S U B M I T T E D B Y:

ANAMIKA
RAV N E E T
SEMESTER-9TH
GARDEN CITY
PLANNING CONCEPTS
 GARDEN CITY

• Term means ‘a city in a garden ‘ or city of

gardens’.

• Definition given by by Garden cities and Town

Planning Association,1919
“a garden city is a town designed for healthy
living and industry;
Of a size that makes possible a full measure of
social life;
Surrounded by a rural belt;
The whole of the land being in public ownership
or held in trust for community”
GARDEN CITY IMPORTANT DATES
If
 ARISE OF THE PROBLEM
• London (and other cities) in the 19th century were in the throws of industrialization, and
the cities were exerting massive forces on the labour markets of the time.

• Massive immigration from the countryside to the cities was taking place with London.

• This situation was unsustainable and political commentators of all parties sought “how best
to provide the proper antidote against the greatest danger of modern existence” To
Howard the cure was simple - to reintegrate people with the countryside.
 CURE OF THE PROBLEM
THE THREE MAGNETS
• The Three Magnets Diagram (below)makes three points:
• Town life has good and bad characteristics
• Country life has good and bad characteristics
• Town-Country life can have all the good things about life in towns
and life in the country – without any of the bad things.
TOWN-COUNTRY

• combination of both aspects

• beauty of nature- peace all-over the places.
• social opportunity- cumulative growth.
• fields and parks of easy access- equal chances.
• low rents- high wages.
• low rates- plenty to do.
• low prices- no sweating.
• field for enterprise- flow of capital.
• pure air and water- good drainage.
• bright homes & gardens- no smoke, no slums.
• freedom- co-operation.
 CORE PRINCIPLES OF GARDEN CITY

1. Strong community
2. Ordered development
3. Environmental quality

FEATURES:
• open spaces and gardens around all the
dwelling houses and factories
• city owned by all citizens on a co-operative basis
• an independent entity having its own civic life
and affording all daily needs with adequate
spaces for schools and other functional
purposes.
• self sufficient unit having its own industries.
• surrounded by periphery by a green belt.
 CONCEPTUAL LAYOUT
75-80% RESERVED GREEN AREA
• Circular city growing in a radial 15-20% BUILT UP AREA
manner or pattern.

Divided into
six equal
wards, by six
main
Boulevards
that radiated
from the
central • Civic institutions (Town Hall,
park/garden. Library, Hospital, Theatre,
Museum etc. ) are placed
around the central garden.
CONCEPTUAL LAYOUT
•Distance between each ring vary
between 3- 5km .

•A 420 feet wide , 3 mile long,

Grand avenue which run in the
center of concentric rings , houses
the schools and churches and acts
as a continuous public park.

• The streets for houses are formed

by a series of concentric ringed
tree lined avenues.

•All the industries, factories and

warehouses were placed at the
peripheral ring of the city.

•The municipal railway was placed

in another ring closer to the
industrial ring , so that the
pressure of excess transport on the
city streets are reduced and the
city is connected to the rest of the
nation
• Central City:
Area: 12000 acres.
Population : 58000
people

• Agglomeration Cities:
Area: 9000 acres
Population: 32000 people
 LETCHWORTH CITY

• Letchworth is the world’s first Garden City in England,

• created as a solution to the slum and poverty of urban life in Britain in the late 19th
Century.
• Based on the ideas of Ebenezer Howard as published in his book of 1898 “Tomorrow:
• Howard’s company- Garden City Ltd began construction in 1903.
• The company appointed architects Barry Parker and Raymond Unwin to design the
master plan for the new community.
 Reasons to plan Letchworth
• London (and other cities) in the 19th
century were in the throws of
industrialization, and the cities were
exerting massive forces on the labour
markets of the time.
• Massive immigration from the countryside to the
cities was taking place with London.
• This situation was unsustainable and
political commentators of all parties sought
“how best to provide the proper antidote
against the greatest danger of modern
existence” (St. Jame’s Gazette, 1892)
• To Howard the cure was simple - to
reintegrate people with the
countryside.
 CONCEPT OF LETCHWORTH CITY
• The dwellings for all classes of people should be distributed about a large central
court in which public buildings would be located.

• The Shopping Centre to be located on the edge of the town.

• The employment facilities for all the people to be provided by starting a variety of
industries.

• The industries to be located on the outskirts of the town.

• The city should have max. population of 30 to 35 thousand people in an are of 1000
acres.

• The city should have the advantage of both rural life such as fresh air, gardens,
playfields, cottages etc. and amenities of urban life such as schools, theaters,
hospitals, recreational centers etc.

• The city should be surrounded by a permanent belt of agricultural land of 3 to 5

thousand acres.
 Industrial

Town square

Residential
and Public
spaces
RADBURN , NEW JERSEY
America’s first garden community
RADBURN’S
CONCEPT
• Seperation of vehicular and
pedestrian traffic
• Super block- large block
surrounded by main roads
• Houses grouped around small cul-
de-sacs
• Park areas
• Walkways- designed such that
pedestrians can reach social paces
without crossing automobile
street
Elements of The Radburn :
Super Block.
Specialized Highway system.
Complete separation of vehicular and
pedestrian traffic.
Park as backbone of the
neighborhood.
Turned around houses

A diagram showing the street network

structure of Radburn and its nested
hierarchy. Separate pedestrian paths
run through the green spaces between
the culs-de-sac and through the central
green spine
RADBURN’S PLANNING School

1929- Radburn created

25000 people
149 acre
430 single houses
90 row houses Apartments
54 semi attached houses
93 apartment units

Civic spaces
Shops
Plaza build
Office
church

Residential
(Single units
and row
housing)
 NEIGHBOURHOOD
• Park as backbone of the neighborhood.
• Specialized Highway system, Complete separation
of vehicular and pedestrian traffic with 21% of road
areas.
• Through the use of the superblock, houses in
Radburn were uniquely designed to have two
fronts.
• The ‘back side’ of the house, what we would
normally consider the front side, faced the culs-de-
sac and parking.
• The ‘front side’ of the house faced towards the
green spaces or parks encouraging pedestrian
traffic.

Plaza building the shoping center Parks and greenbelt

Housing Blocks
THANK YOU