NAME: MUHAMMAD ZAIN ABID , SHAHAIB SHAHID& ABAD

UR REHAN
REG NO : 185 ,186, 187-FET/BSCE/F-18
185&186(PUBLIC BUILDINGS)
187(SEMI PUBLIC BUILDINGS)
SUBJECT: ARCHITECTURE AND TOWN PLANNING
TOPIC: PUBLIC AND SEMI PUBLIC BUILDINGS
INSTRUCTOR: SIR WAQAS HAROON
ASSINGMENT NO 2
Contents
PUBLIC AND SEMI PUBLIC BUILDINGS:.......................................................................................................2
PUBLIC BUILDINGS:..................................................................................................................................2
GENERAL OBSERVATION:.....................................................................................................................2
Libraries:..............................................................................................................................................3
Schools:...............................................................................................................................................3
Courthouses:.......................................................................................................................................4
Post Offices..........................................................................................................................................5
Hospital:..................................................................................................................................................6
Hostel:.....................................................................................................................................................8
Banks:....................................................................................................................................................10
SEMI-PUBLIC BUILDINGS:......................................................................................................................11
Principles:..........................................................................................................................................12
2. Providing Focal Points....................................................................................................................12
3. Image and Identity.........................................................................................................................12
Benefits of Creating Public Spaces:........................................................................................................12
 PUBLIC AND SEMI PUBLIC BUILDINGS:

PUBLIC BUILDINGS:
Public Buildings means any Building having Free Entrance or Permissable for
entry to the common masses then that building will be called public buildings and
The Buildings are made from Public Source and for public like
Government Buildings, Government Hospitals, etc.

QUAID E AZAM MONUMENT

GENERAL OBSERVATION:
Whenever it is proposed to build a museum whether large or small-there
is usually one preliminary matter to be settled : the choice of a site . Where several
possibilities are available, The drawbacks and advantages of each must be are fully
weighed. site should be central, or on the outskirts of the town. A museum should
always be readily accessible from all parts of the town by public transport and, if
possible, be within walking distance as well, and must be within easy reach of schools,
colleges, university, and libraries . Moreover, space will always be available -at least in
theory-for future expansion, either by enlargement of the original building or by the
construction of connected annexes ; The beauty of a museum is considerably enhanced
if it is surrounded by a garden which, if the local climate is propitious, can be used to
advantage for the display of certain types of exhibit, such as ancient or modern
sculpture, archaeological or architectural fragments, etc. Part of the surrounding
grounds may also provide space for a car park .

Libraries:

Public libraries are a type of building that is accessible to the public. Libraries are
funded from the government through tax dollars. Libraries offer services to residents in
the local county. They are an essential part of communities and offer many types of
services. People visit libraries for many purposes including checking out books,
magazines, publications, music and movies. The public can also visit a library to
access the Internet, make photocopies and to join different types of programs.
Libraries often offer programs such as children’s reading programs, book reviews and
crocheting clubs.

National Library of Pakistan , Islamabad

Schools:

Another type of public building is schools. Public schools exist in nearly every town in
this country. These schools are for grades kindergarten through 12th grade. Many
public schools are divided by grades where elementary grades are held in a different
building than junior high and high school. Public schools are also funded through the
government. Children are required to attend school and the public schools offer free
education to all students. Most public schools do however charge a technology fee
and book rental fee.
 Bank view school Liverpool , England

Courthouses:

Courthouses are a common public building found in nearly every county in the
country. A county, which can be made up of several towns, typically has one
courthouse for the entire county. The courthouse is a public building that is also
funded through the government. The public utilize a courthouse for many different
purposes. Trials are held at courthouses, important documents are retrieved and most
health departments are located within a courthouse.
 Supreme court of Pakistan , Islamabad

palais de justice
,Paris

Post Offices

A post office is a government owned public building. A post office is a not-for-profit

organization that is open to the public. The post office performs many different mail
functions including receiving it, handling it and delivering it. The public can also rent
post office boxes, obtain passport applications and purchase money orders there.

A street are the connections between spaces and places , as well as being spaces
themselves. They defined by their physical dimension and character as well as the
size, scale and character of the buildings that line them. Transport system connect the
parts of cities and help shape them, and enable movement throughout the cities. They
included road, rail, bicycle and pedestrian networks and together from the total
movement system of a city. The balance of these various transport system is what
helps to define the quality and character of cities and makes them either friendly to
pedestrian. The landscape is the green part throughout the city – in the form of urban
parks, street trees, plants, flowers and water in many forms. The landscape helps
define the character and beauty of a city and creates soft, contrasting spaces and
elements.
 Pakistan Post office

Hospital:

Hospital is place where people are treated for various diseases and also given advices
for healthy living. Human health and environmental hygiene are the two vital
prerequisites for the growth of strong and prosperous nation. While planning health
buildings, factors as psychology of patients, lighting, ventilation and acoustics,
orientation and thermal comfort, aesthetics and color scheme; circulation, entry and
exit traffic flow control play a vital role. The buildings for health may be classified as
clinics, health centers, maternity homes, nursing homes, general hospitals, super
specialty hospitals etc.

Planning: Hospitals essentially are divided into two main units:

1. Out-patient care

2. In-patient care

(i) Out-patient department

Out-patient department (OPD) provides consultation, investigation, diagnosis and

treatment for patients who require little or no recovery services and not admitted into
the wards. It consists of a spacious waiting hall, consulting rooms, dispensary,
emergency section, office, stores and sanitary units. Consulting rooms for medicine,
surgical, E.N.T., Dentistry, Gynecology, Pediatrics, Orthopedic, Psychiatrics, Family
planning, Skin, Venereal diseases, Urology and Radiology are required. Ophthalmic
room requires a minimum length of 6.3 m for eye testing and hence, a length of 7 m is
required for it. The floor area of each consultant is 10 sq. m. to 12 sq. m. Its entrance
is designed to suit the disabled in wheel chair. The waiting hall space is provided at
the rate of 1.4 sq. m. per patient and is a minimum of 36 sq. m. The area for
emergency section and dispensary are 10 sq. m. to 15 sq. m. and 20 sq. m. to 30 sq.
m respectively.

(ii) In-patient department (IPD)

It consists of all facilities required for treatment of patients admitted into wards. These
are wards, operating theaters, radiology department, pathology department,
psychiatric department, accident and emergency department, intensive care unit, path
Cinema Building:
A cinema building is used for cinematographic exhibition.

 Site selection:

 The construction of cinema buildings is not allowed in residential areas and streets of
heavy traffic because these create problems to the public and also to the local
authorities. The following points should be kept in mind while selecting site for a
cinema building.

1. Site is easily accessible from all locations and approachable by local transport.
2. The area of the site should be sufficient to locate cinema building, drive ways, water
fountain, garden, car-parks and cycle stand. It should be a minimum of 0.2 to 0.4
hectares.
3. It should be at a minimum distance of 185 m from schools, hospitals and places of
worship.
 Hostel:
A hostel is a building providing residential accommodation with or without food facility
for a selected group of people such as:
1. Students
2. Unmarried employees
3. Tourists
Students hostels are attached to the concerned school or college and are run by the
respective managements.
  Site selection:
1. Site should be neat pleasant less noisy
2. The site should be pollution free
3. Post telephone fax facilities should be available at the sit
4. Walking distance between the hostel and school or college should never exceed
five to seven minutes.

Main components
1. Main Entrance Hall:

It is a spacious area incorporatingGeneral notice board, Notice board containing the

particulars of inmates

2. Warden office:

Warden may be provided with separate residential accommodation close to the hostel.
Separate hostel office building may be provided in case of bigger hostel complex. But
in some cases as an isolated hostel building separate rooms for residential warden of
floor area not less than 20sq m , committee room of floor area not less than 30sq m.
house keeper of floor area not less than 10sq m are provided .

3.Residential Area:

In a students hostel accommodation is to be provided for 210 days to 230 days in a

year. The accommodation can be
1. Single seater rooms 10sq m to 15sq m
2. Double seater rooms 15sq m to 20sq m
3. Three seater rooms 20sq m to 25sq m
4. Four seater 25sq m to 36sq m

4. Dining Hall:

It is either incorporated along with the residential rooms or separately provided such
that it involves not more than five minutes walk from the residential block. Dining hall
should be so designed such that it can accommodate 33% to 50% of strength of the
hostel at a time.The design value is 1.2sq m per resident of the hostel. Single table of
6 seater tables are provided with chairs. More than six per table may not be
convenient for easy serving and cleaning.

ology laboratory, post modem rooms and mortuary.

Banks:
A bank is a financial institution licensed to receive deposits and make loans. Banks
may also provide financial services such as wealth management, currency exchange,
and safe deposit boxes. There are several different kinds of banks including retail
banks, commercial or corporate banks, and investment banks. In most countries,
banks are regulated by the national government or central bank.

Selection of Sites:

The selection of a site for a bank depends of business. Saving banks are generally
located in residential suburban and rural areas. Commercial banks are located in a
business locality, where commercial forms conduct their business and carry on trade.

Functional units

• Banking:

The activity of banking needs areas for public space, working spaces for tellers
counter and officers platform. The size of public space will be decided by the volume
of bank business and the span of working hours. The public lounges may be provided
with accompanying toilet facilities for convenience of the customer. Writing desk of at
least 600mm width and 450mm depth per person are to be provided.The basis for
provision for working space and public space may be adopted as 5sq m to 6.5sq m
per counter window. The length of counter is about 1.2m to 1.5m per clerk and height
from the floor is usually kept at 1.6m to 1.8m. Width of the cabinet or depth of the
counter may be varying from 450 mm to 900 mm depending upon the requirement.
The space below the counters can be used for drawers or cabinets for keeping
ledgers, pass-books, signature cards etc. The width of the working space leaving 450
mm for chair varies from 1.2 m to 3 m according to the requirement.

The officer’s platform is set apart from the public space by a minimum barrier of some
sort, such as change in level, of different floor material or covering, low rails, low
partitions etc. It should be near main entrance where officers can see the incoming
customers. Senior officers are placed in more remote parts of the platform for greater
privacy. And area of 9.25 sq. m. to 11 sq. m. per officer is generally provided.

Various spacing standards for planning a new bank building are given below:

1. Entrance and moving space- 2m wide

2. Counter height- 1.6 m to 1.8 m

Counter width- 0.4 m to 0.8 m

3. Working space behind the counter- 3 m wide

4. Managers room- 10 m2 to 15 m2

5. Meeting hall- 20 m2 to 40 m2

6. Working space per clerk- 8 m2 to 10 m2

SEMI-PUBLIC BUILDINGS:
A broader meaning of public space or place includes also that places
where everybody can come if they pay, like a café, in train and movie theater etc.
Government buildings which are open to the public, such as public libraries are public
spaces, although they tend to have restricted areas and greater limits upon use.

A shop is an example of what is intermediate between the two meanings: everybody

can enter and look around without obligation to buy, but activities unrelated to the
purpose of the shop are not

unlimitedly permitted.

The semi-public zone includes all the -civic spaces’ surrounding a public building, as
well as the building facade, entrance, and ground floors, and is managed by the building
manager or their service provider. To create a good transition to the building property,
the outer edge of semi-public zones are often bordered by attractive fences, bollards,
or planting beds, and programmed with a range of amenities and activities for public
use. Gardens, fountains, seating areas, and kiosks with small outdoor dining areas are
all possible amenities to consider for this zone. Through careful planning and
management, many of these institutions have succeeded in creating lively civic spaces
– without sacrificing standards for security and cleanliness – for which the public itself
assumes a sense of ownership and responsibility.
 Principles:
1. Connecting the Sidewalk to the Building

Exterior spaces bridge the gap between the building and the surrounding sidewalks. Depending
on how this critical transition is treated, the flow from public zone to semipublic zone may seem
smooth and seamless.

2. Providing Focal Points

One way of welcoming the public into a building’s exterior spaces is to provide
functional focal points such as kiosks, sculpture, or benches, where people can meet
before entering or after leaving the building.

3. Image and Identity

Exterior public spaces offer a prime opportunity to put a strong image and identity for a
public building. Through the use of elements such as fountains, gardens, and public art,
these spaces can become recognizable destinations and seasonal draws and
attractions.

4. Programming and Management

A building’s semi-public spaces require more management than other areas. Because exterior
spaces are ideally suited for public events such as live performances and festivals .

5. Building Base

It’s essential for property managers who want their buildings to strengthen the fabric of the
neighborhood. the base of the building should include elements of visual interest that attract
pedestrians and gives them a positive impression of the building as they walk.

6. Human Scale
Elements located at the base of the builidings should be of a scale that is accessiblefor viewing
by pedestrians

Benefits of Creating Public Spaces:

 Support local economies

 Attract business investments
 Attract tourism
 Improve public health
 5.Improve the environment
 Provide cultural opportunities
 Encourage volunteerism