Love
38. Which lines underscore the idea of the personae as grown-ups?
a. 10,11
b. 4,5
c. 6,7
d. 1,2
(for number 39 to 40)
Wika ng isang Mangyan
Isip ang kamatayan
Kung yayao't papanaw
Sipol akong hihiyaw
Sa landas sa 'bundukan
Kung dumatal ang asam
Pagtagpo natin hirang
Sa usal ay puspusan
Papanaw nang tuluyan
39. What emotion towards death is demonstrated in the poem?
a. Happiness
b. Loneliness
c. Solitude
d. Excitement
40. Which lines emphasize this emotion?
a. 1,2
b. 3,4,5
c. 4,5,6
d. 1,9