CD Bullets

 A disease where an infectious agent spreads from one host to another, either directly or indirectly is known as
Communicable Disease
 A disease that easily spreads from one person to another is known as a Contagious disease
 All contagious diseases are communicable but not all communicable diseases are contagious.
 Occurrence:
o Worldwide - Pandemic
o Occasional - Sporadic
o Always present - Endemic
o “Outbreak” - Epidemic
 Manifestations
o Objective - Signs
o Subjective - Symptoms
o Group of signs and symptoms - Syndrome
 Severity
o Rapid onset, easily resolved : Acute
o Slow onset, long-lasting (at least 6 months) : Chronic
o Between acute and chronic : Subacute
o Agent became dormant but soon reactivated : Latent
 Stages of illness
o Time interval between the initial infection and the 1st appearance of any manifestations: Incubation period
o Early, mild symptoms of disease: Prodromal Period
 Reservoir:
o Amoebiasis : GI o Influenza : Respiratory
o Chicken pox : Respiratory o Measles : Respiratory
o Cholera : GI o Pneumonia : Respiratory
o Diphtheria : Respiratory o PTB : Respiratory
o Gonorrhea : Reproductive o Syphilis : Reproductive
o Hepatitis A : GI o Typhoid : GI
o Hepatitis B : Blood
o HIV : Blood
 Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
o Agent : Flaviviridae
o Vector : Aedes Aegypti
o Incubation Period : 2-7 days
o Diagnostic : Tourniquet Test
 Filiariasis
o Agent : Wuchereria Bancrofti
o Vector : Mosquito
o Diagnostic : Blood smear
o DOC : Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)
 Leptospirosis
o AKA : Weil’s disease
o Agent : Leptospires (spirochetes)
o Vector : Animal urine
o Diagnostic : Leptospira Agglutination Test
o Organs affected : Liver & kidneys
o DOC : Doxycycline
 Malaria
o Agent : Plasmodia
o Most common : Plasmodium Falcifarum
o Vector : Anopheles
o Complication : Anemia
o Diagnostic : Malarial Smear
o Mainstay drug : Chloroquine
 Bacterial Meningitis
o Triad of Meningeal Irritation
 Fever
 Altered LOC
 Neck stiffness
o Signs of Increased ICP
 BP & temp = increased
 RR & HR = decreased
 Altered LOC
 I rritability
 N&V
 Seizures
o Signs of Increased ICP: Cushing’s Triad
 Systolic hypertension
 Widened pulse pressure
 Bradycardia
 Poliomyelitis
o Agent : Legio debilitans
 o Incubation period : 7-12 days
o MOT : Fecal – Oral
o Diagnostic : Pandy’s Test
 Tetanus
o Agent : Clostridium Tetani
o Toxins : Tetanospasmin & Tetanolysin
o Altered neurotransmitter : GABA
o DOC : Metronidazole
 Schistosomiasis
o Agent (common) : Schistosoma Japonicum
o Intermediate host : Oncomelania Quadrasi
o DOC : Praziquantel
 Typhoid Fever
o AKA : Enteric Fever
o Agent : Salmonella Typhosa
o Pathognomonic : Rose Spots
o Vector : Humans
o DOC : Chloramphenicol
 Measles
o Agent : Rubeola
o Common complication : Otitis Media and bronchopneumonia
o Chronic complication : SSPE
 Diphtheria
o Agent : C. Diphtheriae
o Common complication : Myocarditis
o DOC : Penicillin
 Pulmonary Tuberculosis
o Agent : Mycobacterium Tubercle
o Pathognomonic : Night sweats
o Screening : Mantoux Test
o Primary diagnostic : DSSM
o Confirmatory : Sputum culture
o TB drugs side effects:
 R : Orange urine
 I : Neuritis and hepatitis
 P : Hyperuricemia
 E : Optic nerve neuritis
 S : Ototoxicity
 Cholera
o Most common (Philippines) : V. Coma
o MOT : Fecal-Oral
o Toxin : Choleragen
o DOC : Tetracycline
 Classics
o Hemorrhagic rashes - Menigococcemia
o Koplik’s spots - Measles
o Hydrophobia - Rabies
o Landry’s sign - Poliomyelitis
o Lockjaw - Tetanus
o Forchheimer’s spots - German measles
o Hansen’s disease - Leprosy
o Rose Spots - Typhoid fever
o Infectious hepatitis - Hepatitis A
o Serum hepatitis - Hepatitis B
o Reactivated Dormant Hepa B - Hepatitis D
o Hepatitis leading to cancer - Hepatitis E
o 7-day fever - Measles
o 3-day fever - German Measles
o Spiking fever followed by rashes - Roseola Infantum
o Acute parotitis - Mumps
o Rice, watery stools - Cholera
o Reverse transcriptase - HIV
o Morning drop - Gonorrhea
o Bad blood - Syphilis
o Night sweats - PTB