Chapter 3. Specification For Civil Works Issue - Final - 1 - R

Volume 3 of 5 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
SECTION VI January 2012
Chapter 3
SPECIFICATION FOR CIVIL WORKS
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CONTENTS
3 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................1
3.1 PREPARATION OF SITE...............................................................................................1

3.1.1 Description.................................................................................................................1
3.1.2 Construction Requirements.......................................................................................1
3.1.3 Basis of Payment.......................................................................................................1
3.2 DISMANTLING AND REMOVAL OF EXISTING STRUCTURES...........................1
3.2.1 Description.................................................................................................................1
3.2.2 Construction Requirement.........................................................................................2
3.2.3 Method of Measurements..........................................................................................2
3.2.4 Basis of Payment.......................................................................................................3
3.3 EARTH WORK IN EXCAVATION...............................................................................3
3.3.1 Description.................................................................................................................3
3.3.2 Construction Requirements.......................................................................................3
3.3.2.1 Layout of Construction Work................................................................................3
3.3.2.2 Method of Excavation...........................................................................................4
3.3.2.3 De-watering...........................................................................................................4
3.3.2.4 Safety of Adjacent Properties and Public..............................................................5
3.3.2.5 Disposal of Excavated Materials...........................................................................5
3.3.3 Method of Measurement............................................................................................5
3.3.4 Basis of Payment.......................................................................................................6
3.4 DE-WATERING SYSTEM.............................................................................................6
3.4.1 Description.................................................................................................................6
3.4.2 Types of de-watering system.....................................................................................6
3.4.3 Contractor’s responsibilities......................................................................................6
3.4.4 Site information.........................................................................................................7
3.4.5 De-watering by sub-surface water control system....................................................7
3.4.5.1 General...................................................................................................................7
3.4.5.2 Precautionary measures.........................................................................................7
3.4.5.3 Operation...............................................................................................................8
3.4.5.4 Monitoring wells....................................................................................................8
3.4.5.5 Removal of system................................................................................................8
3.4.6 De-watering by surface water control system...........................................................9
3.4.6.1 General...................................................................................................................9
3.4.6.2 Operation of de-watering system..........................................................................9
3.4.6.3 Removal of system................................................................................................9
3.4.7 Measurement..............................................................................................................9
3.4.8 Payment......................................................................................................................9
3.5 EARTH FILLING..........................................................................................................10
3.5.1 Description...............................................................................................................10
3.5.2 Construction Requirements.....................................................................................10
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3.5.3 Method of Measurement..........................................................................................10

3.5.4 Basis of Payment.....................................................................................................11
3.6 SAND FILLING.............................................................................................................11
3.6.1 Description...............................................................................................................11
3.6.4 Basis of Payment.....................................................................................................11
3.7 Turfing............................................................................................................................11
3.7.1 Description...............................................................................................................11
3.7.4 Basis of Payment.....................................................................................................12
3.8 BRICK FLAT SOLING.................................................................................................12
3.8.1 Description...............................................................................................................12
3.8.4 Basis of Payment.....................................................................................................13
3.9 CEMENT CONCRETE (C.C.) WORKS.......................................................................13
3.9.1 Description...............................................................................................................13
3.9.2 Materials..................................................................................................................13
3.9.5 Basis of Payment.....................................................................................................13
3.10 REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE (R.C.C) WORKS..........................................14
3.10.1 Description...............................................................................................................14
3.10.3 Materials..................................................................................................................14
3.10.4 Delivery and Storage of Materials...........................................................................15
3.10.4.1 Cement.............................................................................................................15
3.10.4.2 Aggregate........................................................................................................15
3.10.4.3 Reinforcing Steel.............................................................................................15
3.10.4.4 Boulders...........................................................................................................16
3.10.5 Composition of Mix.................................................................................................16
3.10.5.1 Trial Mixes and Mix Proportion.....................................................................17
3.10.6 Batching...................................................................................................................18
3.10.7 Preparation of Equipment and Place of Deposit.....................................................18
3.10.8 Mixing of Concrete..................................................................................................19
3.10.9 Consistency of Concrete..........................................................................................20
3.10.10 Transport and Placing..........................................................................................20
3.10.11 Compaction of Concrete......................................................................................20
3.10.12 Construction Joints..............................................................................................21
3.10.13 Special Casting Process for Columns..................................................................22
3.10.14 Formwork and Scaffolding..................................................................................22
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3.10.15 Embedded Pipes and Conduits............................................................................23

3.10.16 Surface Finish and Remedial Treatment of Surfaces..........................................24
3.10.17 Curing and Protection..........................................................................................24
3.10.18 General Requirements for Quality Control in RCC Works................................25
3.10.19 Frequency of Testing of Concrete.......................................................................25
3.10.20 Evaluation and Acceptance of Concrete.............................................................26
3.10.21 Investigation of Low- strength test results..........................................................27
3.10.22 Method of Measurement......................................................................................27
3.10.23 Basis of Payment.................................................................................................27
3.11 REINFORCING STEEL IN CONCRETE.....................................................................28
3.11.1 Description...............................................................................................................28
3.11.2 Materials..................................................................................................................28
3.11.2.1 Bar Reinforcement..........................................................................................28
3.11.2.2 Binding Wire...................................................................................................28
3.11.3 Bending of Reinforcement.......................................................................................28
3.11.4 Placing of Reinforcement........................................................................................29
3.11.5 Splicing of Reinforcement.......................................................................................29
3.11.6 Supports...................................................................................................................29
3.11.7 Welding of Reinforcement......................................................................................30
3.11.8 Concrete Protection for Reinforcement...................................................................30
3.11.9 Protective Coating....................................................................................................30
3.11.10 Method of Measurement......................................................................................30
3.11.11 Basis of Payment.................................................................................................30
3.12 PRECAST VENTILATOR............................................................................................31
3.12.1 Construction Requirement and Materials................................................................31
3.12.3 Basis of Payment.....................................................................................................31
3.13 BORED CAST IN SITU PILES.....................................................................................32
3.13.1 Description...............................................................................................................32
3.13.2 Materials..................................................................................................................32
3.13.2.1 Concrete...........................................................................................................32
3.13.2.2 Reinforcement.................................................................................................32
3.13.2.3 Welding...........................................................................................................32
3.13.2.4 Drilling Fluid...................................................................................................33
3.13.2.4.1 Supply.........................................................................................................33
3.13.2.4.2 Tests............................................................................................................33
3.13.2.4.3 Mixing.........................................................................................................34
3.13.2.4.4 Length of Pile..............................................................................................34
3.13.3 Method of Construction...........................................................................................34
3.13.3.1 General............................................................................................................34
3.13.3.1.1 Assumed Procedure....................................................................................34
3.13.3.1.2 Approval of Construction Method..............................................................35
3.13.3.2 Setting out Piles...............................................................................................36
3.13.3.3 Diameter of Piles.............................................................................................36
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3.13.3.4 Tolerances........................................................................................................36
3.13.3.5 Boring..............................................................................................................36
3.13.3.5.1 Method........................................................................................................36
3.13.3.5.2 Boring Near Recently Cast Piles................................................................37
3.13.3.5.3 Temporary Casings.....................................................................................37
3.13.3.5.4 Disposal of Excavated Material..................................................................37
3.13.3.5.5 Pumping from Boreholes............................................................................37
3.13.3.5.6 Obstructions during Drilling.......................................................................37
3.13.3.5.7 Unexpected Ground Conditions.................................................................37
3.13.3.5.8 Boring Records...........................................................................................38
3.13.3.5.9 Final Pile Toe Level....................................................................................38
3.13.3.5.10 Inspection and Cleaning Bottom of Excavation.......................................38
3.13.3.5.11 Stability of pile excavation using drilling fluid........................................38
3.13.3.6 Placing of Reinforcement................................................................................39
3.13.3.7 Placing of Concrete.........................................................................................39
3.13.3.8 Extraction of Temporary Casing.....................................................................41
3.13.3.8.1 Workability of Concrete.............................................................................41
3.13.3.8.2 Concrete Level............................................................................................41
3.13.3.8.3 Vibrating Extractors....................................................................................41
3.13.3.8.4 Reinforcement Cage...................................................................................41
3.13.3.8.5 Supervision.................................................................................................41
3.13.3.9 Records............................................................................................................42
3.13.3.10 Measures in Case of Rejected Piles................................................................42
3.13.3.11 Measurement and Payment.............................................................................42
3.14 PRE-CAST CONCRETE DRIVEN PILE.....................................................................43
3.14.1 Description...............................................................................................................43
3.14.1.1 General............................................................................................................43
3.14.1.2 Materials..........................................................................................................43
3.14.1.2.1 Concrete......................................................................................................43
3.14.1.2.2 Formwork....................................................................................................44
3.14.1.2.3 Reinforcement.............................................................................................44
3.14.1.3 Production of Piles..........................................................................................45
3.14.1.3.1 Casting........................................................................................................45
3.14.1.3.2 Casting tolerances.......................................................................................45
3.14.1.3.3 Curing and removal of formwork...............................................................45
3.14.1.4 Curing..............................................................................................................45
3.14.1.5 Finishing..........................................................................................................45
3.14.1.6 Marking of Piles..............................................................................................46
3.14.1.7 Handling and Storage of Piles.........................................................................46
3.14.1.8 Spliced Piles....................................................................................................46
3.14.1.9 Driving Piles....................................................................................................46
3.14.1.10 Strength of Piles..............................................................................................47
3.14.1.11 Leaders and Trestles........................................................................................47
3.14.1.12 Driving Equipment..........................................................................................47
3.14.1.13 Followers.........................................................................................................48
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3.14.1.14 Driving Procedure and Redrive Checks..........................................................48

3.14.1.15 Final Set of Blows...........................................................................................49
3.14.1.16 Driving Sequence and Risen Piles..................................................................49
3.14.1.17 Jetting..............................................................................................................50
3.14.1.18 Length of Piles.................................................................................................50
3.14.1.19 Repair of Damaged Pile Heads.......................................................................50
3.14.1.20 Cut off and Extension......................................................................................51
3.14.1.21 Damage to Adjacent Structures and Services.................................................51
3.14.1.22 Records............................................................................................................51
3.14.2 Tolerances................................................................................................................52
3.14.2.1 Setting Out.......................................................................................................52
3.14.2.2 Position............................................................................................................52
3.14.2.3 Verticality........................................................................................................52
3.14.2.4 Defective Piles.................................................................................................52
3.14.2.5 Method of Measurement.................................................................................52
3.14.2.6 Basis of Payment.............................................................................................53
3.15 LOAD TEST OF PILE...................................................................................................53
3.15.1 Descriptions.............................................................................................................53
3.15.1.1 General............................................................................................................53
3.15.1.2 Definitions.......................................................................................................53
3.15.1.2.1 Allowable Load...........................................................................................53
3.15.1.2.2 Compression Pile........................................................................................54
3.15.1.2.3 Kentledge....................................................................................................54
3.15.1.2.4 Maintained Load Test.................................................................................54
3.15.1.2.5 Test Pile......................................................................................................54
3.15.1.2.6 Proof Load..................................................................................................54
3.15.1.2.7 Reaction System.........................................................................................54
3.15.1.2.8 Tension Pile................................................................................................54
3.15.1.2.9 Test Pile......................................................................................................54
3.15.1.2.10 Ultimate Bearing Capacity.......................................................................54
3.15.1.2.11 Working Load...........................................................................................55
3.15.1.2.12 Working Pile.............................................................................................55
3.15.1.3 Supervision......................................................................................................55
3.15.1.4 Safety Precautions...........................................................................................55
3.15.1.4.1 General........................................................................................................55
3.15.1.4.2 Kentledge....................................................................................................55
3.15.1.4.3 Tension Piles and Ground Anchors............................................................55
3.15.1.4.4 Testing Equipment......................................................................................56
3.15.1.5 Construction of a Service Pile to be Test Loaded...........................................56
3.15.1.5.1 Notice of Construction................................................................................56
3.15.1.5.2 Method of Construction..............................................................................56
3.15.1.5.3 Boring or Driving Record...........................................................................56
3.15.1.5.4 Cut-Off Level..............................................................................................56
3.15.1.5.5 Pile Head for Compression Tests...............................................................57
3.15.1.6 Preparation of a Working Pile to be Tested....................................................57
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3.15.2 Reaction Systems.....................................................................................................57

3.15.2.1 Compression Tests..........................................................................................57
3.15.2.2 Working Piles..................................................................................................57
3.15.2.3 Spacing............................................................................................................57
3.15.2.4 Adequate Reaction..........................................................................................57
3.15.2.5 Care of Piles....................................................................................................58
3.15.2.6 Loading Arrangement.....................................................................................58
3.15.3 Equipment for Applying Load.................................................................................58
3.15.4 Measurement of Load..............................................................................................58
3.15.5 Adjustability of Loading Equipment.......................................................................58
3.15.6 Measuring Movement of Pile Heads.......................................................................58
3.15.6.1 General............................................................................................................58
3.15.6.2 Levelling Method............................................................................................58
3.15.6.3 Independent Reference Frame.........................................................................59
3.15.6.4 Other Methods.................................................................................................59
3.15.7 Protection of Testing Equipment.............................................................................59
3.15.7.1 Protection from Weather.................................................................................59
3.15.7.2 Prevention of Disturbance...............................................................................60
3.15.8 Supervision..............................................................................................................60
3.15.8.1 Notice of Test..................................................................................................60
3.15.8.2 Records............................................................................................................60
3.15.9 Test Procedure.........................................................................................................60
3.15.9.1 Separate Test Pile - Proof Test by Maintained Load Test..............................60
3.15.9.1.1 Load............................................................................................................60
3.15.9.1.2 Rate of Settlement.......................................................................................60
3.15.9.1.3 Loading Sequence.......................................................................................61
3.15.9.2 Service Pile - Static Load Test for Cast-in-situ / Pre-cast Pile.......................61
3.15.9.2.1 Loading.......................................................................................................61
3.15.9.2.2 Settlement...................................................................................................62
3.15.9.2.3 Unloading....................................................................................................62
3.15.9.2.4 Results.........................................................................................................62
3.15.10 Presentation of Results........................................................................................63
3.15.10.1 Results to be Submitted...................................................................................63
3.15.10.2 Schedule of Recorded Data.............................................................................63
3.15.10.2.1 General......................................................................................................63
3.15.10.2.2 Pile Details................................................................................................63
3.15.10.2.3 Installation Details....................................................................................63
3.15.10.2.4 Test Procedure..........................................................................................64
3.15.10.2.5 Test Results...............................................................................................64
3.15.11 Completion of a Test...........................................................................................64
3.15.11.1 Measuring Equipment.....................................................................................64
3.15.11.2 Kentledge.........................................................................................................64
3.15.11.3 Temporary Piles..............................................................................................64
3.15.11.4 Failure Criterion of Working Test Pile...........................................................64
3.15.12 Measurement and Payment.................................................................................65
3.16 INTEGRITY TESTING.................................................................................................65
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3.17 BRICK WORK 250 mm THICK AND ABOVE...........................................................65

3.17.1 Description...............................................................................................................65
3.17.2 Materials..................................................................................................................66
3.17.3 Construction requirements.......................................................................................66
3.17.5 Basis of Payment.....................................................................................................68
3.18 125mm THICK BRICK WORK....................................................................................68
3.18.1 Description...............................................................................................................68
3.18.4 Basis of Payment.....................................................................................................68
3.19 FACING BRICK WORK...............................................................................................68
3.19.1 Description...............................................................................................................68
3.19.2 Materials..................................................................................................................69
3.19.5 Basis of Payment.....................................................................................................70
3.20 FANCY SCREEN WORK WITH HOLLOW CERAMIC BLOCK.............................70
3.20.1 Description...............................................................................................................70
3.20.2 Materials..................................................................................................................70
3.20.5 Basis of Payment.....................................................................................................71
3.21 PLASTER ON BRICK MASONRY..............................................................................71
3.21.1 Description...............................................................................................................71
3.21.2 Materials..................................................................................................................71
3.21.3 Surface preparation..................................................................................................71
3.21.6 Basis of Payment.....................................................................................................72
3.22 PLASTER ON R.C.C SURFACES................................................................................73
3.22.1 Description...............................................................................................................73
3.22.2 Materials..................................................................................................................73
3.22.3 Construction Requirement.......................................................................................73
3.22.5 Basis of Payment.....................................................................................................73
3.23 PLASTER WITH NEAT CEMENT FINISHING.........................................................73
3.23.1 Description...............................................................................................................74
3.23.2 Materials..................................................................................................................74
3.23.5 Basis of Payment.....................................................................................................74
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3.24 DRIP COURSE..............................................................................................................74

3.24.1 Description...............................................................................................................75
3.24.2 Materials..................................................................................................................75
3.24.4 Basis of Payment.....................................................................................................75
3.25 PATENT STONE FLOORING......................................................................................75

3.25.1 Description...............................................................................................................75
3.25.2 Materials..................................................................................................................75
3.25.5 Basis of Payment.....................................................................................................77
3.26 GLAZED CERAMIC WALL TILES............................................................................78
3.26.1 Description...............................................................................................................78
3.26.2 Materials..................................................................................................................78
3.26.5 Basis of Payment.....................................................................................................79
3.27 NON SLIP/ HOMOGENOUS FLOOR TILES.............................................................79
3.27.1 Description...............................................................................................................79
3.27.2 Materials..................................................................................................................79
3.27.4 Measurement and Payment......................................................................................79
3.27.5 Basis of Payment.....................................................................................................80
3.28 WATER PROOFING POLYTHENE SHEET...............................................................80
3.28.1 Description...............................................................................................................80
3.28.4 Basis of Payment.....................................................................................................80
3.29 SCREEDING ON ROOF...............................................................................................81
3.29.1 Description...............................................................................................................81
d)...............................................................................................................................................81
e) 3.28.2 Materials...............................................................................................................81
3.30 METAL WORKS...........................................................................................................82
3.30.1 Description...............................................................................................................82
3.30.4 Basis of Payment.....................................................................................................82
3.31 STEEL DOOR FRAME.................................................................................................83
3.31.1 Description...............................................................................................................83
3.32 STEEL DOOR SHUTTER.............................................................................................83
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3.32.1 Description...............................................................................................................83
3.33 STEEL GLAZED WINDOW SHUTTER.....................................................................83
3.33.1 Description...............................................................................................................83
3.34 STEEL WINDOW GRILL.............................................................................................84
3.34.1 Description...............................................................................................................84
3.35 SYNTHETIC POLYVINYL DISTEMPERING...........................................................84
3.35.1 Description...............................................................................................................84
3.35.2 Materials..................................................................................................................84
3.35.3 Application Method.................................................................................................85
3.35.5 Basis of Payment.....................................................................................................85
3.36 PLASTIC PAINT...........................................................................................................85
3.36.1 Description...............................................................................................................85
3.36.2 Materials..................................................................................................................86
3.36.5 Basis of Payment.....................................................................................................86
3.37 WEATHER COAT PAINT............................................................................................86
3.37.1 Description...............................................................................................................86
3.37.2 Material....................................................................................................................86
3.37.5 Basis of Payment.....................................................................................................87
3.38 WATER REPELLENT COATING...............................................................................87
3.38.1 Description...............................................................................................................87
3.38.4 Basis of Payment.....................................................................................................88
3.39 ENAMEL PAINT...........................................................................................................88
3.39.1 Description...............................................................................................................88
3.39.2 Materials..................................................................................................................88
3.39.3 Surface Preparation..................................................................................................89
3.39.6 Basis of Payment.....................................................................................................90
3.40 SURFACE DRAIN.........................................................................................................90
3.40.1 Description...............................................................................................................90
3.40.2 Materials..................................................................................................................90
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3.40.5 Basis of Payment.....................................................................................................91
3.41 NOTICE BOARD...........................................................................................................91
3.41.1 Description...............................................................................................................91
3.42 BLACK BOARD............................................................................................................91
3.42.1 Description...............................................................................................................91
3.43 SIGN BOARD FOR SCHOOL......................................................................................91
3.43.1 Description...............................................................................................................92
3.44 PROVISION AND MAINTENANCE OF TEMPORARY SCHOOL.........................92
3.44.1 Description...............................................................................................................92
3.45 SLOPE PROTECTION WORK WITH RCC PLATE PALISADING.........................93
3.45.1 Description...............................................................................................................93
3.45.2 Materials and Construction Requirements..............................................................93
3.45.3 Reinforcement..........................................................................................................93
3.45.4 Driving and Fixing Arrangement............................................................................93
3.45.6 Basis of Payment.....................................................................................................94
3.46 DAMP-PROOF COURSE (DPC)..................................................................................94
3.46.1 Description...............................................................................................................94
3.46.2 Materials..................................................................................................................94
3.46.5 Basis of Payment.....................................................................................................95
3.47 PALISADING WORKS.................................................................................................95
3.47.1 Description...............................................................................................................95
3.47.4 Basis of Payment.....................................................................................................95
3.48 BRICK PAVEMENT OVER 75MM PLAIN CEMENT CONCRETE........................95
3.48.1 Description...............................................................................................................96
3.48.2 Materials..................................................................................................................96
3.48.3 Method of Construction...........................................................................................96
3.48.5 Basis of Payment.....................................................................................................97
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3 INTRODUCTION
This specification has been prepared with all possible care and diligence and
every effort has been made to cover all types of materials and items of works
necessary to complete the Project in all respect.
All workmanship and materials to be used in the Works shall be of the best
quality of their respective kinds as specified herein.
The Contractor is obliged to liaise with the Local School Management

Committee, the Beneficiary and other Bangladesh governmental institutions.
The Contractor must obtain an agreement to the site access and other
reasonable requirements of these agencies. The cost of all of this necessary
liaison is deemed to be included within his rates for the works.
3.1 PREPARATION OF SITE
3.1.1 Description
This item shall consist of clearing off of the site from rubbish of all kinds
including superfluous earth, weeds, grass etc.; cutting and uprooting of trees of
all girth; removal of drain, sewers or any other services, levelling, if necessary,
and removal of surplus materials and debris to safe distance as directed by
Engineers Representative.
3.1.2 Construction Requirements

Before setting out of new work and commencing foundation work, the site
must be cleaned off from all those described above. On clearance of site it
should be roughly levelled off as required.
The trees shall be cut and their roots totally up-rooted as directed by the
Engineer’s Representative. No tree should be cut unless it is absolutely
unavoidable. All serviceable materials obtained from the clearing will be the
property of the local School Management Committee or any other competent
authority as determined by the Engineer’s Representative. Salvaged material
may be handed over by the Contractor to the local authority on instruction
from the Engineer’s Representative.
3.1.3 Basis of Payment

There is no separate item for Preparation of the Site in the Bill of Quantities.
The Contractor will not be entitled to any separate payment. The cost of this
work and other incidental works shall be included in the unit price of all other
pay items included in the Contract.
3.2 DISMANTLING AND REMOVAL OF EXISTING STRUCTURES
3.2.1 Description
This item shall consists of the removal/dismantling and satisfactory cleaning,
stacking, storing or disposal, inside or outside the site, of such portions of
existing structures as provided in the plans, bill of quantities and specifications
1
or ordered by the Engineer. This includes all items such as breaking and
removal of debris, concrete, RCC, brick work, plaster and other items as
mentioned in schedule of quantity or as directed by Engineers Representative.
All serviceable materials obtained from the clearing will be the property of the
local School Management Committee or any other competent authority as
determined by the Engineer’s Representative
3.2.2 Construction Requirement

Before commencement of removal/dismantling work, the structure or parts
thereof shall be properly earmarked and necessary arrangement for
stabilization of the adjoining structures shall be insured by means of adequate
shoring, shuttering, propping and strutting. The dismantling work shall not
commence until the arrangement of safety of the adjoining structure has been
ensured by the Contractor, inspected and approved by the Engineer.
The Contractor shall be solely responsible for any damage to any portion of
structure which was not intended to be dismantled and make good the
damages, if any, at his own cost.
The Contractor shall comply with all safety regulations and shall furnish, erect
and maintain suitable barricades and warning signs and take such other
measures as necessary to prevent personal injury or property damage.
The items of work also include cleaning and sorting out of the salvaged
materials in usable conditions, transporting and storing neatly for storage for
use/disposal as decided by the Engineer’s Representative. The items of
dismantling works of different structures in foundation also include all
excavation, bailing out water by pumping, drainage, bracing, shoring, etc. as
found necessary and their subsequent removal and satisfactory disposal of all
materials obtained from such excavations and backfilling to the level of
original ground where required. The Contractor shall keep adequate records of
all dimensional measurements of the structures and all other information
relating to them as revealed and obtained during their work and shall have
such measurements and information duly endorsed with the Engineer's
representative at site. The work shall not start unless full measurement is
recorded by the Engineer’s Representative. In some special cases however the
recording may be done after dismantling.
The salvaged materials before or after dismantling shall be immediately

measured and recorded in presence of the Engineer's representative and shall
be in the custody of the Contractor until instructed to be disposed of as per
instruction of the Engineer’s Representative. Any loss of any dismantled
material shall be recovered from the Contractor's bill.
3.2.3 Method of Measurements

The work shall be paid for on the basis of plinth area measurement of the
dismantled structure in square meter (sq.m) as noted in the Bill of Quantities.
2

The amount of completed and accepted work, measured as provided above,
shall be paid at the contract unit price for the item which price and payment
shall constitute full compensation for performing all the requirements of this
item including furnishing all labour, equipment and materials, excavating,
handling of excavated materials, backfilling and compacting the same,
shoring, dewatering and stacking and storing the usable materials in a proper
measurable stack and disposing of the debris and surplus materials at the place
ordered by the Engineer’s Representative inside or within 300 meters outside
the site as well as all incidentals necessary to complete the work according to
the applicable plans.
3.3 EARTH WORK IN EXCAVATION
3.3.1 Description
The work under this items shall consist of setting out true line to all foundation
for structures, performing the excavation to the required level and grades of all
kinds of soils including brick bats, stones, concrete debris etc. of foundation
trenches including levelling, remaining and preparing the base, bailing out
water whether continuous, stagnant/rainwater and shoring if necessary,
providing centre line and bench mark pillars, removing the spoil etc. to a
location agreed by the Engineer.
3.3.2.1 Layout of Construction Work

Before commencement of any excavation work, the Contractor shall clear the
site. After clearing, the Contractor shall set out the building true to lines,
curves, grades, slopes and sections as shown in the drawings or as directed by
the Engineer. The reference Bench Mark shall be fixed on the ground at some
suitable place by putting 16mm M. S. bar and protecting it by 200 x 200 x 450
mm concrete surround. The bar top shall be the reduced level (R.L) of the
Benchmark and shall be projected 150 mm above the concrete top surface.
The Contractor shall provide all labour, survey instruments and other materials
such as string, pegs, nails, bamboos, stones, lime, mortar, concrete etc.
required in connection with setting out of the works and the establishment of
Bench mark. Bench marks, other marks and stakes shall be maintained by the
Contractor correctly in position for a period as long as the Engineer may
require for the works.
The Contractor shall be responsible for the correctness of the setting out. The
checking of any setting out or any line or level by the Engineer or the
Engineer’s Representative shall not in any way relieve the Contractor of his
responsibility for the correctness thereof.
Payment for setting out including all materials instruments and manpower will
be paid at the bill rate for square metres of building plinth area, not including
pump, access roads or drainage facilities which are deemed to be included.
3
3.3.2.2 Method of Excavation

The Contractor shall notify the Engineer’s Representative within sufficient
time in advance of the beginning of excavation so that the elevations and
measurements may be taken of the existing ground for which the Contractor
shall make available at site the requisite equipment. Any materials removed or
excavated before these measurements have been taken will not be paid for.
The foundation pits and trenches shall be excavated by regular stages
according to the outlines as shown in the plans and shall be of sufficient size
to permit the placing of the full widths and lengths of the members of
substructure as shown, with full horizontal beds. Rounded or undercut corners
and edges of footings will not be permitted. All loose and displaced material
shall be removed leaving a smooth solid bed to receive the foundation.
Where unstable soil is encountered at the bed level, it should be brought to the
notice of Engineer’s Representative and all such unstable soil shall be
removed as directed and replaced with suitable materials to provide adequate
support for the structure.
Any excavations made in error below the level shown on the Plans or below
the levels ordered by the Engineer’s Representative will not be paid for and
shall be brought back to the specified levels with mass concrete at the
Contractor’s own expense.
Excavation shall be sufficiently large to provide for necessary working space,

shuttering and any other temporary works required during construction and
also shall provide stable side slopes to the pits. The Contractor shall be solely
responsible for safety and stability of the excavations and shall provide
protective supports, bracing, shoring and maintain proper drainage. All
excavation shall be kept dry during the period of excavation for new
construction.
All spaces excavated for and not occupied by structure shall be refilled up to
the “original ground line” which is the surface of the ground before excavation
was made for the structure.
3.3.2.3 De-watering
During excavation work, there is every possibility of percolation of water in
the excavated area due to stream flow, seepage, springs, rain or other reason.
The Contractor shall take adequate measures such as bailing, pumping,
constructing diversion channels, drainage channels, bunds and other necessary
works to keep the foundation trench dry, when so required, and to protect the
green concrete /masonry against damage by erosion or sudden rise of water
level. The method to be adopted in this regard and other details thereof shall
be left to the choice of the Contractor but subject to the approval of the
Engineer. Approval of the Engineer shall, however, not relieve the Contractor
of the responsibility for the adequacy of de-watering and protection
4
arrangements and for the quality and safety of the Works. During excavation
as well as foundation casting the water table shall have to be kept 1 meter
below the foundation bed.
Pumping from the interior of any foundation enclosure shall be done in such a
manner as to preclude the possibility of any portion of the concrete material
being carried away. No pumping will be permitted during placing of the
concrete, or for a period of at least 24 hours thereafter unless it is done from a
suitable sump separated from the concrete work by a watertight wall.
At the discretion of the Contractor, cement grouting or other methods

approved by the Engineer may be used to prevent or reduce seepage and to
protect the excavated area.
The Contractor shall take all precautions in diverting channels and in

discharging the drained water as not to cause damage to the Works or any
other property.
3.3.2.4 Safety of Adjacent Properties and Public

The Contractor shall be required to protect the public and adjacent properties
from any accidents due to the negligence of the Contractor during construction
of foundation work. The Contractor shall take adequate precautionary
measures in the form of barriers, warning signals marked with red lights at
night and notices to avoid accidents.
The Contractor shall be responsible for the preservation of properties along

and adjacent to works being done and shall avoid any damage or injury thereto
as a consequence of his precautions. He will also take adequate protection
measures to see that excavation works do not affect or damage adjoining
structures. The Contractor shall be liable for or in respect of any damage or
compensation payable at law in respect or in consequence of any accident or
injury to any workman, other persons, public or anybody else at the time of
execution of foundation work or any other work.
3.3.2.5 Disposal of Excavated Materials

All excavated materials other than those of the existing structures belonging to
the School Management Committee or other Local authority as defined in
clause 3.1.2 and 3.2.1 shall be the property of the Employer. When the
Contractor shall be allowed to use the excavated materials in other items of
works, he shall deposit it directly to the location of the proposed place in
compliance with the specification of that work. Remaining materials not
intended for the work shall be disposed by the Contractor as directed by the
Engineer. If the Contractor wishes to use the remaining excavated soil, the
Employer may charge royalty of disposable soil.
3.3.3 Method of Measurement

All excavation shall be measured net between the vertical plans of outsides of
structures and no allowance shall be made for the extra excavation for working
space, etc. Any extra excavation beyond depth and dimension which is carried
5
out through error and detrimental for the structure, must be compensated by
the contractor at his own expenses by furnishing compacted sand fill or
concrete as directed by the Engineer.

Payment for excavation will be made at the contract unit price per cubic meter
(cum) measured as provided above, which price shall constitute full
compensation for furnishing all labour, equipment and materials, including
setting out of pits and trenches, establishing and securing bench marks,
excavating, handling of excavated materials, backfilling and compacting of the
same, shoring, all required dewatering, and disposing of surplus excavated
materials and debris by hauling to any distance at approved locations
inside/outside the site, as well as all incidentals necessary to complete the
work according to the applicable plans.
3.4 DE-WATERING SYSTEM
3.4.1 Description
This item of work shall consist of draining out of surface water and/or
controlling water accumulated from any source that may require the use of
pumps, other mechanical devices or the use of well point or tube-well system.
All works to be carried out as per the stipulation of the BOQ and/or as
instructed by the Engineer.
3.4.2 Types of de-watering system

One or both of the following de-watering systems shall be adopted
considering the actual field conditions and requirements for proper execution
of work.
 De-watering by Sub-surface Water Control System

 De-watering by Surface Water Control System
3.4.3 Contractor’s responsibilities

The Contractor shall be solely responsible and include in his rates for the
following tasks:
 The design of the de-watering system including the collection of the

requisite data, preparation of Plans and Drawings of the necessary de-
watering system.
 Providing all equipment and accessories required for de-watering by the
Surface Water Control System and Sub-surface Water Control System for
satisfactory execution of the work.
 Transportation, furnishing, installation, safe operation and maintaining of
the system including operators, mechanics, supply of power, fuel,
lubricants, spares, repairing, etc. throughout and the removal of the
equipment at the end of the construction period under this Contract.
6
The Contractor shall provide continuous supervision of the system by the

persons competent to recognize adverse conditions as they develop and take
immediate corrective measures. The supervisor whose name and hours of
duty duly furnished to the Engineer by the Contractor, shall have thorough
knowledge of the system including the ability to make minor emergency
repairs.
The control of water throughout the time of this Contract shall be the full
responsibilities of the Contractor. The ground water table shall be maintained
at minimum of 0.9m below the lowest designed excavation level. Control
methods shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer including the
Contractor’s equipment, plans, methods, installation and operation
procedures, etc.
The control methods adopted by the Contractor shall be subject to the

approval of the Engineer including equipment, plans, methods, installation,
operation, monitoring, maintenance procedures and precautions against the
failure of any part of the system. The precautions shall include sufficient
standby pumping plant and essential spare parts. The standby pumping plant
shall comprise at least one pump and the standby pumping capacity shall be
at least 10% of the total working capacity.
3.4.4 Site information

Any sub-soil investigation conducted by the Consultant will be made
available for the Contractor’s review. The Consultant assumes no
responsibility regarding the correctness of these data. It is the responsibility
of the Contractor to verify all sub-surface conditions prior to submitting his
tender.
3.4.5 De-watering by sub-surface water control system

3.4.5.1 General
De-watering by Sub-surface Water Control System is defined as controlling

water accumulated from any source requiring the use of well point or tube-
well system.
Works to be performed under this Section include furnishing, installing,

maintaining, operating and removing the sub-surface water control system
including observation wells, so that the required excavation can be safely and
properly performed and the structure built and back-filled to the elevation as
shown on the Drawings.
3.4.5.2 Precautionary measures
Excavation shall not be made below a level 1m above the ground water level
shown to exist by the water level in the observation wells. If the distance to
the ground water table becomes less than 1m or the Engineer has any reason
to believe that rising ground water is likely to endanger either the open
7
excavation or the structure, back-filling may be ordered by the Engineer as a

precaution against failure.
If for any reason, ground water control is lost and ground water appears in
any portion of the excavation, the Contractor shall take immediate action to
control and confine the flow. Any portion of the final grade which, in the
opinion of the Engineer, has been damaged by the action of the ground water,
shall be excavated as directed by the Engineer and back-filled in accordance
with the Specifications at no extra cost to the Contract.
If it becomes necessary for any reason to stop the sub-surface de-watering

operations before the construction of sub-structure is complete, the Engineer
may order the Site to be flooded up to the surrounding ground water level as
de-watering is discontinued. Under no circumstance shall the Site be flooded
by allowing the ground water to rise through the soil. If it becomes necessary
to flood the Site as described above, all equipment that can be damaged shall
be removed to safety/a safe place.
The cost of all such back-filling, flooding and subsequent draining and re-
excavation shall be included in the lump sum price for de-watering and no
extra payment beyond the Contract price will be allowed.
3.4.5.3 Operation
The sub-surface De-watering System shall be operated 24 hours of a day on

all days of a week during the period that de-watering is required. The
Contractor shall take prior precautions against failure of any part of the
system.
3.4.5.4 Monitoring wells
Observation wells of 40mm diameter G.I. pipes with 1.25m long wire mesh
strainer and full filters shall be installed by the Contractor to suitably monitor
the ground water levels maintained by the Contractor’s de-watering system.
The depth of wells shall be a minimum of 3m below the lowest level of the
foundation excavation. The Contractor shall provide a means for locking the
access to the observation wells and shall maintain a log book with daily
readings of sub-soil water levels recorded every three hours, which shall be
made available at all times for inspection. The logbook shall be periodically
checked and authenticated by the Engineer’s Representative.
3.4.5.5 Removal of system
The de-watering system shall be removed when the construction has

progressed to a stage that Site de-watering is no longer required; but only
after receiving the written permission from the Engineer. Certain portions of
the Contractor’s de-watering system may be left in the ground when
construction procedures will so require and when written permission of the
Engineer is obtained. Any such portion of the de-watering system shall be
8
plugged, capped and/or otherwise rendered harmless to the Work and the
public.
3.4.6 De-watering by surface water control system
3.4.6.1 General
Evacuation of surface water is defined as draining out surface water by use of

pumps, sump pump, gravel drain or other mechanical devices, but without
requiring the use of a well point or tube-well system. Such water may
accumulate from percolation, rain or pumping floodwater in to the area or
any other source or combination of sources.
Work to be performed under this Sub-section include furnishing, installing,

maintaining, operating and removal of the surface water draining system for
de-watering the accumulated water from the area so that the desired
construction can safely and properly be performed. The discharge line or the
drainage system for the disposal of the evacuated water shall be constructed
by the Contractor at his own costs in accordance with the approved Drawing
and by arranging private lands, if needed any.
3.4.6.2 Operation of de-watering system
The Contractor shall make all arrangements for pumps, fuel, lubricants,
maintenance and operation of the equipment and the whole Surface De-
watering System and shall take precautions in advance against failure of any
part of the system.
3.4.6.3 Removal of system
The Surface De-watering System shall be removed upon obtaining written

permission from the Engineer when the construction has progressed at a stage
that Site de-watering is no longer required.
3.4.7 Measurement
The work shall be measured for payment as an item on a lump sum basis as
specified in the BOQ.
3.4.8 Payment
Payment shall only be admissible on implementation of the Provisional Item
of the BOQ and on the basis of the Engineer certifying that the work was
necessary and implemented for the proper execution of construction work
satisfying all Specifications described above.
Payment shall be made at Lump Sum rate as quoted in the Contract. The rate
shall cover the full compensation for all measures including the cost of
labour, equipment, materials, tools required for this purpose and other
incidentals necessary to complete this item of work strictly in accordance
with the Specifications stated above and/or as accepted by the Engineer.
Item of payment Unit

Pumping and bailing out water/de-watering of work site
9
No. of Sites – LS Rate per Site
3.5 EARTH FILLING
3.5.1 Description
The work covered by this item shall consist of filling any place or area, to
make up levels, according to these Specifications and Plans with specified
earth materials.

Silty Sand or other approved materials, free from large lumps, organic or other
extraneous materials, shall be free from salinity used for fill. Materials from
excavation on the sites may be used as ordinary fill if it is approved.
The fill materials shall be deposited and spread in successive uniform

horizontal layers of about 150 mm thick and compacted by use of mechanical
or other approved devices to a 95% standard maximum dry density.
No backfill shall be placed against any structure without prior permission of

the Engineer’s Representative. In general no structure shall be subject to the
pressure of backfilling until three (3) days after expiration of the period
designated for removal of forms. This period shall be extended if subnormal
conditions exist.
Back filling around and over structures shall be deposited evenly on all sides
in layer not exceeding 150mm. Each layer shall be compacted by pneumatic
ram or mechanical tamper to a density equal to or greater than 95% of
standard maximum dry density (or 70% Density index for Sands).
Back fill shall be of the original excavated materials free from large lumps,
organic or other extraneous materials. All timber, trash and temporary works
shall be removed before backfilling. Spoils from the excavation shall be
disposed of within the site as directed by the Engineer’s Representative.

Measurement for which payment will be made for filling shall be the
quantities of completed work in place determined by the method of average
sectional area. The ground level elevations shown on the plan will be used as
original level.
10

Payment for filling will be made at the contract unit price per cubic meter
(Cum) measured as provided above which price shall be full compensation for
materials, carrying, placing, levelling, shaping and compacting of fill materials
in layers and furnishing of all equipment, tools, and incidentals necessary to
complete the work.
3.6 SAND FILLING
3.6.1 Description
The work under this item shall consist of saline free filling plinth, ramp area,
entry stair or any place or area as directed by the Engineer, to make up level
with sand having Fineness Modulus (F.M) of 0.8 (point eight) and compacted
to 98% Standard MDD as well as 95% modified proctor. This may be
achieved using saline free water.
Sand used for filling the excavated area under the foundation for spread
footing and raft shall have minimum F.M 1.2 and the compaction shall be 98%
Standard MDD.

This shall comply with the provision of specification section 3.5.2.


3.7 Turfing
3.7.1 Description
This work shall consist of furnishing turf and sods as required and planting
them to give a healthy stable covering of grass which will maintain its growth
in any weather and prevent erosion of the material in which it is planted.
Grass shall be of species native to Bangladesh, harmless and inoffensive to
persons and animals, and not of a kind recognised as a nuisance to agriculture.
It shall be free of disease and noxious weeds, deep rooted and sufficiently
rapid growing and spreading to give complete cover over the planted area
within the Defects Liability Period. The term “grass” embraces turf and sods
and, if the Engineer approves, may include plants. Fertiliser shall be approved
lime or mixtures of plant nutrients or both.
11

Turfing shall be done by planting sods or turf as indicated on the drawing to
give continuous cover over the whole area. The turfs shall be planted with
their root systems substantially undamaged, well buried in firm material, and
packed around with moist earth in which they have grown.
Grass will be planted at such a time and in such a way that at the time of final
construction inspection all areas to be grassed are substantially covered with
healthy, well established, firmly rooted grass, and the planted area is free from
erosion channels.
The contractor shall maintain the grass at his own expense until the end of the
Defects Liability Period.

The quantity measured for payment shall be the number of square metres of
turfed or sodded surface, whether horizontal or sloping as required, with
accepted grass well established in place. .

This work is provided at the contract unit rate per square meter. Payment for
Turfing shall be made at the end of the Defects Liability Period, and include
full compensation for all materials, labour and any other incidentals, including
maintenance of turf.
3.8 BRICK FLAT SOLING
3.8.1 Description
The work covered by this item shall consist of supplying and laying bricks on
top of the earth or sand bed to form a sub-base.

Bricks shall comply with requirements of section 2.2.1. The blinding sand will
have a minimum Fineness Modulus of 0.80 and shall be clean, and free of any
organic matters.
Bricks shall be laid flat in surface to surface contact with adjoining bricks and
their joints shall be filled with sand. The sand shall be brushed in until the
joints are filled. Flushing in of sand with water will not be done unless
permitted. Bricks shall not be laid on the floor or foundation bed until the floor
or foundation bed is inspected and approved by the Engineer’s representative.
In case of Multi-layer Soling, care shall be taken to stagger or "break" all

joints in placing subsequent courses of soling. No brick shall be laid on loose
earth or earth filling which is not compacted to the desired degree.

Brick soling shall be measured by square meter (sq.m) in plan.
12

will be paid for at the contract unit price per square meter (sq.m) which price
shall be in full compensation for all material, transporting, placing, and all
labour, equipment, tools, and incidentals necessary to complete the work
according to the applicable plans.
3.9 CEMENT CONCRETE (C.C.) WORKS
3.9.1 Description
The work covered by this item shall consist of constructing in foundation/floor
and where necessary in accordance with the drawing, specification and Bill of
Quantities. The concrete shall be Class V as per section 3.10.5 of these
specifications.
3.9.2 Materials
Cement shall be as per section 2.1. Coarse aggregate shall be 20mm down
well graded picked jhama chips and sand shall be of F. M. minimum 1.2.
Water shall be as per section 2.5 of these specifications.

The construction requirements shall conform to section 3.10 of these
specifications excepting that:
(a) No reinforcement will be used;

(b). The curing shall be done for 7 days minimum;
(c) Wooden or steel tempers or rammers in lieu of vibrators may be used
for compaction of the cement concrete.
If C.C. work is done over brick soling, it shall be sprinkled with water so that
no loss of water from concrete can occur due to absorption of water by dry
bricks. In case sub soil water tends to rise and wash away C.C. work in
foundation, while this is being done, dewatering of foundation bed shall be
done by making sumps and using pump or manual labour. The dewatering
process shall continue until the concrete has set.
In order to improve bond with masonry/concrete work coming above it, if

required, the surface shall be roughened before it reaches initial set, by
scouring with the help of a pointed tool or wire brush.

This item shall be measured in cubic meter (cum) complete in place.

The amount of completed and accepted work, as mentioned above shall be
paid for at the quoted unit price and payment shall be for full compensation of
all materials, labour including preparation of bed laying of polythene
transport, batching, mixing, pouring, compacting and curing etc. necessary to
complete the item according to the drawing and direction of the Engineer.
13
3.10 REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE (R.C.C) WORKS
3.10.1 Description
This work shall consist of manufacturing concrete for all or part of the
structure of required grade and type as provided in these Specifications and of
the form, dimensions, lines, grades and design shown on the plans.

Concrete shall consist of a mixture of Portland cement, fine and coarse
aggregate and water. The proportions in which the various ingredients shall
be used in the concrete mix for various work, shall be designed in accordance
with the specified strength and suitable workability. For corrosion protection,
the maximum water soluble chloride ion content shall be 0.15 percent by
weight of cement. Maximum water/cement ratio for RCC members shall be
0.45.
Material shall conform to the requirements specified below and in the relevant
sections of the Material Specifications.
Construction shall be according to these specifications. The Contractor shall

follow the standards of BDS and American Society of Testing Materials
(ASTM) for materials and BNBC 93 and Building Code Requirements for
Reinforced Concrete ACI 318-08 for Specification of works. In case of
differences between specifications contained in this book and those of
ASTM/ACI/BDS/BNBC, the specifications specified in this book shall stand.
3.10.3 Materials
Cement, fine and coarse aggregate, water, reinforcement and all other
materials shall conform to the requirement of materials specified in the
relevant section of Materials Specifications.
14
3.10.4 Delivery and Storage of Materials
3.10.4.1 Cement
The Contractor shall be responsible for the proper storage of the cement at the
job site. Paper bag cement shall be stored in a weather proof shaded area
having damp proof floor, waterproof walls and leak proof roof. The cement
stacks shall be placed at a minimum distance of 300mm from the walls not
more than eight bags high. The damp proof floor shall be constructed by
raising it minimum 300mm above the ground. If the cement is damaged and
becomes lumpy due to defective storage, it shall be removed from the job site
within 24 hours of receipt of instructions from the Engineer’s Representative.
As significant strength losses in paper bag cement starts after four (4) weeks to
six (6) weeks of storage in normal condition and considerably sooner under
adverse weather conditions or high humidity, deliveries should be controlled
and used in order of receipt.
Cement in transit and storage or stock-piled at site shall be protected from

dampness or any damage by climatic conditions that would change its
characteristics or usability. Cement godown shall be constructed to be fully
weather proof. Batches of cement shall be used for the work in the order in
which they are delivered to the site. A register shall be maintained by the
Contractor listing date of delivery and quantity of each consignment for easy
identification.
3.10.4.2 Aggregate
Aggregates shall be stockpiled at least 7 days prior to their anticipated use to
permit the Engineer to sample each stockpile to determine the acceptability of
the material for the intended use.
Aggregates of different sizes or grades and from different sources of supply

shall not be mixed. All aggregate shall be stored free from contact with earth
and other deleterious matter.
Every precaution shall be taken during transport and stockpiling of coarse

aggregate to prevent segregation.
Segregated aggregates shall not be used until they have been thoroughly
remixed and the resultant pile is of uniform and acceptable grading at any
point from which a representative sample is taken.
3.10.4.3 Reinforcing Steel

Reinforcing steel shall be stacked with each dia. type of bars stockpiled
separately under shed to avoid effect of rain and dew. Stockpiling of huge
quantity of steel bar shall be avoided to save it from rusting and deterioration
through oxidation. Sufficient quantity required for single operation of casting
should be collected from one approved source and stored at site prior to rod
bending and binding work. Reinforcing bars shall not be stockpiled on soil. A
raised platform shall be prepared by laying brick flat soling over which
15
reinforcing bars shall be stacked in orderly manner.
3.10.4.4 Boulders
The boulders shall be supplied in sizes that can be handled manually by one
person. Stock piling shall be such as to permit ready identification of the
materials and shall be approved by the Engineer. Site for stockpiles shall be
clean prior to storing materials. The stockpiles shall be built-up in layers not to
exceed 1200mm in height and each layer shall be in place before the next layer
is started.
3.10.5 Composition of Mix

The strength requirement and workability shall govern the mix proportion for
each class of concrete:
Class of Specified Required Aggregate Minim.

Concrete Compressive Average Place of Use Cement
Fine Coarse
Strength f'c Compressive per
(min.)
(28 day Strength f''cr Cum
strength) (28 day
strength)
Class I 28 MPa 36.5 MPa Below Plinth Sand 20 mm 450 kg
Level : FM 2.2 down well
All structural graded
members stone chips
including piling
as per BoQ
Class II 24 MPa 32.5 MPa Above Plinth Sand 20 mm 388 kg
Level: FM 2.2 down well
IAll columns as graded
per BoQ stone chips
Class III 21 MPa 29.5 MPa Above Plinth Sand 20 mm 318 kg

Level: FM 2.2 down well
All other graded
structural stone chips
members
except column
as per BoQ
Class IV 21 MPa 29.5 MPa In patent stone 50% 12 mm 318 kg
as per BoQ F.M 1.2 down well
+ 50% graded
F.M 2.2 stone chips
Class V 10 MPa Mix design In cement Sand 20 mm 230 kg
(1:3:6) not required concrete works FM 1.2 down brick
like C.C. drain, chips
apron etc.
3.10.5.1 Trial Mixes and Mix Proportion

(a). The Contractor shall undertake the design of concrete mixes in
accordance with ACI 211.1 for the designated class of concrete to be
16
used in the works. The design of concrete mix shall be carried out in a
recognized material-testing laboratory as directed by the Engineer. The
following requirements shall be fulfilled in proportioning the ingredients
and designing the concrete mix:
i). Workability and consistency are achieved for proper placement

into form and around reinforcement, without segregation &
excessive bleeding.
ii). The minimum amount of cement to be used by the Contractor shall
be as per section 3.10.5.
iii). Concrete proportion including water cement ratio shall be
established on the basis of trial mix with materials to be used.
iv). Gradation of fine and coarse aggregates shall conform to the limits
as specified in section 2.4.1 and 2.4.2 respectively unless otherwise
approved by the Engineer.
v). Fine aggregates of not less than 45 per cent by volume of total
aggregates shall be used.
vi). Resistance to weather and other special exposure conditions are
attained to meet the durability requirements.
vii). The maximum slump for different class of concrete shall be as
follows:
- Cast-in-situ Piles: 100-150mm
- Precast Piles: 25 to 50mm
- Raft: 75 mm
- Columns : 25 to 50 mm
- Slabs and Beams including all other structural elements: 25 to 50
mm
viii). The required average compressive strength used as the basis for
selection of concrete proportions (trial mix design) shall be 27.7
MPa.
(b) No concrete shall be placed in the works until the relevant mix has been
approved by the Engineer.
(c) When a mix has been approved, no variations shall be made in the
proportions, the sources of cement and aggregates, or in the types, size
and grading of the aggregates, water-cement ratio without the approval
of the Engineer.
(d) When (after approval of a mix by the Engineer) the seasonal climatic
conditions have changed significantly, or different sources of cement or
aggregate are to be used, the Contractor shall make any necessary
modifications to mix design and carry out further trials and resubmit the
mix design (whether amended or not) for re-approval by the Engineer.
(e). The Contractor shall allow an adequate period for design of mixes, trials
and approval before concrete is to be placed in the works.
(f). Admixture of approved quality and brand may be permitted in concrete
mixes to reduce water-cement ratio and increase the workability of the
17
concrete. Prior approval of Engineer must be received before the use of

any admixtures in concrete.
3.10.6 Batching
The Contractor shall provide and maintain in good order suitable measuring
equipment and devices required to determine and control accurately the
relative amounts of various materials entering the mix. All measurements shall
be by volume calculated from weight and shall be accurate within a tolerance
of 1 % for each batch. If the measurements are by volume then standard
wooden boxes shall be used. The Contractor will use mixer machine with
hopper.
A bag of cement weighing 50 kg net will be considered as 0.035 cum.
The amount of mixing water shall be weighed/measured, allowance being

made for the quantity of the free water contained in the aggregates. Water
cement ratio shall be as per mix design for every class of concrete.
3.10.7 Preparation of Equipment and Place of Deposit

Before mixing concrete, preparation shall include the following:
a). All equipment for mixing and transporting concrete shall be cleaned.
b). The platform where the concrete shall be poured from mixer machine
shall be cleaned with water and free from debris and other harmful
materials.
c). Containers for measuring coarse aggregates, sand, cement; water shall be
checked and approved by the Site Engineer.
d). All debris shall be removed from spaces to be occupied by concrete.
e). Forms shall be properly cleaned.
f). Coarse aggregate shall be thoroughly watered, cleaned of all foreign
materials, silt and mud.
g). Reinforcement shall be thoroughly cleaned of deleterious coatings.
h). Concrete blocks for maintaining clear cover shall be properly placed.
i). Water shall be removed from the place of deposit before concrete is
placed.
j). All laitance and other unsound materials shall be removed before
additional concrete is placed against hardened concrete.
k). All reinforcement shall be checked to verify whether the rods of the
specified number, diameter, length, and shape with proper laps have
been provided and necessary clearance maintained as shown in the
drawings. It shall also be checked whether the rods have been tied rigidly
by wires, with the correct spacing in between. The effective depth shall
be checked to see whether it conforms to that shown in the drawings.
l). No rectification works, for any part of the proposed R.C.C work,
whether it relates to bending, binding of the reinforcement, or the
correction of formworks shall be allowed to be left for the day of the
18
casting of the concrete. All such rectification and correction shall have to
be done and completed on the day before casting is taken up.
m). If any casting work is done over load bearing brick wall, the supporting
brick wall shall be smoothened to avoid adhesion or grip of the concrete
with wall resulting in cracks in the wall due to contraction and shrinkage
stresses developed when setting. This may be done by plastering the top
surface of the wall and neat cement finishing and properly curing with
water and then placing polythene sheet on the top of the wall before
laying concrete.
n). Vibrator shall be kept ready for vibrating the concrete.
o). All scaffolding and shuttering work shall be carefully and thoroughly
checked to avoid any loose joint, support, which might give in during
casting.
p). Availability of enough quantity of cement, coarse and fine aggregates
shall be checked for completing the casting work.
q). Shuttering shall be properly wetted before laying of concrete.
r). It shall be checked whether conduits, pipes and other fittings that shall
remain inside the concrete have been properly laid and placed.
s). Opening for fixing W.C. pans, pipes, clamps for hooks shall be kept in
the forms before casting concrete, so that concrete is not partially
dismantled or disturbed afterwards.
3.10.8 Mixing of Concrete

Concrete shall be mixed in concrete mixer of approved type and appropriate
capacity. Material handling, batching and mixing shall conform to the
applicable provisions of ASTM C94.
Each batch shall be thoroughly mixed for a period of not less than 1.5 minute
after all materials including the water are in the drum and during this period
the drum shall be in the mixing position and revolve at uniform rate of not less
than 14 and not more than 20 revolutions per minute or as per manufacturer
specification of mixture machine. The cement and sand shall be thoroughly
mixed in dry condition before water is added.
The batch shall be placed into the mixer drum such that some water is put in
advance of the cement and aggregate. The entire content shall be removed
from the drum before the succeeding batch is introduced.
Concrete shall be mixed in quantities required for immediate use. Concrete

shall not be used which has developed initial set or which is not in place
within thirty (30) minutes after the water has been added. Re-tempering of
partially hardened concrete by remixing with or without additional materials
or water, or by other means will not be permitted. The inside of the mixing
drum shall be kept free of hardened concrete at all times. Mixers which have
been out of use for more than 30 minutes shall be thoroughly cleaned before
any fresh concrete is mixed. Mixing plant shall be thoroughly cleaned before
changing from one type of cement to another.
19
A detailed record shall be kept to identify:
(a). Number of batches produced.

(b). Proportion of materials used.
(c). Location of final deposits in the structure.
(d). Class of concrete prepared
(e). Time and date of mixing and placing
3.10.9 Consistency of Concrete

The consistency of concrete shall be determined following evaluation of the
placement conditions for each individual section of the work to be decided and
approved by the Engineer. Mix proportions and consistency shall produce a
dense, well compacted concrete with a minimum tendency to segregate under
placing conditions, free from sand streaks, honeycomb, air-pockets, exposed
reinforcing steel and other forms of structural weakness or unsatisfactory
appearance.
3.10.10 Transport and Placing
Concrete shall be so transported from the mixer machine and placed in the
form that contamination, segregation or loss of the constituent materials does
not occur. Before placing the concrete, all form work, space and the
reinforcement contained in it shall be thoroughly cleaned of all extraneous
matter. Care shall be taken to fill every part of the forms, to work the coarse
aggregate back from the face so that sufficient mortar will be flushed from the
mass to form a smooth surface, and to force the concrete under and around
reinforcing bars without displacing them.
The concrete shall be deposited in the forms in horizontal layers to a depth not
exceeding 450 mm where internal vibrators are used or 300 mm in all other
cases.
The concrete shall not be dropped freely from a height exceeding 1.8 meter
nor shall it be deposited in large quantities at any point. In columns of
structures special tremie pipe may be used for drop more than 1.8 meters.
Dragging of concrete inside the forms or distribution by vibrators or allowing
it to flow by gravity to the ends of the forms will not be permitted.
Concrete shall be deposited and compacted in its final position within 30

minutes of its discharge from the mixer and shall not be subjected to vibration
between 2 and 24 hours after compaction. When in-situ concrete has been in
place for 4 hours no further concrete shall be placed against it for a further 20
hours.
3.10.11 Compaction of Concrete
Concrete, during and immediately after placing, shall be thoroughly

compacted by mechanical vibration. The vibration shall be internal unless
otherwise authorized by the Engineer. For compaction of concrete, the
Contractor shall conform to the requirements of ACI 309.
20
Vibration shall be of a type and design approved by the Engineer. It shall be

capable of transmitting vibration to the concrete at frequencies of not less than
4,500 impulses per minute.
The intensity of vibration shall be such as to visibly affect a mass of concrete

of 25mm slump over a radius of at least 450mm.
The contractor shall provide a sufficient number of vibrators to properly

compact each batch immediately after it is placed in the forms. He shall also
provide sufficient number of nozzles of different diameter to execute the work
smoothly.
Vibration shall be applied at the point of deposit and in the area of freshly
deposited concrete.
Vibration shall not be applied directly or through the reinforcement to sections

or layers of concrete which have hardened to the degree that the concrete
ceases to lie plastic under vibration. It shall not be used to make concrete flow
in the forms over distances so great as to cause segregation. Vibrators shall not
be used to transport concrete in the forms.
Tamping on the laid concrete in slab shall be done with fairly heavy wooden
straight edges (Patta) fixed with handles, by two masons at either end until the
level of the finished surface is attained, proper compaction made and laitance
comes out onto the surface. Wooden mallets shall also be used for offering a
uniform compaction and for filling up depressions.
Concrete pouring schedules and construction joint sequences of different

stages shall have to be approved well in advance by the Engineer.
3.10.12 Construction Joints
Position and detail of construction joints, not shown on the plans, shall be
planned in advance by the Contractor for which approval will be necessary.
The Contractor shall locate such joints conforming to the general
consideration for construction joints as set out in ACI 304R and by the
Engineer. Placement of concrete shall be in a continuous operation between
consecutive joints.
Where sections of the work are carried out in lifts, the line of the proposed
joint on all exposed surfaces shall be made truly straight by tacking a
temporary horizontal straight edge on the inside of the form with its lower
edge on the line of the joint and then placing concrete 12mm higher than this
edge to allow for settlement. In case of water reservoir, PVC water stopper
shall be used in all construction joints with 250mm overlapping at the water
stopper joints.
In resuming the work, the old concrete surface shall be thoroughly cleaned of
21
laitance and all loose material by stiff wire brush, roughened, if deemed
necessary, and washed with clean water.
The surface then shall be coated with very thick cement slurry/bonding agent
before fresh concrete is placed.
3.10.13 Special Casting Process for Columns
Minimum of construction joints shall be allowed in beams, slab and column of

the structures. No construction joint in columns from below floor to bottom of
beam shall be allowed, column must be cast in a single lift, to avoid any
construction joint below lintel level. Special shuttering with opening at
middle height shall be used for the facility of casting. The opening shall be
closed after casting of concrete up to that level without disturbing the green
concrete. The contractor shall prepare shuttering details ahead of actual work
and shop drawings are to be approved by the Engineer. In any case the safety
and stability of form work shall be the Contractor's responsibility. No
construction joint shall be allowed between beam, web & roof slab of
building. For wall & water reservoir no concrete shall be placed from a height
of more than 1.0m and the shuttering of the wall shall not be more than 1.25m
in height.
No kicker block shall be allowed in the column just above the floor level.
3.10.14 Formwork and Scaffolding
Formwork shall be made of steel sheets of minimum thickness of 16 BWG.

All formwork shall be of sound materials constructed water-tight, true to line
as per drawing and of such rigidity to prevent bulging or movement during the
placement and curing of the fair-face concrete. Form work for bases and walls
of water reservoir shall have chamfer of appropriate dimension as per drawing
and direction.
On no account will polythene sheeting be allowed to be used to line the
formwork of any RCC work.
After hardening the concrete shall conform to the shape, dimensions and
surface finish described in the Contract. The forms shall be simple in
construction, easy for erection, maintenance and removal.
Form lining shall be in largest practicable panel to minimise joints. Under

usual conditions the following minimum periods between concreting and the
removal of formwork shall be observed:
Type and position of formwork Period (days)

Side of beams, walls and columns (unloaded) 7
Slab soffits (props supporting) 14
Removal of props to slabs 21
Beam soffits (props supporting) 28
22
Removal of props to beams 28
Concrete exposed by the removal of formwork shall be left untouched pending

inspection by the Engineer. Cement mortar separators of appropriate sizes are
to be used in all covering as per drawing or directed by Engineer.
The drip course shall be constructed by means of an approved batten included

in the form work before casting.
N.B.: Formwork, props and scaffolding work for any RCC component will not be
paid separately. It will be included in the Unit Rate of all RCC items.
3.10.15 Embedded Pipes and Conduits
The Contractor shall co-ordinate among all trades like civil, electrical,
plumbing, mechanical etc. in placement of pipes, conduits, equipment and
other accessories and shall provide necessary opening in the slabs. Concrete
shall not be poured before placement of pipe and concealed service lines.
The pipes shall be so fabricated and installed that it will require minimum
cutting, bending or displacement of reinforcement from its proper location. If
any bending or displacement is required, the attention of the Engineer shall be
drawn for his decision.
All pipes, conduits or fixtures are required to be in corrugated U-PVC

embedded in the concrete and shall be placed and secured in position before
casting is commenced.
Special care shall be taken in case of conduit pipes for electrical wiring, so
that they are not laid in the slab below the bottom reinforcement, which shall
invariably result in crakes in the slab. Placing of conduit pipes parallel to the
main reinforcement shall be avoided as far as possible. Conduit pipes shall be
placed diagonal to the reinforcement as far as practical to avoid cracks in slab.
Conduits and pipes of aluminium shall not be embedded in structural concrete

unless effectively coated or covered to prevent aluminium concrete reaction or
electrolytic action between aluminium and steel.
Conduits and pipes with their fittings, embedded within a column shall not
displace more than 4% of the area of cross section on which strength is
calculated.
Conduits shall not be larger in outside dimension than 1/3 rd the overall
thickness of slab, wall or beam in which they are embedded.
Conduits shall not be spaced closer than 3 diameters or widths on centres.
3.10.16 Surface Finish and Remedial Treatment of Surfaces
Unless otherwise provided on the plans, all reasonably true and even surfaces,
23
which are of uniform colour and texture, and free from stone pockets,
honeycomb, depressions or projections, shall be considered as acceptable
surfaces.
Immediately after the removal of forms, all cavities produced by form ties and
all other holes, broken corners or edges and other defects except air bubble
holes, shall be cleaned and after having been kept saturated with water for a
period of not less than two hours shall be completely filled, rammed and made
good with a mortar of the same proportions as used in the concrete being
finished.
The holes shall be completely filled by use of a pressure gun or hand rammed
method as directed by Engineer’s representative.
Any remedial treatment to surfaces shall be agreed with the Engineer

following inspection immediately after removing the formwork and shall be
carried out without delay. Any concrete, the surface of which has been treated
before being inspected by the Engineer, shall be liable to rejection.
3.10.17 Curing and Protection
Concrete shall be protected against harmful effects of weather for a period of

not less than seven (7) days immediately following the placing of concrete.
All concrete surface of columns shall be covered with two thickness of wet
burlap which have been spot stitched, or wet jute felt or gunny bags as soon
after placing of concrete as it can be done without marking the surface and
kept thoroughly wet by continuous sprinkling of water for a period of not less
than twenty one (21) days after the concrete has taken its final set.
In lieu of continuous sprinkling, plastic sheeting or plastic coated burlap may

be used to prevent moisture loss. The concrete shall be pre-moistened and the
plastic sheeting shall be held securely in place so that positive moisture seal is
provided to retain the curing moisture during the fourteen (14) days curing
period. Form of perforated sheeting shall be without delay repaired or replaced
with acceptable material.
Ponding which is most efficient method shall be used for curing slabs. For the
first 18 to 24 hours, the exposed surface is covered with moist hessian or
canvas. After that small bank of dykes of lean mortar are built around and
along the slab, into a number of rectangular ponds and filled with water. This
method is suitable for floors roof, slabs etc.
The method of curing shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer and shall
conform to the requirements of ACI 308.
3.10.18 General Requirements for Quality Control in RCC Works
24
(a). All tests of materials shall be done from the laboratory (ies) designated
by the Engineer.
(b). All tests shall be carried out in accordance with the standard procedure
of BDS or ASTM.
(c). After the test, if the quality of a particular consignment is found to be

inferior to what is specified, the material of the consignment will not be
accepted and the Contractor shall remove such rejected materials from
site within the time stated in writing at the time of rejection.
(d). The Contractor may arrange for testing to be carried out from the
approved laboratory prior to delivery of materials to site. But this shall in
no way relieve him of his obligations and responsibilities of carrying out
necessary tests and removing all materials not fulfilling the requirements
set under this specification.
(e). All sampling of materials for testing purposes shall be made on a random
basis following the guideline of the Engineer. All test samples shall be
collected in the presence of the designated representative of the
Engineer, who shall supervise proper sealing/securing of the sample
prior to sending it to the relevant laboratory for testing. The Engineer
and the Contractor or their authorized representatives shall put joint
signatures on the sealed containers/bags of the sample before sending
those to the recognized materials testing laboratory as directed by the
Engineer.
(f). In transporting the sample (s) to the approved testing laboratory,

precautions shall be exercised by the Contractor so as to ensure that
samples are not harmed due to shock, impact or jerk impairing its
structural soundness.
(g). On completion of tests, results shall be collected by person (s) authorized

by the Engineer only.
(h). The cost of all testing including all repeat tests (in case of non-fulfilment
of requirement) and incidental expenses shall be borne by the Contractor
and no separate payment shall be given to the Contractor for this
purpose.
(i). If the Engineer allows cubes to be tested instead of cylinders, the cube
strength shall be 25% higher than the cylinder strength specified.
3.10.19 Frequency of Testing of Concrete
Mix proportions for desired concrete strength shall be based on section 3.10.5
of the Technical Specifications.
Six samples for strength tests of each class of concrete placed on each day
25
shall be taken not less than
(a). once a day

(b). nor less than once for each 60 cu.m of concrete
(c). nor less than once for each 250 sq.m of surface area for slabs or walls.
If the total volume of concrete is such that frequency of testing required by

section 3.10.19.1 would provide less than three strength tests for a given class
of concrete, tests shall be made from at least three randomly selected batches
or from each batch if three or fewer batches are used.
When the total quantity of a given class of concrete is less than 20 cum,
strength tests are not required when other evidence of satisfactory strength is
submitted to and approved by the Engineer.
Three cylinders shall be tested at 7 (seven) days and three cylinders tested at
28 (twenty eight) days for compressive strength determinations.
3.10.20 Evaluation and Acceptance of Concrete
Samples for strength tests shall be taken in accordance with “Method of

Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete” (ASTM C 172).
The cylinders shall be provided with identification marks (8 characters

maximum) and casting date installed with synthetic paint. The markings
should be placed as soon as the concrete hardens on the top of the cylinders
(about 18-24 hours after casting).
For each class of concrete (section 3.10.5), the specified 28 days compressive
strength (f’c) shall have to be achieved. Strength level of an individual class of
concrete shall be considered satisfactory if both of the following requirements
are met:
(a). Arithmetic average of strength of three samples equals or exceeds f ’c.
(b). No individual strength test (average of two cylinder) falls below f ‘c by
more than 3.5 N/mm2.
If either of the requirements of section 3.10.18.3 are not met, steps shall be
taken to increase the average of the subsequent strength test results.
Requirement of section 3.10.21 shall be satisfied if the requirement of section
3.10.20.3 (b) is not met.
The 28 days strength (average of three cylinders) test shall be used as a basis
for acceptance of the concrete placed. The 7 days tests are made to obtain
advance information on the adequacy of strength development.
3.10.21 Investigation of Low- strength test results
If any strength test of concrete sample cylinders falls below specified value of
26
f’c by more than 3.5 N/mm2 [section 3.10.20.3 (b)], the Contractor at his own
cost and under guidance of the Engineer shall arrange tests of cores drilled
from the area in question in accordance with “Method of Obtaining and
Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete” (ASTM C 42) and the
guidelines of ACI 318-08 shall also be applicable in evaluation of strength of
the member. The cores shall be obtained, moisture conditioned by storage in
water tight bags, and tested in accordance with ASTM C42. The cores shall be
tested no earlier than 48 hours and not later than 7 days. Concrete in an area
represented by core tests shall be considered structurally adequate if the
average of three cores is equal to at least 85 percent of f ’c and if no single
core is less than 75 percent of f’c. If evaluation of strength by concrete cores
confirms that the structural adequacy of the portion of the structure remains in
doubt, that portion will be removed by the Contractor and fresh concreting
shall be made under the guidance of the Engineer. If, in contrary, the Engineer
determines that the said concrete is located where it will not create an
intolerable detrimental effect on the structure and the Contractor agrees to it, a
reduced payment to compensate the Employer for loss of durability and other
lost benefits shall be arranged. The Engineer’s decision in regard to the
amount of compensation shall be final.
Out of four types of Non-destructive tests of concrete in place, such as by
(a). Probe Penetration
(b). Impact hammer
(c). Ultrasonic pulse velocity
(d). Pullout (drilled core from in-situ concrete),
The Contractor may use any two methods using average of 3-tests for each
method. For each method, the requirements of 3.10.21 shall be met.
The concrete shall be measured in cubic metres of the several different grades
and types complete in place and accepted. In computing quantities the
dimensions used shall be those shown on the Drawings or ordered by the
Engineer but the measurement shall not include any concrete used for the
construction of temporary works or which is included in other billed items.
The formwork shall be measured in square metre for the completed and
accepted work separately.
The volume of reinforcement and electrical conduits embedded in the concrete
shall not be deducted from volume of the concrete.
The work as provided above for the classes of concrete specified shall be paid
for at the Contract unit price per cubic meter, for concrete as detailed on the
drawings and as specified in the Bill of Quantities.
The Contractor’s rate for several classes of concrete shall include for all trial
mixing, cost of all materials including formwork, props etc. with scaffolding,
27
labour, tools and plant required for mixing, placing in position, vibrating and
compacting, finishing as per direction of the Engineer, curing and all other
incidental expenses for producing concrete of specified classes to complete the
structure or its components as shown on the drawings and according to these
specifications.
3.11 REINFORCING STEEL IN CONCRETE
3.11.1 Description
This work shall consist of furnishing and placing bars of the grade, type and
size shown in accordance with these specifications and in conformity with the
requirements shown on the Drawings.
3.11.2 Materials
3.11.2.1 Bar Reinforcement
All reinforcing bars shall conform to the requirements of the section 2.6 of
Materials Specifications.
It should be noted that reinforcing bars made from scrap iron shall not be
accepted for any type of work. All reinforcement bars shall be made from
billet, clean and free from loose scale, dirt, paint oil, grease or other foreign
substance.
3.11.2.2 Binding Wire
Reinforcement binding wire shall be best black annealed mild steel wire,
approximately 1.6 mm in diameter.
3.11.3 Bending of Reinforcement
All reinforcement bars shall be bent cold to pertinent dimensions using

bending appliances and method approved by the Engineer. All bars of slab and
beam shall invariably have standard hooks at the end. All standard hooks shall
meet the following requirements:
a). A 90-degree turn plus an extension of at least 12 bar diameters at the free
end of the bar.
b). For stirrup and tie anchorage only either a 90 degree or a 135 degree turn
plus an extension of at least 6 (six) bar diameters but not less than 75mm
at the free end of the bar.
The radii of bend measured on the inside of the bar for standard hooks shall
not be less than the values given below:
Bar size Minimum radii

10 mm, 12 mm, 16 mm 2.5 bar dia
20 mm, 22 mm, 25 mm 3 bar dia
28
Bends for stirrups and ties shall have radii on the inside of the bar not less than
one bar diameter.
3.11.4 Placing of Reinforcement
Reinforcement shall be placed, supported and maintained in the position

shown in the Contract Drawing and shall be checked and approved by the
Engineer before placement of concrete begins. Unless otherwise permitted by
the Engineer, all intersecting bars shall be tied together with double layer of
18G black iron wire and the ends of wire shall be turned into the main body of
the concrete. Clear cover must be maintained to the side of reinforcement as
shown on the drawing by using concrete blocks or separators.
3.11.5 Splicing of Reinforcement
No splices shall be made in the reinforcement where not shown in the

drawing. Wherever it is necessary to splice reinforcement at points other than
those shown on the plans, Drawings showing the location of each splice shall
be submitted to and approved by the Engineer before the reinforcing steel is
placed.
a). Splices in reinforcement in which critical design stress is tensile: Splices
at points of maximum tensile stress shall be avoided where possible,
such splices where used shall be lapped or otherwise fully developed. In
any case the splice shall transfer the entire computed stress from bar to
bar without exceeding three fourths of the permissible bond values for
the concrete. The length of lap shall be as shown in structural drawing.
b). Splices in reinforcement in which critical design stress is compressive:
Where lapped splices are used at zones of compressive stress, it will be
as specified in drawing. Where longitudinal bars are offset at a splice the
slope of the inclined portion of the bar with the axis of the column shall
not exceed 1 in 6 and the portions of the bar above and below the offset
shall be parallel to the axis of the column. Additional stirrups, ties, etc
shall secure adequate horizontal support at the offset. Offset bars shall be
bent before they are placed in the forms.
3.11.6 Supports
Pre-cast concrete blocks or metal supports of adequate strength, of proper

dimension and in sufficient number shall be used for supporting the bars in
position. Blocks shall be of a shape acceptable to the Engineer and designed so
that they will not overturn when concrete is stored. They shall be made of
concrete with 10mm maximum aggregate size from same materials and of the
same mix proportions as that of the concrete in which they are to be used.
They shall be cast and properly cured for at least seven days before use and
shall have wire or other device cast in the block for the purpose of attaching
them securely to the reinforcement. Where directed, chairs made with 12mm
bars shall be provided in slab for keeping the negative reinforcement in place
29
during concreting. These chairs when used shall provide proper cover as
required and the numbers shall be as decided by the Engineer.
3.11.7 Welding of Reinforcement
Reinforcement in structures shall not be welded except where permitted with

the approval of the Engineer. All welding procedures shall be subject to the
prior approval of the Engineer in writing. In pile reinforcement welding may
be necessary and shall be done in accordance with the drawing and with the
approval of the Engineer. Welding for connecting the damaged portion of the
reinforcement shall be allowed on both sides of the Re-bar and shall be 50mm
of welding length on both sides and on ends.
3.11.8 Concrete Protection for Reinforcement
Concrete clear cover of reinforcement shall be as shown in the structural

drawing, “Design Criteria and Minimum Requirements”.
3.11.9 Protective Coating
All exposed reinforcing steel at construction joints shall be protected with a

brush coat of neat cement, mixed to a consistency of thick paint, within one
week after the placing of the initial concrete, unless it is definitely known that
the steel will be embedded within 60 days. This coating shall be entirely
removed, by lightly tapping with a hammer or other tool, more than one week
previous to the placing of the final pour. The contractor shall notify the
Engineer or his authorised representative when the steel has been placed in
position for pouring concrete and no concrete shall be placed until the
Engineer has inspected the steel and given his approval in writing.
Reinforcing steel bars shall be measured in Metric Tonne actually placed in

different reinforced concrete members like pile works, mat, column, wall,
beam, slab, stair, lintel, railing, drop wall etc. The weight paid for shall as
approved by the Engineer but no allowance will be made for the laps, chairs,
separators, clips, wires or other fastening devices for holding the
reinforcement in place. The weight shall be considered as per BDS ISO 6935-
2 : 2006 and Section 2.6.1 of this Specification. No payment shall be made for
the wastage of materials.
The amount of completed and accepted material, measured as provided above,

shall be paid for at the contract unit price per Tonne for "Reinforcing Steel”,
which prices shall be full compensation for furnishing, fabricating,
transporting, delivering, erecting, and placing all materials, and for all labour
equipment, tools, and incidentals necessary to complete the work. The weight
shall be considered as per BDS ISO 6935-2: 2006 and shall be based on actual
30
diameter within the permissible tolerances in section 2.6.1 of this

specification.
3.12 PRECAST VENTILATOR
3.12.1 Construction Requirement and Materials
R.C.C/ Pre-cast ventilator shall be of the design as furnished by the Engineer.

A sample should be submitted to the Engineer and approval obtained before
mass manufacture is undertaken. The concrete shall be of proportion 1:1.5:3
with 6mm down well graded stone chips and the ventilators shall be pre-cast
40mm thick using M.S. reinforcement as directed. The finishing shall be with
cement mortar 1:4. Curing by immersion shall be continued for two weeks
before installation.
Measurement for payment shall be made per square meter of acceptable

installed ventilator including necessary reinforcement.
Payment shall be made at the contract unit price per square meter of
completed and accepted work measured as provided above which price shall
constitute full compensation for furnishing, storing, transporting, preparing,
laying and curing all materials and for all labour, scaffoldings, tools and
incidentals necessary to complete the item.
31
3.13 BORED CAST IN SITU PILES
3.13.1 Description
This work shall consist of construction of reinforcement concrete cast-in-situ

bored piles for column foundations of structures at different locations in
accordance with the details shown on the drawings and to the requirements of
these specifications.
The pile boring shall be carried out using a temporary steel casing 5m to 6m or
bored to a level approved by the Engineer. The temporary casing shall be
withdrawn on completion.
The piles shall be concreted and reinforced to resist pile loads on the pile caps
according to the Drawings and these Specifications.
3.13.2 Materials
3.13.2.1 Concrete
The concrete shall conform to section 3.10 of these specifications. Concrete

Class II I shall be used.
All materials like cement, fine and coarse aggregates, reinforcing bars and
water shall conform to the requirements of Material Specifications. Cement
shall be CEM I (42.5 N) as per section 2.1. Coarse aggregate shall be 20 mm
down well graded crushed stone (preferable from Maddhyapara, Dinajpur and
Bholagonj, Sylhet queries, clean and free from impurities.
The density and consistency of the concrete shall conform to the tremie
casting method and the maintenance of sufficient workability (slump) of all
the concrete during the casting and casing handling period, including
reasonably calculated delays, shall be secured by a design mix, tested by trial
mixes prior to the pile construction.
All relevant concrete properties such as slump, time of setting, temperature

and strength shall be measured on the trial mixes. Concrete slump shall be in
accordance with Clause 3.10.5.1 (vii)
3.13.2.2 Reinforcement
The reinforcement shall conform to section 3.10 3.11 of these specifications.
3.13.2.3 Welding
(a). Electrodes: All welding electrodes shall conform to American Welding

Society (AWS) standards and the electrodes shall be rods of size and
classification number as recommended by their manufacturer.
32
(b). Quality: Welding of reinforcing bars shall be performed by skilled and

experienced welders and connections shall be made in accordance with
the AWS standards.
3.13.2.4 Drilling Fluid
The following clauses shall be complied with if bentonite mud is used to

stabilise the boreholes:
3.13.2.4.1 Supply
The Contractor shall obtain a certificate from the manufacturer of the

bentonite powder, showing the properties of the consignment delivered to the
site. This certificate shall be made available to the Engineer. The properties to
be given by the manufacturer are the apparent viscosity range (in centipoises)
and the gel strength range for solids in water.
Bentonite, if required and supplied at the Site, shall be in accordance with the
specifications conforming to DFCP 4 of the Oil Companies Materials
Associations.
The Contractor shall obtain a certificate from the manufacturer of the

Bentonite powder showing the properties of the consignment delivered at the
Site. This certificate shall be made available to the Engineer on request. The
properties to be given by the manufacturer are the apparent viscosity range and
the gel strength range for solids in water.
Any other materials for the drilling fluid shall receive approval from the
Engineer.
3.13.2.4.2 Tests
The frequency of testing drilling fluid and the methods and procedures of
sampling shall be proposed by the Contractor and approved by the Engineer
prior to the commencement of the work. The frequency may subsequently be
varied as required depending upon the consistency of the results obtained. The
control tests shall cover the determination of density, viscosity, gel strength
and pH values.
For average soil conditions, the results shall generally be within the ranges
stated in the Table given below. The tests shall be carried out until a consistent
working pattern has been established.
Property to be Range of Results Test Method

measured at 20oC
Density 1.03 – 1.1 g/ml Mud density balance
Viscosity 30-90s or less than Marsh cone method Fann
33
20 cP viscometer
Shear strength (10 1.4 - 10.0 N/m2 or Shearometer
minute gel strength) 4.0 - 40.0 N/ m2 Fann Viscometer
pH value 9.5 - 12.0 pH indicator paper strips or
electrical pH meter
The Contractor shall supply all equipment and engage experienced operators
required for carrying out tests on the drilling mud. No additional payment
shall be made for these tests, which shall be considered as an essential part of
the drilling operations.
3.13.2.4.3 Mixing
Bentonite and any other material shall be mixed thoroughly with clean water
to make a suspension which shall maintain the stability of the pile excavation
for the period necessary to place concrete and complete construction.
Where saline or chemically contaminated groundwater occurs, special

precautions shall be taken to modify the bentonite in fresh water so as to
render it suitable in all respects for the construction of piles.
3.13.2.4.4 Length of Pile
The basic length of pile and its diameter is shown on the drawings. The final
length shall be decided by the Engineer on the basis of the results of initial
load test on piles and on the basis of actual boring data observed on site. The
piles shall be installed as directed by the Engineer at selected locations at each
shelter site where applicable.
3.13.3 Method of Construction
3.13.3.1 General
The Contractor shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Engineer that his
proposed construction methods for the piles do not result in the pile shafts
being weakened by contamination of the concrete, by sectional reduction, by
washing out of cement, by breaking during pulling of temporary casings or in
any other way, including the construction of neighbouring piles.
3.13.3.1.1 Assumed Procedure
The following construction procedure has been assumed in the tender design.
The final construction procedure as proposed by the Contractor shall be
approved by the Engineer prior to commencing piling operations.
34
(i). Before starting the drilling operation the Contractor shall establish
levels, grades and alignment of all piles with reference to bench marks
(BM) previously established at the site.
(ii). Temporary steel casing shall be used to stabilise the upper part of the
borehole depending on soil conditions at least 5m depth or as directed by
the Engineer.
(iii). Bore and excavate inside the steel casing down to casing toe level, or to
a level approved, and continue excavation to final pile tip level using
either temporary casing, or using drilling mud. The fluid level inside
casings shall at all times be at least 2 metres higher than outside the
casings.
(iv). Carefully clean up all mud or sedimentation from the bottom of

borehole, and check the boring depth is correct before placing any
reinforcement. .
(v). Place reinforcement cage, inspection pipes etc.
(vi). Concrete continuously under water, or drilling fluid, by use of the tremie
method.
(vii). Withdraw the temporary boring casing concurrently with concreting to

the instructed level.
(vii). After hardening, break out the top section of the concrete pile to reach
sound concrete.
3.13.3.1.2 Approval of Construction Method
Before work commences, the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer for
approval, a description of the construction method he proposes, including
name of any proposed Sub-contractor, information on boring equipment,
materials, methods of work and control of quality. The Contractor shall
submit references from similar jobs carried out by him and/or his
proposed Sub-contractor.
The Contractor shall prepare a detailed programme and establish a

procedure for the pile construction. The detailed programme shall contain
all required information on materials, equipment, methods of work etc.
and this programme needs to be approved in writing by the Engineer.
Such approval shall not, however, relieve the Contractor of his
responsibilities for pile construction.
The import of any boring equipment or materials by the Contractor, before

he has received the Engineer’s approval of proposed construction
methods, shall be at the Contractor’s risk.
35
3.13.3.2 Setting out Piles
The Contractor shall check the casing position for each pile during and
immediately after placing the casing, and agree it with the Engineer.
3.13.3.3 Diameter of Piles
The diameter of a pile shall be not less than the specified diameter.
3.13.3.4 Tolerances
The centre of the completed pile at the cut off level shall not deviate more
than 75 mm from the theoretically correct position shown on the Drawings.
The inclination of the pile shall not deviate more than 1:100 from vertical. The
Contractor shall provide suitable equipment, such as an inverted pendulum, to
check the verticality of the boreholes at intervals during drilling and prior to
concreting.
3.13.3.5 Boring
3.13.3.5.1 Method
The hole shall be bored by direct mud circulation method by using bentonite
as drilling fluid for cast-in-situ piles or as per method submitted by the
Contractor and approved by the Engineer. Water or air jetting for boring of the
piles shall not be allowed.
The guide pipe shall be installed at the surface and thereafter boring shall be
executed by means a chisel attached at the end of drilling rods. Size of the
chisel shaft shall be less than the inside diameter of the casing. However, it
shall not be less than 10mm to 12mm all round tolerance. The bore hole shall
be filled with drilling slurry, which circulates through the drilling rods and the
chisel at the base.
For preparing the slurry only good quality bentonite shall be used and
whenever the viscosity of slurry shall drop due to concentration of cuttings in
the slurry, additional bentonite shall be added to maintain the requisite
viscosity. The density of the bentonite solution should be as per above table
about 1.12. Once the bore-hole has been drilled down to the final depth, fresh
bentonite slurry from a reserve tank shall be pumped through the bore-hole for
approximately 10 minutes so that the previous contaminated slurry is
completely removed and the bore-hole is also thoroughly cleaned and all the
cuttings from the base are removed. Only when the bore-hole is completely
filled with fresh slurry free from all cuttings shall the circulation of fresh
bentonite be stopped.
3.13.3.5.2 Boring Near Recently Cast Piles
36
Piles shall not be bored close to other piles which have recently been cast and
which contain workable or unset concrete so that a flow of concrete could be
induced from or damage caused to any of the piles. Boring and excavation for
a pile shall not be commenced until 24 hours after completion of any pile
within a radius of 6 metres, centre to centre.
3.13.3.5.3 Temporary Casings
Temporary steel casing pipe of required diameter shall be used at least for the
upper 5 meter from the ground level during drilling to stabilize the hole and
approved quality or an approved alternative method shall be used to maintain
the stability of pile excavations, which might otherwise collapse.
Temporary casings shall be free from significant distortion. They shall be of

uniform cross-section throughout each continuous length. During concreting
they shall be free from internal projections and encrusted concrete which
might prevent the proper formation of piles.
3.13.3.5.4 Disposal of Excavated Material
No excavated material shall be dumped into the river or any connecting

waterway without the written approval of the Engineer. Excavated material
shall be removed from site and dumped either beyond areas affected by
dredging, or taken to the Contractors approved dumping areas on land. The
Contractor shall be fully responsible for costs involved in removing the
excavated material to spoil.
3.13.3.5.5 Pumping from Boreholes
Pumping from a borehole shall not be permitted unless a casing has been
placed into a stable stratum which prevents the flow of water from other strata
in significant quantities into the boring, or unless it can be shown that
pumping will not have a detrimental effect on the surrounding soil or property.
3.13.3.5.6 Obstructions during Drilling
When obstructions make it extremely difficult to drill certain holes in the

location shown and to reach the proper bearing strata the Contractor shall take
all usual methods to install the piles as required including jetting, cutting,
drilling or other feasible means. If in the judgement of the Engineer the
Contractor is unable to complete properly any pile by resorting to such
methods the Engineer may order for additional pile(s) drilled at another
location(s) at the Contractor’s expense.
3.13.3.5.7 Unexpected Ground Conditions
The Contractor shall report immediately to the Engineer any circumstances

which indicate that in the Contractor's opinion the ground conditions differ
37
from those expected by him from his interpretation of the site investigation
reports.
3.13.3.5.8 Boring Records
During the boring of the pile, the Contractor shall compile a 'boring log'
indicating depths and types of the various soil layers encountered. Disturbed
samples shall be submitted to the Engineer as requested.
The Contractor shall allow for carrying out sampling and tests to check soil
strengths as required by the Engineer.
3.13.3.5.9 Final Pile Toe Level
The final pile toe level shall be as indicated on the Drawing or as instructed by
the Engineer after due consideration of the Contractor's proposals, boring logs
and test results.
The final toe level of other piles may subsequently be altered according to the
results of the test loadings detailed in section 3.14 3.15 of these specifications.
3.13.3.5.10 Inspection and Cleaning Bottom of Excavation
The time between final excavation and bottom cleaning and the start of
concreting shall be kept as short as possible and shall not exceed 6 hours. To
achieve this, the final 2 metres of excavation shall not start until all
preparations for cleaning, reinforcing and concreting are finished. In case of
unexpected delay the Contractor shall dump sand or gravel in the bore to 2
metres above toe level.
On completion of the drilling an interval is required, to allow the fine

materials to settle (15 minutes unless otherwise approved by the Engineer).
Thereafter the bottom of the excavation shall be carefully cleaned of mud,
sedimentation and other soft material by an approved method.
The Contractor shall show, to the satisfaction of the Engineer, that the bottom
of the excavation is clean.
Maximum permissible siltation in bore hole prior to start of concrete operation

shall be 75mm.
3.13.3.5.11 Stability of pile excavation using drilling fluid
Where a bore hole is formed without casing under water or using drilling fluid
for maintaining the stability of a boring, the level of the water or fluid in the
excavation shall be maintained so that the water fluid pressure always exceeds
the pressure executed by the soils and external ground water. The water or
fluid level shall be maintained at a level not less than 2m above the level of the
outside water level or any artesian pressure level.
38
Drilling mud shall be used at least from the level of sub-soil water or from the
level of the bottom of the guide casing depending upon the Site conditions and
the hole shall then always be kept almost full with fluid, which should
preferably be kept in motion. The density and composition of the fluid shall be
such as to suit the requirements of the ground condition and to maintain the
fine materials from the boring in suspension. A five percent Bentonite
suspension would be generally suitable.
Where saline or chemically contaminated ground water occurs, special

precautions shall be taken to modify the Bentonite suspension or pre-hydrate
the Bentonite in fresh water so as to render it suitable in all respect for
construction of the piles.
In the event of a rapid loss of water or Bentonite suspension from the pile
excavation, the excavation shall be back-filled without any delay and the
instructions of the Engineer shall be obtained before excavation at the location
is resumed.
3.13.3.6 Placing of Reinforcement
The reinforcement shall be placed as indicated on the drawings. The

reinforcement for each pile shall be assembled on the ground and the spiral bar
will be tack welded with alternative main bar of the pile to form a rigid cage.
Lapping of vertical reinforcement shall be joint welded as per drawing or as
directed by the Engineer. Binding with galvanized iron wire shall not be
allowed where welding is specified.
Concrete spacer blocks specially prepared for this purpose shall be securely
attached to the reinforcement at a suitable spacing in such a manner as to
ensure that the concrete cover is maintained throughout and that the
reinforcement cage is not displaced in the casing in the course of the
subsequent concrete operations. Most particular care shall be taken to ensure
that none of these spacer blocks can swivel around to the inside of the
reinforcement cage and that, in general, there are no obstructions of any kind
inside the reinforcement cage due to spacer blocks or lapped reinforcement or
any other reason. The entire reinforcement cage assembly shall than be
carefully lifted and carefully lowered into the bore-hole previously made ready
to receive it.
When bore-holes have been thoroughly cleaned and fresh bentonite slurry
circulated for approximately 10 to 50 minutes, the reinforcement cage then
shall be introduced into the bore-hole.
3.13.3.7 Placing of Concrete
No concrete shall be placed until all driving within a radius of 2.5m has been
completed, If this cannot be done, all driving within the above limits shall be
39
discontinued until the concrete in the last pile cast has set at least four days or
in sequence approved by the Engineer. Accumulation of any foreign material
in the bores or casings shall be removed before concrete is placed.
The concrete shall be placed by means of tremie pipe of not less than 200mm
dia. which shall be placed in the bore-hole so that it is about 300mm above the
base of the hole. A funnel shall be fixed on the top of the tremie pipes and
concrete shall be introduced into the funnel by means of concrete bucket. In
this way, the concrete will flow through the funnel and the tremie pipes to the
bottom of the bore-hole and from there it will rise up in the bore-hole itself
flowing out of the base of the tremie pipes. It shall be ensured that the tremie
dia pipes are always sufficiently deep within the concrete, so that the fresh
concrete is always added to underneath the level of already placed concrete
and in this way the concrete will rise to the required surface and concreting of
the pile will be completed.
Concrete volume shall be measured to ensure that the volume of concrete

placed in each pile is equal to or greater than the theoretical volume of the
hole created.
A dry mix shall be used for the first few charge of concrete, if the pile base is
wet.
A sample of the Bentonite suspension shall be taken from the base of the
boring by using an approved sampling device. If the specific gravity of the
suspension exceeds 1.25, pouring of concrete shall not proceed. In this event,
the Contractor shall modify the mud quality.
After placement of concrete has started the Tremie pipe shall be kept full of
concrete up to the bottom of the hopper. The pipe shall, at all times, penetrate
the concrete, which has previously been placed and shall not be withdrawn
from the concrete until the concrete pouring is completed. The bottom of the
Tremie pipe shall be kept at least 1.5m under the surface of the concrete. At all
times a sufficient quantity of concrete shall be maintained within the pipe to
ensure that the pressure from it exceeds that from the water or drilling fluid. If
water enters the tube after placement of concrete has started, the Tremie shall
be withdrawn, the discharge end resealed and the placement restarted. When a
batch is dumped into the hopper, the flow of concrete shall be induced by
slightly raising the discharge end, always keeping it in the deposited concrete.
The flow shall be continuous until the work is completed.
The Contractor shall maintain a continuous record of the volume of the

concrete used and the level of the concrete in the pile. Any deviation from the
theoretical or expected volume/level relationship shall immediately be
reported to the Engineer.
3.13.3.8 Extraction of Temporary Casing
40
3.13.3.8.1 Workability of Concrete
Temporary casings shall be extracted while the concrete within them remains
sufficiently workable to ensure that the concrete is not lifted.
3.13.3.8.2 Concrete Level
When the casing is being extracted a sufficient quantity of concrete shall be

maintained within it to ensure that pressure from external water, drilling fluid
or soil is exceeded and that the pile is neither reduced in section nor
contaminated. The toe of the temporary casing shall be kept a minimum of 2
metres under the outlet of the tremie.
No concrete shall be placed in the boring once the bottom of the casing has
been lifted above the top of the concrete; it shall be placed continuously as the
casing is extracted until the desired head of concrete is obtained.
Adequate precautions shall be taken in all cases where excess heads of water
or drilling fluid could be caused as the casing is withdrawn because of the
displacement of water or fluid by the concrete as it flows into its final position
against the walls of the shaft.
The pile shall be concreted high enough to allow for chiselling off the top
concrete down to sound hard concrete. The top level of concrete shall be set at
least 750 900 mm higher than the cut-off level. The top 750 900 mm shall be
broken away before bonding the pile head with pile cap. If it is observed that
laitance layer is more than 750 900 mm, it shall be broken and an additional
length beyond 900mm shall be cast again.
The pile top shall after clean cutting be embedded 100 mm in the foundation.
3.13.3.8.3 Vibrating Extractors
The use of vibrating casing extractors shall be permitted.
3.13.3.8.4 Reinforcement Cage
During concreting and pulling of the casing, the reinforcement cage shall be
secured against uplift and the top shall be kept under close inspection.
3.13.3.8.5 Supervision
The execution of the pile concreting shall be supervised by a qualified person

of the Contractor's staff, who will keep records on the relation between
quantity of concrete used, level of concrete and withdrawal of casing.
3.13.3.9 Records
41
The Contractor shall keep records as indicated below for the installation of
each pile and shall submit two signed copies of these records to the Engineer
not later than noon of the next working day after the pile was installed. The
signed records shall form a record of the work. The following data are
required:
a). Pile location

b). Pile reference number
c). Pile type
d). Nominal cross-sectional dimensions or diameter
e). Date and time of boring
f). Date and time of concreting
g). Ground level
h). Working level
i). Pile toe level
j). Pile head level
k). Length of temporary casing
l). Soil samples taken and in situ tests carried out
m). Standing water level
n). Length and details of reinforcement
o). Concrete mix
p). Number of cement bags used
q). Volume of concrete supplied to pile and corresponding levels of concrete
and casings
r). All information regarding obstructions, delays and other interruptions to
the sequence of work.
3.13.3.10 Measures in Case of Rejected Piles
If any pile is found unsatisfactory in the opinion of the Engineer for utilisation
in the structure, it shall be cut off below the pile cap if so ordered by the
Engineer.
The pile shall be replaced as directed by the Engineer. All extra expenses shall
be borne by the Contractor and payment shall be made on the basis that the
replacement pile had to be provided for the unsatisfactory pile.
When the safe bearing value of any pile is found by test to be less than the
design load, longer piles or additional piles shall be installed as ordered in
writing by the Engineer.
3.13.3.11 Measurement and Payment
The Concrete work of cast-in-situ pile of the required size shall be paid as per
volume of pile cast measured in cum from the bottom of pile to the bottom of
pile cap and paid at the contract unit price shown in the Bill of Quantities and
shall be the full compensation for providing all materials, labour, equipment
and incidentals necessary to complete the work.
42
Boring measured in linear metre from the toe of pile to ground level shall be
paid separately, the boring rate will include disposal of soil arisings to a site
approved by the Engineer. Reinforcing steel and welding each shall be paid
separately. No payment shall be made for temporary casing pipe. Breaking of
the pile head and exposing the steel will be paid separately on a cubic metre
rate. All these will be paid at the contract unit price shown in the Bill of
Quantities and shall be the full compensation for providing all materials,
labour, equipment and incidentals necessary to complete the work.
No payment shall be made for unauthorised, defective, unsound or

unsatisfactorily piles or for any costs incurred by the Contractor for such piles.
3.14 PRE-CAST CONCRETE DRIVEN PILE
3.14.1 Description
This work shall consist of pre-cast reinforced concrete piles furnished and
driven in accordance with these Specifications and in conformity with the
requirements shown on the Drawings or elsewhere in the Contract Document.
The type and sizes of piling to be used shall be as indicated on the Drawings.
Where precast concrete driven piles have been indicated in the design, the
Engineer shall consider and may give approval for the use of alternative types
of piling proposed by the Contractor. The Contractor in submitting an
alternative type of pile shall provide design data, piling experience records and
calculations supporting the pile design and any variations in the substructure.
3.14.1.1 General
Pre-cast piles shall be manufactured in a casting yard in accordance with the

Drawings.
Concrete shall be placed in one continuous pour for each pile. Pouring of
concrete shall begin at the head and be progressed to the driving end of the
pile.
Each pile shall be indelibly marked with its sequential number and date of
manufacture.
3.14.1.2 Materials
3.14.1.2.1 Concrete
Pre-cast concrete piles shall be constructed in accordance with the details

shown on the Drawings, and of the concrete class, proportions, method of
mixing and placing in accordance with the provisions of section 3.10 of these
specifications. All cement, sand, stone chips and water shall conform to the
requirements of Materials Specifications.
43
The cross sectional dimensions of the pile shall be not less than those specified
and shall not exceed them by more than 10 mm.
Any face of a pile shall not deviate by more than 6 mm from a straight edge 3
metres long laid on the face, and the centroid of any cross section of the pile
shall not deviate by more than 1/1,000 of the length of the pile from the
straight line connecting the centroids of the end faces of the pile.
3.14.1.2.2 Formwork
The formwork for square pre-cast concrete piles shall conform to the general
requirement for concrete formwork as described in section 3.10.14 of these
specifications.
The head of each square pile shall be square to the longitudinal axis. The
corners of the head and the corners of the pile shaft for whole length from the
head to toe shall be chamfered 25 mm x 25 mm.
 When the sides of adjacent piles are used as formwork, an approved

method shall be used to prevent adhesion between concrete surfaces.
 Holes for toggle bolts shall be at right angles to the faces of the pile
and lined with steel tubes or other approved materials. Holes for
lifting, handling and pitching shall be formed in the positions and
according to the details shown on the Drawings or otherwise
approved by the Engineer and lined with steel tubes.
 Details of all pile shoes shall be submitted to the Engineer for
approval prior to fabrication or supply. All shoes shall be fitted to the
reinforcement as shown on the Drawings.
3.14.1.2.3 Reinforcement
Reinforcement shall be in accordance with the provisions set out in

specifications section 3.10 and positioned as shown on the Drawings.
44
3.14.1.3 Production of Piles
3.14.1.3.1 Casting
All pre-cast concrete piles shall be cast on the Site in the pile casting yard.
Square piles shall be cast in a horizontal position. Special care shall be taken
to place the concrete so as to produce a pile free from any air pockets,
honeycombing or other defect.
Piles shall be cast in a horizontal position on an accurately levelled casting

platform. The formwork shall conform to the requirements defined under the
relevant clause of this Specification.
Concrete shall be placed continuously and shall be compacted by vibrating or

by other means satisfactory to the Engineer. The forms shall be slightly
overfilled, the surplus concrete screeded off, and the top surfaces finished to a
uniform, even texture similar to that produced by the forms.
3.14.1.3.2 Casting tolerances
The cross sectional dimensions of piles shall not be less than those specified or
shown on the Drawings and shall not exceed such dimensions by more than
6mm.
Unless otherwise directed by the Engineer, any face of a pile shall not deviate
by more than 6mm from a straight edge 3m long laid on the face and the
centroid of any cross section of the pile shall not deviate by more than 10mm
from the straight line connecting the centroid of the end faces of the pile.
3.14.1.3.3 Curing and removal of formwork
Curing shall conform to the requirements defined in the relevant portion of the
Section on ‘Concrete Work’ of this Specification. Side forms may be removed
not less than 24 hours after placing the concrete, but the entire pile shall
remain fully supported for at least seven (7) days. When accelerated curing is
used, the curing procedures shall have to be accepted by the Engineer.
3.14.1.4 Curing
Curing of the concrete shall be commenced prior to the formation of surface

shrinkage cracks and as the concrete has hardened sufficiently to prevent
injury. Curing shall conform to the requirements of section 3.10.
3.14.1.5 Finishing
Piles shall present a true, smooth, even surface free from any surface
blemishes and true to the dimensions shown on the Drawings, within the
tolerance limits.
45
3.14.1.6 Marking of Piles
After a pile has been cast, the date of casting, reference number, and length
shall be clearly inscribed on the top surface of the pile and also clearly and
legibly marked on the head of the pile. In addition, each pile shall be marked
at intervals of 250 mm along the top 3 metres of its length before being driven.
3.14.1.7 Handling and Storage of Piles
The method and sequence of lifting, handling, transporting and storing piles
shall be such that the piles are not damaged. The lifting point of each size of
pile shall be proposed by the Contractor with supporting calculations for
approval of the Engineer which verifies the pile will not be damaged during
lifting, handling, transporting and storage. During transport and storage, piles
shall be stored on adequate supports located under the lifting points of the
piles.
Concrete shall at no time be subjected to loading, including its own weight,

which will induce a compressive stress in it exceeding one third of its strength.
For this purpose the assessment of the strength of the concrete and of the
stresses produced by the loads shall be subject to the agreement of the
Engineer.
All piles within a stack shall be in groups of the same length. Packing of
uniform thickness shall be provided between piles at the lifting points.
3.14.1.8 Spliced Piles
Splice of piles shall not be allowed in this Contract
3.14.1.9 Driving Piles
The Contractor shall establish all lines, levels and be responsible for the
correct positioning of all piles. Setting out shall be carried out from the main
grid lines of the proposed structure. Immediately before installation, the pile
position shall be marked with suitable identifiable pins or markers.
The position of the piles shall be set out in accordance with the Drawing from
the established Bench Mark.
The pre-cast piles shall be driven to a pre-planned sequence approved by the

Engineer and in the presence of the Engineer’s authorized representative in
order to minimize the detrimental effects of heave and lateral displacement of
the ground. No pile driving will be allowed at night unless prior permission is
obtained from the Engineer.
Piles shall be protected with an approved cushion and cap while being driven.
Pile driving shall be stopped when the maximum blows per 0.3m or the
46
number specified on the Drawings are reached or if the pile head is damaged
due to improper driving.
Piles shall be driven to the positions, lines and elevations shown on the
Drawings so that the pile center is within 75mm of the specified location point
and with a deviation from the vertical of not more than two percent. If any pile
is damaged or driven out of the specified tolerance, the Contractor shall
immediately submit proposals for remedial measures to the Engineer for his
written approval. Notwithstanding the Engineer’s approval, the Contractor
shall be solely responsible for the design and cost of the remedial measures.
3.14.1.10 Strength of Piles
Piles shall not be driven until the concrete has achieved the specified 28 day
strength.
3.14.1.11 Leaders and Trestles
At all stages during driving and until incorporation in the superstructure, the
pile shall be adequately supported and restrained by means of leaders, or other
guide arrangements to maintain position and alignment and to prevent
buckling. These arrangements shall be such that damage to the pile does not
occur. Leaders shall be of sufficient length to make the use of followers
unnecessary.
3.14.1.12 Driving Equipment
Before any piling work is commenced the Contractor shall submit to the
Engineer for approval full details of the pile driving equipment and the method
he intends to use in carrying out the work.
For special types of piling, driving head mandrels, or other devices in

accordance with requirements shall be provided so that piles may be driven
without injury.
The driving equipment shall be of a type which ensures that the energy needed
to penetrate the pile to the required depth is transmitted to the pile head
without damaging the pile. Efficiency factor of the hammer, i.e. the relation
between the theoretical energy developed by the hammer and the energy
submitted to the pile, shall be minimum 0.7.
Piles shall be driven with steam, air, diesel or gravity hammers. When diesel
hammers are used, they shall be calibrated by load tests if necessary.
When gravity hammers are used for driving concrete piles, the drop of the
hammer shall not exceed 1 metre and the hammer shall have a weight of not
less than the weight of the pile and the driving head. The fall shall be regulated
so as to prevent injury to the pile.
47
The hammer should be long and narrow so that it does not strike the pile
eccentrically, rather the blow becomes more axial with less chance of
damaging the pile. The helmet and it package should be carefully centred on
the pile head and the hammer position should be checked to ensure that it
delivers a concentric blow.
The minimum energy developed by other types of hammers shall be the same
as specified for gravity hammers.
Piles shall be driven by continuous vibratory percussion using steam, air,

diesel or gravity hammers. The equipment shall have sufficient capacity to
drive the pile to the design depth and set without damaging the pile.
Pile driving hammers, other than gravity hammers, shall be of the size needed
to develop the energy required to drive piles at a penetration rate of not less
than 2.5mm per blow at the required bearing value.
In case the required penetration is not obtained by the use of a hammer

complying with the above minimum requirements, the Contractor shall be
required to provide a hammer of greater energy or, when permitted, resort to
supplemental methods such as jetting or pre-boring.
3.14.1.13 Followers
Followers shall only be used when approved in writing by the Engineer, or

when specifically allowed as special provision. The follower and pile shall be
held and maintained in equal and proper alignment during driving. The
follower shall be of such material and dimensions to permit the piles to be
driven to the length determined necessary from the driving of the full-length
piles.
3.14.1.14 Driving Procedure and Re-drive Checks
Each pile shall be driven continuously until the specified or approved set
and/or depth has been reached, except that the Engineer may permit the
suspension of driving if he is satisfied that the rate of penetration prior to the
cessation of driving will be substantially re-established on its resumption or if
he is satisfied that the suspension of driving is beyond the control of the
Contractor. A follower (long dolly) shall not be used.
The Contractor shall inform the Engineer without delay if an unexpected

change in driving characteristics is noted. A detailed record of the driving
resistance over the full length of the nearest available pile shall be taken if
required.
At the start of work and in a new area or section, sets shall be taken at
intervals during the last 3 metres of the driving to establish the behaviour of
the piles.
48
The Contractor shall give adequate notice and provide all facilities to enable
the Engineer to check driving resistances. A set shall be taken only in the
presence of the Engineer unless otherwise approved.
Re-drive checks, if required, shall be carried out to an approved procedure.
Piles shall be driven with a variation of not more than 6mm per 0.3m from the
vertical or from the batter shown on the Drawings, except that piles for trestle
bents shall be so driven that the cap may be placed in its proper location
without inducing excessive stresses in the piles. Foundation piles shall not be
out of the position as shown on the Drawings by more than one-fourth of their
diameter or 150mm, whichever is greater after driving. Any increase in
footing dimensions or reinforcing due to out-of-position piles shall be at the
Contractor’s own expenses.
When problems are encountered in the resistance to the pile being driven or
with a pile rising as a result of driving of an adjacent pile, the Contractor shall
seek and comply with the instructions of the Engineer on methods and
procedures to overcome the problem. One of the methods may be that the
Contractor shall provide a heavier hammer as decided by the Engineer or
resort to jetting at his own expenses. The drop hammers shall be equipped
with proper leads and hoisting equipment to handle the work efficiently. The
fall of hammer shall not be more than 2.43m.
3.14.1.15 Final Set of Blows
The final set of blows for each pile shall be recorded either as the penetration
in millimetres per 10 blows or as the number of blows required to produce a
penetration of 250 mm. The exposed part of the pile and the driving equipment
shall be in good condition when the final set is measured
When a final set is being measured, the following requirements shall be met:
a) The exposed part of the pile shall be in good condition without damage
or distortion.
b) The dolly and packing, if any, shall be in sound condition.
c) The hammer blow shall be in line with the pile axis and the impact
surfaces shall be flat and at right angles to the pile and hammer axis.
d) The hammer shall be in good condition and operating correctly.
e) The temporary compression of the pile shall be recorded if required.
3.14.1.16 Driving Sequence and Risen Piles
Piles shall be driven in a sequence proposed by the Contractor and approved

by the Engineer in order to minimise the detrimental effects of heave and
lateral displacement of the ground.
49
When required, levels and measurements shall be taken to determine the

movement of either the ground or of any pile which results from the driving
process.
When a pile has risen as a result of adjacent piles being driven, the Contractor
shall submit to the Engineer his proposals for correcting this and the avoidance
of it in subsequent work.
3.14.1.17 Jetting
Water jetting shall not be allowed. Continuous vibratory percussive methods

shall be used to drive a pile to both its design depth where the upper strata
affords high resistance to driving.
3.14.1.18 Length of Piles
The lengths of the piles shown on the Drawings are based on information
which has been obtained from a site investigation prior to the driving of test
piles. The final length shall be decided by the Engineer on the basis of the
results of initial load test on piles. Test piles shall be installed as directed by
the Engineer at selected locations at each site where applicable.
Before pile lengths are finally settled, the Contractor shall construct to the
lengths shown on the Drawings such test piles as may be found necessary and
these piles shall be driven in the positions specified by the Engineer who shall
be notified in advance of the driving. The Contractor shall furnish the
Engineer daily with a detailed record of the test piles for the full depth of
driving. After attaining the approved set, driving shall be continued until the
Engineer directs that it shall cease. Driving of test piles beyond the point at
which the approved set is obtained shall be called for to demonstrate that
driving resistance continues to increase. The Contractor shall then provide the
remainder of the piles. In determining the lengths of piles the Contractor shall
base his order list on the lengths assumed to remain in the completed structure.
The Contractor at his own expense can increase the lengths to provide for
fresh heading and for such lengths as may be necessary to suit his method of
operation.
Reference is made to section 3.14 3.15 with regard to load tests on selected
test piles.
3.14.1.19 Repair of Damaged Pile Heads
When repairing the head of a pile, the head shall be cut off square at sound
concrete, and all loose particles shall be removed by wire brushing, followed
by washing with water. If the pile is to be subjected to further driving, the
head shall be replaced with concrete of an approved grade.
50
If the driving of a pile has been accepted but sound concrete of the pile is
below the cut-off level, the pile shall be made good to the cut-off level with
concrete of a grade not inferior to that of the concrete of the pile.
Repaired piles shall not be driven until the added concrete has reached the
specified characteristic strength of the concrete of the pile.
3.14.1.20 Cut off and Extension
Piles shall be cut off at such elevation that they shall extend into the cap or
footing as indicated on the Drawings. Any method for lengthening shall be
such that joints are capable of taking safely the stresses during driving and
under load.
3.14.1.21 Damage to Adjacent Structures and Services
The Contractor will take all necessary precautions to avoid damage to any
adjacent structures and services. If during the execution of the work damage
is, or is likely to be, caused to any adjacent structures or services, the
Contractor shall submit to the Engineer his proposals for repair or avoidance
of such damage.
3.14.1.22 Records
The Contractor shall keep records as indicated below of the installation of

each pile and shall submit two signed copies of these records to the Engineer
not later than noon of the next working day after the pile is installed. The
signed records shall form a record of the work.
The following data are required:
a). Pile location

b). Pile reference number
c). Pile type
d). Nominal cross-sectional dimensions or diameter
e). Length of preformed pile
f). Date and time of driving or re-driving
g). Ground level
h). Working level
i). Pile toe level
j). Type, weight, drop and mechanical condition of hammer and
equivalent information for other equipment.
k). Number and type of packing used and type and condition of dolly
used during driving the pile.
l). Set of pile in mm per 10 blows or number of blows per 250 mm
of penetration.
m). If required, the sets taken at intervals during the last 3 metres of
driving
51
n). If required, temporary compression of ground and pile from time

of a marked increase in driving resistance until pile reaches its
final level.
o). All information regarding obstructions delays and other
interruptions to the sequence of work.
3.14.2 Tolerances
3.14.2.1 Setting Out
Setting out shall be carried out from the main grid lines of the proposed
structure. Before installation of the pile, the pile position shall be agreed with
the Engineer and marked with suitable identifiable pins or markers.
3.14.2.2 Position
For a pile cut off at or above ground level the maximum permitted deviation of
the pile centre from the centre point shown on the setting out drawing shall be
75 mm in any direction. An additional tolerance for a pile head cut off below
ground level shall be permitted in accordance with Section 3.13.5.3 3.14.5.3.
3.14.2.3 Verticality
The maximum permitted deviation of the finished pile from the vertical shall
be 1 in 50 (2%)
3.14.2.4 Defective Piles
The procedure of driving the piles shall not subject them to excessive and
undue abuse producing crushing and spalling of the concrete or deformation of
the steel. Manipulation of piles to force them into proper position, considered
by the Engineer to be excessive, shall not be permitted. Any pile damaged by
reason of internal defects, or by improper driving or driven out of its proper
location or driven below the elevation fixed by the plans or by the Engineer,
shall be corrected at the Contractor’s expense by one of the following methods
approved by the Engineer for the pile in question:
(a). The pile shall be withdrawn and replaced by a new and if necessary, a
longer pile.
(b). A second pile shall be driven adjacent to the defective or low pile.
(c). The pile shall be spliced or built up as otherwise provided herein or a

sufficient portion of the footing extended to properly embed the pile.
3.14.2.5 Method of Measurement
Casting of piles shall be measured in running meter mentioning the size of

pile. It shall include casting on bed, shuttering curing etc. complete.
52
The pay lengths of the satisfactory driven piles shall be measured from the toe
to the cut-off point. Cut-off length shall not be measured for payment.
Reinforcing steel shall be measured in accordance with specification Section

3.10.11 3.11.10.
Driving of piles shall be measured in running meter.
3.14.2.6 Basis of Payment
Payments shall be made in separate items for casting of piles and driving of
piles as per contract prices and units.
Payments for furnishing piles shall include full compensation for furnishing
the piles and all materials required thereof including all materials required for
extensions and build-ups if any and for completion of the piles, and for all
labour, tools, hauling, equipment including formwork concrete and all
incidentals necessary to the construction of the piling prior to driving. The
number of linear running metres of precast concrete piles to be paid for shall
be the total ordered volume of piles which have been furnished in accordance
with the lengths designated by the Engineer or shown in the drawings.
Payment for driving piles shall include full compensation for driving piles
including all labour, tools, equipment, handling and hauling and all other
incidental work connected therewith. The number of linear metre to be paid
for shall be the total number of linear metre of driven piles measured from the
bottom of the pile shoe to the bottom of the pile cap.
Payment for reinforcement shall be made separately. No separate payment
shall be made for the pile shoes or spacer forks. The contractor shall include
the cost of pile shoes/spacer forks in his rate for manufacturing the pile.
No payment shall be made for unauthorized, defective, unsound or
unsatisfactory driven piles or for any cost incurred by the contractor for such
piles.
3.15 LOAD TEST OF PILE
3.15.1 Descriptions
3.15.1.1 General
This Section deals with the testing of a pile by the application of an axial load
or force. It covers vertical piles tested in compression
3.15.1.2 Definitions
3.15.1.2.1 Allowable Load
53
The load which may be safely applied to a pile after taking into account its
ultimate bearing capacity, negative friction, pile spacing, overall bearing
capacity of the ground below and allowable settlement.
3.15.1.2.2 Compression Pile
A pile which is designed to resist an axial force such as would cause it to

penetrate further into the ground.
3.15.1.2.3 Kentledge
The dead weight used in a loading test.
3.15.1.2.4 Maintained Load Test
A loading test, in which each increment of load is held constant either for a
defined period of time or until the rate of movement (settlement or uplift) falls
to a specified value.
3.15.1.2.5 Test Pile
Testing of piles will be carried out on a working pile, subject to the Engineer’s
approval.
3.15.1.2.6 Proof Load
A load applied to a selected pile to confirm that it is suitable for the load at the
settlement specified. A proof load should not normally exceed 200% of the
working load on a pile except in circumstances where Special Provisions are
provided for the testing of precast piles driven to a set. In these circumstances,
300% is specified.
3.15.1.2.7 Reaction System
The arrangement of kentledge, piles, anchors or rafts that provides a resistance

against which the pile is tested.
3.15.1.2.8 Tension Pile
A pile which is designed to resist an axial force such as would cause it to be

extracted from the ground.
3.15.1.2.9 Test Pile
Any pile to which a test loading is, or is to be, applied.
3.15.1.2.10 Ultimate Bearing Capacity
54
The load at which the resistance of the soil becomes fully mobilised.
3.15.1.2.11 Working Load
The load which the pile is designed to carry.
3.15.1.2.12 Working Pile
One of the piles forming the foundation of a structure.
3.15.1.3 Supervision
All tests shall be carried out only under the direction of an experienced and
competent supervisor conversant with the test equipment and test procedure.
All personnel operating the test equipment shall have been trained in its use.
3.15.1.4 Safety Precautions
3.15.1.4.1 General
When preparing for, conducting and dismantling a pile test the Contractor
shall carry out the requirement of the various regulations and other statutory
instruments that are applicable to the work for the provision and maintenance
of safe working conditions, and shall in addition make such other provision as
may be necessary to safeguard against any hazards that are involved in the
testing or preparations for testing.
3.15.1.4.2 Kentledge
Where kentledge is used the Contractor shall construct the foundations for the
kentledge and any cribwork, beams or other supporting structure in such a
manner that there will not be differential settlement, bending or deflexion of
an amount that constitutes a hazard to safety or impairs the efficiency of the
operation. The kentledge shall be adequately bonded, tied or otherwise held
together to prevent it falling apart, or becoming unstable because of deflection
of the supports.
The weight of kentledge shall be greater than the maximum test load and if the
weight is estimated from the density and volume of the constituent materials
an adequate factor of safety against error shall be allowed.
3.15.1.4.3 Tension Piles and Ground Anchors
Where tension piles or ground anchors are used the Contractor shall ensure
that the load is correctly transmitted to all the tie rods or bolts. The extension
of rods by welding shall not be permitted unless it is known that the steel will
not be reduced in strength by welding. The bond stresses of the rods in tension
55
shall not exceed normal permissible bond stresses for the type of steel and
grade of concrete used.
3.15.1.4.4 Testing Equipment
In all cases the Contractor shall ensure that when the hydraulic jack and load
measuring device are mounted on the pile head the whole system shall be
stable up to the maximum load to be applied. Means shall be provided to
enable 3 No. dial gauges to be read from a position clear of the kentledge stack
or test frame so that failure in any part of the system due to overloading,
buckling, loss of hydraulic pressure will not constitute a hazard to personnel.
The hydraulic jack, pump, hoses, pipes, couplings and other apparatus to be
operated under hydraulic pressure shall be capable of withstanding a test
pressure of 1.5 times the maximum working pressure without leaking.
The maximum test load or test pressure expressed as a reading on the gauge in
use shall be displayed and all operators shall be made aware of this limit.
3.15.1.5 Construction of a Service Pile to be Test Loaded
3.15.1.5.1 Notice of Construction
The Contractor shall give the Engineer at least 48 hours’ notice of the
commencement of construction of any test pile, which is to be test loaded.
3.15.1.5.2 Method of Construction
A working pile shall be used as a test pile and shall be constructed in a manner
similar to all other working piles, and by the use of similar equipment and
materials. Any variation shall only be permitted with prior approval.
If construction of an additional test pile is required then extra reinforcement

and concrete of increased strength shall be permitted in the shafts of test piles
at the discretion of the Engineer.
3.15.1.5.3 Boring or Driving Record
For each pile which is to be tested a detailed record of the soils encountered
during boring, or of the progress during driving shall be made and submitted
to the Engineer daily not later than noon on the next working day.
3.15.1.5.4 Cut-Off Level
The pile shaft shall terminate at the normal cut-off level, or at a level required
by the Engineer.
56
The pile shaft shall be extended where necessary above the cut-off level of
working piles so that gauges and other apparatus to be used in the testing
process are not damaged by water or falling debris.
3.15.1.5.5 Pile Head for Compression Tests
For a pile that is tested in compression, the pile head or cap shall be formed to
give a plane surface which is normal to the axis of the pile, sufficiently large
to accommodate the loading and settlement-measuring equipment and
adequately reinforced or protected to prevent damage from the concentrated
application of load from the loading equipment.
3.15.1.6 Preparation of a Working Pile to be Tested
Testing is required on a working pile and the Contractor shall cut down or
otherwise prepare the pile for testing as required by the Engineer in
accordance with sections 3.15.1.5.5 and 3.15.1.5.5 3.15.1.6.
3.15.2 Reaction Systems
3.15.2.1 Compression Tests
Compression tests shall be carried out using kentledge, tension piles or

specially constructed anchorages.
Where kentledge is to be used, it shall be supported on cribwork disposed

around the pile head so that its centre of gravity is on the axis of the pile. The
bearing pressure under supporting cribs shall be such as to ensure stability of
the kentledge stack. Kentledge shall not be carried directly on the pile head,
except when directed by the Engineer.
3.15.2.2 Working Piles
Where working piles are used as reaction piles their movement shall be
measured to within an accuracy of 0.5 mm.
3.15.2.3 Spacing
Where kentledge is used for loading vertical piles in compression, the distance
from the edge of the test pile to the nearest part of the crib supporting the
kentledge stack in contact with the ground shall be not less than 1.3 metres.
The centre to centre spacing of vertical reaction piles, including working piles
used as reaction piles, from a test pile shall be not less than three times the
diameter of the test pile or the reaction piles or 2 metres, whichever is the
greatest.
3.15.2.4 Adequate Reaction
57
The size, length and number of the piles or anchors, or the area of the rafts,
shall be adequate to transmit the maximum test load to the ground in a safe
manner without excessive movement or influence on the test pile.
3.15.2.5 Care of Piles
The method employed in the installation of any reaction piles, anchors or rafts
shall be such as to prevent damage to any test pile or working pile.
3.15.2.6 Loading Arrangement
The loading arrangement used shall be designed to transfer safely to the test
pile the maximum load required in testing. Full details shall be submitted to
the Engineer prior to any work related to the testing process being carried out
on the Site.
3.15.3 Equipment for Applying Load
The equipment used for applying load shall be approved by the Engineer and
arranged in conjunction with any reaction system to deliver an axial load to
the test pile. The complete system shall be capable of transferring the
maximum load required for the test.
3.15.4 Measurement of Load
Suitable approved measuring devices for determining the load on the pile shall
be supplied by the Contractor. Certificates of calibration of any equipment
used shall be supplied to the Engineer.
The Engineer shall approve the type of gauges to be used and other details on
the instrumentation.
3.15.5 Adjustability of Loading Equipment
The loading equipment shall be capable of adjustment throughout the test to

obtain a smooth increase of load or to maintain each load constant at the
required stages of a maintained loading test.
3.15.6 Measuring Movement of Pile Heads
3.15.6.1 General
In a maintained load test movement of the pile head shall be measured by two
of the methods as described below. One method for settlement measurements,
the other method for control.
3.15.6.2 Leveling Method
58
An optical or any other levelling method by reference to an external datum

may be used.
Where a level and staff are used, the level and scale of the staff shall be
chosen to enable readings to be made to within an accuracy of 0.5 mm. A
scale attached to the pile or pile cap may be used instead of a levelling staff.
At least two datum points shall be established on permanent objects or other
well-founded structures, or deep datum points shall be installed. Each datum
point shall be situated so that only one setting up of the level is needed.
No datum point shall be affected by the test loading or other operations on the
site.
Where another method of levelling is proposed this shall be approved in

writing.
3.15.6.3 Independent Reference Frame
An independent reference frame may be set up to permit measurement of the

movement of the pile. The supports for the frame shall be founded in such a
manner and at such a distance from the test pile, kentledge support cribs,
reaction piles, anchorages and rafts that movements of the ground in the
vicinity of the equipment do not cause movement of the reference frame
during the testing. Check observations of any movements of the reference
frame shall be made and a check shall be made of the movement of the pile
head relative to an external datum during the progress of the test. In no case
shall the supports be less than three test pile diameters or 2 metres, whichever
is the greater, from the centre of the test pile.
The measurement of pile movement shall be made by three dial gauges for a
cast-in-situ pile, rigidly mounted on the reference frame that bear on surfaces
normal to the pile axis fixed to the pile cap or head. Alternatively the gauges
may be fixed to the pile and bear on surfaces on the reference frame. The dial
gauges shall be placed in diametrically opposed positions and be equidistant
from the pile axis. The dial gauges shall enable readings to be made to within
an accuracy of 0.1 mm.
The reference frames shall be protected from sun and wind.
3.15.6.4 Other Methods
The Contractor may submit to the Engineer for approval any other method for
measuring the movement of pile heads, but may not use the method until
approval has been given.
3.15.7 Protection of Testing Equipment
3.15.7.1 Protection from Weather
59
Throughout the test period all equipment for measuring load and movement
shall be protected from the weather.
3.15.7.2 Prevention of Disturbance
Construction equipment and persons who are not involved in the testing
process shall be kept at a sufficient distance from the test to avoid disturbance
to the measurement apparatus.
3.15.8 Supervision
3.15.8.1 Notice of Test
The Contractor shall give the Engineer at least 48 hours’ notice of the
commencement of the test.
3.15.8.2 Records
During the progress of a test, the testing equipment and all records of the test
shall be available for inspection by the Engineer.
3.15.9 Test Procedure
3.15.9.1 Separate Test Pile - Proof Test by Maintained Load Test
3.15.9.1.1 Load
The maximum working load, is shown on the Drawings. The loading and
unloading to the proof load shall be carried out in stages as shown in Table
3.15-1 or as required by the Engineer.
3.15.9.1.2 Rate of Settlement

Following each application of an increment of load the load shall be held for
not less than the period shown in Table 3.15-1 or until the rate of settlement is
less than 0.25 mm/hour and is slowing down. The rate of settlement shall be
calculated from the slope of the curve obtained by plotting values of
settlement versus time and drawing a smooth curve through the points.
Each stage of unloading shall proceed after the expiry of the period shown in
Table 3.15-1.
For any period when the load is constant, time and settlement shall be
recorded immediately on reaching the load and at approximately 15 minute
intervals for 1 hour, at 30 minute intervals between 1 hour and 4 hours, and at
1 hour intervals between 4 hours and 12 hours after the application of the
increment of load.
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3.15.9.1.3 Loading Sequence

The Engineer may require that the full loading, or any portion of the loading,
be maintained on the pile for periods longer than shown in Table 3.15-1.
Table 3.15-1
Loading Sequence
Load as Percentage of Working Load Minimum Time of
Bored Piles Driven Piles Holding Load
25 50 1 hour
50 100 1 hour
75 125 1 hour
100 150 1 hour
75 125 10 minutes
50 100 10 minutes
25 50 10 minutes
0 0 1 hour
100 150 6 hours
125 200 1 hour
150 250 6 hours
175 275 1 hour
200 300 24 hours Proof Load
175 275 10 minutes
150 250 10 minutes
125 225 10 minutes
100 200 10 minutes
75 150 10 minutes
50 100 10 minutes
25 50 10 minutes
0 0 1 hour
3.15.9.2 Service Pile - Static Load Test for Cast-in-situ / Pre-cast Pile
3.15.9.2.1 Loading
1. For each pile the maximum test load (proof load) shall be one and a half times
the required working load.
2. The test load shall be applied by jacking against a platform loaded with
kentledge on top of the pile unless otherwise approved by the Engineer and
shall be applied in such a manner that the load is truly axial. Kentledge shall
not be supported directly by the pile.
3. Jacking from adjacent piles will not be permitted.
4. The load increments shall be applied as per the following loading sequence;
Load as Percentage of Minimum Time of Holding Load
61
Working Load
25 % 30 minutes
50 % 30 minutes
75 % 30 minutes
100 % 1 hour
75 % 10 minutes
50 % 10 minutes
25 % 10 minutes
0% 1 hour
100 % 6 hours
125 % 1 hour
150 % 6 hours
125 % 10 minutes
100 % 10 minutes
75 % 10 minutes
50 % 10 minutes
25 % 10 minutes
0% 1 hour
3.15.9.2.2 Settlement
5. During the loading stages, the load, settlement and time shall be recorded
immediately upon reaching the load increment and at;
- 10 minutes intervals approximately for 30 minutes
- 20 minutes intervals approximately for 1 hour
- 1 hour intervals for 6 hours
From the application of the load increment, as applicable.
3.15.9.2.3 Unloading
6. During the unloading stages, the load, settlement, and time shall be recorded
immediately upon reaching the load decrement and also immediately prior to
removal of the next load decrement. The final residual deflection shall be
measured 24 hours after the total test load has been removed.
3.15.9.2.4 Results
7. After loading is carried out up to one and a half times the working load, safe
load on single pile shall be the two thirds of the load at which the following
criteria fulfill;
- The total settlement attains a value of 12mm

- The net settlement attains a value of 6mm.
3.15.10 Presentation of Results
62
3.15.10.1 Results to be Submitted
Results shall be submitted as:
a) A summary in writing to the Engineer, unless otherwise directed, within

24 hours of the completion of the test, which shall give for a proof test
by maintained load for each stage of loading, the period for which the
load was held, the load and the maximum settlement or uplift recorded.
b) The completed schedule of recorded data as in Section 3.14.14.2

3.15.10.2 within seven days of the completion of the test.
3.15.10.2 Schedule of Recorded Data
The Contractor shall provide information about the tested pile in accordance
with the following schedule where applicable.
3.15.10.2.1 General
1) Site location
2) Contract identification
3) Proposed structure
4) Date of test
3.15.10.2.2 Pile Details
1) Identification (number and location of the test pile)

2) Ground level at pile position
3) Head level as which test load is applied
4) Type of pile
5) Length in ground
6) Level in ground
7) Level of toe
8) Details of Permanent casing
3.15.10.2.3 Installation Details
1) Dates and times of boring, driving and concreting of test pile and
adjacent piles
2) Date and time of casting concrete
3) Driven length of pile or temporary casing at final set
4) Hammer type, size or weight
5) Dolly and packing, type and condition before and after driving
6) Driving log (depth, blows per 250 mm, interruptions or breaks in
driving)
7) At final set and at redrive set, for drop or single acting hammers, the
length of the drop or stroke, for diesel hammers the length of the stroke
and the blows per minutes, for double-acting hammers the number of
blows per minute
8) Condition of pile head or temporary casing after driving
63
3.15.10.2.4 Test Procedure
1) Weight of kentledge
2) Tension pile, ground anchor or compression pile details
3) Plan of test arrangement showing position and distances of kentledge
supports, rafts, tension or compression piles and reference frame to test
pile
4) Jack capacity
5) Method of Load measurement
6) Method(s) of penetration measurement
7) Relevant dates and times
3.15.10.2.5 Test Results
1) In tabular form
2) In graphical form: loads plotted against movements and time
3.15.11 Completion of a Test
3.15.11.1 Measuring Equipment

On completion of a test all equipment and measuring devices shall be
dismantled, checked and either stored so that they are available for use in
further tests or removed from the Site.
3.15.11.2 Kentledge
Kentledge and its supporting structure shall be removed from the test pile and
stored so that they are available for use in further tests or removed from the
Site.
3.15.11.3 Temporary Piles
On completion of a preliminary test, temporary tension piles shall be cut off

below ground level, removed from the Site and the ground made good with
approved material as specified.
3.15.11.4 Failure Criterion of Working Test Pile
The working Test Pile will be deemed to have failed if:
i). For cast-in-situ pile, maximum settlement at twice the working load
(proof load) exceeds 25 mm at the end of 24 hours, minimum time of
holding the load.
ii). For pre-cast pile, maximum settlement at thrice the working load (proof
load) exceeds 25 mm at the end of 24 hours, minimum time of holding
the load.
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iii). Residual settlement exceeds 6 mm at the end of 1 hour minimum time of

holding load for the final unloading.
If the test pile fails, for which the opinion of the Engineer is final, the
Contractor shall not be paid for the failed pile and the load test. The
Contractor shall propose remedial measures for the approval of the
Engineer and the cost of the remedial work shall be borne by the
Contractor. For each pile failure the Contractor shall carryout two
additional working pile load tests at his own cost as per specification and
direction of the Engineer.
3.15.12 Measurement and Payment
The number of load test(s) satisfactorily conducted and completely performed

shall be paid for at the contract unit price per pile load test which price shall be
full compensation for furnishing all materials, labour and work and for use of
all tools, equipment, rigs and for all other incidentals to complete the work.
3.16 INTEGRITY TESTING
When shaft concrete is placed by the wet construction method, the completed
shaft will be subjected to non-destructive testing to determine the extent of any
defects that may be present in the shaft.
The testing procedure is to be proposed by the Contractor for the Engineer’s

approval.
If the pile testing discloses voids or discontinuities in the concrete, which as

determined by the Engineer, indicate that the pile is not structurally adequate,
the pile shall be rejected and construction of further piles will be suspended
until the Contractor repairs, replaces or supplements the defective work, and
the Engineer approves the remedial work. Suspension of pile construction
shall remain in effect until written changes to the methods of pile construction
are approved by the Engineer.
Payment shall be made to the Contractor for each test as per Contract unit
price.
3.17 BRICK WORK 250 mm THICK AND ABOVE
3.17.1 Description
This item shall consist of constructing brick masonry work in 1:4 cement
mortar in such thickness and at such heights as required by the plans.
3.17.2 Materials
Bricks, shall meet the requirements of section 2.2 of Materials Specification.
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Cement shall be Portland Composite Cement CEM II as per section 2.1 and
sand shall be as per section 2.4.1.
Mortar of brickwork unless otherwise required shall consists of 1 part of

cement and 4 parts of sand by volume, as per provisions of BNBC 93 of High
Wind Region.
Cement and sand (FM 1.2) shall be mixed dry in the specified proportions on a
clean board or platform until the colour of the mixture is uniform. Water shall
then be added sparingly, only the minimum necessary being used to produce a
workable mixture of normal consistency, The water cement ratio in no case
shall exceed 0.50 by weight, or as directed by the Engineer.
The mixing shall be done on a clean hard platform with watertight joints to
avoid leakage. The mixture should be covered with polythene sheet or other
means so that dust or other foreign materials cannot be deposited. At the close
of each day's work, the mixing trough and the pans shall be thoroughly
cleaned and washed.
Mortar shall be mixed in quantities required for immediate use within 30

minutes of mixing. Mortar, which has taken its initial set shall, on no account
be used on the work, nor shall it be remixed with or without additional
materials or re tempered by other means.
3.17.3 Construction requirements
No bricks shall be used until they have been thoroughly soaked in clear water
for at least eight hours. Soaking shall be discontinued one hour before use.
Care shall be taken that the bricks are clean and free from lime or dirt of any
kind. If necessary, bricks shall be scrubbed clean by steel brush and washed.
Water in soaking vat shall be replaced at regular intervals to avoid
concentration of salt and dirt. Vat for the soaking of brick shall be constructed
above the ground with a height of about 1 metre and size enough to soak
sufficient bricks for a day’s work. For clearing the dirty water, a hole shall be
kept at the bottom of one side. The vat shall have two chambers, one for
soaking brick and one for clean water to be used for mixing mortar. After the
days work, the vat shall be cleaned, filled with fresh water and sufficient
number of bricks shall be submerged in the vat for overnight soaking.
Brickwork shall be built in plumb and shall be carried up regularly throughout

the entire length of the structure. Unless otherwise specified, bricks shall be
laid in English Bond with frog mark on top and each brick being set with
mortar in bed and vertical joints. All bricks shall be whole except where
necessary for closers and where expressly authorised. All horizontal joints
shall be parallel and level. Vertical joints in alternate courses shall come
directly over one another. Joint thickness should be uniform and shall be 6mm
for pointing brick work and shall in no case exceed 10mm for other brick
works. Exposed joints shall be raked and flush-pointed unless otherwise
specified and the face of the work shall be kept clean as work proceeds.
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Pouring of water in the joints at the time of laying the brick shall be strictly
prohibited. If the brick work is to be plastered, at the end of the day’s work the
vertical and horizontal joints should be raked to a depth of 12mm with a bent
iron rod, so as to ensure good adhesion to the plaster to be done subsequently.
The joints of brickwork that shall remain below and in contact with the ground
shall be made flushed with mortar by trowels at the time of brick work. At
frequent intervals, the wall surface shall be checked with the straight edge
(patta) and the plumb bob to see that the wall is in correct vertical plane and
that there is no depression on the surface anywhere. The straight edge shall be
put at various angles to ensure correct surface of brickwork. All masonry shall
be true to plumb within the tolerance prescribed below:
a) Deviation from vertical within a storey shall not exceed 6mm per 3m
height.
b) Deviation from position shown on plan of any brickwall shall not exceed
12mm.
c) Relative displacement between load bearing walls in adjacent stories
intended to be in vertical alignment shall not exceed 6mm.
Any pipe or conduit may pass vertically or horizontally through any masonry
by means of a sleeve at least long enough to pass any hub or coupling on the
pipe line. Such sleeves shall not be placed closer than three diameters centre to
centre nor shall they unduly impair the strength of construction.
Chases, recesses and holes shall be permitted within the tolerances prescribed
below:
a) Vertical chases shall be preferred instead of horizontal chase.

b) Vertical chases shall not be closer than 2m in any stretch of wall and
shall not be located within 350mm of an opening or within 250mm of a
cross wall that serves as a stiffening wall for stability.
c) Horizontal chases shall be located in the upper or lower middle third
height of a wall.
When brickwork in any section cannot be carried up in level courses, the work
is to be racked back in regular steps of one course each.
The height of day's work shall be limited to 1.25 meter unless otherwise
permitted. In exposed situations the day's work shall be protected against
harmful effect of weather during and for a period immediately following
construction until the mortar has sufficiently hardened. All brickwork shall be
thoroughly cured for a period of at least seven (7) days. Fixture in masonry
such as anchors, clamps, brackets, pipes, etc. shall be built-in during
construction at no additional cost to the Contract.
This item shall be measured in net cubic meter (cum) of brickwork built in
place to the neat lines of the structures shown on the plans with 250mm width
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for one brick and 375mm for one and half brick length. No deduction shall be
made for flues, storm drainage, sewerage, electric conduit and other utility
pipe holes for payment of work. Necessary scaffolding shall be done at the
expense of the contractor for proper execution of work. The rate shall include
the cost of erection and removal of scaffolding.
Payment shall be made at the Contract unit price per cubic meter (Cum) of
laying, and curing all materials and for all labour, scaffolding, tools and
equipment, and for all incidentals necessary to complete the item.
3.18 125mm THICK BRICK WORK
3.18.1 Description
The work covered by this item shall consist in constructing 125mm thick wall
with 1st class bricks in 1:4 cement mortar at any heights as required by the
plans.
Materials and method of construction shall be as stated in section 3.16 3.17.
125mm thick brick walls shall be measured in square meter (sq.m) actually
built wall deducting all openings and incorporated foreign structures, such as
lintels, columns, beams, etc..
Payment shall be made at the contract unit price per square meter (sq.m) of
laying and curing all materials and for all labour, scaffoldings, tools and
equipment, and for all incidentals necessary to complete the item.
3.19 FACING BRICK WORK
3.19.1 Description
The work covered by this item shall consist of constructing facing brickwork
or cladding brickwork in superstructure with 200 x 100 x 50mm machine
made ceramic hard pressed bricks with cement mortar in accordance with the
applicable plans and these specifications.
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3.19.2 Materials
All materials shall meet requirements of Material Specifications.
Facing bricks shall be of size 200 x 100 x 50mm hard pressed and machine
made. Colour shall be uniform and corners shall be sharp without any crack
and size shall be uniform.
Mortar for installation shall consist of 1 part cement to 4 parts sand (FM 1.2).
Before laying the facing brick over ordinary brick work, a true to plumb
surface both vertically and horizontally shall be prepared on brick surface with
sand cement mortar few days before actually laying the facing bricks. The
surface shall be used and roughened to receive the facing brick. This is
required to have a perfectly level bed for the facing brickwork.
Exposed bricks shall be laid in courses accurately spaced by means of a

wooden template of 40 x 100 x 750mm long having a longitudinal tongue of 6
x 6mm. The tongue shall be perfectly straight and true. The thickness of bed
joint shall be 6mm. The thickness of vertical joints shall be as small as
possible but not exceeding 6mm. A recess of 6mm in joints on the pointed
face shall be carefully preserved. The work shall be cured for 7 days.
Pointing shall follow after the masonry has been cured for 7days. Masonry
surfaces and joints shall first be thoroughly scrubbed and cleaned with clear
water. When the wall surface is dry pointing mortar with a cement sand ratio
of 1: 2 shall be applied with small steel trowels to fill the joints. Extreme care
shall be taken that the mortar does not spread over the edges of the brick. The
mortar shall be compacted by pressing the trowel hard against the joint and
finished by drawing the trowel with a steady, firm tangential motion over the
surface. The mortar consistency shall neither be too stiff nor too soft but must
be of a consistency to take a polish at the time of finishing. Pointing shall be
cured for 7 days.
Brick used for facing brickwork for a particular building should have uniform
colour to give the building a uniform look.
Specially trained masons experienced in facing brickwork shall be engaged for

this work.
Special care shall be taken so that mortar does not flow and stain the surface
of the facing bricks.
Consistency of the cement mortar should not be too loose to flow on the face
of the brickwork.
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Both horizontal and vertical joints should be of uniform depth and thickness to
give the surface a descent look.
The work shall be measured in square meter of finished surface for completed
and accepted works.
The amount of completed and accepted work measured as provided above

shall be paid for at the contract unit price per square meter (sq.m) which
payment shall constitute full compensation for furnishing all materials,
equipment, transport, handling, storage, preparing, mixing, curing, scaffolding
and all incidentals necessary to complete the work as per applicable plans.
3.20 FANCY SCREEN WORK WITH HOLLOW CERAMIC BLOCK
3.20.1 Description
The work covered by this item shall consist of constructing Fancy Screen
Block Works with hollow machine made ceramic block laid in colour cement
sand mortar (1:3) at any heights as required by the plans..
3.20.2 Materials
All materials shall meet requirements of Materials Specifications. The block to

be used and its manufacturer shall be proposed by the Contractor and require
the approval of the Engineer.
Ceramic hollow block shall be of size 150 x 150 x 100mm made by machine
having uniform texture, good finish, well defined corners and edges and
surface made for durable and heavy duty performance. It should be dense
having low water absorption and low porosity. The block shall be collected
from the approved manufacturer.
Mortar for installation shall consist of 1 part cement to 3 parts sand (FM 1.2).
The hollow ceramic block shall be laid over cement motor (1:3) mixed with
red oxide colour with uniform mortar joints, true to vertical and horizontal line
including racking out joints, cleaning and soaking the blocks for minimum 24
hours before use including washing and screening of sand, curing and
complete in all respect as per drawing and direction of the Engineer. When
laid horizontally no cut piece fancy brick shall be allowed. If required guide
dimension should be adjusted keeping in mid the space for joints.
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Cutting by circular saw or any other method is allowed when the works at
upper level become reduced for conical shape as per design. Pigments to be
used on mortar to match with the surfaces of fancy brick
Measure for payment shall be in square meter to the finished surface. No

deduction for hollow space shall be counted.
Payment shall be made at the contract unit price per square meter (sq.m) of
completed and accepted work. The payment will constitute full compensation
for furnishing, storing, transporting, preparing, laying and curing all materials
and for all labour, scaffoldings, tools and equipment, and for all incidentals
necessary to complete the item.
3.21 PLASTER ON BRICK MASONRY
3.21.1 Description
This item shall consist of providing 12mm to 20mm thick (1:4) plaster on
brick walls, and where necessary in accordance with these Specifications and
drawings.
3.21.2 Materials
Cement, sand and water shall conform to the requirement of the relevant
sections of Materials Specifications.
Cement and sand shall be mixed dry in the specified proportion until the
mixture is uniform in colour. Only enough water shall be added to provide
plasticity. Mortar shall be mixed only in quantities for immediate use. Mortar,
which has taken initial set, shall not be used on the work with or without
addition of fresh material. Mixing of mortar on a finished floor must not be
allowed.
3.21.3 Surface preparation
Before application of plaster, the joints in brick walls shall be adequately

raked out where necessary. The surfaces shall be scrubbed clean of loose
materials and soaked with water and kept damped for 24 hours.
All concealed utility service lines, conduits, pipes, clamps, door/window

frames and other inserts must be in position before plastering commences.
Chiselling and patch repairing of plaster shall not be permitted.
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Application Method: Cement and sand properly mixed with water in the
proportion as specified shall be laid on clean walls to a thickness of 12mm.
Thicker plaster on an average up to 20mm may be necessary for the uneven
face of the 250mm wall.
Guide bands of plaster called the ‘Paya’ shall first be laid on the wall at
suitable distance and their verticality and their being in the same plane shall be
checked by a wooden straight edge (Patta) and plumb bob. Then the space in
between shall be made even by laying the plastering materials and finishing
the surface evenly between guide bunds. The surface and level of plaster
should be checked by placing the straight edge horizontally, vertically and at
different angles.
Laid plaster shall be finished by straight edge and trowel. Adequately long
straight edge shall be used to bring the surface to true plane and level. After
finishing the plaster with trowels a steel trowel (USHA) shall be used to make
the plaster smooth. Care should be taken to see that usha is not used just after
laying of the plaster when it is too soft. Neither should it be used after it has
completely hardened up. It should be used just after the plaster has
commenced to set, so that there is no mark of usha in the plaster for obtaining
a perfectly smooth surface having no undulation.
Plaster which consists of two coats, under and finish, when applied over brick
masonry, the under and finish coats shall be applied with an interval to permit
the undercoat to set.
Plaster shall be kept moist by watering and protected from weather for at least
10 days immediately following completion.
If any cracks appear in the plaster or any part sounds hollow when tapped or is
found to be soft or otherwise defective after the plaster has dried, it will be
considered as defective and the defect shall be made good by cutting out and
re-plastering at the Contractor's own cost.
The work shall be measured in square meter (sq.m) of actually plastered

surface.
Payment shall be made for the amount of completed and accepted work
measured as provided above at the contract unit price per square meter of
plaster which price shall constitute full compensation for furnishing all
materials, mixing of mortar, plastering surface to be plastered, watering and
protecting the plaster after completion, provision, erection and removal of
scaffoldings and as well as incidentals necessary to complete the work
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3.22 PLASTER ON R.C.C SURFACES
3.22.1 Description
This item shall consist of providing 6mm to 12mm thick 1:4 cement-sand
plaster on all R.C.C members in accordance with this Specification.
3.22.2 Materials
Materials shall be same as section 3.20 3.21.
When a flat smooth concrete surface such as ceiling, column or beam shall be
plastered, the surface shall be roughened beforehand by picking thoroughly
with a suitable sharp picking tool and then watered. Plaster shall consist of 1
part cement and 4 parts sand and have thickness of 6mm and shall be applied
in a single coat, where plaster on concrete surface is required 12mm thick, it
shall consist of two coats, under and finish. The under coat shall consist of a
grout application and shall have minimum thickness of 6mm and shall be
levelled with straight edge and scratched for key. The finish coat shall be
trowelled over with care and levelled with straight edge to obtain a flat smooth
surface. The under and finish coats shall be applied with an interval to permit
the under coat to set. All edges and corners unless otherwise shown on the
plans, shall be rounded or chamfered as directed by the Engineer. All
mouldings shall be neat, clean and true to template. The use of ‘Usha’ in the
ceiling plaster is very important as the plaster on the concrete can be made
smooth and even. Lack of attention on this point can lead to a poor finish on
surfaces like ceilings which will not be acceptable
The work shall be measured in square meter (sq.m) of actually plastered

surface.
measured as provided above at the contract unit price per square meter (sq.m)
of plaster which price shall constitute full compensation for furnishing all
materials, mixing of mortar, plastering surface to be plastered, watering and
protecting the plaster after completion, provision, erection and removal of
scaffoldings as well as incidentals necessary to complete the work according
to the applicable plans
3.23 PLASTER WITH NEAT CEMENT FINISHING
3.23.1 Description
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This item shall consist of providing plaster with neat cement finishing to walls
cement-sand plaster (1:4) of 12mm thick on walls or where necessary in
accordance with these specifications.
3.23.2 Materials
Materials shall meet requirement as stated in section 3.20 3.21.
Wall plaster, if any, shall be removed along the floor to the required height
and the surface shall be thoroughly scrubbed and wetted before applying the
underbid. The second undercoat shall have a nominal thickness of 6mm and
the total built-up thickness will be same as that of the plaster on the wall.
A 3mm deep and 3mm wide groove shall be formed where skirting/dado
meets wall plaster.
The skirting/dado shall be installed flush with the finished wall surface. The
intersection with the floor shall be a right angle and the top of the skirting/
Dado shall be straight and sharp.
The first under coat shall be laid as uniformly as possible and allowed to
become firm before scratching for key and subsequently allowed to become
thoroughly dry before applying the second undercoat. A neat cement paste
3mm thick shall be spread evenly over the second coat and shall be steel
trowelled under firm pressure to produce a dense uniform smooth surface free
from trowel marks.
The work shall be cured and protected from weather for at least 10 days
immediately following the installation.
The work shall be measured in square meter of actually plastered surface.
measured as provided above at the contract unit price per square meter of
plaster which price shall constitute full compensation for furnishing all
materials, mixing of mortar, plastering surface to be plastered, grooving,
watering and protecting the plaster after completion, provision, erection and
removal of scaffoldings as well as incidentals necessary to complete the work
3.24 DRIP COURSE
3.24.1 Description
The work covered by this item shall consist of providing drip course or nosing
74
or throating at the edge of sunshade or cornice with cement mortar (1:2)

including scaffolding, curing at least for 7 days etc. all complete in all floors
as per drawing and direction of the Engineer.
3.24.2 Materials
Materials shall meet requirement as stated in section 3.20 3.21.
Measurement shall be on running meter (rm) for completed and acceptable

works.
Payment shall be given as per unit contract price as mentioned in the bill of
quantities. This payment will constitute full compensation for labour,
materials, equipment, etc. and incidental charges necessary to complete the
work.
3.25 PATENT STONE FLOORING
3.25.1 Description
The work covered by this item shall consist of providing artificial patent stone
flooring of a thickness of 38mm with cement concrete in proportion 1 part
cement, 2 part sand (50% local sand of FM 1.2 minimum and 50% Sylhet sand
of FM 2.2 minimum) and 4 parts 12mm down well graded stone chips, and
finishing the top with neat cement where indicated by the Engineer.
3.25.2 Materials
Cement: Cement shall be Portland Composite Cement (CEM-II/A) in

accordance with section 2.1.
Fine aggregate: Sand shall be 50% local sand of FM 1.2 and 50% Sylhet sand
of FM 2.2 in accordance with section 2.4.1.
Coarse aggregate: Coarse aggregate shall be 12mm down well graded stone
chips as per section 2.4.2.
Before proceeding with the work a sample panel of flooring shall be prepared
for approval by the Engineer.
The sub-floor over which the artificial stone flooring will be laid shall be
thoroughly picked and washed clean of, dust, dirt and other foreign materials.
Following the preparatory work, the sub-floor shall be thoroughly wetted with
75
clean water by ponding at least overnight prior to the application of the

flooring. All excess water shall be removed ahead of the application of the
bonding slurry, so that the concrete surface is uniformly damp but not
glistening wet.
A creamy bonding slurry of cement shall be applied and well scrubbed into the
surface with stiff bristle brushes. In general not over 10m2 shall be coated with
slurry at one time in order to maintain a ‘live glue’ for bonding. Excess or
dead slurry shall be constantly removed from the base by broom.
Before laying the concrete mix, temporary dividers shall be installed to pour
concrete in ‘chequered board’ plan. The temporary dividers may be of metal
strips or wooden battens of true line and shape. The top of the dividers shall be
perfectly level with the level of the finished floor desired.
Concrete mix shall be applied promptly in specified thickness after slurring

before the slurry has hardened or dried. The method of measuring and mixing
cement, sand and stone chips shall be as per specification 3.10. The mixture
shall be spread evenly between the battens. It shall be brought to an even
grade by means of a strike board, then beaten and prodded with wooden pattas
to thoroughly consolidate it until the mortar comes to the surface and
smoothened off with a wood float so as to give a surface free from depressions
or irregularities. If any depression has to be filled a small quantity of the finer
materials in the proportions specified may be used but this should be avoided
as far as possible. The Engineer will designate some areas as rough finish
areas, and the Contractor will texture the floor during this work.
For smooth finish areas, Minimum 1.5mm thick, neat cement finishing shall
be done using cement powder strained through fine cloth and paste of cement
shall be rubbed in the surface with the help of small steel trowels working on
the surface carefully and repeatedly using at least 4 passes over the entire area
till the neat cement finish is very smooth, polished, plane and hard.
The sequence of filling in the panels shall be on “chequered board” plan. The
casting of the complementary sets shall be done at least 48 hours after the first
set is cast and dividers removed. Joints would be marked with 2mm dia ropes
to allow cracks, if any, to form along straight line and providing neat
appearance.
The top shall be moist, cured for at least 7 days by banding with a cement sand
lean mortar band and not with mud. The flooring shall not be subjected to
moderate use before 14 days and to severe use before 28 days.
Measurement for payment shall be made in square meter (sq.m) of visible

finished floor surface, additions being made for thresholds and deduction for
columns or other constructions and openings in the floor.
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The amount of complete and accepted work measured as provided above shall
be paid for at the contract unit price per square meter which payment shall
constitute full compensation for furnishing all materials, equipment and
labour, including transport, storage and handling of all materials, batching,
mixing, pouring, rolling and curing of concrete as well as all incidentals
necessary to complete the work according to applicable plans.
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3.26 GLAZED CERAMIC WALL TILES
3.26.1 Description
The work covered under this item shall consist of supplying and fixing glazed
ceramic tiles on walls on a cement-sand mortar in accordance with the
applicable plans, schedules and these specifications.
3.26.2 Materials
Glazed tiles shall be local made as per section 2.3 of Material Specification.
Mortar for installation shall consist of 1 part cement to 3 parts sand (FM 1.2)
for wall and 1:2 for floors.
Grout for tile joints shall be made of white cement coloured as and where
specified with inert pigments.
Preparation of wall surface and application of mortar bed shall comply with
the provisions of section 3.20 3.21. If the surface needs levelling a scratch coat
of plaster shall be applied, levelled and scratched for key and allowed to dry
for 12 hours before installing tiles. The setting mortar shall be applied evenly
and a neat-cement paste to a thickness of about 1.5mm shall be trowelled to
the back of tile and the tile set on firmly tapped into place to ensure full
contact. The joints shall be in specified pattern and shall not exceed 1.5mm in
width.
For walls, top of the glazed tiles shall be in the same line with full tile at the
top. No cut piece tiles shall be laid at the top. For maintaining levels in the
bathrooms, a slope is provided towards outlets of water, as such bottom lines
of the four walls shall be at different levels. First a line shall be drawn on the
four walls of the bathroom near the bottom in such a way that the height of the
tiles up to which the tiles shall be laid shall be a multiple of the height of the
approved tiles so that no cut piece tiles is required to be laid above this
selected bottom line. Area below the selected bottom line shall be fitted with
cut price tiles of different heights according to the slope of the floor. It must be
remembered that floor tiles shall be laid only after laying the wall tiles.
If there is a false ceiling in the bathroom or other rooms, where tiles are to be
fitted up to the bottom of the false ceiling then the ceiling plaster of the false
ceiling shall be done after laying the wall tiles to maintain perfect horizontal
line between the junction of top level of the tiles and the plastered bottom of
the false ceiling.
The mortar bed shall be minimum 6mm thick and shall be cut through
horizontally and vertically every 400mm to 600mm. The tiles shall be soaked
in water for at least 6 hours before setting. Installation shall be controlled by
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strings, pegs, spacers, levels or other suitable methods to ensure correct layout
and uniform levelled joints. The joints shall be grouted, cleaned and damp-
cured for at least 7 days.
Measurement for payment shall be made in square meter (sqm) of finished

tiled surface. No allowance will be made for cutting.

shall be made on the contract unit price per square meter which payment shall
constitute full compensation for furnishing all materials, equipment and labour
including storage, handling and transport of materials, cleaning, preparing and
laying bed and cutting, fixing, grouting and curing tiles as well as all
incidentals necessary to complete the work. Payment shall include cost of tile
bed.
3.27 NON SLIP/ HOMOGENOUS FLOOR TILES
3.27.1 Description
The work covered by the item shall consist of providing tiles in floors.
3.27.2 Materials
Non-slip/Homogenous floor tiles of local made shall be of approved brand and

type as approved by the Engineer. The bedding mortar shall be 1:4 cement
sand mortars.
The Non slip/Homogenous tiles shall be smooth, water proof, dust pressed
with square edges and size of the tiles shall be 300mm x 300mm or other
approved size. No border edging or rounding pieces will be used. Length of
each size of floor/ wall shall be filled by the tiles completely. The cut sizes if
used at the ends shall be equal in size and as close to full size as possible by
making either the edge or the centre of tile to coincide with the vertical centre
line of floor/ wall.
The wall/ floor on which the tile shall be applied shall be kept moistened for 2
hours. The bedding mortar in 1:4 using medium sand (FM 1.2) shall be
applied. The joints in tiles shall be minimum 5mm wide, kept clean for
pointing and to be filled flush with pointing material such as white or coloured
cement mortar unless otherwise specified.
Measurement shall be made in square meter and paid at contract unit price
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mentioned in the bill of quantities inclusive of the preparation of tile under

bed.

including storage, handling and transport of materials, cleaning, preparing and
laying bed and cutting, fixing, grouting and curing tiles as well as all
incidentals necessary to complete the work. Payment shall include cost of tile
bed.
3.28 WATER PROOFING POLYTHENE SHEET
3.28.1 Description
The work covered under this item shall consist of supplying and laying of a
single layer heavy duty polythene sheet, weighing one kilogram per 6.5 square
meters over brick flat soling in floor of buildings and where needed in
accordance with the applicable plans, schedules and direction of the Engineer.
The sheets shall be laid within the building covering the entire inside floor
area. Before laying the sheets the brick surface shall be cleaned with a duster
to give the surface a free of extraneous particles. The sheets shall be free of
damage, tear or other imperfection and shall be laid such that there is a
minimum of 250mm overlap between adjacent strips. The second layer shall
be laid over the first in the same direction but with a stagger of half the strip
width.
Measurement for payment shall be made in square meter of area covered by

the sheet. No allowance will be made for overlaps.

including storage, handling and transport of materials, cleaning, preparing,
cutting, laying, fixing as well as all incidentals necessary to complete the
work.
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3.29 SCREEDING ON ROOF
3.29.1 Description
The work covered under this item shall consist of constructing roof top cement
concrete screed with concrete (1:1.5:3) of average 85 mm thick (mini. 50 and
maxi. 120 mm) for Killa and 95 mm thick (mini. 50 and maxi. 150 mm) for
Stilt in two operations with cement, sand, 12 mm down graded stone chips and
wire mesh in specified panels in accordance with these Specifications.
Finishing the top surface of screed with 12 mm thick cement, lime and sand
plaster upto the satisfaction of the Engineer or as directed by the Engineer.
3.28.2 Materials
Cement: Cement shall be in accordance with section 2.1.
Fine aggregate: Fine aggregate shall be coarse sand of FM 2.2 in accordance

with section 2.4.1.
Coarse aggregate: Coarse aggregate shall be 12 mm down well graded stone

chips as per section 2.4.2.
Concrete shall be proportion of 1 part cement, 1.5 part sand (FM 2.2) and 3
parts of 12 mm down well graded crushed stone chips.
Plastering shall be mixture of cement, lime and sand. 50% of cement and 50%
of lime shall act as binding material and proportion of Cement + Lime : Sand
(1:3.5). Lime should be in powdered form from lime stone passing through #
200 sieves.
Wire mesh shall be made of 14 BWG galvanised wire of approved quality.
Screeding of average 85 mm thick (mini. 50 and maxi. 120 mm) for Killa and
95 mm thick (mini. 50 and maxi. 150 mm) for Stilt shall be cast in blocks of
2.5 m x 2.5 m to 4 m x 4 m having clear gaps of 6mm between the blocks. The
concrete laying shall be done in two operations. At first average 60mm thick
concrete for killa and 70 mm thick concrete for stilt to be laid in slope and
then wire mesh made of 14 BWG wires having 100 mm x 100 mm sizes or
approved sizes is to cut to the size of the block and lay on the concrete. Then
another layer of 25 mm concrete is to be cast on the top of the wire mesh and
finished with 12 mm thick plaster (cement lime sand). The 6mm gap between
the blocks shall be filled up by hot bitumen and sand. The same process shall
be repeated vertically at least 250mm with the parapet wall including corners
of parapet- roof. Again the corners between parapet and concrete should be
sealed with bitumen mastic. The work should be done strictly by engaging
expert masons and as per direction of the Engineer.
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Measurement shall be given in cubic meter for completed work of concrete

including wire mesh and in square meter for plastering. No separate payment
shall be made for wire mesh and bitumen mastic.
Payment shall be made as per contract unit price mentioned in the Bill of
Quantities.
3.30 METAL WORKS
3.30.1 Description
The work covered under this item shall consist of providing installing and
finishing in place steel doors & windows with grill, rolling shutters,
collapsible gate, ventilators, gates, railings or any other items, including
frames made of plain steel structural shapes, plates, angles, pipes rods, wire
mesh, steel sheet etc. where necessary in accordance with the applicable plans,
schedule and these Specifications.
Mild steel pipe shall be of specified size conforming to the requirements of

ASTM A53.
Structural steel shall conform to the requirement of ASTM A-36 and shall
include plain structural shapes and plates cut to length or fabricated.
All components of every item of work shall be accurately cut, formed, cast,
fitted, welded and finished true to form and dimensions as indicated on the
plans and drawings. Unless otherwise specified all welding shall be fillet
welding.
All steel surfaces shall receive 2 coats of hard-gloss paint of approved colour
over a coat of red oxide primer unless otherwise specified. Prior to painting,
the surface shall be cleaned of mill scale, rust, oil grease and dirt. Surface not
painted to the Engineer's satisfaction shall be repainted at Contractor's own
cost.
The works under this item shall be measured on the basis of opening area in
square meter (sq.m).
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shall be paid for at the contract unit price which payment shall constitute full
compensation for furnishing all materials including hold fasts, hardware,
glazing and gaskets, and all equipment and labour in assembly, fixing, fitting,
glazing, finishing, painting, as well as all incidentals necessary to complete the
work according to the applicable plans.
3.31 STEEL DOOR FRAME
3.31.1 Description
The work covered by this item shall consist of supplying, fitting and fixing of
door frame with 38 x 38 x 6 mm M.S. angle, fixing 6 nos. of iron clamp of
same size (with one end bifurcated) with the vertical members of the frame,
length of clams 150mm for single leaf and for double leaf, fixing the frame in
wall with cement concrete (1:2:4), mending good the damages, fixing 4 Nos.
of 100 mm size iron hinges with the vertical members of the frame all
complete including cutting, sizing, welding, fabricating, carriage from
workshop to site including local carriage, curing etc. complete for all floor, as
per drawing and direction of the Engineer.
Measurement for payment shall be in running meter of the finished doorframe.

Payment shall be made as per contract unit price of the item mentioned in the
Bill of Quantities.
3.32 STEEL DOOR SHUTTER
3.32.1 Description
The work covered by this item shall consist of supplying, fitting and fixing
steel door shutter made with 38 mm x 38 mm x 6 mm outer frame, inner
member 25 mm x 6 mm flat iron (F. I) bar, cladding with 16 BWG M. S.
sheet, hinged with 50 mm x 50 mm x 6 mm M. S. angle including fabricating,
welding, riveting etc. all complete as per drawing and direction of the
Engineer.
Measurement for payment shall be in square meter of the finished surface

area. Payment shall be made as per contract unit price of the item mentioned
in the Bill of Quantities.
3.33 STEEL GLAZED WINDOW SHUTTER
3.33.1 Description
steel glazed window shutter for all floors with frames as per design having 25
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x 25 x 5 mm angle section for frame and shutters and 50 x 25 x 5 mm T-

section used for vertical member and 25 x 5 mm F.I. bar for making box
(combining with angle) and 25 x 19 x 5 mm Tee used for glass divider etc.
including all cost of charges for welding, riveting etc. supplying all essential
fittings, like iron hinges, plate handle, pin-stopper, adjustable cleat and
clamps, fitting and fixing the frame including supplying, fitting, fixing 3mm
glass panes by pucca putty and making necessary holes in walls and R.C.C
works and necessary fitting with C.C. (1:2:4) and mending good the damages
including all cost of carriage, workshop charges, electricity, and labour for
fittings, fixing, curing etc. all complete and accepted by the Engineer. Each
shutter will be divided into four parts. Lower ¾th will be cladding with 16
BWG M.S. sheet and upper 1/4th will be 3mm glass.
Measurement for payment shall be in square meter of the finished surface area
including glass. Payment shall be made as per contract unit price of the item
mentioned in the Bill of Quantities.
3.34 STEEL WINDOW GRILL
3.34.1 Description
window grills of any design made of mild steel section (20 x 3 mm) with
outer frame of (25 x 6 mm) flat iron (F.I.) bar fabricating, welding, cost of
electricity, workshop charges, carriage, fixing with pre-placed clamps in
walls /RCC member, all necessary tools and plants etc. complete for all floors
as per drawing and direction of the Engineer.
Measurement for payment shall be in square meter of the finished surface

area. Payment shall be made as per contract unit price of the item mentioned
in the Bill of Quantities.
3.35 SYNTHETIC POLYVINYL DISTEMPERING
3.35.1 Description
The item shall consist of applying 2 (two) coat of synthetic polyvinyl

distemper of approved colour over a coat of priming on plastered wall or
ceiling surfaces where necessary in accordance with these specification. This
is exclusively for interior decoration and the distempered surface is non-
washable.
3.35.2 Materials
High quality SPD, shell lime, whiting, putty, sealer, clean water.
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3.35.3 Application Method
The surface to be distempered shall be dry, well cleaned and free from
efflorescence, dirt and stain of grease. The surface shall be given a thorough
rub down to remove all loose materials and all cracks and surface irregularities
shall be repaired with patching plaster and filler to obtain a smooth and even
surface. After the surface has been properly prepared, the wall shall be washed
over twice with a solution, made from equal proportion of whiting and best
shell lime. The mixing of distemper shall be carried out in accordance with the
instruction issued by the manufacturer of the particular brand of distemper that
is to be used.
Distemper is to be applied quickly. The brush is to be dipped and stroked cross
wise on the surface. No patchy overlaps will be allowed under any
circumstances. Distemper shall only be applied with proper distemper brushes
as supplied or recommended by the manufacturer. A sample area must be
prepared first inspected and approved by the Engineer before the full scale
work commences. The distempers shall be as applied until there is a uniform
texture.
Whatever scaffolding is necessary, it shall be free standing or of the type so as

not to damage or scratch the painted surface. Adequate precautionary
measures shall be taken so as not to damage or stain the floors or any other
work while applying distemper. Any damage, stain or spots, caused while
distempering shall be rectified and removed instantly.
Measurement for payment shall be made in square meter (sq.m) of the actually
completed surface.

shall be paid for at the contract unit price per square meter which payment
shall constitute full compensation for furnishing all materials, equipment and
labour including storage, transport, preparing, mixing and applying putty,
primer and paint and providing scaffoldings as well as all incidentals
necessary to complete the work.
3.36 PLASTIC PAINT
3.36.1 Description
The work covered under this item shall consist of applying 2 (two) coat of
plastic paint of approved colour over a coat of primer on a plastered wall or
ceiling surface where necessary in accordance with these specifications. The
painted surface shall be easily washable by soft soap and water.
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3.36.2 Materials
The plastic paint should be of standard brand and must be approved by the
Engineer. The priming consists of appropriate type as specified for the paint
by the manufacturer, and shall be applied accordingly.
The surface to be plastic painted shall be dry, well cleaned and free from
efflorescence dirt and stain of grease. The surface shall be given a through rub
down to remove all loose materials and all cracks and surface irregularities
shall be repaired with patching plaster and filler to obtain a smooth and even
surface. The mixing of plastic paint shall be carried out in accordance with the
instruction issued by the manufacturer of the particular brand of plastic paint
that is to be used. Before starting work plastic paint shall be mixed in such
way that one room can be finished with same mix. Plastic paint is to be
applied with proper brushes as supplied or recommended by the manufacturer.
A sample area must be prepared first and inspected and approved by the
Engineer before the full scale work commences. The paint work shall not be
considered as complete till a surface of perfect uniformity in colours, shade
and texture is achieved.
Measurement for payment shall be made in square meter of the actually

completed surface.

shall be paid for at the contract unit price per sq.m which payment shall
including storage, transport, preparing, mixing and applying putty, primer and
paint and providing scaffoldings as well as all incidentals necessary to
complete the work.
3.37 WEATHER COAT PAINT
3.37.1 Description
The item shall consist of applying 3 (three) coats of weather coat paint of
approved colour and Brand over a coat of priming on plastered exterior
surfaces accordance with these specifications.
3.37.2 Material
High quality material from approved manufacturer as stated in the schedule of

works. The materials shall be delivered to site in unopened original container
bearing approved manufactures label.
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Weather coat paint shall be of approved colour. The application of paint shall
strictly comply with the manufacturer's instruction. The application shall
preferably be carried out after a period of dry weather. Before application, the
surface shall be thoroughly clean and dry. The paint shall be prepared by
mixing and stirring, paint powder and water in such quantities as will produce
a mixture of the consistency of thin cream. When sufficiently mixed, the
mixture shall be strained through a clean coarse cloth. For mixing cement
paint manufacturer's instruction details shall be followed. Prime coat shall be
prepared according to the direction of the Engineer.
The surface to be cement painted shall be thoroughly cleaned of all foreign

matter by using stiff wire brush, sand papering or other approved means.
Cement paint shall be applied in 3 coats alternately laid on vertically and
horizontally on prime coat. Each coat shall be perfectly dry before the
succeeding one is laid over it. The wash shall be laid on with good hair brush
and not with brushes made of jute. Proper curing for at least 7 days is to be
done. A sample area must be prepared first and got inspected and approved by
Engineer before full scale work commences.
Measurement for payment shall be made in square meter (sq.m) of actually

completed acceptable weather coat surface.

shall be paid for at the contract unit price per square meter (sq.m) which
equipment and labour including storage, transport, preparing, mixing and
applying putty, primer and paint and providing scaffoldings as well as all
incidentals necessary to complete the work.
3.38 WATER REPELLENT COATING
3.38.1 Description
The work covered under this item shall consist of applying 3 coats of clear
silicone water repellent on exposed brick or concrete surfaces and cement
plaster on wall, ceiling and elsewhere in accordance with these Specifications.
Silicone water repellent shall consist of sodium silicate or other alkaline

silicates based clear approved product supplied in original sealed containers
bearing the manufacturer's trademark.
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The application of water repellent coat shall strictly comply with the
manufacturer's instruction. The application shall preferably be carried out
after a period of dry weather and before the application; the surface shall be
thoroughly clean and dry. A heavy coat shall be applied evenly direct from
the container by brushing the surface with a wide brush so that at least 6 mm
penetration is achieved. A second coat, applied as above, shall follow after 24
hours.
Measurement for payment shall be made in square meter of painted surface.

3.39 ENAMEL PAINT
3.39.1 Description
The work covered under this item shall consist of applying 2 (two) coat of
synthetic enamel paint of approved colour over a coat of priming on timber or
metal surface or elsewhere as per direction of the Engineer.
3.39.2 Materials
a) High quality synthetic enamel paint of approved brand.
b) Sand paper
c) Putty made of 2 parts of whiting, one part of white lead mixed together
in linseed oil kneaded with wooden mallets until thoroughly
incorporated. After kneading it in left for 12 hours when it is kneaded
again to give smooth workable paste. Desired pigment may be added if
coloured putty is needed.
d) Thinner: Spirit of turpentine is the most commonly used thinner. It is

inflammable and evaporates rapidly. Use of thinner in excess in paint
reduces the protection value of coating, flattens the colour and lessens
the gloss of the linseed. At the most 5 to 8 percent thinner may be used.
When shaken vigorously, it should not froth, on evaporation it should not
leave any residue and paper coated with turpentine and left to dry should
remain unstained. Thinner shall be used of the same Brand as of the
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Brand of paint.
3.39.3 Surface Preparation
The surfaces to be painted shall be properly prepared. Wood work shall not be
painted unless it is absolutely dry. Knots and holes, if any, shall be filled using
filler made with a mixture of red lead and glue in equal quantities called
knotting. Dry wood work shall be brought to a smooth and even surface by
rubbing it with sand paper of different grades from coarser to finer ones.
For iron and steel work, a perfectly clean and even surface is to be prepared.
All grease, oil, mill scale and rust must be removed by iron brushing and us of
a degreaser such as mineral turpentine oil.
Special attention shall be given to the cleaning of corners, re-entrant angles,

weld spatters.
Iron and steel work must be thoroughly dry before being painted.
The timber surface shall be painted with two coats of synthetic enamel ready
mixed paint of best quality and approved colour over a coat of priming. The
paint shall be applied on appropriate primer after the surface has been finished
with filler/putty, etc. No work shall be done under conditions which are
unsuitable for the production of good result. No exterior painting shall be done
in rainy, damp weather.
After the wood surface is prepared, the paint shall be applied with brush and
spread as evenly and smoothly as possible. As soon as the whole or a
convenient area is covered, the brush shall be passed over the paint in one
direction contrary to that in which it is finally to be laid off, which is known as
crossing. After crossing, it should be laid off softly, carefully in a direction
contrary to the crossing but along the, grain of wood taking care that none of
the brush marks are left visible. All natural finished wood work, painted wood
work and painted metal shall be slightly sand papered between coats using
zero paper.
All steel surfaces shall receive 2 coats of hard-gloss paint of approved colour
over a coat of anticorrosive paint. The surfaces must be dry, so the correct
timing of application of primer coat is a very important factor where humidity
is high or dew settles on surfaces in the evening or at night. The enamel paint
should be of standard brand approved by the Engineer.
Manufacturer’s instructions for application of paint must be followed. The

colour of the paint should be according to the direction of the Engineer.
A sample area must be prepared first and inspected and approved by the
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Engineer before the full scale work commences.
The paint must not be allowed to settle in the cans and should be thoroughly
mixed.
After completion of painting work, the contractor shall remove any paint spots
and stains caused by this work on floor, walls, glass, hardware, equipment and
other surfaces leaving these surfaces in perfect condition.
Measurement for payment shall be made in square meter (sq.m) of actually

completed acceptable painted surface.

3.40 SURFACE DRAIN
3.40.1 Description
The item shall consist of constructing 300 mm clear width and depth from
300mm to 600mm brick masonry surface drain with 250mm thick check wall
in accordance with these specifications and drawings.
3.40.2 Materials
Bricks, cement, sand and all other materials shall conform to the requirement
of respective materials specified in the relevant sections of materials
specifications.
The surface drain shall be constructed in true line and level as per drawing and
direction of the Engineer’s Representative.
450mm (average) deep drains shall have 300mm clear width with 250mm
thick brick wall (1:4) on 75mm thick cement concrete (Class V) of section
3.10.5) base over single layer brick flat soling. The exposed surface will have
20mm thick cement plaster (1:4) with neat cement finishing and curing at least
for 7 days.
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Measurements for payment shall be made in linear running meter.

shall be paid for at the contract unit price which payment shall constitute full
compensation for furnishing all materials required for excavation, C.C, B.F.S,
plaster and N.C.F and all equipment and labour as well as all incidentals
necessary to complete the works according to the applicable plans.
3.41 NOTICE BOARD
3.41.1 Description
The work covered by this item shall consist of supplying, fitting and fixing of
box type notice board of size 1000 mm x 650 mm x 150 mm, made of well-
seasoned Garjan wood having 25 mm thick plank at back and sides, operable
door of 75 mm x 25 mm frame fitted with net of expanded metal and fixed
with 3 nos. of 50 mm long iron hinges and having locking arrangement, the
notice board shall be thoroughly painted from both inside and out-side with 2
coat of synthetic enamel paint of approved colour over a coat of priming etc.
all complete as per direction of the Engineer.
Measurement for payment shall be made for each box as per contract unit
price of the item mentioned in the Bill of Quantities.
3.42 BLACK BOARD
3.42.1 Description
The work covered by this item shall consist of making of black-board of size
1850 mm x 1200 mm by plastering on brick wall surface of minimum 12 mm
thick cement plaster (1:4) with neat cement finishing where cement shall be
mixed with black oxide, the black-board shall have a border of size 40 mm x
25 mm on all sides with fillet at inner side, finishing the corners and edges
including cleaning the surface and curing of 10 days etc. all complete as per
direction of the Engineer. (F. M. of sand should be minimum 1.2).
Measurement for payment shall be made for each black board as per contract
unit price of the item mentioned in the Bill of Quantities.
3.43 SIGN BOARD FOR SCHOOL
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3.43.1 Description
The work covered by this item shall consist of making of sign board of size
1800 mm x 1000 mm containing name of school and related information as
provided by the Engineer written in Bengali embossed on plaster surface of 10
mm thick of cement plaster (1:4) on concrete parapet wall or at any other place
as directed, the sign board shall have a border of size 75 mm x 25 mm on all
sides with fillet at inner side, finishing the corners and edges including
cleaning the surface, scaffolding and curing for 10 days etc. and finally
painting the board of with 2 coats of synthetic enamel paint over a coat of
priming all complete as per direction of the Engineer. (Rate shall include cost
of plastering, writing and painting all complete. (F. M of sand should be
minimum 1.2).
Measurement for payment shall be made for each sign board as per contract
unit price of the item mentioned in the Bill of Quantities.
3.44 PROVISION AND MAINTENANCE OF TEMPORARY SCHOOL
3.44.1 Description
The work covered by this item shall consist of constructing and maintaining
temporary school during construction period.
The temporary shed shall be of size 15mx 5m with average height of 2.6m. It
will have 4 rooms including Toilet facilities if needed, with partitions, walls
and roof made of C.I sheet (0.45mm thick).
The shed shall have supports made of timber piles (sal bullah pillars), average
diameter 125mm, spaced approximately 3.75m c/c in long walls, and 2.5m c/c
in shorts walls. Roof shall be supported by necessary rafters and purlins made
of local wood. Plinth height shall be minimum 150mm from existing ground
or formation level (the contractor is to include for preparation and compaction
of the formation under the footprint) with single brick flat soling floor with
joints finished with mortar (one part of cement and four parts of sand).
There shall be a minimum of 4-doors of size 0.9mx2m and 8-windows of size

0.9mx1.22m with wooden frame and shutter made of local wood with
necessary painting. After completion of this temporary school it will be
handed over to the School Management Committee to operate and maintain.
Measurement for payment shall be made in sq.m as per contract unit price as
mentioned in the Bill of Quantities.
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3.45 SLOPE PROTECTION WORK WITH RCC PLATE PALISADING
3.45.1 Description
This work shall consist of providing slope protection by palisading with two
layer precast R.C.C plate (1100 mm x 600 mm x 100 mm) fitted with precast
R.C.C pile/post of 200 mm x 200 mm, 3300 4000 mm long, and 900 mm c/c
to be driven 2/3rd of the total length in accordance with these specifications
and in conformity with the requirements shown on the drawing. The work
shall be done as per drawing and direction of the Engineer.
3.45.2 Materials and Construction Requirements
The concrete shall be Class I of section 3.10.5 for both precast pile/post and
plate.
Materials and manufacturing details for precast pile/post shall be in
accordance with section 3.13.2 3.14.2 of this specification.
Construction requirements for plates shall be in accordance section 3.10.2 of
this specifications excepting that the concreting along with reinforcement shall
be done on properly leveled flat surface so that both the faces of the plate give
a smooth, uniform surface with no undulation and blemish. Top surface shall
be trowel finished to give it a decent look.
3.45.3 Reinforcement
Reinforcement shall be in accordance with the provisions set out in

specifications section 3.10 3.11 and as shown on the Drawings.
3.45.4 Driving and Fixing Arrangement
Pre-cast RCC post shall be driven manually with minimum 130 kg hammer
having maximum height of fall 1.30 m. 2/3rd of the total length of the post
shall be driven to the ground. Pre-cast plate shall be fitted to RCC pile/post,
with necessary nuts and bolts, fittings, fixtures etc. inclusive of all plant,
labour and materials to meet the requirements of the specifications, drawings
and as per direction of the Engineer.
The unit of measurement shall be running metre (rm) of fitted two layers RCC
pre-cast plate with post and accepted by the Engineer which shall be inclusive
of all materials, plant and labour to meet the requirements of the specification
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The work shall be measured as provided above shall be paid for at the contract
unit rate per running metre (rm) of pre-cast plate fixed with RCC post. The
rate shall constitute full compensation for all materials including
reinforcement, nut & bolts, shutter etc., labourers, tools, equipment, driving,
fitting, fixing and all related tools, hammers & other incidentals necessary to
complete the work. No separate payment shall be made for reinforcement.
3.46 DAMP-PROOF COURSE (DPC)
3.46.1 Description
The work covered by this item shall consist of constructing, on top of

foundation walls or elsewhere, 75mm thick damp proof course with Concrete
Class I and finished with a coat of bitumen as per instruction of the Engineer.
3.46.2 Materials
Coarse aggregate shall consist of crushed stone chips graded from 12mm to
6mm; fine aggregate shall be Sylhet sand of FM. 2.2 minimum. Cement shall
be Ordinary Portland Cement as per section 2.1 and water shall be potable
water.
The surface over which the DPC is to be laid shall be thoroughly scrapped to
remove mud, dirt etc. and washed clean with clean water and allowed to dry.
Shuttering shall be done on both sides of the wall where DPC is laid over
walls. The shuttering shall be strong and so fixed that it does not give in or
gets disturbed during compaction and the concrete slurry does not leak out.
The concrete prepared by mixing the ingredients shall be laid and tempered
thoroughly to make a dense mass.
The top surface of DPC in walls shall be in the same level of floor finish and
shall not be carried across the doorways or other openings. The upper layer of
cement concrete floors shall be continued over such openings and shall be laid
at the same time as floor.
The base of the DPC shall be even.
Damp-proof course shall extend the full width of the plinth walls unless
otherwise required by the plans and shall be laid only after the levels of the
plinth have been checked.
The concrete of Class I shall be cast and shall be cured for at least 5 (five)
days after placement and shall then be allowed to dry for 24 hours before
applying bitumen. The bitumen shall be heated to between 350-375o F and
applied on the concrete in two layers in an even coat using 160 kg of bitumen
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per 100sqm of the damp-proof course. The bitumen shall be of grade 80-100
penetration.
Damp-proof course shall be measured by square meter in place.


shall be paid for at the contract unit price of sqm which payment shall
constitute full compensation for furnishing all materials, labours, tools and
equipment in mixing, placing and curing concrete, application of bituminous
coats and sand blinding and for all incidentals.
3.47 PALISADING WORKS
3.47.1 Description
This item shall consist of constructing palisading works to protect the earth
sliding by the side of low lands as provided in this specification and as per
direction of the Engineer.
Palisading work by supplying bitumen drum sheet or similar walling tied with
20 gauge G.I wire fixing the same with already driven wooden post 150 mm
dia. average excluding buckle of required length @ 400mm C/C and minimum
1500 mm below G.L. with half split barrack wooden runner @ 450mm C/C
horizontally with iron nails, G.I wire etc. all complete as per plan and direction
of the Engineer.
Measurement for payment shall be made separately for driven wooden post in
running meter (rm) and in square meter (sq.m) for drum sheet finished.

shall be paid separately for driving wooden post at the contract unit price per
running meter (rm) and per square meter (sq.m) for drum sheet which
equipment & labour including transport, handling and storage of all materials
driving wooden posts fixing runners and drums as well as all incidentals and
labours necessary to complete the work according to applicable plans.
3.48 BRICK PAVEMENT OVER 75MM PLAIN CEMENT CONCRETE
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3.48.1 Description
The work covered by this item shall consist of providing brick pavement using
first class brick as per design shown in the architectural drawing.
The brick pavement shall be laid on 75mm thick plain cement concrete placed
between brick-on-edge on two sides over compacted sand below and the joints
shall be filled up with sand – cement mortar.
Cement concrete shall be Class V as per section 3.10.5
3.48.2 Materials
Cement shall be as per section 2.1, coarse aggregate shall be 20mm down well
graded picked jhama chips and sand shall be of F.M. 1.2.
Brick shall be sorted unbroken edged first class bricks as specified in section
2.2.
3.48.3 Method of Construction
The contractor will prepare the ground, make necessary slope for drainage and
compact the ground with mechanical compacter. 75mm cement concrete shall
be laid as per section 3.8 of this specification between two guard wall of brick-
on-edge as per architectural drawings.
The cement mortar for preparation of bed for laying bricks and making joints
between bricks shall consist of one part of cement and four parts of sand. The
thickness of joints between bricks shall not be more than 6mm.
Before commencement of work, the bed shall be made level or set at any other
suitable grade. No wearing course shall be laid over the brick pavement.
After preparation of cement concrete bed and curing it for 7 days, bricks shall
be laid as per architectural drawing on a bed of mortar, keeping a gap of 6mm
between the bricks. The joints between the bricks shall then be solidly filled to
the full depth by sand cement mortar. During brick laying, the joints to the
exposed surface shall be carefully racked to a depth of 10mm. Pointing shall
follow after the masonry has been cured for 7 days. After 7 days, masonry
surfaces and joints shall then be thoroughly scrubbed and cleaned with clear
water. When the brick surface is dry, pointing mortar with a cement sand ratio
of 1:2 shall be applied with small steel trowel to fill the joints. Care shall be
taken that the mortar does not spread over the edges of brick. The mortar shall
be compacted by pressing the trowel hard against the joint and finished by
drawing the trowel with a steady firm tangential motion over the surface. The
surface of the finished mortar shall be flush with brick surface.
The pointing shall be cured for 7 days. After completion of work, the top
surface shall be carefully cleaned of any spare or loose mortar or any other
stain.
As a precaution, green works shall be fenced properly, so that humans and
cattle do not tread on it and damage the work.
96
No mud band shall be used for curing the work to avoid stain on the brick.
Brick pavement will be measured by square meter (sq.m) in plan which shall
include brick-on-edge on two sides of brick pavement. C.C. work shall be
measured in cubic meter (cum) complete in place.

The amount of completed and accepted work will be paid for the contract price
as per section 3.54.4. The price shall include all materials including C.C. bed,
brick-on-edge, drainage preparation, transporting, placing and all other
labours, tools, necessary incidental expenses to complete the work.
97

Chapter 3. Specification For Civil Works Issue - Final - 1 - R

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Chapter 3. Specification For Civil Works Issue - Final - 1 - R

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Volume 3 of 5 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

SECTION VI January 2012

SPECIFICATION FOR CIVIL WORKS

3.1 PREPARATION OF SITE...............................................................................................1

3.5.3 Method of Measurement..........................................................................................10

3.10.15 Embedded Pipes and Conduits............................................................................23

3.14.1.14 Driving Procedure and Redrive Checks..........................................................48

3.15.2 Reaction Systems.....................................................................................................57

3.17 BRICK WORK 250 mm THICK AND ABOVE...........................................................65

3.24 DRIP COURSE..............................................................................................................74

3.25 PATENT STONE FLOORING......................................................................................75

3.40.3 Construction Requirement.......................................................................................90

The Contractor is obliged to liaise with the Local School Management

3.1 PREPARATION OF SITE

3.1.2 Construction Requirements

3.1.3 Basis of Payment

3.2 DISMANTLING AND REMOVAL OF EXISTING STRUCTURES

3.2.2 Construction Requirement

The salvaged materials before or after dismantling shall be immediately

3.2.3 Method of Measurements

3.2.4 Basis of Payment

3.3 EARTH WORK IN EXCAVATION

3.3.2 Construction Requirements

3.3.2.1 Layout of Construction Work

3.3.2.2 Method of Excavation

Excavation shall be sufficiently large to provide for necessary working space,

At the discretion of the Contractor, cement grouting or other methods

The Contractor shall take all precautions in diverting channels and in

3.3.2.4 Safety of Adjacent Properties and Public

The Contractor shall be responsible for the preservation of properties along

3.3.2.5 Disposal of Excavated Materials

3.3.3 Method of Measurement

3.3.4 Basis of Payment

3.4 DE-WATERING SYSTEM

3.4.2 Types of de-watering system

 De-watering by Sub-surface Water Control System

3.4.3 Contractor’s responsibilities

 The design of the de-watering system including the collection of the

The Contractor shall provide continuous supervision of the system by the

The control methods adopted by the Contractor shall be subject to the

3.4.4 Site information

3.4.5 De-watering by sub-surface water control system

De-watering by Sub-surface Water Control System is defined as controlling

Works to be performed under this Section include furnishing, installing,

3.4.5.2 Precautionary measures

excavation or the structure, back-filling may be ordered by the Engineer as a

If it becomes necessary for any reason to stop the sub-surface de-watering

The sub-surface De-watering System shall be operated 24 hours of a day on

3.4.5.4 Monitoring wells

The de-watering system shall be removed when the construction has

Evacuation of surface water is defined as draining out surface water by use of

Work to be performed under this Sub-section include furnishing, installing,

The Surface De-watering System shall be removed upon obtaining written

Item of payment Unit

No. of Sites – LS Rate per Site

3.5 EARTH FILLING

3.5.2 Construction Requirements

The fill materials shall be deposited and spread in successive uniform

No backfill shall be placed against any structure without prior permission of

3.5.3 Method of Measurement

3.5.4 Basis of Payment

3.6 SAND FILLING

3.6.2 Construction Requirements