Optimization of CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access) over

AODV,DSR & WRP Routing protocol

Deepak Srivastava Vibhor Sharma Dheresh Soni
deepaksrivastava@srhu.edu.in vibhorsharma@srhu.edu.in dhereshsoni@srhu.edu.in
SRHU, Dehradun SRHU, Dehradun SRHU, Dehradun

node, the sender node takes help of the adjacent nodes to

Abstract- Mobile adhoc network (MANET) is a
communicate with the destination node. Application of
infrastructure less wireless network which do not have
mobile adhoc network are Vehicular adhoc networks,
central control, and where each mobile node behave as
[1] smart phone ad hoc networks, army tactical MANET etc.
either sender or receiver . The MANETs are dynamic
the main advantage these of applications include end-to-
networks because the network topology keeps on
end communication and sharing of file, collaboration with
changing because of the mobility of the nodes. There
colleague in a conference hall, and rescue operations in
are multiple protocols that have been designed to route
military operation..
the packet in these types of networks. There are certain
mobility model is designed with some other network
parameter. To get the effective routing in a given
network, we need to choose right protocol. The
GloMoSim is used as the simulate network parameter
and three MANET protocols namely wireless routing
[1],[2] [1],[2] [1],[2]
protocol (AODV , DSR , WRP ) with MAC
layer protocol is evaluated. Our results demonstrated
the usefulness of WRP model, it gives better result, AS
AODV is out performed. On the basis of result, We
show that WRP is a better protocol for MANETs
compared to AODV and DSR. The same simulation
platform could be used to test other protocols.
Keywords- MANET, AODV, DSR, WRP, CSMA, Packet
Delivery Ratio, End to End Delay, Throughput
INTRODUCTION
Mobile Adhoc Networks are wireless networks; there are
Figure 1: MANET Communication [1]
no requirements of any infrastructure. It is infrastructure
less for transferring data packet between two or more Important point in mobile adhoc network a
mobile nodes. There mobile nodes are work as a router measuring the quality of services offered by the mobile
and they can deliver the packet to other mobile node. network to the mobile user. The objective of QoS[7] is to
Mobile Nodes are independent to move anywhere and free get a more reliable wireless network, so information
of each other due to dynamic changes in topology. It should be transferred successfully and network should be
makes moving of packet much difficult. Therefore optimal by using the maximum resource utilization.
communication between mobile nodes is one of the most Service can be set of auditable predefined service
challenging areas in this mobile adhoc network. We can requirements such as bandwidth, delay, maximum delay
see routing protocol works well in static networks but we variance (jitter), and packet loss rate. We need to minimize
are not able to see same performance in dynamic network.
delay and packet loss. To get a request of the service from
Protocol in mobile adhoc network should be more the user, mobile network need to assure that requirement
demanding so that they Mobile adhoc network can quickly of service must match with user’s requirement throughout
respond to topological changes. the whole flow.
Mobile wireless network are highly dynamic, no The data link layer sub layer protocol is medium access
need of configurations and self – creating networks of protocol that is used for data communication layer. It
multiple mobile nodes connected through wired-less allows to mobile node in the communication network to
network, In Mobile Adhoc Network fewer networks, each share the file and data using the medium access control
mobile node act like a router. Hence they, the termed mechanisms because collision is very challenging issue in
‘‘node”, ‘‘mobile host’’, and ‘‘agent’’ and can use mobile adhoc network. We can reduce the collision rate by
interchangeably. Mobile node works as middle nodes two way handshaking and four way handshaking .We use
which transfer the traffic on behalf of other mobile nodes. CSMA, MACA and MAC layer protocol with routing
If the receiver node is not in the range with the sender algorithm to reduce collision.

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Related works: There are beneficial works is done on speeds of 50 m/sec with a 100 sec pause time. Once the
CSMA, MACA and ALOHA over AODV mobile adhoc mobile node reaches its target point, then it wait for 100
network routing protocol with performance parameter like sec and then continues to next. Simulation time of
packet sent, packet delivery ratio, Packet received, End to
experiment is 500 sec.
End delay and Throughput.
Neeraj Agrawal [2][3] worked with MAC layer protocol to RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
define quality services under different type scenario like In this paper, the graphs are represented between the
varying no. of mobile node in Adhoc Networks. We have below Performance Metrics that is Packet Delivery Ratio,
studied CSMA, MACA over DSR routing protocols. The delay from sender to receiver and throughput.
work presented here mainly defined with analysis and
performance measurement of CSMA over AODV, DSR (i) Packet Delivery Ratio [3]:
and WRP Routing Protocols. The total number of data packet which has been
received at the receiver site will be divided by the total
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS number of data packets sent by sender.
Simulation Settings: The analysis was conducted using
Glomosim [11] as a simulator. Glomosim simulator gives
better result as comparison to NS2, packet tracer in case of
MANET. We created 20,30,40,50 and 60 nodes on a
1460*1460, 1790*1790, and 2582*2582 tertian areas
respectively. Among these nodes, a number of nodes have
been chosen to be measured with the mobility model that
is used as a network traffic pattern. There were nine sets of
experiments (a) PDR with various Sizes of DSR, AODV,
WRP Routing Protocol (b) Average delayfrom sender to
receiver with various Sizes of DSR, AODV, WRP Routing
Protocol (c) Throughput with Varying Network Sizes of
DSR, AODV, WRP Routing Protocol.

Table 1: Simulation Performance Metric

Performance Parameter Value

Protocol WRP, AODV, DSR

Traffic Pattern Constant Bit Rate Figure 1: Packet Delivery Ratio with Varying Network
Sizes of DSR, AODV, WRP Routing Protocol

Simulation Time 500 seconds

PDR = Total number of Packets Accepted) / Total
number Packets generated)
Total Nodes 20, 30, 40, 50,60

Node Placement Random Network performance needs a high value of Packet

Delivery Ratio. In WRP gives better result and get the
better network performance.
Min. Speed of Node 0 m/s

Max. Speed of Node 50 m/s (ii) Average End-to-End Delay [3]:

Pause Time 100 sec.
Table 1 above summarizes the simulation parameter used
in each of the analyasis. In Glomosim [11], in glomosim,
various mobility models are available. We choose Random
mobility model, that is used in this experiment paper
because it has been used in many prominent simulation to
analyse of ad-hoc network protocol. In this mobility
model, all nodes will be move from one node to another
node with minimum speeds of 0 m/sec and maximum
The average delay from source to destination refers as
time consuming for a packet to be traveled from the
sender mobile node to the receiver mobile node in a
wireless network. In other words, we see that, the average
time required for moving a packet from sender mobile host
IP network layer to the receiver mobile host IP network
layer, including transmission, propagation and queue to
queue delay. The end-to-end delay is counted in
millisecond. The delay assesses of the routing protocols is
needed, in terms of see performance of the wireless devices.
Average Delay (Source to Destination) = ∑ (Time when
Packets arrived in the Queue) - ∑ (Time when the Packets
is received by destination)

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Figure 2: Average Delay source to destination with Varying
Network Sizes of Routing Protocol
(iii) Throughput [3]:
It is maximum rate at which the data packet is
processed reliable with one host to other host in the
context of communication network is known as
throughput. In other words, we say that number of the
output that is generated in the wireless network at instance
of time is called throughput. This performance metric
show that the higher value of throughput gives better result
in case of MANET routing protocol. The throughput is
usually represented in bits per second (bits/sec). A
throughput with a higher value is more often an optimal
choice in every network.
Figure 3: Throughput with Varying Network Sizes of DSR
Routing Protocol
Three performance metrics are used for measuring the
performance of DSR, AODV and WRP Routing Protocols.
The results of this paper are showing here with the help of
a graph that represents (i) Packet Delivery Ratio (ii)
Average End- to-End Delay (iii) Throughput. It is
better way to analyze the result. Using these result, we can
conclude the routing protocol to get better result in
communication network.
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4. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE
Here we perform simulation mobile adhoc networks’
protocols on Glomosim Simulator. The performance of
network depends on three network parameters that are the
ratio of packet delivery, delay from sender to receiver and
throughtput. It measured the same network size and MAC
layer protocol. The simulation is done with CSMA over
AODV, DSR and WRP. Here we conclude as:
1. The ratio of packet delivery of the network
decreases as the number of mobile host size are
increases. CSMA gives constant PDR with
different nodes. Lower PDR as we increase the
number of mobile host. We compare our result
with the base paper routing protocol. We see the
WRP routing protocol gives the best result in
case of AODV and DSR routing protocol. In
MANET. Packet delivery ratio with high value
gives better result.
2. Average End-to-End delay higher as number of
nodes sizes are increase but after a certain
number of nodes, it again decreases as the nodes
increases. So we get here constant result on
medium size networks. CSMA gives better
(lower) delay with DSR routing protocol but we
can also accept the WRP mobile adhoc network
protocol in case of delay from source to
destination because here we get minor difference
between DSR and WRP routing protocol.
3. So, we get the result here that WRP with CSMA
MAC layer protocol is the best model for
MANET in above cases. Here we get a better
result and improve the system performance.
Future Scope:
In future enhancement may include same exercise on the
other proactive and reactive routing protocols (DSDV,
TORA, ZRP, OLSR etc), and will measure the
Throughput, Average delay from source to destination,
ratio of packet delivery, Packet Drop Ratio, and Routing
Overhead, and the same simulation for different node
mobility speed of the simulation like RWP, RPGM and
other different type of mobility models. Another future
work will be performing the exercise for various different
node maximum and minimum speeds. Future work may
also include the same simulation for other performance
metrics like Upload Response Time, Download Response
Time, and Retransmission attempts etc. This can affect the
simulation results and perhaps will get out the strength and
weakness of different routing protocols unambiguously.
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