Question no 01:

What is knowledge representation? Explain the different ways to represent knowledge in

detail along with suitable example.

Knowledge representation is a field of artificial intelligence that focuses on designing the

computer representations that capture information about the world that can be used to solve
difficult problems. In this, computer represents the problem, the variables it uses and the
operators.

Ways of knowledge representation:

There are following ways of knowledge representation.

 Semantic nets representation

 Inheritance representation
 Frames representation

1. Semantic nets representation:

A semantic network is a graphical notation for representing knowledge in patterns of

interconnected nodes. Semantic network is very popular in artificial intelligence. It represents
knowledge or support reasoning. It consists of nodes, links and link labels. The links indicate the
relation between nodes.

Example:

Is a has
Dog Daren
Is a
Gimmy

eats Worker

chases

cat Cheese
Jojo
eats
Is a
eats Rat

2. Inheritance representation:
In the inheritance representation, elements inherit values from other members of a class. This
approach contains inheritable knowledge which shows relationship between instance and class. It
is also called instance relation. Every individual frame can represent the collection of attributes
and its values.

Example:

Male

Player

Footballer Cricketer

Samiullah Rehman

3. Frames representation:

A frame is knowledge representation technique that is used to represent knowledge using

numbers of frames related to each other through relationship. It works based on the concept of
the inheritance. A frame is a collection of attributes that identify the condition of objects.

Example:

Slot Filler

Name Ahmed
Job Professor
Gender Male
Height 178cm
Weight 60 kg

Marital status Single

Intelligence High