NORMAL

MYCOFLORA
mohamad alfitroh harun
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UNDERSTANDING NORMAL
MYCOFLORA
Humans are in constant contact with thousands of microorganisms. Microbes are not
only present in the environment, but also inhabit the human body. The microbes that
naturally inhabit the human body are called normal flora, or microbiota. In addition,
it is also mentioned that normal flora is a collection of microorganisms that are
naturally found in the normal and healthy human body. Most of the normal flora
found in the human body is of the bacterial type. However some viruses, fungi, and
protozoa can also be found in healthy people. (Fardiaz S, 1992.)
To be able to cause disease, pathogenic microorganisms must be able to enter the
host's body, but not all growth microorganisms in the host's body can cause disease.
Many microorganisms grow on the surface of the host's body without invading body
tissues and impairing the normal functioning of the body.
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THE ORIGIN OF MICROBIOTA IN
THE HUMAN BODY
Under natural circumstances, the human fetus first acquires microorganisms
as it passes along the birth canal. The tiny bodies were obtained by surface
contact, swallowing or suction. These microbes are soon accompanied by other
microbes from many sources that are directly around the newborn.
Microorganisms that find a suitable environment, on the outer or inner
surface of the body, quickly multiply and settle. (Budiyanto, 2005)
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CLASSIFICATION OF NORMAL
FLORA IN THE HUMAN BODY
The normal flora of the human body based on the shape and nature of its
presence can be classified into 2 types, namely:
Fixed/normal microorganisms (resident flora/indigenous)
Certain types of microorganisms are usually found on certain parts of the body
and at certain ages. The existence of microorganisms will always remain, both in
type and number, if there is a change it will return to normal. The other normal
flora is mutualism. This normal flora will get food from secretions and waste
products of the human body, and the body obtains vitamins or substances
synthesized from normal flora. These microorganisms can generally survive
worse conditions than their environment.
For example: Streptococcus viridans, S. faecalis, Pityrosporum ovale, Candida
albicans.

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2. Transient microorganisms (transient flora)

namely nonpathogenic or potentially pathogenic microorganisms that reside in
the skin and mucous membranes / mucosa for a period of several hours, days, or
weeks. The presence of these microorganisms exists suddenly (not fixed) can be
caused by environmental influences, does not cause disease and does not settle.
Temporary flora is usually few as long as the flora remains intact, if the flora
remains unchanged, Then the normal flora will colonize, multiply and cause
disease.
Examples: Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp, Shigella sp, Clostridium perfringens,
Giardia lamblia, Norwalk virus and hepatitis A virus.

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FACTORS AND MECHANISMS OF

NORMAL FLORA
The mechanism of bacteria in determining the
Factors affecting the presence of normal flora
specificity of their host

1. Nutrition 1.Tissue tropism

2. Cleanliness of a person 2. Compliance specifics
3. Living conditions 3. Biofilm Formation
4. Application of health principles

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TYPES OF NORMAL FLORA IN THE HUMAN BODY
Skin
nose
mouth
oropharynx
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
urethra
eyes
ears
blood bacteria
and vagina
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