INTERNATIONAL tso

STANDARD 7823-1

Fourthedition
2003-06-01

Plastics: Poly(methylmethacrylate)
sheets- Types,dimensionsand
characteristics-
Part1:
Cast sheets
Plastiques- Plaques en poly(méthacrylatede méthyle) - Types,
dimensions et caractéristiques-
Paftie 1: Plaquescoulées

Reference
number
=ñ: ISO7823-1:2003(E)

ilso=
M o tso 2003
 ISO7823-1:2003(E)

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Contents

2 Normativereferences .........1
3 Termsand definitions. -.-.-...2

5 Generalrequirements...:............... '....'...3

7 Retestand rejection.... --.-.-.'7

AnnexA (normative) of dimensionalchangeon heating(shrinkage)
Determination 8
............'-

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ISO7823-1:2003(E)

Foreword
ISO (the lnternational
Organization is a worldwidefederationof nationalstandardsbodies
for Standardization)
(lSO member bodies).The work of preparingInternationalStandardsis normallycarried out through ISO
technicalcommittees.Each member body interestedin a subjectfor which a technicalcommitteehas been
establishedhas the rightto be representedon that committee.International
organizations,governmentaland
non-governmental,in liaison with lSO, also take part in the work. ISO collaboratesclosely with the
lnternational Commission(lEC)on all mattersof electrotechnical
Electrotechnical standardization.

fnternationalStandardsare draftedin accordancewith the rulesgiven in the ISO/lECDirectives,Part2.

The main task of technicalcommitteesis to prepare InternationalStandards.Draft InternationalStandards

adopted by the technicalcommitteesare circulatedto the member bodies for voting. Publicationas an
Standardrequiresapprovalby at least75 o/oof the memberbodiescastinga vote.
International

Attentionis drawn to the possibilitythat some of the elementsof this documentmay be the subjectof patent
rights.ISO shall not be held responsiblefor identifyingany or all such patentrights.

ISO 7823-1was preparedby TechnicalCommitteeISO/TC61, Plastics,SubcommitteeSC 11, Products.

This fourth edition cancels and replacesthe third edition (lSO 7823-1:1998),which has been technically
revised.

ISO 7823 consists of the following parts, under the general title P/asfics - Poly(methyl methacrylate)
sheefs - Types, dimensions and characterisfics:

Pañ 1: Casf sheefs

Part 2: Extruded sheefs

Pa¡73: Continuouscasf sheefs

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INTERNATIONALSTANDARD ISO7823-1:2003(E)

sheets- Types,
Plastics- Poly(methylmethacrylate)
dimensionsand characteristics-
Part1:
Gastsheets

I Scope
This part of ISO 7823 specifiesrequirementsfor non-modifiedflat poly(methylmethacrylate)(PMMA) cast
sheets(plates)for general-purposeuse. The sheetsmay be colourlessor coloured,and may be transparent,
translucentor opaque.

The thicknessrangeof the sheetscoveredby this partof ISO 7823 is 1,5 mm to 25 mm.

2 Normative references

The following referenceddocuments are indispensablefor the applicationof this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document(includingany amendments)applies.

ISO 62:1999,P/astrcs- Determinationof water absorption

fSO 75-1:-1), Ptastics- Determinationof t"rp"ruture of deflectionunder toad- Partl: General test
method

ISO 75-2:-2), Plastics- Determination of temperature of deftection under toad - Pa¡72: P/asfics, ebonite
and Iong-ftbre-reinforced com posites

ISO 178:2001,Plastics- Determinationof flexuralpropefties

ISO 179-1:2000,P/asfics- Determinationof Charpy impact properties- Partl: Non-instrumentedimpact

fesf

ISO 291:1997, P/asfics- Standard atmospheres for conditioningand testing

ISO 306:-3), P/astics- Thermoplastic materials- Determination of Vicat softeningtemperature (VST)

ISO 489:1999,P/asúics- Determinationof refractiveíndex

ISO 527-1:1993,P/asfics- Determinationof tensileproperties- Part 1: Generalprinciples

1) To be published.(Revisionof ISO 75-1:1993)

2) To be published.(Revisionof ISO 75-2:1993)
3) To be published.(Revisionof ISO 306:1994)

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 ISO7823-1:2003(E)

lSO527-2:1993, P/asfics- Determinationof tensileproperfies- Part2: Test conditionsfor moulding and

extrusion p/asfics

lSO877:1994, Plastics- Methods of exposure to direct weathering, to weathering using gtass-fittered

daylight, and to intensified weatheringby daytight using Fresnelmirrors

ISO 1183-1.-4), Plastics- Methodsfor determiningthe densityof non-cellularplastics_ part 1: lmmersion

method, liquid pyknometer method and titration method

fSO 1183-2:-4), Plastics- Methods for determiningthe densityof non-cellutar ptastics_ part2: Density
gradient column method

ISO 2039-2:1987,Plastics- Determinationof hardness- Paft 2: Rockwetthardness

lso 2818:1994, Plastics- preparationof test specimensby machining

ISO 2859-1:1999,Samplingprocedures for inspectionby attribufes- Pa¡t 1: Samptingschemes indexed

by
acceptance qualíty limit (AQL) for tot-by-tot inspection

lSO4582:1998, P/asfics- Determinationof changesin colour and variationsin propertiesafter exposure

to
daylight under glass,natural weathering or laboratory light sources

fSO 4892-2:1994,Plastics- Methodsof exposureto taboratorytight sources- Part 2: Xenon-arcsources

ISO 4892-4:1994,Plastics- Methods of exposure to taboratorylight sources- Part 4: Open-flame carbon-

arc lamps

ISO 11359-2:1999,P/asfics- Thermomechanicalanalysis

ÍMA) - Part2: Determinationof coefficientof
linear thermal expansionand glass transition temperatuie

ISO 13468-1:1996,Plastics- Determinationof the totatluminous transmittanceof transparentmaterials-

Pa¡71: Single-beaminstrument

ISO 13468-2:1999,P/asfics- Determinationof the totatluminous transmittanceof transparentmaterials-

Paft 2: Double-beaminstrument

lso 14782:1999,P/asfics- Determinationof haze for transparentmaterials

3 Termsand definitions
Forthepurposes
of thisdocument,
thefollowing
termsanddefinitions
apply.
3.1
non-modified
cast PMMAsheets
sheetsbasedon homopolymers of MMA, or copolymers of MMA with acrylicor methacrylic
monomers,
produced
by bulkpolymerization
in the presence
of suitable
initiators
3.2
flat PMMAsheets
sheetswithtwoplane,substantially
parallelsurfaces

4) To be published.(Revisionin partsof ISO 1183:i987)

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4 Composition
The amountsof plasticizingingredients(materialsthat do not undergochemicalreactionto becomea part of
the polymer),othermonomersand crosslinkingagents(materialsthat producethe links betweenthe chainsof
polymers)presentshall be such that the basic propertiesare not changedfrom the valuesgiven in Table 3.
Theseamountsare in most cases lessthan a mass fractionof 3 %.

Otheradditives,e.g. colorants,UV adsorbersand pigments,may be includedto give specificproperties.

Nationalenvironmental
legislationand regulationsshall be followedregardingadditives.

5 Generalrequirements

5.1 Protectivecover¡ngs
Unless otherwiseagreed upon by the interestedparties,the surfacesof the sheet, as delivered,shall be
protectedby suitablematerials,for example kraft paper securedwith a water-solubleor pressure-sensitive
adhesive,or a polyethylenefilm, which are readily removablewithout causing surface contaminationor
damage.

5.2 Appearance

5.2.1 Surface defects

The sheet shall have a smooth surface.There shall be no scratches,marks or other surfacedefectslarger
than 3 mm2 each anywherein the sheet.

5.2.2 Inclusion defects

There shall be no bubbles,inclusions,cracks or other defectsthat could adverselyatfectthe performanceof

the sheet in its intendedapplicationwhichare largerthan 3 mm2 each anywherein the sheet.

5.2-3 Classification of defects

The area of any defect found in the sheets shall be classifiedas specified in Table 1. Each defect shall be
consideredseparately.

Table I - Classificationof defects

Glassification Area of surface defect Area of inclusiondefect

Negligible Lessthan 'l mm2 Less than 1 mm2
Acceptable 1 mm2to 3 mm2 1 mm2to 3 mm2

5.2.4 Distribution of defects

5.2.4.1 There shall not be a significantnumber (for the application)of small defects,each of which is
definedas negligiblein Table 1, within 1 m2 anywherein the sheet. What constitutesa significantnumber
shall be agreed betweenthe interestedparties.

5.2.4.2 No defectdefinedas acceptablein Table 1 shall be within 500 mm of anotheracceptabledefect

anywherein or on the sheet.

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5.3 Colour
The colourdistributionshall be homogeneous,unlessotherwisespecified.Variationsin colourshall be agreed
upon betweenthe interestedparties.

5.4 Dimensions

5.4.1 Length and width

The lengthand width of the sheet shall be agreed upon betweenthe interestedparties.For cut sheets,the
tolerancesfor each sheetshall be as specifiedin Table2.

Table 2 - Toleranceson length and width of cut sheets

Length or width Tolerance

mm mm
+3
Upto 1 000 0
+6
From1 001to 2 000 0
+9
From2 001to 3 000 0
+O,3 o/'
3 001 and over 0

5.4.2 Thickness

The thicknesstolerancefor sheets in the range from 1,5 mm to 25 mm and up to 6 m2 in area shall be
t (0,4mm + 0,1h),whereft is the nominalsheetthicknessin millimetres,

The tolerancesapplywithineach sheetand from sheetto sheet.

5.4.3 Tolerancesfor other sheet sizes

Tolerancesfor sheet sizes and thicknessesoutsidethe above ranges shall be agreed upon betweenthe
interestedparties.

5.4.4 Conditions of measurement

Measurementsof dimensionsshall be made at room temperature,except that, in cases of dispute,

measurementsshall be made under standardconditions,as specifiedin ISO 291. For measurementsmade
under ambientconditions,due allowanceshall be made for dimensionalchangesdue to the differencesin
temperatureand relativehumiditybetweentest locations.

5.5 Basicand other properties

5.5.1 Basicproperties
thermaland opticalpropertiesof sheetsshall be as specifiedin Table3.
The basicmechanical,

5.5.2 Other propertíes

Other propertiesof sheets shall be agreed upon between the interestedparties. Examplesof, and test
methodsfor, such propertiesare presentedin Table4.

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Table 3 - Basic propertíes of PMMA cast sheets - Requiredvalues

Property Unit Test method Requiredvalue Subclause

Tensilestrength MPa lso 527-2l1Bl5 min.70 6.5.2
Tensilestrain % tso 527-2t1Bt5 min.4 6.5.2
Modulus in tension
of elasticity MPa lso 527-2l1Bl1 m i n . 30 0 0 6.5.2
Charpyimpactstrength(unnotched) kJlm2 tso 179-1/1fU m i n .1 3 6.5.3
Vicatsoftening
temperature "C ISO 306:-. m i n .1 0 5 6.6.1
method B50
changeon heating(shrinkage)
Dimensional % AnnexA max.2,5 6.6.3
Totalluminoustransmittancea o/
tso 13468-1 min.90 6.8.1
Light transmittanceat 420 nm
(thickness3 mm)a
beforeexposureto xenon lamp % tso 13468-2 min.90 6.8.3
after exposureto xenon lamp for % tso 13468-2 min.88 6.8.3
1 000 h (lSO 4892-2:1994, methodA)
a For transparent,colourlessmaterial.

Table 4 - Other properties of PMMA cast sheets - Typical values

Property Unit Test method Typical value Subclause

Flexuralstrength MPa tso 178 1 0 0t o 1 1 5 6.5.1
Rockwellhardness tso 2039-2 100to 105 6.5.4
Linearexpansioncoefiicient K-1 tso 11359-2 7 x 10-5 6.6.4
Temperatureof deflectionunder load tso 75-2lA 95 to 100 o.o.z

Hazea %o tso 14782 0,5to 1 6.8.2

Refractiveindex, n;3 ISO 489:1999.methodA 1,49 6.8.4
Densitya'b g/cm3 ISO1183-1:-. 1,19 6.9.1
methodA or C.
or ISO 1183-2
Waterabsorption oÁ
ISO 62:1999.method1 nÁc 6.9.2
( 2 4h , 2 3 " C )
a For transparent,colourlessmaterial.
b Colouredsheetsmay have a highervalue.
c Value reported refers to a square specimen of edge 50 mm and thickness 3 mm.

6 Test methods

6.1 General

6.1.1 Sampling

The sampling procedureshall be agreed upon betweenthe interestedparties.The samplingproceduregiven

in ISO 2859-1is widelyacceptedand frequentlyused.Henceit is recommended.

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6.1.2 Conditioningand testing atmospheres

Conditioning of specimens(48 h) and tests shall be carriedout in accordancewith ISO 291 at23"C+2"C
and (50 !5)o/o relativehumidity,exceptfor the Vicat softeningtemperature,temperatureof deflectionunder
loadand dimensional changeon heating(shrinkage) (see6.6.1,6.6,2 and 6.6.3).

6.1.3 Preparationof test specimens

Specimensshall be preparedin accordancewith the proceduresspecifiedin ISO 2818,whereverapplicable.

When it is necessaryto machinethe sheetto the thicknessrequiredfor a particulartest method,one original

surface shall be left intact.

6.1.4 Specimenthickness

When the sheet has a thickness less than that requiredfor the specimensin a particulartest method,
specimenshavingthe thicknessof the sheetshall be used.

6.2 Appearance
Defects and their distributionshall be evaluatedby inspectingthe sheet illuminatedby daylightor by a
daylight-typefluorescentlamp with a colourtemperatureof 6 500 K + 650 K and a power rating of not less
than40 W.

6.3 Golour
Colour differences between a reference material (standard)and the test sample shall be determined by
methodsagreedupon by the interestedparties.

6.4 Dimensions
6.4.', The length and width shall be measuredto the nearest 1,0 mm, in accordancewith 5.4.4, using a
graduatedrule.

6.4.2 The thicknessshall be measuredto the nearest0,05 mm, in accordancewith 5.4.4,usinga calibrated
micrometeror dial gauge,or an ultrasonicprobe.Measurementsshall be carriedout at not lessthan 100 mm
from the sheet edge.

6.5 Mechanicalproperties

6.5.1 The flexuralpropertiesshall be determinedin accordancewith ISO 178, using, when possible,a
4-mmthick specimen.The originalsurface shall be put under tension wheneverthe specimenhas been
machinedto the specifieddimensions.

6.5.2 The tensile propertiesshall be determinedin accordancewith ISO 527-1 and ISO 527-2, using
type 1B specimens. The test speed for tensile strength and for tensile strain at break shall be
5 mm/min+ '1mm/minand for the modulusof elasticityin tension1 mm/min+ 0,2 mm/min.

6.5.3 The Charpy impact strength shall be determinedin accordancewith ISO 179-1/1fU,using the
standardunnotchedbar (dimensionsof the specimenB0 mm x 10 mm x 4 mm). The pendulumshallstrikethe
surfacethat is oppositeto the originalone if the specimenhas been machinedto the specifieddimensions.

6.5.4 The Rockwellhardnessshall be determinedin accordancewith ISO 2039-2,scale M, on the original

cast surface.

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6.6 Thermalproperties
6.6.1 The Vicat softeningtemperatureshall be determinedin accordancewith ISO 306:-, methodB50,
'Clh + 5 'C/h. Beforethe test, the specimens
using the originalcast surface.The rate of heatingshall be 50
shall be conditionedfor 16 h at 80 "C + 2 "C and cooledto room temperaturein a desiccator.

6.6.2 The temperatureof deflectionunder load shall be determinedin accordancewith ISO 75-1:- and
'C + 2 'C and
ISO 75-2:-, methodA. Before the test, the specimensshall be conditionedfor 16 h at 80
cooled to room temperaturein a desiccator.Measurementsshall not be carried out on specimenswith a
thicknessbelow3 mm.

6.6.3 The dimensionalchange on heating (shrinkage)shall be determinedby the method describedin

AnnexA.

6.6.4 The linearexpansioncoefficientshall be determinedin accordancewith ISO 11359-2.

6.7 Flammability

The flammabilityand burningpropertiesshall be determinedin accordancewith nationalfireregulations.

6.8 Opticalpropert¡es
6.8.1 The total luminous transmittanceshall be determined using illuminantDuu in accordancewith
ISO 13468-1on specimens1,5mm to 5 mm thick.

6.8.2 Haze shall be determinedin accordancewith ISO 14782on specimens1,5 mm to 5 mm thick.

6.8.3 The light transmittanceat 420 nm, before and after exposure for 1 000 h to a xenon lamp in
accordancewith ISO 4892-2:1994,methodA, shall be determinedwith a spectrometricsystem in accordance
with fSO 13468-2,usinga specimen1,5 mm to 5 mm thick.By agreementbetweenthe interestedparties,the
be determinedafterexposureto a carbon-arclamp (see ISO 4892-4).
lighttransmittancemay alternatively

6.8.4 The refractiveindexshall be determinedin accordancewith ISO 489:1999.methodA.

6.9 Otherproperties
6.9.1 The densityshall be determinedin accordancewith ISO 1183-1:-, methodA or C, or ISO 1183-2.

6.9.2 The waterabsorptionshall be determinedin accordancewith ISO 62:1999,method1 (24h at 23 "C).

6.9.3 The natural-weathering performanceshall be determinedin accordancewith ISO 877; the resistance
to exposureto artificiallight shall be determinedin accordancewith ISO 4892-2:1994,methodA. Changes in
colour and propertiesafter exposureshall be determinedin accordancewith ISO 4582. The detailsof these
testsshall be agreedupon betweenthe interestedparties.

7 Retestand rejection
lf anyfailureoccurs,the material
maybe retested
by agreement parties.
the interested
between

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ISO7823-1:2003(E)

AnnexA
(normative)

Determinationof dimensionalchangeon heating(shrinkage)

A.1 Specimens
equally
Cut threesquarespecimensof side 100 mm + 2 mm from the samplesheet at positionsapproximately
spacedacrossthe widthof the sample'
.C + 2'C for 48 h and then allowthem to cool to room temperature(18 "C to 28 'C;
Dry the specimensat 70
in áasesof dispute2g"C+ 2'C) in a desiccator.Forthe purposesof on-linequalitycontroltesting,this drying
stagemay be omitted,but in casesof disputeit is required.

Markthe four sidesand measurethe lengthof each to the nearest0,02 mm.

A.2 Heatingprocedure
place the specimenshorizontallyon a plateon a shelf in an oven maintainedat 160 "C+2 "C. Take suitable
precautionsto avoid the specimbnsstickingto the plate:for example,coverthe platewith a layerof talc. The
time,which dependson the thicknessof the sheet,shallbe as given in TableA.1.
i-reating

Table A.1 - Heatingtime

Thickness Time
mm min

1 , 5t o 5 OU

>5 75

NOTE When the specimenwarps on heatingand its dimensionsare difficultto measure,warpingcan be reducedby
placingthe specimenon the
sprinklinga light coveringof talc ouér an aluminii¡msheet of for example0,5 mm thickness,
sheet an-optaiing a frarñe-likespacer, which is somewhat larger and thicker than the specimen, around the specimen,
room foitne specimen io expand. Then sprinkle a tignt covering of talc over the specimen, place a second
leaving
aluminiumsheetoverthe specimenand spacer,and fastenthe two aluminiumsheets together with
lightly clips.

A.3 Goolingprocedure
to coolto roomtemperature
Allowthe specimens (18"C to 28 "C; in casesof dispute23'C! 2 "C) in the
andremeasure
desiccator again
thefoursides, to the nearest0,02mm.

A.4 Galculation
Calculatethe change in lengthof each side of each specimenas a percentageof the initialvalue.Calculate
the average percentagecnañgefor the four sides of each specimenand the averagevalue for the set of three
soecimens.

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A.5 Test report

The test reportshall includethe following:

a) and theiraveragevalue,as indicatedin ClauseA.4;

the resultsof the individualdeterminations

b) reportthe presenceof bubblesor cracks,and any otherchangein appearanceof the specimens.

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