The joining of ESAB and Victor

brings together five heavy hitters.

Now all the welding and cutting
solutions you need are available
from one company – ESAB.

Visit us at booths C2444, C2454, and C2466 at FABTECH 2014.

 October 2014

PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY TO ADVANCE THE SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND APPLICATION OF WELDING
AND ALLIED JOINING AND CUTTING PROCESSES WORLDWIDE, INCLUDING BRAZING, SOLDERING, AND THERMAL SPRAYING
For Info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index
For Info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index
For Info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index
October 2014 • Volume 93 • Number 10 CONTENTS
FEATURES
44 Pairing Galvanized Steel with Metal­Cored Wire
44
Selecting a metal-cored welding wire designed to
weld zinc-coated steel will help take some of the
challenges away in welding this material
A. D’Arcy

48 Changes Are Coming to Hazard Communication

Manufacturers, distributors, and users of welding
electrodes need to prepare for new recommendations
in the Globally Harmonized System of hazard
communication

52 Meeting the Demand for Welding Engineers

The history, current status, and future direction of
The Ohio State University’s welding engineering
program are profiled – D. Phillips, A. Benatar, and
J. C. Lippold

WELDING RESEARCH SUPPLEMENT

369­s Mechanical Behavior of Titanium­Clad Steel
Welded Joints
Titanium-clad steel was welded with different
interlayer materials and then tested for hardness,
ductility, and shear strength – J. E. Ramirez
388­s Learning Human Welder Movement in Pipe GTAW:
A Virtualized Welding Approach
Experiments were conducted to transfer human welding
intelligence into the control system of a robot
Y. K. Liu et al.

379­s Flux­Assisted Gas Tungsten Arc and Laser Welding
of Titanium with Cryolite­Containing Fluxes: Arc
Spectroscopy and Corrosion Resistance Studies
Autogenous welding and welding with a solid wire and
newly developed tubular wires were compared for
joining commercially pure titanium
T. AlSabti et al.
399­s Microstructural Characteristics and Mechanical
Properties of Fiber Laser Welded­Brazed Mg
Alloy­Stainless Steel Joint
The influence of heat input on the microstructure and
mechanical properties of a dissimilar joint welded with
a laser-brazing process was investigated
C. W. Tan et al.

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 3

DEPARTMENTS
6 Editorial 90 AWS Exhibit Highlights
10 Washington Watchword 168 Coming Events
12 Press Time News 170 Certification Schedule
14 International Update 172 Welding Workbook
18 News of the Industry 175 Society News
28 Business Briefs 181 Tech Topics
30 Letters to the Editor 190 Guide to AWS Services
32 Aluminum Q&A 192 Personnel
34 Brazing Q&A 197 Red Hots
36 Product & Print Spotlight 208 Logos
62 AWS Show Information 212 Classifieds
67 AWS Events at a Glance 214 Advertiser Index On the cover: Atlanta Skyline as seen from Piedmont
72 AWS Professional Program Park in Midtown. Copyright 2007, Kevin C. Rose,
AtlantaPhotos.com.

N. Saminich (Dist. 21), NS Inspection and Consulting R. Madden, Hypertherm

K. E. Shatell (Dist. 22), Pacific Gas & Electric Co. D. Marquard, IBEDA Superflash
J. F. Saenger Jr., Consultant
T. A. Siewert (At Large), NIST (ret.) S. Smith, Weld­Aid Products
J. Stoll (Dist. 18), Bohler Welding Group U.S. D. Wilson, Welldean Enterprises
H. W. Thompson (Dist. 2), UL, Inc. N. C. Cole, Ex Off., NCC Engineering
Officers R. P. Wilcox (Dist. 11), Ford Motor Co. J. N. DuPont, Ex Off., Lehigh University
President Dean R. Wilson L. G. Kvidahl, Ex Off., Northrop Grumman Ship Systems
J. A. Willard (Dist. 13), Kankakee Community College D. J. Landon, Ex Off., Vermeer Mfg.
Welldean Enterprises M. R. Wiswesser (Dist. 3), Welder Training S. P. Moran, Ex Off., Weir American Hydro
& Testing Institute E. Norman, Ex Off., Southwest Area Career Center
Vice President David J. Landon R. G. Pali, Ex Off., J. P. Nissen Co.
Vermeer Mfg. Co. N. Scotchmer, Ex Off., Huys Industries
WELDING JOURNAL R. W. Shook, Ex Off., American Welding Society
Vice President David L. McQuaid Publisher — Andrew Cullison
D. L. McQuaid and Associates, Inc.

Vice President John R. Bray Editorial

Affiliated Machinery, Inc.
Treasurer Robert G. Pali
J. P. Nissen Co.
Executive Director Ray W. Shook
American Welding Society
Directors
U. Aschemeier (Dist. 7), Miami Diver
R. E. Brenner (Dist. 10), CnD Industries, Inc.
D. J. Burgess (Dist. 8), University of Tennessee
N. C. Cole (Past President), NCC Engineering
G. Fairbanks (Dist. 9), Fairbanks Inspection &
Testing Services
T. A. Ferri (Dist. 1), Victor Technologies
K. Fogleman (Dist. 16), Consultant
P. H. Gorman (Dist. 20), Sandia National Laboratories
S. A. Harris (Dist. 4), Altec Industries
K. L. Johnson (Dist. 19), Vigor Shipyards
J. Jones (At Large), The Harris Products Group
J. Knapp (Dist. 17), Gas and Supply
T. J. Lienert (At Large), Los Alamos National Laboratory
D. E. Lynnes (Dist. 15), Lynnes Welding Training
C. Matricardi (Dist. 5), Welding Solutions, Inc.
S. P. Moran (At Large), Weir American Hydro
K. A. Phy (Dist. 6), K. A. Phy Services, Inc.
W. R. Polanin (At Large), Illinois Central College
W. A. Rice (Past President), OKI Bering
R. L. Richwine (Dist. 14), Ivy Tech State College
D. J. Roland (Dist. 12), Airgas USA, LLC,
North­Central Region
R. W. Roth (At Large), RoMan Manufacturing, Inc.
Editorial Director Andrew Cullison
Editor Mary Ruth Johnsen
Associate Editor Howard M. Woodward
Associate Editor Kristin Campbell
Editorial Asst./Peer Review Coordinator Melissa Gomez
Publisher Emeritus Jeff Weber
Design and Production
Production Manager Zaida Chavez
Senior Production Coordinator Brenda Flores
Manager of International Periodicals and
Electronic Media Carlos Guzman
Advertising
National Sales Director Rob Saltzstein Welding Journal (ISSN 0043­2296) is published monthly by the
Senior Advertising Sales Executive Sandra Jorgensen American Welding Society for $120.00 per year in the United
Senior Advertising Sales Executive Annette Delagrange States and possessions, $160 per year in foreign countries: $7.50
per single issue for domestic AWS members and $10.00 per sin­
Manager of Sales Operations Lea Paneca
Senior Advertising Production Manager Frank Wilson gle issue for nonmembers and $14.00 single issue for interna­
tional. American Welding Society is located at 8669 NW 36th St.,
# 130, Miami, FL 33166­6672; telephone (305) 443­9353. Period­
Subscriptions icals postage paid in Miami, Fla., and additional mailing offices.
Subscriptions Representative Tabetha Moore POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Welding Journal, 8669
tmoore@aws.org NW 36th St., # 130, Miami, FL 33166­6672. Canada Post: Publi­
American Welding Society cations Mail Agreement #40612608 Canada Returns to be sent
8669 NW 36 St., # 130, Miami, FL 33166­6672 to Bleuchip International, P.O. Box 25542, London, ON N6C 6B2,
(305) 443­9353 or (800) 443­9353 Canada.
Publications, Expositions, Marketing Readers of Welding Journal may make copies of articles for per­
Committee sonal, archival, educational or research purposes, and which are
not for sale or resale. Permission is granted to quote from arti­
D. L. Doench, Chair, Hobart Brothers Co. cles, provided customary acknowledgment of authors and
S. Bartholomew, Vice Chair, ESAB Welding & Cutting Prod. sources is made. Starred (*) items excluded from copyright.
J. D. Weber, Secretary, American Welding Society
D. Brown, Weiler Brush
T. Coco, Victor Technologies International
Copyright © 2014 by American Welding Society in both printed
and electronic formats. The Society is not responsible for any
C. Coffey, Lincoln Electric statement made or opinion expressed herein. Data and informa­
L. Davis, ORS Nasco tion developed by the authors of specific articles are for informa­
D. DeCorte, RoMan Mfg. tional purposes only and are not intended for use without inde­
S. Fyffe, Astaras, Inc.
D. Levin, Airgas
pendent, substantiating investigation on the part of potential
users.

4 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014

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EDITORIAL
FABTECH — A Show Like No Other
Have you ever considered where else you
might find all the products and services fea-
tured at the FABTECH show? The simple
answer is “nowhere.” Set for November
11–13 at the Georgia World Congress Cen-
ter in Atlanta, FABTECH has developed into
a truly amazing focal point for everything
about metalworking, including a welding
presence that amounts to well over a third
of the total show space. This year’s
FABTECH is the second-largest in the ten-
year period since the AWS Welding Show
Ray Shook merged with it, and the welding/cutting
Executive Director, space sold is currently 48% greater than it
American Welding was the last time it was in Atlanta, in 2010.
Society We expect some 27,000 attendees on hand
to view the products of 1400 exhibiting
companies that will occupy more than
550,000 sq ft of floor space.
In addition, there will be more than 100
educational sessions to help you make the
most of the broad array of metalworking
technology on display. AWS-sponsored ses-
sions include programs on best practices
and new commercial developments in weld-
ing and thermal spray, the Professional Pro-
gram focusing on the latest in welding
research, the RWMA Resistance Welding
School, and more. Our show partners will
offer sessions on cutting, finishing, forming
and fabricating, job shop solutions, automa-
tion and robotics, stamping, and tube and
pipe. A live demonstration area in Hall A
will include a special thermal spray demo,
the AWS U.S. Invitational Weld Trials, and a
robotic arc welding competition. FABTECH
Industry Night at the new College Football
Hall of Fame will take place Wednesday,
Nov. 12, at 5:30 p.m. Keynote speakers will
“It is abundantly include luminaries from Walmart and
clear, and particu­ Google, and ex-Pittsburgh Steelers
larly in a recover­ Superbowl Champion halfback Rocky Bleier.
What’s the reason for the unprecedented
ing economy, that success of FABTECH? The many reasons in-
face­to­face shows clude the continuing economic recovery, the
still have a great strong metal manufacturing and construc-
relevance.” tion markets in the Southeast (and
elsewhere), the wide package of exhibitors
in one show, and continually growing inter-
national interest. Although not as strong as
we would like, the economy is definitely
growing, with the number of jobs
increasing. At the same time, U.S. manufac-
turing is growing apace. It’s an ideal
6 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014
environment for both show exhibitors and
attendees, a situation that will definitely
benefit all parties involved.
The importance of product exhibitions,
generally, is not limited to the United
States. Over recent years, we have seen sig-
nificant and sustained growth in our annual
AWS Weldmex show in Mexico, held in
alliance with FABTECH Mexico and Metal-
form Mexico. We have also seen strong
interest in our FABTECH Canada exhibition
and the other shows in which we participate
in Brazil, Germany, Japan, China, India, and
many other locations. The point here is that
it is abundantly clear, and particularly in a
recovering economy, that face-to-face shows
still have a great relevance.
The continuing success of the strongest
shows, like FABTECH, is easy to
understand. It results from a combination
of creating a showplace for the latest
technology, plus an environment where po-
tential buyers can view and watch
demonstrations of the latest equipment re-
lated to their manufacturing and construc-
tion operations. Combine this with
technology-related education offerings
and you have an unbeatable, “can’t miss”
mix of everything the consumer needs to
know.
Of course, as show planners, we haven’t
accomplished all this ourselves. AWS greatly
values the skill and devotion demonstrated
by its FABTECH partners: SME, the Fabrica-
tors and Manufacturers Association, Inter-
national (FMA), the Precision Metalforming
Association (PMA), and the Chemical
Coaters Association International (CCAI).
AWS and all of its partner associations con-
tinually strive to bring a more comprehen-
sive and valuable show to both the
exhibitors and all of the attendees, who are
mutually dependent on each other to
produce a great exhibition.
Come join us this year at the FABTECH
show in Atlanta. We promise we will make it
worthwhile for you from a business
standpoint, as well as thoroughly
interesting and enjoyable. For more
information on FABTECH, please visit our
website at www.aws.org. This issue of the
Welding Journal also features a comprehen-
sive preview of FABTECH 2014. We look
forward to seeing you there. WJ
See us at FABTECH booth C1722
For Info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index
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WASHINGTON WATCHWORD
Manufacturing Universities Bill Introduced
The bipartisan Manufacturing Universities Act of 2014
has been introduced in the U.S. Senate. This legislation
would establish a program within the Commerce Depart-
ment’s National Institute of Standards and Technology
(NIST) charged with designating 25 schools as Manufactur-
ing Universities. Designated schools would receive $5 mil-
lion per year for four years to meet specific goals, including
focusing engineering programs on manufacturing, building
new partnerships with manufacturing firms, growing train-
ing opportunities, and fostering manufacturing entrepre-
neurship. The program would be overseen by the director of
NIST, in coordination with the secretaries of Defense and
Energy, and the director of the National Science Foundation,
among others. The intent is to provide incentives to better
align educational offerings with the needs of modern manu-
facturers. The incentives would be used to revamp the
universities’ engineering programs to focus on manufactur-
ing engineering and curricula specifically related to targeted
industries.
OSHA Updates Proposed Public
Recordkeeping Regulation
In late 2013, the Occupational Safety and Health Admin-
istration (OSHA) proposed to expand its annual injury and
illness reporting requirements by mandating that employers
submit their reports on workplace injuries and illnesses to
OSHA electronically. This information would then be includ-
ed in a searchable online database. This represented a signif-
icant change in the law, since presently employer-specific
data are not readily available to the public or even to em-
ployees of a particular firm. This latter approach is believed
to encourage accurate reporting of injuries and illnesses. In
fact, OSHA is now concerned that these new proposed regu-
lations may cause employers to underreport injuries and ill-
nesses due to the increased visibility.
Therefore, OSHA has now proposed to expand the pro-
posed rule by:
• requiring that employers inform their employees of
their right to report injuries and illnesses;
• requiring that any injury and illness reporting require-
ments established by the employer be reasonable and not
unduly burdensome;
• prohibiting employers from taking adverse action
against employees for reporting injuries and illnesses.
These new requirements were published in the Federal
Register on August 14.
Export Control Reform Efforts Continue
The Departments of State and Commerce have published
additional regulations to continue efforts to streamline U.S.
HUGH K. WEBSTER, AWS WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS OFFICE — Contact the AWS Washington Government Affairs Office at 1747 Pennsylvania
Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20006; e­mail hwebster@wc­b.com; FAX (202) 835­0243.
10 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014
BY HUGH K. WEBSTER
export controls on certain military items by shifting less-
sensitive equipment, parts, and components from U.S. Mu-
nitions List to the less-sensitive Commerce Control List.
These steps are part of the federal Export Control Re-
form Initiative which is designed to enhance competitive-
ness by overhauling the Cold War-era system of regulations
designed in part to update Cold War-era regulation of ex-
ports of controlled technologies. With these latest regula-
tions, 15 of the 21 categories on the Munitions List have
been successfully revised under the initiative. Work contin-
ues on the remaining categories and other efforts to mod-
ernize and harmonize the export control regulations.
Bill Introduced to Enhance Buy America
Policy in Infrastructure Projects
The Invest in American Jobs Act, introduced in the U.S.
Senate, is intended to improve Buy America preferences for
federal infrastructure programs. Specifically, this legislation
would
• improve Buy America preferences for federal highway,
public transportation, rail grants, rail loans, Amtrak, and
the Federal Aviation Administration to maximize the use of
domestic steel, iron, and manufactured goods in infrastruc-
ture projects;
• prevent segmentation of projects to circumvent Buy
America standards;
• apply enhanced provisions to projects sponsored by se-
lect agencies, including Department of Transportation, the
Economic Development Administration, and the Federal
Emergency Management Agency.
Available Federal R&D Data Expanded
A federal government website providing access to govern-
ment information, www.data.gov, has been expanded to in-
clude data on more than 700 Federal R&D facilities that may
be utilized to research, prototype, and test new technologies
in manufacturing and other industries. These facilities, op-
erated by agencies including DOE, NASA, and NIH, repre-
sent more than $5 billion dollars of taxpayer investment.
Further expansion in the future is expected to include more
comprehensive data on other R&D assets, including federal-
ly funded intellectual property. WJ
For Info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index See us at FABTECH booth C3045
PRESS TIME NEWS
Swift Academy Offers Welders Chance to Learn
Aluminum Welding while Earning a Salary
Welding student Brady Bray tacks together test plates.
Swift Academy recently opened its School of Welding to
train and qualify experienced aluminum welders.
Opened by Swiftships, Morgan City, La., which con-
structs small-to-medium sized watercraft built of steel, alu-
minum, and fiberglass, the welding academy is a 6 to 8 week
course where potential company welders will be trained to
meet American Bureau of Shipping and United States Coast
Guard regulations.
Upon entering the course, students will receive a salary
based on their skill level. Lawrence Alleman, a senior certi-
fied fitter/welder, and Terry Gilmore, a senior quality assur-
ance inspector, serve as instructors. Curriculum includes gas
metal arc welding of aluminum.
After completing the academy and qualification exam,
students will join the company’s team.
Opportunities exist for individuals who have completed a
two-year welding course and welders who have a few
months to a year of aluminum welding experience.
Interested candidates may apply in person at Swiftships,
LLC, 1105 Levee Road, Morgan City, La. The first classes be-
gan on August 18, but future chances will take place for par-
ticipating in this six-person-per-class experience.
“We are always looking for people; some people get certi-
fied in just a few weeks and spots open up,” said Morgan
Rhoades, Swiftships marketing and public relations repre-
sentative. “People should apply as soon as possible as we are
looking to hire aluminum welders. It’s a strong need in our
market.”
Hypertherm Announces Succession Plans
Hypertherm, Hanover, N.H., a supplier of plasma, laser,
and waterjet cutting systems, has recently announced staff
changes to take effect Jan. 1, 2015.
The current president, Evan Smith, will assume the role
of CEO from founder Dick Couch, who will retain the posi-
tions of executive chairman of the board and trustee of the
company’s stock ownership plan. Smith has served in a suc-
cession of business management and executive roles since
joining Hypertherm 22 years ago.
12 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014
Evan Smith Jenny Levy
In addition, Jenny Levy, director of corporate social re-
sponsibility, will assume the role of vice president, corporate
social responsibility, from Barbara Couch, who will retain
her roles as board director and chair of its corporate social
responsibility committee. Levy joined Hypertherm in 2004,
holding positions in sales and marketing before being
named director of environmental stewardship in 2010.
Airgas Opens New North Dakota Location
for Servicing Bakken Shale Oil Region
Airgas, Inc., Radnor, Pa., has opened a new location in
Dickinson, N.Dak., enhancing its local product and service
capabilities for users in the Bakken shale oil region. This oil
formation is positioned in western North Dakota and east-
ern Montana, plus extends into Canada.
“Our comprehensive product and service offering is tai-
lored to meet the unique needs of customers in the energy
industry, particularly in oilfield logistics and operations,
well completions and production, and pipeline construction
and maintenance, as well as customers involved in the fabri-
cation of metal components and structures that are a critical
part of the energy sector value chain,” said Airgas President
and CEO Michael L. Molinini.
Patrick Henry Community College to Upgrade
Welding Technologies
Welding virtually and robotically are two new technolo-
gies coming to the welding shop at Patrick Henry Communi-
ty College, Martinsville, Va.
A report prepared for the Commonwealth Center for Ad-
vanced Manufacturing by the Boston Consulting Group re-
sulted in a Centers of Excellence grant, which will help fund
costs for the college’s welding upgrades.
A proposal that includes Patrick Henry, Danville Commu-
nity College, New College Institute, and the Institute for Ad-
vanced Learning and Research outlines Patrick Henry as the
lead provider in welding training. It also includes virtual and
robotic welding equipment to total $230,000, with addition-
al costs for faculty training at $20,000 and a renovation of
the college’s existing welding lab at $100,000.
Dr. Angeline Godwin, Patrick Henry’s president, added
the grant has been awarded but funds are yet to be dis-
persed. She anticipates funding this fall. WJ
See us at FABTECH booth B1903
For Info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index
INTERNATIONAL UPDATE

Canadian College Receives Funding for to reach a peak production rate of 150,000 barrels per day
Additional Training Spaces and covers an area of around 500 m2. FMC Technologies is
providing Total Upstream Nigeria all the subsea production
Northern Lights College (NLC), Dawson Creek, British systems, and Fine Tubes will supply FMC with significant
Columbia (B.C.), Canada, recently announced it will receive volumes of seamless instrumentation tubing for the control,
funding for an hydraulic, and injection lines required for the subsea mani-
additional 75 training folds.
spaces to increase ac- In related news, Fine Tubes has also been selected to sup-
cess and help reduce ply tubing for the chemical propulsion system of the Solar
wait lists for trades Orbiter project, a European Space Agency project that will
critical to the liquefied investigate how the sun creates and controls the
natural gas (LNG) in- heliosphere. Contracted by OHB Sweden, Fine Tubes will be
dustry and in-demand manufacturing Grade 2 titanium tubing.
trades, as part of B.C’s “The challenging environment in which these tubes must
Skills for Jobs operate necessitates traditional manufacturing processes be
Blueprint. improved to meet the demanding technical requirements,”
NLC is receiving funding to add 37 The allocation is said Paul Mallet, aerospace business development manager,
electrical apprenticeship, 16 welder part of the $6.8 Fine Tubes. “At Fine Tubes, we are proud of our flexibility in
foundation, and 27 welder appren­ million recently adapting to new specification requirements and of our role
ticeship spaces. announced to create in enabling such exciting projects to take place.”
1424 foundation and
apprenticeship seats Pilot Welding Academy to Train 30 in
at 14 public postsecondary institutions through British Co- Specialized Welding Fields
lumbia. NCL will receive a total of $438,000 including
$226,000 for the additional training spaces and $212,000 in Dr. Stephen
operating and minor equipment funding such as tools, Farry, Employment
safety gear, and rods and gas for welding to support delivery and Learning minis-
programs. The 75 spaces will include 32 electrical ter in the Northern
apprenticeship, 16 welder foundation, and 27 welder Ireland Executive, re-
apprenticeship seats. cently announced a
“This generous funding provided by the Ministry of Ad- new pilot welding
vanced Education will allow Northern Lights College to pro- academy to address
vide more of the high-demand trades training that is specialist welding
required by the growing labor demand in northeast British needs for Harland
Columbia,” said Laurie Rancourt, NLC president. The and Wolff, Belfast,
government announced an initial $6.6 million for critical Northern Ireland, an Dr. Stephen Farry (left) with Robert
trades’ seats as part of B.C.’s Skills for Jobs Blueprint. One industrial company J. Cooper, chief executive, Harland
million job openings are expected in B.C. by 2022, with 43% specializing in ship- and Wolff, announcing the new pilot
requiring college education or apprenticeship training. building and welding academy. (Photo courtesy of
offshore Northern Ireland Executive’s Face-
Fine Tubes Contracted for Egina and construction. The book page.)
Solar Orbiter Projects project is supported
by the Department
Fine Tubes, Plymouth, Devon, UK, a manufacturer of for Employment and
precision tubes for Learning’s Skills Solutions Service with training delivered by
critical applications, Belfast Metropolitan College and Northern Regional
announced that it College.
has been awarded a The initiative will be aimed at unemployed people with a
major order by FMC background in welding to provide training in modern tech-
Technologies for the niques. The program “will ensure that one of Northern Ire-
supply of advanced land’s most well known employers will be able to access a
tubing for Total Up- high-quality, high-caliber, and highly skilled pool of
stream Nigeria Lim- welders,” said Farry. “Looking forward, this improves the
ited’s offshore Egina overall skillset in our workforce significantly and will help to
Fine Tubes will supply tubing for the project. ensure that other Northern Ireland employers can also draw
chemical propulsion system of the Located 150 km on this expertise and help them to remain competitive in a
Solar Orbiter project, which will fly to off the coast of Nige- demanding global economy.”
within 45 million km of the sun and
image the solar poles for the first
ria at a depth of The program, which will select the best 30 candidates
time. 1750 m, the Egina from those who pass a trade test, will last approximately six
oil field is estimated to eight weeks. WJ

14 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014

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NEWS OF THE INDUSTRY
Piping Professionals’ Union, Washtenaw
Community College Sign 15­Year
Contract Extension
For more than six decades, the United Association has been
training instructors to pass on the skills of piping trades to
generations of journeymen and women.
During a recent ceremony celebrating the 25-year part-
nership between the United Association of Plumbers, Pipe-
fitters, Sprinklerfitters, Welders, and HVACR Technicians
(UA) and Washtenaw Community College (WCC), Ann Ar-
bor, Mich., the parties signed a 15-year contract extension.
Attendees included UA General President William P. Hite,
UA Director of Training Chris Haslinger, and WCC President
Rose Bellanca.
“We have asked everyone to join us as we celebrate the
signing of our new agreement with WCC…an agreement
that will allow our annual Instructor Training Program to
continue here for the next 15 years,” Haslinger said.
Every summer, instructors from across North America as
well as Australia come to the college to pursue certification
as instructors of UA apprentices and journeymen. The pro-
gram benefits the Ann Arbor and Ypsilanti metro area by
bringing revenue into the community.
The UA maintains a full-time, year-round presence at
WCC with full-time staff through its Great Lakes Regional
Training Center. Members of its local unions from all across
the United States come there for training throughout the
year. This facility includes classroom and auditorium space
along with hands-on labs and workshops.
“We are also here to celebrate the installation of a new
microturbine project done jointly between our two organiza-
tions,” Haslinger said at the event.
GEM Energy, Walbrige, Ohio, recently designed and built
the college’s first combined cooling, heating, and power sys-
tem, plus donated another microturbine to train future en-
ergy professionals at the Great Lakes facility. In addition,
the company donated a Capstone C30 microturbine for the
UA’s training program at the college.
“Our partnership with Washtenaw Community College
has been one of the most successful relationships in the his- skilled welding professionals is urgent,” said Louisiana
tory of the UA,” Hite concluded. “When we made our deci- House Speaker Chuck Kleckley.
sion to relocate our program here 25 years ago, none of us The scholarships will provide students access to an accel-
could have known just how well it would work out...we ap- erated AWS SENSE curriculum and career-readiness content
preciate your support and we look forward to our continued from Praxair.
strong and enduring partnership.”
Gullco® Celebrates 60 Years in Operation
Two STEM Education Efforts Announced
Lockheed Martin has donated $200,000 to Project Lead
the Way for implementing its science, technology, engineer-
ing, and math (STEM) curriculum in all of the 26 elemen-
tary schools in Alabama’s Huntsville City School System.
The grant makes Huntsville City Schools the largest school
district in Alabama that has implemented this project in all
of its elementary, middle, and high schools.
In addition, more than 52 elementary school teachers in
the 26 elementary schools attended this project’s profes-
sional development training earlier this summer.
The first phase of Praxair, Inc.’s Skills Pipeline program
will provide more than $300,000 to train 100 new welders
in an accelerated one-year curriculum in Louisiana.
Funded by Praxair’s Global Giving Program, and conduct-
ed in cooperation with the Louisiana Community and Tech- The company’s booth is shown during SCHWEISSEN & SCHNEI­
nical College System, it will be offered through the Baton DEN at Messe Essen held in Germany last year. This represented
Rouge, Delgado, and SOWELA Technical Community Col- its 15th time exhibiting at the international show that’s held
leges. The program also provides funding for new instruc- every four years.
torships and professional development opportunities for ex-
isting welders.
“The state of Louisiana has more than $60 billion in new On July 14, Gullco® International Ltd. (www.gullco.com)
plant construction slated to begin by 2016 and the need for celebrated its 60th anniversary. The company has come a

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long way from its small beginnings in Ontario, Canada.
Still family owned, it has grown from employing six peo-
ple to more than 100 men and women in more than eight
countries with customers in more than 80 countries. Featur-
ing a background in research and development, Gullco® con-
tinues to produce welding and cutting automation systems.
The company has also expanded into a global business and
will continue to pursue its goals of providing North Ameri-
can-made quality automation systems.

Eastern Florida State College and NASA

Partner for Welding Training
Eastern Florida State College (EFSC), Cocoa, Fla., and
NASA Rocket U have partnered to provide Kennedy Space
Center engineers with a one-week comprehensive welding Kennedy Space Center engineers better understand welding tech­
technology training workshop. niques thanks to specialized training at Eastern Florida State Col­
Ken Cox, associate professor of welding technology at the lege. Pictured is a group shot of the May 19–23 class.
college, and Tom Merry, welding technology lab specialist,
guided the students. Instruction included basic welding and hands-on lab exercises for more than 45 professionals.
techniques; metallurgy fundamentals; shielded metal arc, The most recent session took place this summer, and they
gas tungsten arc, and gas metal arc welding applications; hope to conduct future sessions.
plus grinding functions.
Rocket U was developed to help civil service and contrac-
tor engineers expand their skill set in flight systems engi-
ABB Completes New Construction and
neering and learn to better manage design programs. The Facilities Renovation in Wisconsin
insight into welding techniques allows engineers to commu-
nicate more effectively with front-line welders. The ribbon cuttings at both ABB’s new office facility on
To date, EFSC Corporate Services and NASA Rocket U Discovery Parkway, Wauwatosa, Wis., and the office/manu-
have facilitated three workshops covering classroom theory
— continued on page 23

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NEWS OF THE INDUSTRY
— continued from page 20

Shown cutting the ribbon at ABB’s office facility in Wauwatosa,

Wis., are (from left) Ron Tucker, DM division manager, NAM;
Aaron Aleithe, general manager and vice president of drives and
controls; and Greg Scheu, region manager, NAM.

facturing site on Glendale Ave., New Berlin, Wis., marked

completion of the buildings. Construction and renovation
began in April 2013 and nearly all of the 725 employees who
work at the ABB Southeastern Wisconsin sites were present.
The white, three-story building at the Discovery site fea-
tures ABB logos on all four sides and sits on the highest
promontory in Wauwatosa, noted Aaron Aleithe, general
manager and vice president of drives and controls.
Huntzinger, the general contractor who built the new fa-
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cility, logged 50,000 h of construction with zero lost-time
accidents, according to Aleithe.
Additionally, at both facilities, a wrap of fenestration
around the buildings allows sunlight to reach interior spaces.
The building at Discovery Parkway is Silver LEED certi-
fied, contains ABB drives/controls throughout the HVAC
system, and features acoustic tile that creates a quiet work
environment. At Glendale Blvd., renovations included ex-
panding capacity on the manufacturing floor; adding new
offices and conference rooms; plus increasing the training
rooms. ABB engineers also designed a Class 100 Clean Oper-
ating HVAC Room.

Joliet Junior College’s Welding Program

Prepares Students to Fill Welder Jobs
Thanks to funding from a Trade Adjustment Assistance
Community College and Career Training Grant, Joliet Jun-
ior College, Joliet, Ill., received in 2012, the program’s facili-
ties and equipment underwent upgrades and expansions
last year. It received the grant as one of 21 Illinois communi-
ty colleges in an education consortium, the Illinois Network
for Advanced Manufacturing.
Today, the program features 18 individual welding
booths, doubling previous capacity; includes booths for
practicing oxyfuel and gas tungsten arc welding; has a new
ventilation system and an upgraded 110-V electrical system;
plus the grant allowed purchase of virtual welding machines.
“Our welding lab is now a utopia learning environment
The welding lab at Joliet Junior College has been expanded and
upgraded. Pictured is 2014 welding graduate Dawana Griffin.
for our students,” said Industrial Welding Technology In-
structor Greg Foster. “They are absolutely learning the vari-
ety of skills they will need to achieve a good welding career.”
In addition, starting this fall, the program will offer six
new specialized welding certificates of completion. Students
can earn these while simultaneously pursuing the industrial
welding technology AAS degree. The program also changed
to a full academic 16-week schedule.
Interest in welding has grown, and from spring 2013 to
2014, enrollment grew 100%. “We had 258 students in
spring 2014,” said Foster. “Students are starting to realize

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24 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014

that there is a very bright future in welding.”
Graduate Dawana Griffin, 27, said the program prepared
her well for a welding career and she is grateful to have had
professors who challenged her along with coursework de-
signed to provide real-world experiences. She graduated in
May 2014 with an associate’s degree in industrial welding
technology, and a certificate of achievement in welding and
metal fabrication. The first female African-American gradu-
ate of the college’s welding program said she would love to
see more women and minorities pursue careers in the trades.

Industry Notes
• The Texas Comptroller’s Office has approved a $336,090
grant to fund equipment for Weatherford College’s weld-
ing program. The Jobs and Education for Texas grant pro-
gram supports high-demand career and technical education
programs in Texas public community colleges. The following
will be purchased: another welding simulator; machines for
robotic welding, milling, and sanding; plasma beds.

• Rolled Alloys, Houston, Tex., has expanded processing ca-

pabilities at its 80,000-sq-ft service center. A new Behringer
HBM-540 complements existing bar saws, a new racking
system, and expanded inventory/grades. Also, the compa- Put on your favorite college
ny’s division in Los Angeles, Calif., has achieved AS9120A
certification on Quality Management System Requirements jersey and get ready for a night
for Aviation, Space and Defense Suppliers. you won't forget!
s Be one of the first to visit the new
• Sciaky, Inc., Chicago, Ill., has received a purchase order
from a major aerospace parts maker to provide an electron College Football Hall of Fame in Atlanta.
beam additive manufacturing system that will help save s Enjoy food and drinks while connecting
time and cost on producing large, high-value metal parts.
with old friends and new peers.
• The welding department at Manatee Technical Insti- s Experience the unique interactive
tute, Bradenton, Fla., has earned AWS Accredited Test Fa-
cility status. Companies in the region who need welders
environment
environmen nt customized to your
qualified to meet contract requirements can now do so local- favorite college team.
ly. Also, Air Products Plant Manager Mark Evans recently
visited and brought two checks totaling $3000 representing Advance tickets for FABTECH attendees
program support for 2014. The school has been training available now! Register TODAY at
welders for the company for about a year. This money will be fabtechexpo.com/industrynight
used to fund scholarships to students with financial need to
purchase required welding gear.

• MISTRAS Group, Inc., Princeton Junction, N.J., was WEDNESDAY

awarded a multiyear contract for providing fleet radiography
services to Southern Nuclear. It includes, but is not limit-
ed to, balance of plant, flow accelerated corrosion programs,
in-service, and vendor location inspection services.

• ESAB Welding & Cutting Products, Florence, S.C., has

achieved ISO 9001, ISO 14001, and OHSAS 18001 recertifi-
cation for its quality, environmental, and occupational
health and safety management systems. This triple distinc-
tion covers all ESAB activities, people, and units worldwide.

• Washington State Community College, Marietta, Ohio,

has built a new welding lab and developed a new welding Media Sponsors:
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OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 25

available to students. Josh Horner, a member of Boiler-
makers 667, is the welding instructor.
• United Performance Metals has increased nickel plate
product inventory and added processing capabilities, includ-
ing a plate shear and high-definition plasma table, at its
Houston, Tex., facility.
• Viva Motorsports, El Paso, Tex., will be using the new
Fronius AccuPocket portable welding machine for mobile
repairs throughout the remainder of the 2014 race season.
Additional equipment will also be on hand to support the
race crew. The #55 Chevrolet displayed the Fronius logo be-
ginning with the Aarons 312 at Talladega Superspeedway.
• Administration, staff, and supporters at Mayland Com-
munity College recently gathered to cut a ribbon dedicat-
ing the Glenn and Carol Arthur Welding Lab at its Avery
Learning Center in Newland, N.C. A new feature there is a
welding simulator purchased with support by a grant from
the Piedmont Natural Gas Foundation.
• To customize a Clean Air™ fume extraction gun, Bernard,
Beecher, Ill., offers an online configurator at BernardWelds.
com/ConfigureMyGun. Through a step-by-step process, users
may choose each component. When complete, a specific part
number and summary are provided.
• Fischer Technology, Inc., Windsor, Conn., has achieved
accreditation to ISO/IEC 17025:2005 by the American As-
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electrical conductivity instruments and standards for eddy
current comparison; ferrite number instruments and stan-
dards; and nanoindentation instruments/standards.
• The new Highland Community College Western Cen-
ter, Baileyville, Kan., has received notice it was awarded
funding through a grant from the federal Perkins Reserve
Fund to establish the Industrial Welding Program. Those
funds are being used to acquire welding equipment. Also,
the center is part of the Kansas AO-K grant program in the
Highland Technical Center, Atchison, Kan., and welding
is one of the focus technical programs in that grant.
• E. H. Wachs has moved its Houston sales, service, and
rental location to 3414 Lilac Unit E in Pasadena, Tex. It’s
closer for industrial users in the oil/gas market and refiner-
ies in the shipping channel in the area. This facility sells,
services, and rents equipment for pipe cutting/beveling.
• Earlier this year, Airgas Nor Pac hosted its annual sales
management meeting at the Kahneeta Resort in Warm
Springs, Ore., where more than 100 company sales man-
agers and support persons met to review the previous year’s
results and attend workshops. Representatives from Bug-O
Systems, one of 12 invitation-only guests at the two-day
event, showcased products at its booth and trailer. WJ
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BUSINESS BRIEFS
North American Robotics Market
Posts Its Best Quarter
The North American robotics industry is off to its fastest
start ever in 2014, according to new statistics from the Ro-
botic Industries Association (RIA), Ann Arbor, Mich.
A record 14,135 robots, valued at $788 million, were or-
dered from North American robotics companies in the first
half of 2014. This represents an increase of 30% in units
and 16% in revenue vs. the same period in 2013.
The second quarter of 2014 was also the main driver of
the market’s record first half with 8197 robots valued at
$450 million sold to North American customers.
Since 2010, the robotics market in North America has
grown an average of 26% per year. Simultaneously, the U.S.
unemployment rate has fallen. Manufacturing jobs are now
returning to the United States because of automation as well.
“While we often hear that robots are job killers, just the
opposite is true,” said Jeff Burnstein, president of RIA. “Ro-
bots save and create jobs.”
Element Opens $5 Million Oil and Gas
Materials Technology Center
At Element’s new facility, situated on a 5.3­acre campus adjacent
to the Houston energy corridor, fracture mechanics and engineer­
ing critical assessment, NDE, along with corrosion testing are
offered.
Element Materials Technology has recently opened an
Oil and Gas Materials Technology Center in Houston, Tex.
Representing the company’s largest ever single site invest-
ment in capabilities, this lab represents a total investment
in excess of $5 million.
Officially launched by Element’s President and CEO,
Charles Noall, an event was attended by many clients includ-
ing Baker Hughes, BP, Exxon Mobil, Chevron, Serimax, and
Technip. Vallourec’s North American Managing Director,
Skip Herald, also gave a keynote speech.
The center features fracture mechanics and engineering
critical assessment, nondestructive examination (NDE), and
corrosion testing across many metal alloys, thermoplastics,
composites, and elastomers.
Located on a 5.3-acre campus adjacent to the Houston
energy corridor, the site’s testing facilities, technology, and
design offer extended capabilities. In addition, a new poly-
mers facility has been developed in collaboration with the
State of Texas Governor’s Office and Emerging Technology
Fund promoting collaboration with Texas A&M University.
28 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014
Encompassing a main facility of 40,000-sq-ft housing, all
core testing capabilities plus an expanded 15,000-sq-ft facil-
ity for onsite NDE, the center delivers a 50% increase in
testing capacity over Element’s previous lab in the city. It’s
staffed by 95 personnel and new equipment includes electri-
cal discharge machining, water jets, four servohydraulic ma-
chines for fracture mechanics, and a high-pressure, high-
temperature lab for sweet and sour exposures to metal/
polymeric materials.
Aerojet Rocketdyne Awarded Defense Contract
Aerojet Rocketdyne, Sacramento, Calif., has been award-
ed a contract by Wright-Patterson Air Force Base through
the Defense Production Act Title III Office for large-scale ad-
ditive manufacturing development and demonstration.
The company and its subcontractors will design and de-
velop larger scale parts to be converted from conventional
manufacturing to additive manufacturing (3D printing).
“We have developed and successfully demonstrated addi-
tive-manufactured hardware over the last four years but the
machines have been limited in size to 10-inch cubes,” said
Steve Bouley, vice president of Space Launch Systems at
Aerojet Rocketdyne. “These next-generation systems are
about six times larger, enabling more options for our rocket
engine components.”
Also, the company will demonstrate three different alloys
with these larger additive manufacturing machines to in-
clude nickel, copper, and aluminum alloys. Parts ranging
from large ducts to heat exchangers are planned to be
demonstrated in full scale.
Manufacturing Skill Standards Council Wins
National Program Workforce Award
Under its Talented Workforce Initiative, the Great Lakes
Manufacturing Council recently announced the Manufactur-
ing Skill Standards Council was selected as the Best U.S. Na-
tional Program for workforce development. An awards cere-
mony took place during the annual Big M conference at the
Cobo Convention Center in Detroit, Mich.
The council created this initiative to identify the “most
imaginative and effective solutions for building the region’s
pool of manufacturing talent.”
Recent Acquisitions
• Sparton Corp., Schaumburg, Ill., announced its wholly
owned subsidiary, Sparton eMT, LLC, has acquired
Electronic Manufacturing Technology, LLC, Irvine, Calif., a
$25 million revenue business, in an all-cash transaction.
• Linde LLC, Murray Hill, N.J., has signed a contract to sup-
ply liquid oxygen, nitrogen, and argon to Conroe Welding
Supply, Inc., an independent distributor in Conroe, Tex.
• Durable Mecco, Worcester, Mass., a manufacturer of indus-
trial marking equipment, has acquired the steel stamp divi-
sion of Stamp-Rite Supersine, Inc., Lansing, Mich. WJ
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LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

Arc Plasma Research

Garners Interest
This letter is in reference to the paper pub­
lished in the Welding Research Supplement
titled “Separation of Arc Plasma and Cur­
rent in Electrical Arc — An Initial Study,” by
S. J. Chen, F. Jiang, Y. S. Lu, and Y. M. Zhang
in the Welding Journal’s July 2014 maga­
zine (pages 253­s to 261­s).
I enjoyed reading this interesting
and well-written article. It reminded
me of work that was published in the
Welding Journal and Welding Handbook
back in the 1960s. Fig. 1 — Schematic diagram showing major differences in gas tungsten arc, transferred
The Welding Handbook, Chapter 53, plasma arc, and nontransferred plasma arc processes.
Plasma Welding, Fifth Edition, page
53.3, Fig. 53.1, clearly shows a non- drawn and has been incorrect ever “Plasma Needle Arc for Very Low Cur-
transferred arc with separated arc since. It shows the plasma portion of rent Work,” shows a correctly drawn
plasma. The Sixth Edition of the hand- the system originating from the face stylized version of the same Fig. 53.1.
book, Chapter 54, plasma arc welding, of the constricting nozzle instead of An article reprint by Linde clearly
Fig. 54.4, shows a redrawn version of from the electrode as in the original shows a nontransferred separated
that Fig. 53.1. The redrawn figure still Fig. 53.1. This error should be cor- plasma — see Fig. 1.
shows a separated arc plasma. rected in the next Welding Handbook Perhaps the authors of this excellent
In the Welding Handbook, Seventh edition. 2014 article will find my commentary
Edition, Vol. 2, Chapter 9, Fig. 9.4, the The 1966 Welding Journal, Vol. 45, helpful in their future investigations. WJ
original Fig. 53.1 was once again re- No. 11, pages 899–908, by E. F. Gor-
drawn. This time it was incorrectly re- man, G. M. Skinner, and D. M. Yenni, August F. Manz, AWS Fellow

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ALUMINUM Q&A
BY TONY ANDERSON

diameter to be used for base Alloys

Q: Last year, in my October column, there was a short quiz on aluminum 7005 and 2219 when conducting a
welding issues. It was very well received — lots of people participated, many guided bend test?
positive comments came through, and prizes were won. So, I have put to­ A — 6t
gether another quiz providing readers an opportunity to once more test their B — 8t
knowledge of aluminum and aluminum welding technology. C — 10t + 1⁄8 in.
To enter, e­mail me at tony.anderson@millerwelds.com by October 25 and D — It is different for each alloy.
list the question numbers along with the letter of your answers. All respon­
dents with the correct answers will be eligible for prizes. There is only one
correct answer to each question. 5. In accordance with the require­
Out of the accurate entries received, 10 will be randomly selected to win a ments of AWS D1.2/D1.2M:2008,
signed copy of the AWS publication, Welding Aluminum — Questions and An­ Structural Welding Code — Aluminum,
swers (2nd edition), along with their choice of a golf shirt (in small, medium, what is the minimum tensile strength
large, XL, 2XL, and 3XL) or a leather welding jacket (in small, medium, large, required when conducting a reduced
XL, 2XL, 3XL, 4XL, and 5XL) — Fig. 1. section tension test on Alclad 3003­
In addition, to make the process easier if you win, provide your name, H112 tube 1⁄2 in. thick?
mailing address, clothing choice (golf shirt or leather welding jacket), and size A — 11 ksi
in your e­mail. B —14 ksi
The answers to these questions will be published in the December 2014 C — 15 ksi
Aluminum Q&A column along with the names of the winners. Best of luck! D —13 ksi

6. Which of the listed aluminum

filler metal classifications would be
the most appropriate to weld a 5052
base metal that is going to be used in
a service environment with a sus­
tained elevated temperature of
250°F?
A — ER5356
B — ER4043
C — ER5556
D — ER5183

7. What would be the most appro­

Fig. 1 — All 10 winners will receive a signed copy of Welding Aluminum — Questions and
Answers plus their choice of a golf shirt or a leather welding jacket.
1. Which of the following American
landmarks, built in 1884, has an alu­
minum pyramid cap on its top?
A — Lincoln Memorial
B — Washington Monument
C — Jefferson Memorial
D — Benjamin Franklin Memorial
2. In what year was the filler metal
Alloy 4043A registered with the Alu­
minum Association?
A — There is no such aluminum filler
metal alloy.
B — 1954
C — 1976
D — 1981
3. Which of the following alu­
minum alloys has been cooled from
an elevated temperature shaping
process (not cold worked after cool­
ing) and naturally aged to a substan­
tially stable condition?
A — 6463-T1
B — 6063-T2
C — 6351-T4
D — 6063-T5
E — 6061-T6
4. In accordance with the require­
ments of AWS D1.2/D1.2M:2008,
Structural Welding Code —
Aluminum, what is the bending
priate aluminum filler metal to weld a
6061­T6 base metal that 1) is going to
be clear coat anodized after welding,
2) is required to be a good color
match with the base metal after an­
odizing, and 3) will be going into a
service environment with a sustained
elevated temperature of 270°F?
A — ER5356
B — ER4043
C — ER6061
D — ER5554
8. What is the minimum ultimate
tensile strength of 7075­T651 plate in
1
⁄2 in. thickness as specified in the Alu­
minum Association’s Aluminum Stan­
dards and Data 2013?
A — 78 ksi
B — 82 ksi
C — 94 ksi
D — 100 ksi

32 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014

 9. What is the typical ultimate ten­
sile strength of 7075­T651 plate at
75°F and –320°F, respectively, as spec­
ified in the Aluminum Association’s
Aluminum Standards and Data 2013?
A — 70 and 65 ksi
B — 73 and 60 ksi
C — 83 and 102 ksi
D — 75 and 55 ksi

10. In accordance with the require­

ments of AWS D1.2/D1.2M:2008,
Structural Welding Code — Alu­
minum, temporary backing made of
copper shall not be used if
A — It is more than 1 in. wide.
B — The weld joint has a 1⁄32-in. open-
ing or larger.
C — It is less than 99.97% pure
copper.
D — The weld joint has a root opening
less than 1⁄32 in.

11. In accordance with the require­

ments of AWS D1.2/D1.2M:2008,
Structural Welding Code — Alu­
minum, the use of antispatter com­
pound is prohibited unless
A — It is hydrogen free.
B — It is applied more than 1 in. away
from the welded joint.
C — Approved by the engineer.
D — Specified by the welding
inspector.

12. Gas tungsten arc welding direct

current electrode negative with pure
helium shielding gas is seldom used to
weld aluminum, but when it is used,
welds would typically have which of
the following characteristics?
A — Good cleaning action
B — Deep and narrow penetration but
no cleaning action
C — Very low heat input
D — Shallow and wide penetration for
very thin sheet welding. WJ

TONY ANDERSON is director of aluminum

technology, ITW Welding North America. He
is a Fellow of the British Welding Institute
(TWI), a Registered Chartered Engineer with
the British Engineering Council, and holds
numerous positions on AWS technical com­
mittees. He is chairman of the Aluminum As­
sociation Technical Advisory Committee for
Welding and author of the book Welding
Aluminum Questions and Answers currently
available from the AWS. Questions may be
sent to Mr. Anderson c/o Welding Journal,
8669 NW 36th St., #130, Miami, FL 33166­
6672; tony.anderson@millerwelds.com.

For info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 33

BRAZING Q&A
Q: What should we do when a
customer has a critical “hot job”
that he wants brazed immediately
and cannot wait for us to properly
clean the furnace and run the nec­
essary leak checks? How can we
make a good braze when the fur­
nace isn’t ready?
A: Most brazing shops will occasional-
ly be given rush jobs by their good cus-
tomers and they do the best they can
to comply; however, no brazer wants to
risk losing a good customer by deliver-
ing a poor-quality product.
Let’s suppose your vacuum brazing
furnace has just completed a series of
cycles that has left it contaminated.
You were preparing to take the furnace
out of service for the next day or two
for maintenance including hand clean-
ing, vacuuming, a high-temperature
burn-out cycle, etc, then a customer
shows up with a hot job that must be
done right away.
The customer’s assembly consists of
some components made from 316L
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34 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014
BY DAN KAY
stainless steel and others from a
titanium alloy. These base met-
als should be brazed in a thor-
oughly clean and leak-tight fur-
nace. What to do?
Should you attempt to braze
the assembly in the dirty furnace
and risk an unsatisfactory braze
or just tell the customer you can-
not do the rush job that day? I
propose you enclose the assem-
bly inside of a protective “box”
before placing it into the dirty
furnace to ensure it will braze
well.
Boxing an assembly prior to Fig. 1 — Making the base of the box to hold com­
the brazing run is a simple tech- ponents for brazing.
nique that more shops should
use. Here’s how to do it. Prior to of titanium foil and stainless foil on
brazing, place the parts inside of a foil hand just for this purpose. The titani-
box that is easily constructed by hand um foil may be either pure titanium
specifically for those parts. The foil box or a titanium alloy — both types work
shields the parts so they effectively well. Similarly, the stainless steel foil
braze inside their own pristine mini- may be made from any one of a
furnace chamber. The foil box is usual- number of different alloys. A regular
ly used only once, for a particular as- grade stainless steel foil works well.
sembly for one furnace run. Using a low-carbon L-grade foil is not
In my brazing shops, we kept rolls necessary.
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PURGE MONITORS QUICK & ACCURATE
(OXYGEN TO 1PPM) PIPE ALIGNMENT
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Fig. 2 — Placing the cover onto the box to protect boxed
contents.
When a customer gave us a very
sensitive part that needed to be brazed
right away, we did not delay brazing
that component until after the furnace
was cleaned. Instead, we placed the
component on some thin, clean alumi-
na-ceramic sheet, which we then
placed on top of some thin titanium or
stainless steel foil. We then cut some
short slits in the foil to allow the foil to
be folded up to form a box around the
component — taking care the compo-
nent did not touch any of the foil. Fig-
For info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index
ure 1 illustrates how this is
done.
Once two walls are fold-
ed up, then the side walls
can be folded up into place
and the extra foil length
folded around the box to
ensure there are no open
seams to the outside.
Everything is merely bent
over, crimped, etc., using
pliers, metal shears, and
other standard tools, so
that the box can be made
quickly and easily by hand
right there in the shop.
The walls of the box
formed in this manner
should be tall enough so that the sides
of the box are higher than the top of
the part to be brazed. Then, take an-
other piece of the metal foil to make a
loosely fitting cover which is simply
laid on top of the box. Fold the edges
of the cover down so that there is ab-
solutely no “line-of-sight” into the box.
Figure 2 illustrates how this is done.
Note: use thinner foils to make these
boxes, they are much easier to work
with. Keep the foils clean and stored
where they will stay clean and not oxi-
dize. Always handle the foils with clean
gloves and use clean tools to construct
the box and for placing the compo-
nents inside it.
During the brazing cycle, the out-
side of the box serves as a getter. It
catches the outgas products in the larg-
er furnace chamber atmosphere that
would normally condense onto or coat
the parts being brazed. But the foil box
can quite effectively prevent those con-
taminants from reaching the assembly
protected inside. When the cycle is
over and the box is removed from the
furnace, the outside of the box may ap-
pear very dark and discolored. Howev-
er, when the lid is carefully removed,
the components inside the box should
be pristine clean and nicely brazed. WJ
DAN KAY (dan.kay@kaybrazing.com),
is an advisor to the C3 Committee on Brazing
and Soldering. Kay has contributed to the 5th
edition of AWS Brazing Handbook. He has
more than 40 years of experience in the in­
dustry, and operates his own brazing training
and consulting business.
Post your questions for use in this column
on the Brazing Forum section of the BSMC
website www.brazingandsoldering.com.
OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 35
PRODUCT & PRINT SPOTLIGHT

Work Wear Sports Machine Cuts Pipes, Flat ting machine, which in turn provides
Reflective Trim Plate Profiles basic programming of end cuts to
complete part design and program-
ming of all necessary machine cuts.

HGG Profiling Equipment

www.hgg­group.com
(330) 461­6855

Arc Process Enables

A line of flame-resistant (FR), en- More Efficient Welding
hanced visibility uniforms features re-
flective trim to improve worker safety
in many industries, including welding,
manufacturing, petroleum refining,
and electric or gas utility. The work
wear assortment also protects workers The Multi-Profile Cutting Machine
from arc flash, flash fire, combustible can be configured to cut many profile
dust, or molten metal while offering shapes. It offers three basic flexible
greater visibility in low-light condi- machine configurations to cut pipes,
tions. The line consists of pants, shirts, box sections, or profiles from bar flat
coveralls, and jackets in UltraSoft® and stock. In addition, the product can be
GlenGuard® FR fabric options. programmed using the company’s
manual data input and/or ProCAD Four arc variants for the TPS/i
G&K Services, Inc. software. The company’s ProGRAM GMAW platform have been intro-
www.gkservices.com software provides a direct link from duced. The characteristics for LSC
(800) 452­2737 independent workstations to the cut- — continued on page 39

VARIOUS
ARIOUS OTHER WELDING
AND ALIGNMENT DEVICES
AVAILABLE
AILABLE
CAT
AT. NO. 2
Single Purpose HI-LO Gage

CAT
AT. NO. 5
V-WAC Undercrcut Gage
Also custom gages manufactured
AUTO W. W.S. TYPE GAGE ADJUSTABLEABLE FILLET
on request.
CAT
AT. NO. 6 WELD GA AGES
AG
To Check the Permissible CAT
AT. NO. 3
Tolerance of Convexity With the
To t For equal and unequal
new, improved Auto Weld Size legged fillet welds
gage you can meet specification t Measures 15 different weld
for butt and fillet type welds. sizes plus throat thickeness
Redesigned gage is pocket size,
easy to use and has thumb screw
adjustment replacing old, hard
to operate rivet. Automatically
shown convexity and concavity
sizes have been predetermined
in accordance with American
Welding Society D1.1
CAMBRIDGE TYPE GAG
CAT
AT. NO. 4
t Angle of Preparation
SKEW-T WELD APPRROVED BY AAR
t Excess Weld Metal
GAGE/CALCULAT ATOR
t Depth of Undercut HI-LO® WELDING GAG AGES
t Depth of Pitting
CAT
AT.
T. NO. 9 7 P.
P C.
C FILLET TYPE GAGE
CAT
AT. NO. 1
t Fillet W
Weld Throat Size
t Replaces all other sets of gages Accurate
used to measure fillet or groove For internal misalign in pipe
W.T.P.
W.T. P.S. TYPE GAGE t Fillet W
Weld Length welds in addition to 6 other crit -
CAT
AT.
T. NO. 8
welds in skewed members at 90O ALL EDGES DEBURRED
Measures .010 inch deep t Outside Misalignment cal, required measurements.
t Handy compilation of math - ALL LETTERS AND CHARACTERS
undercut Patent No. 3,869,801
ematical relationships between leg LASER ETCHED
CAT
AT. NO. 7
length, throats, skew angles and HANDY POCKET CASE
TOLERANCES +.0005 inches
inspection dimensions. The G.A.L. Fillet Weld gage allows
American Welding Society
Structural Welding Code D1.1, fast, accurate measurement of 11
“Underrcut shall be no more than   
  
 

    


fillet weld sizes: 1/8, 3/16, 1/4, 5/16,
.010 inches (.25mm) deep when 3/8, 7/16, 1/2, 5/8, 3/4, 7/8, and 1
the weld is transverse to the inch. Includes metric equivalents.
primary stress in the part that is P.O. BOX 218  STEVENSVILLE, MICHIGAN 49127
P. Determine either concave or convex
undercut.” PHONE: 269/465-5750  FAX: 269/465-6385 weld sizes.
E-mail: info@galgage.com
Website: www.galgage.com
Visa & Mastercard Accepted

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36 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014

 On Select Tweco® and Victor® Thermal Dynamics®
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For Info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index
PRODUCT & PRINT
SPOTLIGHT
— continued from page 36
Root — ensuring good root formation
and a high deposition rate with re-
duced energy input — plus LSC Uni-
versal — suited to welding fillet welds,
corner welds, lap joints, filling and
capping runs, and brazing — supple-
ment a new algorithm as well as fea-
ture reduced spatter with greater arc
stability. The penetration stabilizer
keeps the fusion penetration constant
during electrode extension fluctua-
tions with the help of the wire feed
speed control. Arc length and dynamic
corrections have also been enhanced.
To enable using longer hosepacks, ad-
ditional hardware reduces the influ-
ence of increased inductance in the
welding circuit. Pictured is the cross
section of a joint root welded with LSC
Root with the penetration stabilizer
disabled.
Fronius International GmbH
www.fronius.com
(877) 376­6487
TECHNOLOGY FOR THE WELDER’S WORLD.
MORE THAN
METAL JOINING, SAFETY & EFFICIENCY
Gun Offers Precise
Wire Feeding
The Frontpull 7 welding gun, which
features a close-to-process drive unit
located at the gun neck, feeds welding
wires of steel, aluminum, or other al-
loy material with a diameter from 0.8
to 1.6 mm. The four-roll drive gun,
with an output of 90 W, keeps a tool
WELDING.
Booth C1344
www.binzel-abicor.com
For info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index
center point with an accuracy of ±0.2
mm. Changing is done via the stan-
dard bayonet system.
SKS North America
www.sks­welding.com
(248) 519­5079
Redesigned Site Offers
Safety Training Courses
The company has launched a new
website designed to make it easy to
find hands-on industrial skills training
courses and resources. The site pro-
vides training courses and information
to assist industry professionals in de-
veloping safe and skilled industrial
employees. The new web design also
features the latest news and white pa-
pers on industry trends, videos with
tips and examples of training that stu-
dents receive, an advanced search that
allows users to find training courses by
location, type, and date, plus social
networks and feeds.
NTT Training
www.nttinc.com
(800) 922­2820
OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 39
 Pipe Purging Systems Prevent
Overinflation
HotPurgeTM pipe purging systems
are for use at up to 572°F for 24 h.
Based on the company’s Quick
Purge®II design, they are adapted for
use at high temperatures. This system
is available for pipe internal diameters
from 4 to 96 in. Each is made to size
and has a tolerance of ± 1⁄2 in. Features
include a central large collar that
makes it easier to reach the lower oxy-
For info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index
See us at FABTECH booth C1016
40 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014
gen levels faster; four pull handles at-
tached to each dam secured with
Kevlar thread; and PurgeGate®, a
patented invention that allows users
to connect the system to any source of
compressed inert gas and turn it on to
whatever flow/pressure they want, to
prevent overinflation.
Huntingdon Fusion Techniques
www.huntingdonfusion.com
44 (0) 1554 836 836
Free Plans Available for
Welding Projects
The company is now offering free
DIY welding project ideas and plans on
its website. The plans, available in in-
stant downloads, come with detailed
instructions for many useful and fun
projects. Many offer instructions on
where to purchase supplies, what tools
are necessary, and how to modify the
project’s plans to fit individual needs.
Examples of free DIY plans include
soap-box go kart, garage workbench
table, 90-deg jig, coffee table, trailer
dolly, welding table, and campfire grill
stand.
DIY Welding Plans
www.diyweldingplans.com
(888) 964­0813
GTAW Torch Includes Water
Cooling Jacket
Micro Torch, the company’s small-
est GTAW torch, includes three differ-
ent angled heads, making it useful for
tightly spaced applications. The torch
features a clear Pyrex™ nozzle, low
profile torch body, and water cooling
jacket that lets the torch reach its
highest amperage possible, even with a
3
⁄32-in. tungsten electrode. The torch is
available in 70-A gas-cooled or 140-A
water-cooled models, each with 45-,
90-, and 180-deg heads. A kit is includ-
ed with each torch that contains the
three interchangeable heads, three
presharpened tungstens and a tung-
sten stick-out gauge, two Pyrex noz-
zles, and one aluminum nozzle.
CK Worldwide, Inc.
www.ckworldwide.com
(800) 426­0877
scrap automatically during cutting op-
erations, eliminating production inter-
ruptions and reducing labor costs, can
be used with various laser, oxyfuel,
and plasma cutting machines. Avail-
able with cutting widths ranging from
5 to 24 ft, the table’s exhaust channel
ducts for fume extraction can be inter-
nal or external depending on the
application.
Koike Aronson, Inc./Ransome
www.koike.com
(800) 252­5232
Manual Band Saw Features
2­hp Motor
The company’s Model H275 manu-
al band saw cuts tubes, pipes, light
structural shapes, and small solids up
to 10 in. at 90 deg. The saw has a vari-
able-speed blade from 65 to 320
ft/min and can accurately miter up to
60 deg to the right. Operations include
manual sawframe raise, manual vise,
hydraulic/solenoid-powered downfeed,
and status indicators for power on,

App Allows Sharing of Welding

Calculations

The Welding Calculator app includes

heat input, energy density, and power
ratio calculation; IPM and RPM conver-
sions; pulse conversions; averages, vol-
umes, fractions, and deposition rates.
The app, available for Android and iOS
devices, allows users to save or share
calculations using the mobile operating
system sharing capabilities. English or
metric units can be selected.

Arc Machines, Inc.

www.arcmachines.com
(818) 896­9556

Cutting Table Removes

Slag Automatically

The Klean Sweep, a self-cleaning

cutting table that removes slag and
For info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index
OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 41
 Courseware Presents Common
Arc Welding Processes
The company’s new release of Com-
mon Arc Welding Processes, a training
tool for industry and educational facil-
ities that want to offer an introduction
to welding without hands-on training
applications, includes two DVDs and
an instructor guide. Topics include a
course overview, safety topics, and an
introduction to shielded metal arc, gas
metal arc, flux cored arc, and gas tung-
sten arc welding. It also provides infor-
mation about consumables for the var-
ious arc welding processes.

Hobart Institute of Welding Technology

correct blade tension, broken blade,
and bandwheel cover open. The tool
features a 2-hp totally enclosed, fan-
cooled motor, 24-V controls, bimetal
blade with shutoff for broken blade or
low tension, blade-drive load monitor,
and full coolant system.
Kalamazoo Machine Tool
www.kmtsaw.com
(269) 321­8860
www.welding.org
(800) 332­9448
Carrying Strap Helps Welders
Safely Move Cylinders
The JugLugger® carrying strap
helps welders carry propane cylinders
and torches on the job site and up lad-
ders. The strap lets welders free their
hands to comply with OSHA
1926.1053 ladder safety regulations
and improve job efficiency. This tool
connects quickly to gas cylinders and
other heavy gear. It features a high-
strength adjustable strap, steel
connection clips, and foam shoulder
pad covered with high denier
— continued on page 195

For info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index

42 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014

For Info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index
Pairing
Galvanized
Steel with
Metal-Cored
Wire

Fig. 1 — Galvanized steel is becoming an increasingly common material in automotive manufacturing. It allows for the manufacture of
lighter-weight vehicles without sacrificing the strength, corrosion resistance, or life span of the vehicle.

44 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014

Employing this combination offers automotive
manufacturing benefits
G
alvanized steel is becoming an
increasingly common material
in automotive manufacturing
because of the numerous benefits it
offers. The material allows for the
manufacture of lighter-weight vehicles
without sacrificing the strength, cor-
rosion resistance, or life span of the
vehicle — Fig. 1.
Reducing overall vehicle weight is a
challenge the automotive industry will
continue to face, due to the Corporate
Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) regula-
tions intended to improve the average
fuel economy of cars and light trucks
sold in the United States. While Con-
gress first enacted CAFE regulations in
1975, increasingly stringent standards
recently issued by the U.S. Depart-
ment of Transportation and U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency require
average fuel economy to be the equiva-
lent of 54.5 miles per gallon for cars
and light-duty trucks by model year
2025.
The ability to fabricate more parts
with thin galvanized steel helps auto-
motive manufacturers reduce total ve-
hicle weight by hundreds of pounds in
some cases, which in turn helps them
meet the increasingly strict fuel econo-
my requirements. The ability to design
thinner parts can also result in cost
Fig. 2 — Pairing a GMAW-P process with metal-cored wires designed for galvanized steel
can help combat many challenges and issues associated with welding the material.
savings for manufacturers, given less
material is being used.
However, welding galvanized steel
poses some challenges. Because the
material typically is thinner, there can
be an increased potential for melt-
through. Also, the zinc coating of gal-
vanized steel can contribute to weld
discontinuities such as porosity both
on and below the weld surface.
Metal-cored welding wire formulat-
ed for galvanized steel can address
these challenges. This type of wire is
capable of providing faster travel
speeds, which lowers the heat input.
Combined with a pulsed gas metal arc
welding (GMAW-P) process, in partic-
ular, it can help improve productivity
and efficiency on this material while
also producing high weld quality.
Metal-cored wire is a type of tubu-
lar wire consisting of a metal sheath
filled with metallic powders, alloys,
and arc stabilizers. As opposed to solid
wire, metal-cored wire carries higher
current densities (at equivalent am-
perage settings), making it possible to
put more weld metal in a joint in less
time during the welding process.
Those faster travel speeds make metal-
cored wire a choice for robotic welding
applications, like those found in auto-
motive manufacturing. Achieving the
BY AMANDA D’ARCY
same weld quality with solid wire
would require slower welding speeds
and with it, higher heat input and po-
tential melt-through.
Robotic welding is the standard
method for most welding applications
in automotive manufacturing because
of the speed it offers, so this process
pairs well with metal-cored wire and
the faster travel speeds necessary for
welding galvanized steel — Fig. 2.
Basics of Galvanized Steel
The properties of galvanized steel
make it a good choice for many auto-
motive manufacturing applications.
Galvanized steel has a protective
layer of zinc on its surface, so the ma-
terial offers excellent corrosion resist-
ance and high strengths, even at thin-
ner gauges such as 1 mm. In addition,
galvanized steel is more cost effective
than a base metal like aluminum, espe-
cially when the application calls for us-
ing a lot of the material.
Because of these properties, many
automotive manufacturers are con-
verting to galvanized steel for more
applications. In the past decade, galva-
nized steel may have been associated
with automotive body skins of less
than 1 mm, but today use of the mate-
rial is expanding into other structural
components such as frames, suspen-
sion, and engine cradles.
There are different types of galva-
nized steel, all with their own charac-
teristics and recommended applica-
tions. Overall, each presents similar
challenges, although to varying
degrees.
Main Challenges of
Welding Galvanized Steel
The thinness and zinc coating of
galvanized steel are characteristics
that provide many benefits, but they
can also be the source of additional
problems such as melt-through and
porosity. Should these issues arise,
manufacturers risk sacrificing quality
OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 45
and productivity, which can adversely
affect their competitive edge and bot-
tom line.
Surface porosity on this material is
a common issue regulated by Ameri-
can Welding Society (AWS) standards.
See the following identification for the
AWS D8.8M:2007, Specification for Au-
tomotive Weld Quality Arc Welding of
Steel, regulations regarding the porosi-
ty requirements (both surface and
subsurface or internal).
“5.1.4 Porosity
5.1.4.1 Surface Porosity. Individual
pores, separated by at least their own di-
ameter, and other scattered surface
porosity shall be permitted. The total
length of porosity (sum of diameters)
shall not exceed 6 mm in any 25 mm of
weld. The maximum pore dimension shall
not exceed 1.6 mm.
5.1.4.2 Internal Porosity. Internal
porosity shall not exceed 15% of the area
of the weld being examined.”
It is typically a two-step process to
determine the internal porosity, first
requiring an X-ray of the weld and
then applying image analysis using
contrast analysis to quantify the
amount of porosity as a percentage.
These weld defects could lead to cata-
strophic failures later in time, so ad-
dressing both types of porosity is im-
portant.
The travel speed used during the
welding process directly impacts the
presence of porosity. The faster the
travel speed, the faster the weld pool
tends to freeze, which can be especial-
ly troublesome since zinc vaporizes at
a much lower temperature than steel
melts. The temperature differentiation
can lead to gas pockets becoming
trapped because the weld solidifies be-
fore the zinc gas can escape.
In addition to the common issue of
For info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index
46 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014
porosity, welding thin galvanized steel
presents other challenges, including
the following:
• The potential for melt-through
due to the thinness of the metal, a
challenge that can cost a manufacturer
time and profit — in the form of lost
product — should this defect occur.
• Spatter, which not only can adhere
to the part, requiring postweld
cleanup, but can also adhere to tool-
ing, leading to damaged sensors or
clamps in the robotic system. Spatter
is typically the result of the shorter arc
lengths associated with constant volt-
age modes of welding.
• The presence of silica islands in
the weld, especially those that may
break free after the e-coat or paint
process, or those that reside in the
toes of the weld.
Benefits of Metal-Cored
Wire and GMAW-P
Pairing a GMAW-P process with
metal-cored wire designed for galva-
nized steel can help combat or prevent
many of the challenges and issues as-
sociated with welding the material.
The combination also offers improve-
ments over the speeds and perform-
ance of solid wire, given one of the
greatest advantages of metal-cored
wire is its high deposition rates.
Hotter and faster are the keys to
addressing many of the challenges
when welding galvanized steel. It’s es-
sential to keep a balance in the
time/temperature relationship to suc-
cessfully weld this material.
Recent advancements in metal-
cored wires, specifically some carrying
the AWS classification E70C-GS, pro-
vide significant advantages for welding
galvanized steel. These wires feature
formulations that allow them to weld
with direct current electrode negative
(DCEN) polarity. Operating in DCEN
offers distinct advantages when weld-
ing thin-gauge galvanized steel, in-
cluding the following:
• A softer arc penetration that pre-
vents melt-through on thin-gauged
material.
• An improved penetration profile.
• Sufficient arc energy to vaporize
the galvanized zinc coating, which
minimizes surface and subsurface
porosity.
The formulation not only results in
higher deposition rates, but also in
good root opening-bridging capabili-
ties and a high-strength deposit that
maintains ductility and impact tough-
ness.
Like other metal-cored wires, the
wires designed for welding galvanized
steel also feature arc stabilizers that
help improve metal transfer from the
wire to weld, effectively reducing spat-
ter and the need for postweld cleaning
or slag removal, which could slow
down overall throughput.
The new metal-cored wires formu-
lated for galvanized steel are designed
to weld at 40 in./min in robotic appli-
cations compared to 23 or 25 in./min
for solid wire. The faster travel speeds
and lower defect rates offered by the
wire can help automotive manufactur-
ers increase throughput, reduce expen-
ditures related to rework, and save
time and money.
Increase Productivity
and Reduce Costs
When choosing a filler metal, it’s
important to consider the application
and material thickness being welded.
Weld quality and porosity require-
ments — and how specific types of
filler metals impact those issues — are
also important considerations.
In many applications, the new op-
tions in metal-cored wire designed for
use with galvanized steel can help
manufacturers increase productivity,
improve quality, and maximize the
benefits the material offers in automo-
tive applications. WJ
AMANDA D’ARCY is with field
application engineering for
Miller Electric Mfg. Co.
(www.millerwelds.com), Appleton, Wis.
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Changes Are Coming to
Hazard Communication
The new GHS hazard communication
recommendations will impact manufacturers,
distributors, and users of welding consumables
T
his article discusses the basic
provisions of the Globally Har-
monized System of Classification
and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) Haz-
ard Communication System, how they
differ from previous hazard communi-
cation requirements, and with a focus
on the classification process, their like-
ly impact upon the welding workplace.
In July 2003, the GHS was en-
dorsed by the United Nations (UN)
Economic and Social Council. The GHS
was drafted to address the need for a
common framework for the technical
classification and communication of
chemical hazards. According to the
UN, “It (GHS) aims at providing a ba-
sis for harmonization of rules and reg-
ulations on chemicals at a national, re-
gional, and worldwide level, an impor-
tant factor also for trade facilitation.”
The GHS objective is to provide a
universal systematic, empirical ap-
proach for physical, health, and envi-
ronmental hazard classification of
pure substances and mixtures. The
hazard classification process is the
foundation upon which this systemat-
ic prescriptive approach is built. Once
a product’s hazards have been classi-
fied, these chemical property, regula-
tory or test data derived classifications
then drive much of the required out-
puts on product Safety Data Sheets
(SDS) and package/container warning
labels. The GHS is not a regulation or a
standard, but a set of international
recommendations that a competent
authority can adopt, in whole or in
part, according to the “building-block”
approach.
The UN publishes the GHS guide-
lines on hazard classification criteria,
standardized label elements, and SDS
format in its publication known as the
‘Purple Book.’ The first edition of the
Purple Book was approved by the
48 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014
Committee of Experts at its first ses-
sion in December 2002. The GHS Pur-
ple Book is updated and revised every
two years.
The U.S. Adoption of GHS
In March 2012, the United States
Occupational Safety and Health Ad-
ministration (OSHA) adopted the
third revised edition of the GHS into
its Revised Hazard Communication
Standard. A majority of the new OSHA
requirements take effect in June 2015,
which corresponds to the European
Union’s final deadline for incorpora-
tion of the GHS requirements for mix-
tures, following their previous adop-
tion for pure substances. Many coun-
tries worldwide have similarly adopted
GHS into their regulatory framework,
or have plans to do so.
The Key Principle of GHS Is
Classification of Hazards
Under GHS guidelines, hazard clas-
sification is specifically derived based
on the intrinsic properties of a chemi-
cal substance or mixture. In other
words, it is based upon the hazards the
chemical substance or mixture ex-
hibits in the form in which it is pur-
chased, shipped, and received in com-
merce. This hazard classification does
not include risks arising from subse-
quent use or transformation in the
workplace. However, successful hazard
communication includes information
on the presence of potential end-use
risks as well as the intrinsic hazards.
Therefore, hazard communication in-
formation is still required in appropri-
ate sections of a GHS formatted SDS
or label to alert the user to minimize
exposures and risks.
Accordingly, by following estab-
Article prepared by the AWS Safety and Health
Committee. Comments can be submitted to
SHC Secretary Steve Hedrick (steveh@aws.org).
lished classification criteria under
GHS, solid form welding consumable
electrodes should be considered “Not
classified as hazardous according to
GHS,” due to their lack of intrinsic
hazards. By definition, they are not
considered exempt articles though,
because they can present safety and
health risks during their actual use in
the workplace. For this reason, while
they may not require the GHS label el-
ements on product labeling, full GHS
16 Section formatted Safety Data
Sheets are required for complete and
proper hazard communication to end
users of these products. Of course,
packaging should continue to provide
applicable warnings for physical haz-
ards and health risks generated during
the use of welding electrodes.
Granular form welding products
such as submerged arc flux are classi-
fied under GHS as they may present
intrinsic hazards in the form they are
sold, shipped, and received by the cus-
tomer. They can become airborne as a
dust, and the dust may contain haz-
ardous constituents such as crystalline
silica. Once properly classified accord-
ing to GHS guidelines, they must have
applicable compliant GHS labels on
packaging as well as Safety Data
Sheets authored and provided in
accordance with competent authority
requirements.
The GHS Compliance Timeline
In the United States, OSHA re-
quires that all manufacturer/supplier’s
SDS and product labeling conform to
the GHS (Purple Book, Revision 3) re-
quirements as of June 1, 2015. Dis-
tributors have until December 1, 2015,
to ensure that all products sold con-
form to the new requirements. Canada
has stated its intention to adopt GHS
in alignment with the United States,
but has yet to announce a date as to
when GHS will be formally adopted
into its existing WHMIS requirements.
The European Union’s (EU) final im-
plementation compliance date for SDS
and label conformance coincides with
OSHA’s June 2015 deadline. However,
in the EU, there is still additional time
allowed for distributors. China adopt-
ed GHS Purple Book, Revision 4 label-
ing and SDS requirements officially on
May 1, 2011.
How GHS Hazard
Communication Is Different
It’s true that data sheets and con-
tainer/package warning labels have
been around a good while as mandated
by OSHA in the United States. Cana-
da’s WHMIS includes similar hazard
communication statutes, and so have
most developed countries around the
globe. The difference is that these pre-
existing requirements were, by and
large, performance based — whereas
the new GHS requirements are princi-
pally prescriptive. In other words, be-
fore, it was up to the manufacturer to
figure out what the hazards of their
products were and to then develop
Material Safety Data Sheets and con-
tainer labels with whatever content
they deemed necessary in order to ad-
Fig. 1 — An example of how a GHS label might look.
equately warn potential users in the
workplace regarding their hazards and
safe use of the products.
Under GHS, manufacturers must
first classify their products, be they
considered substances or mixtures, ac-
cording to their physical, health, and
environmental hazards. (In the United
States, OSHA does not specifically re-
quire provision of the environmental
risk information as it doesn’t have ju-
risdiction over environmental mat-
ters.) This classification process fol-
lows according to specific empirically
based criteria, and then from those
prescribed classifications mandatory
label and SDS text, warning state-
ments, and warning symbol outputs
are derived. Many of these classifica-
tion guidelines rely on regional regula-
tions, best practice standards, scientif-
ic chemical property data, published
toxicological or ecological test data,
and related published research studies.
Therefore, manufacturers must obtain
and compile this applicable published
information by doing an extensive re-
view of the literature, by subscribing
to a service that provides this informa-
tion, and/or by conducting their own
scientific testing and research. In most
cases, testing is not a requirement, as
GHS established “Bridging Principles”
that allow classification and hazard
ratings to be calculated for mixtures
based on the data available for its
base level elemental or compound
components.
Figure 1 provides an example of
how a label might look before and af-
ter GHS.
In the EU, some compounds have
what is known as a Harmonized Clas-
sification. Basically, a technical risk as-
sessment committee completed re-
views of many high priority materials
and established a classification that is
mandatory in the EU. This informa-
tion and other types of information
related to chemical information asso-
ciated with GHS and other require-
ments can be found on the European
Chemicals Agency (ECHA) website.
GHS Is Not Quite Harmonious
While the GHS charter includes the
goal of providing a harmonized
process for hazard communication
across the globe, in practice this is not
necessarily how things have turned
out. Because GHS offers a building
block approach for voluntary adoption
by countries into their regulatory
framework, there are sometimes sig-
nificant regional and country-specific
differences in the classification rules
and other implementation of the sys-
tem which, in turn, affect required
SDS and label outputs. A major chal-
OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 49
lenge for business is that many coun-
tries or regions are adopting different
aspects or components of the GHS
system on a varying set of timelines.
Therefore, specific country or regional
requirements need to be evaluated in-
dividually. This is especially true with
regard to classification rules.
For example, in the United States,
crystalline silica (i.e., quartz) is consid-
ered a carcinogen while this is not the
case in the EU. Similar variation exists
for other compounds potentially con-
tained in welding consumables and al-
lied materials. As a consequence, the
same product might have very differ-
ent label and SDS requirements de-
pending on where a product is to be
supplied and shipped. This is some-
thing that manufacturers and distribu-
tors need to be aware of so that they
can manage their business processes
accordingly. In the Asia/Pacific region,
there is a considerable degree of coun-
try-to-country variation when it
comes to GHS adoption and classifica-
tion and labeling requirements. In
many ways, it is this nonharmoniza-
tion with respect to these prescriptive
classification and labeling require-
ments that may be the largest eco-
nomic impact of GHS.
Figure 2 shows an example of how a
warning label might vary depending
on whether the product is destined for
the United States market or for the
European market.

GHS Hazard Classification Is

Based on Intrinsic Properties
of Substances
As stated previously, classification
is the foundation for implementing
GHS and providing SDS and product
labeling that meet the new require-
ments. According to the written GHS
classification rules, stated in the GHS
Purple Book, Section 1.3.2.2.1: “Only
the intrinsic hazardous properties of
substances and mixtures are to be con-
sidered.” This is important when con-
sidering the classification of solid-
state, solid form welding consumables
as they do not pose an intrinsic haz-
ard, and it is not until they are actually
used in the workplace and undergo
their intended transformation during
the welding process that they present
any potential risks.
For this reason, it is correct to con-
sider them as “Not Classified” accord-
ing to GHS. Of course, this statement
Fig. 2 — Examples of how labels might look depending on whether the warning is for the
United States or European market.
does not mean that they pose no phys-
ical hazard or health risks when they
are used in the welding process. For
this reason, the welding industry must
continue its long-standing practice of
providing exceptional product warning
and safe use information on packaging
and in SDSs as it relates to the poten-
tial physical hazards and health risks
that might be encountered when con-
ducting welding or one of its allied
processes. Such information is re-
quired in the GHS SDS in Sections 2,
8, and 11 where information on the
hazards arising out of the conditions
of use must be provided. These would
include things like the constituents of
health significance in fume, gases pro-
duced during product use, as well as
the physical hazards that are created
such as radiation from the arc. General
hazards such as electrical and fire
should be included in applicable sec-
tions of the SDS.
The Not Classified determination
in accordance with the GHS guidelines
is the most appropriate in terms of
providing the most accurate informa-
tion to end users. If solid welding elec-
trodes were to be classified based on
their standard composition, hazard
outputs could be confusing and/or

50 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014

misleading. For example, some shield-
ed metal arc welding (SMAW) manual
electrodes have crystalline silica in
their base composition, but the mate-
rial is bound in a solid extruded sili-
cate matrix. In addition, when welding
takes place, there is no subsequent ex-
posure potential with respect to crys-
talline silica. It is predominantly com-
plexed with metallic elements in the
arc environment, and in any event,
certainly does not survive the arc in
crystalline form. However, if we classi-
fy based on standard composition,
then much of the hazard classification
and resulting warning outputs would
be derived based upon crystalline silica
content even though there is absolute-
ly no exposure potential to these com-
pounds during use or otherwise.
Furthermore, there are also com-
pounds and constituents present in
the welding fume plume that may not
exist in the base standard composition
at all. Trying to conduct GHS classifi-
cation based on the byproducts of con-
sumable product decomposition or the
welding process itself would get even
messier. The degree to which some
byproducts are formed is dependent
upon the many conditions and process
parameters selected by the user. Volt-
age settings, shielding gases, and the
power supply wave characteristics of
the process can all have a significant
impact on the generation of potential
contaminants.
Perhaps the most significant is that
the makeup of airborne welding
byproducts can be heavily influenced
by the particular substrate metal, base
metal coatings present, and other as-
pects of the user’s unique application.
Product diameter selection should also
be considered as composition may
vary by product diameter — and so
this adds still another variable not
necessarily controlled by the manufac-
ture/supplier.
Finally, obtaining complete decom-
position chemistry for a wide range of
conceivable user-controlled parame-
ters would be extremely resource in-
tensive and, in most cases, simply not
feasible.
GHS and OSHA Got It Right
It seems as if the drafters of The
Globally Harmonized System of Classi-
fication and Labeling of Chemicals
(GHS) did get it right when they speci-
For info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index
fied that classification should be ac-
complished based upon the intrinsic
hazards of a chemical substance or
mixture. The fact that OSHA adopted
these GHS guidelines without any ap-
preciable modification also demon-
strates its solid commitment to the
GHS process and trust in the sound-
ness of its foundational principles.
The welding industry as a whole
should support having a hazard com-
munication process that provides all
users with the most accurate hazard
information possible. It will no doubt
continue its past practices with respect
to providing detailed hazard and risk
information that ensures users have
what they need in order to take the
steps necessary to adequately protect
themselves or their employees. While
an additional investment of resources
may be required on the front end by
manufacturers and suppliers, a com-
mon system such as GHS, when used
as designed, may ultimately help to do
this most directly and consistently.
Perhaps the GHS vision of a hazard
communication process, fully harmo-
nized on a global scale, can be one day
realized. WJ
OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 51
Meeting the Demand for
Welding Engineers
Graduating highly qualified, well-prepared engineers BY DAVID PHILLIPS,
and growing its research activities are primary AVI BENATAR, AND
missions of the Welding Engineering Program JOHN C. LIPPOLD
at The Ohio State University

W
elding engineering at The
Ohio State University (OSU)
traces its roots back to the
1930s. Over the ensuing 80 years, it
has evolved into an academic/research
program that is recognized through-
out the world. The university currently
has the only Accreditation Board for
Engineering and Technology (ABET)
approved engineering program in the
United States offering a bachelor of
science degree in welding engineering.
Masters and doctorate degrees in
welding engineering are also offered.
The program has changed significantly
over the past ten years with new facul-
ty hires, a merger with the Materials
Science and Engineering Department,
growth in research activities, and the
offering of online courses. In addition, Fig. 1 — Students learning to weld in 1958.
unprecedented growth of the under-
graduate student population is antici-
pated starting this year. This article
provides a brief history of the program
and an update on its current status
and future direction.

A Brief History
In the years following World War I,
arc welding became recognized as a vi-
able technique for joining and repair-
ing iron and steel. This led to in-
creased interest in welding throughout
the world. A small group of faculty in
OSU’s Industrial Engineering Dept.
began promoting welding as a manu-
facturing technique, which eventually
led to the organization of six welding
conferences held annually from 1932
to 1937. This, in turn, resulted in the
development of a combined Industri-
al/Welding Engineering degree pro-
gram that was launched in 1938. Be- Fig. 2 — Professor McCauley delivering a welding metallurgy lecture, circa 1968.

52 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014

tween 1938 and 1944, 20 BS Industri-
al Engineering/Welding Engineering
degrees were granted, but the program
was interrupted by World War II. The
faculty supporting this activity were
located in the Industrial Engineering
building, which eventually became the
home of the Welding Engineering
Department.
In 1947, Robert S. Green was hired
to establish a Welding Engineering
Dept., which was formally launched on
January 1, 1948. The curriculum that Fig. 3 — The Edison Joining Technology Center on OSU’s west campus.
Green put in place included courses in
metallurgy, mechanics and strength of dedicated to materials joining. This students). The welding engineering
materials, machine design, structural material has since been used in cours- program occupies approximately
design, and electrical engineering. es at OSU and other universities, and 35,000 sq ft, including modern labora-
These core areas would form the basis to support continuing education and tories, a student computer laboratory,
of the multidisciplinary curriculum training programs, and formed the faculty and graduate student offices,
that exists today. The curriculum also foundation of an online distance edu- and training facilities.
included a hands-on component that cation program initiated in 2003. The period from 2005 to 2010 saw
allowed students to gain an apprecia- In 1995, the Welding Engineering the retirement of many of the faculty
tion of welding by learning the manual and Industrial and Systems Engineer- hired in the 1970s and 1980s including
skills required — Fig. 1. The first class ing departments were merged into a Dick Richardson, Charles Albright,
of welding engineers graduated in new department — Industrial, Weld- Dave Dickinson, and Chon Tsai. To
1948. Through the 1950s and 1960s, ing, and Systems Engineering — in an manage through this period of change,
Welding Engineering Dept. faculty av- effort to consolidate much of the uni- a transition planning committee was
eraged about three, and the depart- versity’s manufacturing expertise into formed in 2008 led by former chair Karl
ment was heavily dependent on cours- a single department. Shortly after- Graff. The plan that evolved outlined a
es taught by other engineering depart- ward, the welding engineering faculty bold strategy for growth of the research
ments. The MS degree in welding engi- moved to a new laboratory facility on program that would, in turn, support
neering was approved in 1956. OSU’s west campus — Fig. 3. This fa- hiring of new faculty. In 2010, NSF
The late 1970s and early 1980s saw cility, known as the Edison Joining awarded OSU another I/UCRC titled
a dramatic increase in faculty led by Technology Center, colocated the Center for Integrative Materials Join-
Department Chairs Roy McCauley welding engineering program with ing Science for Energy Applications.
(Fig. 2) (1954–1979) and Karl Graff Edison Welding Institute (EWI). This Currently, the eight welding engi-
(1979–1987). This reduced the de- created the largest welding/joining ed- neering faculty (Table 1, Fig. 4) bring a
pendence of the welding engineering ucation and research facility in the diverse portfolio of expertise, experi-
curriculum on courses from other de- western hemisphere with approxi- ence, and national recognition in the
partments and allowed expansion into mately 135,000 sq ft of space and field of welding engineering. Also, in
the areas of nondestructive evalua- more than 300 personnel (including 2010, the program moved from the
tion, robotics, and polymer joining.
The increase in faculty also allowed de-
velopment of a PhD degree, which was
approved in 1985. In 1979, the Na-
tional Science Foundation (NSF)
awarded the department one of the
first Industry/University Cooperative
Research Center (I/UCRC) initiatives,
resulting in a boost in research activity
and an increase in graduate students.
Total faculty in the department grew
to ten — the highest level in its
history.
In 1994, the department received
another large NSF grant to build a
comprehensive education and training
program known as National Excellence
in Materials Joining Education and
Training. Through this program, more
than 10,000 pages of slides and notes
Fig. 4 — Welding engineering faculty and staff (from left): Mark Cooper, Ed Pfeifer,
were created representing the largest
Heather Sever, Ken Copley, Dave Farson, Wei Zhang, David Phillips, Megan Daniels,
single collection of teaching material
John Lippold, Stan Rokhlin, Avi Benatar, Boian Alexandrov, and Menachem Kimchi.

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 53

newly named Integrated Systems En-
gineering Department and merged
with the Materials Science and Engi-
neering Department. This move had
no effect on the welding engineering
curriculum or degree programs, and
has had a positive effect on the
research program within welding
engineering.

Academic Program and

Students
The welding engineering program
at Ohio State is often confused with
an engineering technology program.
As defined on the ABET website, “En-
gineering programs often focus on
theory and conceptual design, while
technology programs usually focus on
application and implementation. Also,
engineering programs typically require
additional, higher level mathematics,
including multiple semesters of calcu-
lus and calculus-based theoretical sci-
ence courses. Engineering technology
programs typically focus on algebra,
trigonometry, applied calculus, and
other courses that are more practical
than theoretical in nature.”
Welding engineering is a rigorous,
complex engineering program that re-
quires students to be proficient in a
broad range of engineering disciplines.
Prior to taking courses in welding en-
gineering, students are required to
take an engineering core that includes
differential calculus, calculus-based
physics, statistics, statics and mechan-
ics of materials, and thermodynamics.
Upon being admitted to the pro-
gram, students (Figs. 5–7) begin a cur-
Fig. 5 — Welding engineering students conducting Gleeble testing.
riculum (Table 2) that is the most in-
terdisciplinary of any in the College of
Engineering, including courses in ma-
terials science, mechanical, electrical,
and industrial engineering. Within the
welding engineering program, stu-
dents take advanced courses in weld-
ing metallurgy that cover materials
ranging from low-alloy and stainless
steels to nonferrous alloys such as
nickel, aluminum, and titanium to
polymers. Welding process courses
emphasize theory and fundamentals
of all the important industrial welding
processes including manual and mech-
anized arc welding, laser and electron
beam welding, solid-state welding, and
resistance welding.
The students develop a thorough
understanding of many electrical con-
cepts in welding such as process con-
trol, and transformer theory and oper-
ation. Welding design courses cover
the principles of important subjects
such as computational modeling, heat
flow, residual stress, fatigue and frac-
ture, and weld design for various load-
ing conditions using industry-stan-
dard codes such as AWS D1.1, Struc-
tural Welding Code — Steel, and ASME
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. Nonde-
structive materials characterization
techniques including X-ray, ultrason-
ics, eddy current, magnetic particle,
and dye penetrant are emphasized.
The fully equipped center provides
students numerous opportunities to
get hands-on experience through a va-
riety of welding process laboratories,
including arc (manual and mecha-
nized), resistance, laser, and solid-
state welding. All students are re-
quired to complete one summer engi-
neering experience, and spend their

Table 1 — Welding Engineering Faculty at The Ohio State University

Faculty Title Area of Focus

Boian Alexandrov Research Associate Professor Welding metallurgy, weldability evaluation,

phase transformation analysis
Avi Benatar Associate Professor Welding of polymers and adhesive bonding,
welding design
Dave Farson Associate Professor Laser and arc welding processes
Menachem Kimchi Lecturer Resistance and solid-state welding processes
John Lippold Professor Stainless steel and nonferrous welding metallurgy,
weldability testing
David Phillips Associate Professor of Practice Welding processes, welding metallurgy
Stan Rokhlin Professor Nondestructive materials characterization
Wei Zhang Associate Professor Modeling and stress analysis

54 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014

entire senior year working on an actu-
al “real-world” engineering project un-
der the guidance of their industry
sponsor.
The academic potential of incoming
students entering Ohio State’s College
of Engineering continues to grow
steadily — Fig. 8. Some indicators of
that improvement are 1) in 2013 the
average composite ACT score for
Columbus campus engineering stu-
dents admitted to Ohio State was 29.5
whereas in 2006 it was 27.6, and 2)
54% of all 2012 incoming freshman
were ranked in the top 10% of their
high school class, and 89% in the
top 25%. This quality is reflected in
the students currently in welding
engineering.

Graduate Programs and
Distance Education
The welding engineering graduate
program has grown significantly in re-
cent years with increased research
Fig. 6 — A student conducts a delayed hydrogen cracking test.
funding and growth in distance educa- qualified students. Like the under-
tion. In addition to the MS and PhD graduate program, the graduate pro-
degrees offered, a fully online MS in gram is math and science based with
welding engineering is available to emphasis on leading and advancing

Table 2 — Undergraduate Welding Engineering Curriculum (does not include general education requirements)

Year Autumn Semester Spring Semester

1 Fundamentals in Engineering I Fundamentals of Engineering II

Calculus I Engineering Mathematics I
Physics I Chemistry for Engineers I

2 Introduction to Materials Science Differential Equations for Engineers

and Engineering Thermodynamics
Engineering Mathematics II Survey of Welding Engineering
Physics II Arc Welding Laboratory
Statistics for Engineers Electrical Circuits and Devices
Statics and Mechanics Computer Programming

3 Structural Transformations in Metals Physical Principles in Welding Processes II

Materials Processing Laboratory (Non-Arc Welding)
Physical Principles in Welding Processes I Welding Metallurgy I
(Arc Welding) Welding Metallurgy Laboratory I
Welding Engineering Design I Welding Design II
Nondestructive Evaluation
Fundamentals of Manufacturing Engineering

4 Industrial Experience Senior Design II

Welding Metallurgy II Engineering Economics
Welding Metallurgy Laboratory II
Senior Design I

Technical Elective Courses Resistance Welding High Energy Density Welding

Adhesive Bonding Solid-State Welding
Weldability Brazing and Soldering
Novel and Hybrid Process Welding Welding of Plastics and Composites
Computational Thermodynamics X-Ray and Ultrasonic NDE
Weld Process Control Robot Programming

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 55

materials joining education and
research.
The MS can be completed with or
without a thesis, and includes a depth
and breadth requirement. For the
depth requirement, students can
choose a sequence of courses in one of
the following areas: welding processes,
metallurgy, design, nondestructive
evaluation, and joining of plastics and
composites. For the breadth require-
ment, they take one course (usually
the first introductory course) in the
remaining four areas that they have
not selected for their specialization. In
addition, they can typically take one or
two technical electives that can be out-
side welding engineering. Most on-
campus MS students select the thesis
option, while nearly all distance stu-
dents select the nonthesis option.
However, even the nonthesis option Fig. 7 — Modeling of stress on a weld test coupon.
includes a smaller culminating open-
ended independent study project. ter, and complete the program in not ranked separately, the Materials
The PhD in welding engineering is about three years. Science and Engineering Dept. was
usually pursued by students who al- As previously noted, enrollment in ranked 18th in the most recent U.S.
ready have or recently acquired an MS the welding engineering graduate pro- News and World Report Graduate
degree in welding engineering or an- grams has increased significantly in re- School rankings. The College of Engi-
other engineering discipline. With spe- cent years. With increased research neering, with the only online degree
cial approval by the Welding Engineer- funding, on-campus enrollment is at being the MS in welding engineering,
ing Graduate Studies Committee, ex- about 35, split nearly evenly between was ranked 23rd in the most recent
ceptional students can proceed direct- MS and PhD students. With the U.S. News and World Report Best On-
ly from a BS in engineering to the PhD change to semesters and reduced cost line Graduate Engineering Programs
program. The PhD program includes a for online courses, enrollment of on- rankings.
sequence of courses specializing in one line MS students is at an all-time high
of the following areas: welding
processes, metallurgy, design, nonde-
with approximately 35 students ac-
tively enrolled in the MS program and
Research Activities
structive evaluation, and joining of 12 students exploring the program by
plastics and composites. In addition, Since the 1970s, research has been
taking courses as graduate nondegree an important component of the pro-
students select one of the remaining students. While welding engineering is
areas for a minor (fewer courses) and gram. Early faculty including Clarence
another minor outside welding engi-
neering related to their research work.
The PhD dissertation is an extensive
body of research work that advances
the knowledge in materials joining or
allied field.
The online web-based MS in weld-
ing engineering was established in
2003 to expand the availability of a
welding engineering education to a
wider audience. Online courses were
first offered in the 1998–99 academic
years and have grown to the point
where nearly all graduate courses are
now available online. In addition, the
faculty in the Materials Science and
Engineering Dept. have added online
course offerings specifically for weld-
ing engineering distance education
students. The program is designed for
engineering professionals who typical-
ly take one or two courses per semes- Fig. 8 — ACT scores of incoming Ohio State engineering students since 2002.

56 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014

Jackson and Robert McMaster helped
establish the university in the welding
research arena and many were to fol-
low. In the early years, research at
Ohio State tended to focus on process
technology, while programs at Rensse-
laer Polytechnic Institute and Lehigh
University were known for metallurgy
and mechanical behavior, respectively.
The establishment of the NSFI/
UCRC in 1979 and the expansion of
faculty in the late 1970s and early
1980s broadened and expanded weld-
ing research at Ohio State. While the
welding process area remained a
strong focus, there was significant
growth in the areas of welding metal-
lurgy and nondestructive evaluation.
The current research program with-
in welding engineering encompasses a
number of technical areas with weld-
ing metallurgy, weldability, and
process modeling among the strongest
of these programs. Annual funding for
research performed by welding engi-
neering faculty and staff is on the or-
der of $2 million/year, supporting the
approximately 35 on-campus graduate
students.
The centerpiece of current research
activities is the NSF I/UCRC for Inte-
grative Materials Joining Science for
Energy Applications. This center was
established in 2010 in conjunction
with Lehigh University, Colorado
School of Mines, and the University of
Wisconsin, with Ohio State serving as
the lead organization. The I/UCRC
concept uses NSF “seed funding” to
develop a technology roadmap and at-
tract organizations (industrial compa-
nies, national labs, research centers)
who pay an annual membership fee.
The members select the research top-
ics and the results are shared among
the member organizations.
Under the leadership of Dr. S.
Suresh Babu, its first director, the cen-
ter grew rapidly and reached 20 mem-
ber organizations in the first two
years. The center currently has more
than 30 members and is one of the
largest of the NSF I/UCRCs (70th per-
centile in number of members, 75th
Table 3 — Recent Undergraduate Enrollment in The Ohio State University’s Welding Engineering Program
2009
WeldEng PreMajors 35
WeldEng Majors 60
WeldEng Total 95
percentile in membership revenue).
Total funding has exceeded $5 million,
of which roughly 75% comes from the
member organizations. It currently
supports more than 25 graduate stu-
dents and a number of postdocs at the
four universities.
Research activities are grouped
around five thrust areas: Materials De-
velopment, Joining Dissimilar Materi-
als, Weldability and Life Extension, In-
tegrated Process Modeling, and Inno-
vative Process Control. A new thrust
area in Additive Manufacturing is be-
ing launched this year.
In addition to the I/UCRC, consid-
erable research is ongoing through a
combination of federal and industrial
funding. In particular, there are a
number of research projects that sup-
port the power-generation and petro-
chemical industries. These include
group-sponsored projects investigat-
ing failure mechanisms in welded tub-
ing for coal-fired power plant applica-
tions, the use of cold metal transfer
welding technology for cladding opera-
tions, and dissimilar joining of steels
to stainless steels and Ni-based alloys.
The Department of Energy, National
Institute of Standards and Testing,
and Electric Power Research Institute
support other large programs. Total
research funding in welding engineer-
ing at Ohio State is at the highest
level in its history, and the average
funding per faculty (~$400,000/year)
is among the highest in the College of
Engineering.
Welding Engineering
Careers
The ABET website also provides
some general insight regarding career
paths for graduates of engineering
programs vs. technology programs:
“Graduates from engineering pro-
grams are called engineers. They often
pursue entry-level work involving con-
ceptual design or research and devel-
opment. Many continue on to gradu-
ate level work in engineering. Gradu-
2010 2011 2012
26 45 49
47 47 51
73 92 100
ates of four-year technology programs
are called technologists, while gradu-
ates of two-year engineering technolo-
gy programs are called technicians.
These professions are most likely to
enter positions in sectors such as con-
struction, manufacturing, product de-
sign, testing, or technical services and
sales. Those who pursue further study
consider engineering, facilities man-
agement, or business administration.”
The emphasis on fundamentals and
engineering principles develops criti-
cal problem-solving and decision-
making skills that graduates can uti-
lize throughout their careers. The di-
verse curriculum prepares students for
a wide range of possible careers. Over
a recent five-year period, graduates
have been hired by more than 50 dif-
ferent companies in industry sectors
that include nuclear, petrochemical,
automotive, medical, aerospace, power
generation, and heavy equipment. In
the 2012/2013 academic year, the av-
erage starting salary (approximately
$64,000) for students with a BS in
Welding Engineering was ranked high-
est in Ohio State’s College of Engineer-
ing. The number of welding engineer-
ing jobs continues to be significantly
greater than the supply of welding
engineers.
The Future
The program is arguably at the
strongest position in its history. The
record number of undergraduate stu-
dents (Table 3), a vibrant research
portfolio, and a thriving distance edu-
cation program are all indicators of the
current strength of the program. The
program is internationally recognized
in the field of materials joining and
has achieved the stature of other suc-
cessful programs, such as those at
Harbin Institute of Technology in Chi-
na, Osaka University in Japan, and
Aachen University in Germany.
The NSF I/UCRC continues to ex-
pand. Membership is expected to grow
to more than 40 companies by 2015
and new initiatives in manufacturing
2013 2014
74 86
69 105
143 191
OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 57
 will greatly expand the center’s research
base. It enters Phase II in 2015, which
guarantees NSF support for an addi-
tional five years. On its current path,
this center will eventually become the
platform to obtain larger federal and in-
dustrial grants focused on materials
joining and manufacturing.
At the college level, there has been
a renewed interest in manufacturing.
Ohio State’s competitive advantage in
the manufacturing research arena
comes, in part, from its unique
strength in materials joining. The uni-
versity, in partnership with EWI and
the University of Michigan, recently
won a competition to establish a new
center as part of the National Network
for Manufacturing Innovation. This
center, the American Lightweight Ma-
terials Manufacturing Innovation In-
stitute, will support projects that
strive to introduce more lightweight
materials into the transportation in-
dustries. Materials joining has been
identified as one of the key enabling
technologies in this endeavor. It is an-
ticipated that this center will help fos-
ter closer collaboration between Ohio
State’s welding engineering program
and EWI.
The mission of the program moving
forward will be to continue to graduate
highly qualified welding engineers
who are well prepared for a wide range
of engineering challenges. With the
extreme demand for welding engi-
neers combined with growth in both
student enrollment and research fund-
ing, the future of the program appears
strong. But whereas the uniqueness of
the program offers obvious advan-
tages, it’s important to point out that
this attribute has the potential to
weaken its stability as those outside
the program often ask, “What is Weld-
ing Engineering?” or “Why Welding
Engineering?” In this regard, the ongo-
ing support of both alumni and organ-
izations who hire Ohio State welding
engineers will be critical to the contin-
ued success of the program. WJ
For info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index

DAVID PHILLIPS (phillips.176@osu.edu) is

associate professor of practice, AVI BE-
NATAR is associate professor, and JOHN C.
LIPPOLD is professor, Welding Engineering,
The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.

See us at FABTECH booth C2222

58 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014

For Info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index
See us at FABTECH booth C2744/C2944
FABTECH
General Attendance Information
FABTECH Heads to Atlanta
FABTECH heads to Atlanta, Ga., November 11–13, 2014,
bringing together an anticipated 27,000 attendees and 1400
exhibiting companies all under one roof. The show provides
a backdrop for visitors to experience live equipment demon-
strations, find cost-saving solutions, and network with in-
dustry peers throughout the 500,000+ square feet of show
floor in the A, B, and C buildings at the Georgia World Con-
gress Center. The event also provides learning opportunities
beyond the exhibits with more than 100 educational ses-
sions and expert-led presentations on the latest industry
trends and technology in the metal forming, fabricating,
welding, and finishing industries.
Show Location
Georgia World Congress Ctr.
285 Andrew Young International Blvd. NW
Atlanta, GA 30313
gwcc.com
Show Dates and Hours
Tuesday, November 11, 10:00 a.m. – 6:00 p.m.
Wednesday, November 12, 9:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m.
Thursday, November 13, 9:00 a.m. – 4:00 p.m.
62 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014
Registration
• Exhibit-only attendance is FREE through November 7,
2014.
• Beginning November 8, the cost to attend the exhibits is
$50.
• FMA, SME, AWS, PMA, and CCAI members may always at-
tend the exhibits for FREE with a valid member card.
• Register today online at fabtechexpo.com, or download a
printer-friendly registration form from the website and fax
to (508) 743-9696.
• No one under the age of 16 will be admitted.
Conference Cancellation Policy
Cancellations must be made in writing and faxed to Attn:
FABTECH Conference Cancellation at (313) 425-3407 no
later than October 28, 2014, to receive a full refund minus a
$50 administrative fee. Cancellations received after this date
are nonrefundable.
Transportation
• From the Airport: Shuttles are available to most downtown
hotels, MARTA rail and buses, and taxis.
• Public Transportation: MARTA buses, and rapid railways.
• Taxis are plentiful downtown.
• Many of Atlanta’s attractions are within walking distance
to most downtown hotels.
FABTECH 2014 is Mobile!
The official FABTECH 2014 mobile app is designed to en-
hance your show experience. The app puts important show
information in the palm of your hand so you can access it
anytime, anywhere. Search exhibitors, navigate the show
floor, view and build your schedule, and stay connected via
social media.
The app is available for iPhone, iPad, Android, and other
web browser-enabled devices.
Features Include:
• Searchable exhibitor list that makes it easy to find compa-
nies and products
• Interactive maps so you can visually browse the exhibit
floor
• Agenda planner you can use to create a list of must-see
exhibits
• A full schedule of sessions and events and the ability to add
to your planner
• Real-time alerts that remind you of what’s happening at
the show
• Easy access to the event’s social media channels
• Atlanta information with dining options and things to do
• And much more.
 FABTECH

FABTECH Hotel Accommodations development for FANUC – FA America, as well as the chair-
man of the Fabricators and Manufacturers Association,
Hotel Name Distance to
Intl.’s Industrial Laser Council. Kautzmann is an expert in
Convention
crossover training, structuring, and encouraging employees
Center
to produce great work. She became involved in her profes-
Hilton Atlanta (AWS HQ) 8.0 Blocks sion while watching her father work on lasers; at the age of
Hyatt Regency Atlanta 6.0 Blocks nine, she built her first laser. She attributes her success to
Atlanta Marriott Marquis 6.0 Blocks resilience and determination and was one of the 2014 STEP
Ahead award winners for women in manufacturing by the
Atlanta Marriott Suites Midtown 2.0 Miles Manufacturing Institute.
Crowne Plaza Atlanta Midtown 7.0 Blocks Prayer Breakfast Speaker
DoubleTree by Hilton Atlanta Downtown 5.0 Blocks Dennis K. Eck has serviced the welding supply industry for
Ellis Hotel 0.1 Miles nearly 34 years within the Texas market. Eck was partner
and VP Sales for 10 years with National Alloy & Equipment
Holiday Inn Atlanta Downtown 3.0 Blocks in the Houston market prior to selling to Praxair in 2011.
Holiday Inn Exp. Hotel and Suites ATL DT 3.0 Blocks He is currently general sales manager for Praxair and has
Omni Hotel at CNN Center 1.0 Block supplied the South & Central Texas market for the past 21⁄2
years. Eck has an extensive history spanning 24 years with
Renaissance Atlanta Midtown 2.2 Miles the AWS Houston Section. He has been involved with sever-
Ritz-Carlton Atlanta 5.0 Blocks al committees, and has served as secretary, treasurer, and
Sheraton Atlanta Hotel 1.5 Miles 2nd Vice Chair, 1st Vice Chair, and Section chairman for
three terms. He is also a member of the AWS Membership
W Atlanta Downtown 1.0 Mile Committee.
Westin Peachtree Plaza 4.0 Blocks Special Music Soloist
Courtyard Atlanta Downtown 8.0 Blocks Jeremiah Landon is in his second year as Choral Music Di-
Glenn Hotel 0.3 Miles rector at Ft. Madison High School in Ft. Madison, Iowa. Jer-
emiah has served several years as a worship leader in his
Hampton Inn and Suites Atlanta Downtown 6.0 Blocks church and is the son of 2015 AWS President-elect David
Embassy Suites Centennial Olympic Park Adjacent Landon.
Hilton Garden Inn Atlanta Downtown 1.0 Block
7:00 a.m. – 7:30 a.m.
For travel information visit fabtechexpo.com/accommodations Singing while Attendees Eat Breakfast
• Save on Hotels* — Best Rates Guaranteed. Jeremiah Landon
• Airline, car rental discounts, and more. 7:30 a.m. – 7:45 a.m.
• Book through FABTECH to get access to FREE shuttle bus Welcome, Opening Prayer, and Speaker
service to and from show hotels.
Introduction
* Reserve your room through Travel Planners, the only
Liz Kautzmann
official housing provider for FABTECH.
7:45 a.m. – 8:30 a.m.
Speaker Dennis Eck
FABTECH Bistro
Reserve a seat at the FABTECH Bistro and you will always
have a convenient place to eat, meet, and network. The Tuesday, November 11
Bistro offers assorted menu options including fresh and
healthy lunch options, international cuisine and regional fa- 9:00 a.m. – 11:00 a.m.
vorites — all at a reasonable price. Pre-purchase your indi- IIW International Welding Engineer/International
vidual lunch tickets to avoid the lines. Find the daily menu,
pricing, and order tickets at fabtechbistro.com.
Welding Technologist Diploma (Free) Room C106
The American Welding Society and the National Center for
Welding Education & Training (Weld-Ed) are partnering
Special Programs with Gesellschaft fur Schweisstechnik International (Ger-
man Welding Institute, GSI) to offer classes leading to the
Monday, November 10 IIW International Welding Engineer and International Weld-
ing Technologist diplomas in the U.S. This session will pro-
7:00 a.m. – 8:30 a.m. vide information about the diplomas and candidate require-
ments, as well as details on the courses being planned that
AWS Prayer Breakfast Room C201 will blend Internet-delivered training with classroom train-
Registration Code: W39 ing over the next two summers.
Emcee Elizabeth Kautzmann is a manager of laser business

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 63

FABTECH
2:00 p.m. – 3:00 p.m.
AWS Education Program (Free) Room C209
Registration Code: W41
This one-hour session will provide a brief overview of new
AWS educational initiatives and products including Ameri-
can Welding Online and the AWS virtual classroom. After
the presentation, AWS Education Services staff will be avail-
able to answer questions.
Tuesday, November 11 –
Thursday, November 13
Thermal Spray Demonstration Booth A2927
The International Thermal Spray Association will be hosting
a live demonstration of the twin wire arc thermal spray
process hourly in the Hall A Demonstration Area. Thermal
spray is a low-temperature method for applying thin metal-
lic and ceramic coatings to metal and nonmetal parts for
surface enhancement and restoration. The demonstration
will include the robotic application of pure zinc metal to a
variety of objects, including your own paper business cards.
Twin wire arc is one of several thermal spray technologies
available. In the twin wire process, two wires with opposite
electrical charge are fed into each other to create an arc,
melting the metal. A compressed air jet immediately behind
the arc sprays the molten metal forward onto the work-
piece. Using this process, it is possible to spray as much as
100 pounds of zinc per hour. Also, visit exhibitors in the
Thermal Spray Pavilion Aisle C1000 to learn more about
thermal spray equipment and coating service providers.
64 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014
AWS 2014 Robotic Arc Welding Contest Hall A,
Booth A2825
Robotic welding technicians will compete to win free train-
ing and examination for the Certified Robotic Arc Welding
(CRAW) Operator or Technician certification. Competition
will include a timed written test and a challenging exercise
with a live welding robot. The first-place winner will receive
AWS CRAW training and the complimentary opportunity to
sit for an actual CRAW certification exam.
Who Should Compete?
Individuals at least 19 years old, have a state or military ap-
proved high school equivalency, and have three or more
years of experience in welding or robotics, with one year ex-
perience as a welder, including at least six months of experi-
ence in manual or semiautomatic welding.
To Enter the Contest
Register for the contest at the Robotic Welders Contest
booth on the show floor, Tuesday and Wednesday, or by
submitting an application (application available at
www.aws.org/certification/CRAW) by email to
crawcontest@aws.org. Applications submitted by email must
be received by no later than Friday, October 24, 2014.
Registration and Competition Hours
Tuesday, November 11
10:00 a.m. – 6:00 p.m. (registration and competition)
Wednesday, November 12
9:00 a.m. – 2:00 p.m. (registration and competition)
Wednesday, November 12

4:00 p.m. (awards)
Thursday, November 13
9:00 a.m. – 4:00 p.m. (robotic demonstrations all day)
AWS U.S. Invitational Weld Trials Booth A3145
Tuesday, November 11
8:00 a.m. – 6:00 p.m.
Wednesday, November 12
8:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m.
Thursday, November 13
8:00 a.m. – 12:00 noon
The AWS U.S. Invitational Weld Trials is a part of the AWS
selection process to choose the TeamUSA welding competi-
tor for the 43rd WorldSkills Competition in São Paulo,
Brazil, in August 2015. Six of the top USA finalists will com-
pete for the top three positions as the selection process con-
tinues after the AWS U.S. Invitational Weld Trials. Medals
will be awarded to all of the top finishers as six additional
international competitors have been invited to join the tri-
als. Only the highest three U.S. competitors will be eligible
to become the TeamUSA welder, but the international com-
petitors will be eligible to receive medals from the AWS U.S.
Invitational Weld Trials. Come see the future global welding
workforce in action all week.
Wednesday, November 12
1:00 p.m. – 2:00 p.m.
The Road to ATC Status (Free) Room C212
Learn how schools and facilities can (and should) be accred-
ited by AWS as an Approved Testing Center (ATC) to certify
robotic arc welding personnel via the CRAW program.
Thursday, November 13
7:00 a.m. – 6:00 p.m.
AWS Certification Exams Room C301/C302
Advance application required. Take the exam to certify as a
CWI, CWE, CWS, CWSR, SCWI, CWEng, or test for endorse-
ments. Call 1-800-443-9353 ext. 273, or go to
www. aws.org/certification for details on the certification and
registration requirements for each of these programs.
AWS Society Events
Monday, November 10
9:00 a.m. – 12:00 noon
AWS Opening Session and
Annual Business Meeting Room C202­204
During the AWS Opening Session and the 95th Annual Busi-
ness Meeting, 2014 AWS President Dean Wilson will give
the Presidential Report and Dave Landon will be inducted as
the AWS President for 2015. Following the induction, the
2014 Class of AWS Counselors and Fellows will also be in-
FABTECH
troduced. This meeting is open to all AWS Members and
show registrants.
10:30 a.m. – 11:30 a.m.
Comfort A. Adams Lecture Rooms C202­204
The Comfort A. Adams lecture this year is titled “Four
Decades of Research in Developing Computational Weld
Mechanics at Carleton University” by John C. Goldak. John
Goldak is Distinguished Research Professor and Lifetime
Emeritus Professor. He has a PhD in physical metallurgy
from the University of Alberta. Since 1965, he has been a
professor at Carleton University. From 1993 to 1997, he
held the NSERC-MRCO Industrial Research Chair in High
Pressure Die Casting. Internationally, he is best known for
his research in the computational mechanics of welds. In
particular, he is recognized for the development of a heat
source model for arc welds that is widely known as the Dou-
ble Ellipsoid Weld Pool Model. In 2011, The Welding Science
and Engineering Conference created “The Pioneers of Com-
putational Weld Mechanics’ Award” to honor the contribu-
tions of Professor Yukio Ueda, Osaka, Japan, and John
Goldak in the development of computational weld mechan-
ics. Goldak is a member of the Canadian Academy of Engi-
neering. He is founder and president of Goldak Technologies
Inc. (GTI), a company dedicated to developing software for
design-driven analysis of welded structures. GTI was award-
ed the John S. Hewitt Team Achievement Award by the
Canadian Nuclear Society in 2011 as a major player for its
computational weld mechanics analysis that contributed to
the successful repair of AECL’s NRU reactor in 2009.
6:30 p.m.
AWS Officers/Presidents/Counterparts Reception
The Hilton Atlanta
This reception is held annually during the show and is
open to all registrants. Take advantage of this opportunity
to meet the AWS Officers, and network with members and
prospects. A complimentary hors d’oeuvres buffet is includ-
ed, along with a cash bar. Evening business attire, please.
Tuesday, November 11
12:00 noon – 2:00 p.m.
AWS Awards/
AWS Foundation Luncheon Room C202­204
As the Society and the industry it serves have grown, so has
the need to recognize outstanding scientists, engineers, ed-
ucators, and researchers. Join an assembly of distinguished
award presenters, recipients, and guests for a well-paced cer-
emony and a delicious lunch. The cost for attending the cer-
emony is $30 and is open to all registrants. Tickets will also
be available at the door.
2:00 p.m. – 3:00 p.m.
AWS National Nominating Committee –
Open Meeting Room C207
AWS Members are requested to submit their recommenda-
tions for National Officers to serve during 2016. Nomina-
OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 65
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tions must be accompanied by 16 copies of biographical ma-
terial on each candidate, including a written statement by
the candidate as to his/her willingness and ability to serve if
nominated and elected.
Wednesday, November 12
10:00 a.m. – 10:30 a.m.
R.D. Thomas, Jr.,
International Lecture Room C212
The recipient of this year’s R.D. Thomas, Jr., Award is Dr. Beate
Rickes. Dr. Rickes obtained her Dipl.-Ing. and Dr. rer. nat. from
the University of Stuttgart. Her scientific work for both these
papers was carried out in the Powder Metallurgical Laboratory
of the Max Planck Institute of Material Science. Dr. Rickes
earned her European Welding Engineer diploma in 1994.
Since 1998, she has been actively involved in standardiza-
tion work and is the current chair of CEN/TC121, Welding
and allied processes, CEN/ TC 121/WG 3, Welding consum-
ables, and ISO/ TC44/SC3, Welding consumables. She is a
member of the German delegation to ISO/TC44, Welding
and allied processes, and the ISO/TC44-IIW-CEN/TC121
coordination committee.
In 2006, she was awarded the rarely conferred honorary
plaque of the Standards Committee for Welding by the
German National Standards Institute, DIN.
10:30 a.m. (immediately following the R.D. Thomas, Jr.,
International Lecture)
American Council of IIW Room C212
American Council of the IIW, meeting of the U.S. member
body of the International Institute of Welding.
12:00 noon – 2:00 p.m.
Image of Welding
Awards Ceremony Room C202­204
The best and brightest stars in the welding industry will be
honored for their outstanding industry achievements at the
12th Annual Image of Welding Awards. Presented by AWS
and WEMCO, a standing committee of AWS, the Image of
Welding Awards is the industry’s top honors saluting the
year’s most outstanding public initiatives and programs that
promote the image of welding. By invitation only. This year,
the Image of Welding Awards Ceremony will be held in con-
junction with the AWS Section Appreciation Lunch.
Keynote Presentations
Free and Open To All Attendees
Tuesday, November 11
9:00 a.m. – 10:00 a.m.
Creating U.S. Jobs and Bringing Thomas Murphy
Manufacturing Home Ballroom
Speaker: Cindi Marsiglio, Vice President, U.S. Manufacturing,
Walmart
Walmart has committed to spending $250 billion dollars
over the next decade on U.S.-made products. This effort will
create thousands of manufacturing jobs across the United
States and will create new business for both existing and
new Walmart suppliers. Walmart is currently working to en-
gage hundreds of suppliers and manufacturers with specific
states in an effort to overcome the complex challenges of
bringing these valuable jobs back to the United States. This
presentation will look at why this work is extremely impor-
tant, both in terms of rebuilding the middle class and pro-
viding customers with the best possible prices and quality.
12:30 p.m. – 1:30 p.m.
Bridging the Manufacturing Skills Gap
with Veterans Room C101
There is a high demand for people to fill skilled manufactur-
ing jobs in the U.S. and companies are challenged to find the
right candidates for their open positions. At the same time,
thousands of veterans and National Guard members are ex-
iting military service looking for civilian careers. This ses-
sion will discuss the gap between available jobs and the
highly skilled veterans with desirable leadership qualities
seeking employment. Learn about the organizations and re-
sources available to connect both sides and how veterans
could be the key to bridging the skills gap.

NETWORKING EVENT
Wednesday, November 12
5:30 p.m. – 7:30 p.m.
FABTECH Industry Night
Location: College Football Hall of Fame
Join your industry colleagues for a night you won’t soon forget! Enjoy food and drinks while
connecting with old friends and new peers at the brand new College Football Hall of Fame in
Atlanta, within walking distance to the Georgia World Congress Center. We expect this to be
a sold-out event so be sure to purchase your tickets early when you register!
Advance tickets for FABTECH attendees are $50 and includes admission to the College
Football Hall of Fame, customized experience to your favorite college team, cocktails, and
hors d’oeuvres. (Tickets are $75 if purchased after November 7.) Final details at
fabtechexpo.com/industrynight.

66 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014

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Moderator: Shane Hicks, VP Global Talent, EPICOR Thursday, November 13

Panel: Michael J. Aroney, Principal Consultant, Allied Reliability
Group; Joseph C. Barto III, Founder and President, Consulting &
Training TMG, Inc.; Steve Nowlan, President and CEO, Center
for America; Hernán Luis y Prado, President, Workshops for
Warriors
Wednesday, November 12
8:30 a.m. – 9:30 a.m.
Be The Best You Can Be Thomas Murphy
Ballroom
Speaker: Rocky Bleier
Four-time Super Bowl Champion and Vietnam War veteran,
Rocky Bleier motivates audiences to keep on striving for
greater accomplishments. Rocky sees parallels between the
challenges he faced in the past and the challenges all business
people face in today’s crowded, competitive marketplace. His
dynamic presentation, using real-life stories with a warm,
self-reflective humor, will provide attendees with the drive to
achieve their goals and improve their business. Don’t fumble
away the opportunity to hear his inspiring message.
12:30 p.m. – 1:30 p.m.
8:30 a.m. – 9:30 a.m.
Transforming Your Manufacturing Business
for the New Digital Age Thomas Murphy
Ballroom
Speaker: Mike Walton, Head of Manufacturing,
Google Enterprise
It’s an exciting time to be a manufacturer. Everyday objects
like appliances, watches, cars, and equipment are increasing-
ly connected in an “Internet of things,” which means the op-
portunity to create new products is practically unlimited.
But if you don’t innovate quickly, someone else will beat you
to it. In this presentation, you’ll learn how to accelerate new
product initiatives and time to profit using the latest digital
technology and tools. You’ll find out how to improve collab-
oration across departments and your entire value chain. And
you’ll learn how to maximize lean processes and operational
efficiency with organization-wide access to consistent and
up-to-date information at all times.
Steve Garbiso, an AWS member, welds
pipe outside of downtown Atlanta.

State of the Industry

Executive Outlook Room C101
The notable rebound of U.S. manufacturing activity has
raised the question of whether the sector might be experi-
encing a renaissance or just an uptick. Drivers such as
healthcare costs, labor, government regulations, energy
prices, and exchange rates are just some of the factors im-
pacting many of the businesses that attend FABTECH. Hear
manufacturing industry leaders who are faced with the same
issues discuss how they navigate these challenges to remain
competitive in today’s economy. Join an interactive Q & A
afterward to ask questions and offer your perspective on the
future of the industry. Walk away with new insights that will
guide your business decisions for 2015 and beyond.
Moderator: Edwin Stanley, VP Sales and Finance, GH Metal
Solutions
Panel: Todd Henry, Operations Manager, Caterpillar, Inc.
Dave Whelan, SVP Supply Chain, Bluebird Corp.

Schedule at a Glance

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Welding Show 2014 Professional Program
Pick and choose between concurrent sessions for
the latest in welding research and commercial
developments. Pay by the day or attend the
entire four­day program, with special discounts
for students and members of AWS, FMA, SME,
PMA, or CCAI.
4­day Professional Program Member: $225,
Nonmember: $310 Registration Code W32
4­day Student Professional Program Member:
$75, Nonmember: $90 Registration Code W33
1­day Professional Program Member: $150,
Nonmember: $235
Monday Registration W28, Tuesday Registration
W29, Wednesday Registration W30, Thursday
Registration W31
Monday, November 10
1:00 p.m. – 5:30 p.m.
SESSION 1: Room C210
WELDING METALLURGY AND WELDABILITY ISSUES
Chair: Prof. B. A. Chin, Auburn University and Dr. J. Caron,
Haynes International, Inc.
A. 1:00 p.m. “Microstructural Evolution in a 304L Heat
Affected Zone”
Lisa Deibler, Arthur Brown, and
Lauren Beghini, Sandia National
Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM
B. 1:30 p.m. “The Weld Metal Microfissuring Mechanism
in an Fe­Ni­Co­Cr Alloy”
Jeremy Caron, Haynes International, Inc.,
Kokomo, IN
C. 2:00 p.m. “Susceptibility to Hydrogen Assisted Cracking
in Grade T12, T22, T23, and T24 Creep­
Resistant Steels”
Joseph Steiner, Xiuli Feng, Boian T.
Alexandrov, and John C. Lippold, The Ohio
State University, Columbus, OH
D. 2:30 p.m. “Deformation­Induced Martensite in
Austenitic Stainless Steel Welds”
Jeffrey Rodelas, Michael C. Maguire, and
Joseph R. Michael, Sandia National
Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM
E. 3:00 p.m. “Weldability of Modern, Advanced High
Strength Steels Using Implant Testing with
Hydrogen Charging”
Ali H. AlShawaf and Stephen Liu, Colorado
School of Mines, Golden, CO
72 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014
F. 3:30 p.m. “Effect of Cr on Eutectic Phase Formation
and Solidification Temperature Range in
Ni­Cr­Ta and Ni­Cr­Nb System”
Xiuli Feng, Adam Hope, and John C. Lippold,
The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
G. 4:00 p.m. “Spin Effect on Wavy Interface in Explosive
Spin­Impact Welding of Copper to Low
Carbon Steel”
Jianping He, Steve R. Best, Howard C. Wikle,
and Bryan A. Chin, Auburn University, AL
H. 4:30 p.m. “Stress­Relief Cracking in Creep­Resistant
Steel Welds”
Katie Strader, Xiuli Feng, Boian T. Alexander,
and John C. Lippold, The Ohio State
University, Columbus, OH
I. 5:00 p.m. “Titanium Effect on Weld Microstructure
and Mechanical Properties”
Hee Jin Kim and Young-min Kim, KITECH,
Inchon, South Korea Kangmyung Seo,
Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
1:00 p.m. – 5:00 p.m.
SESSION 2: Room C211
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WELDMENTS
Chair: Dr. Z. Feng, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
A. 1:00 p.m. “Effect of Subsequent Passes on the
Mechanical Properties of the Root Pass of
an API 5l X80 Steel Pipe Weld”
Mario Iacono, Jaime C. Soeiro Jr., and
Sergio Duarte Brandi, Universidade de
São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
B. 1:30 p.m. “Characterization of Multiple Welding Cycles
on the Mechanical Properties of Titanium
Alloys”
Andrew Deceuster and Mark Baugh,
Weber State University, Ogden, UT
C. 2:00 p.m. “The Effect of Nickel on Strength and
Toughness in High­Strength Low­Alloy
(HSLA) Submerged Arc Welding (SAW)
Multiple­Pass Welds”
Kin-Ling Sham and Stephen Liu, Colorado
School of Mines, Golden, CO
D. 2:30 p.m. “Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical
Properties of the Simulated Heat­Affected
Zones in Precipitation Hardened Stainless
Steels 17­4, 17­4+Co, and 13­8+Mo”
Robert Hamlin and John DuPont,
Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA

E. 3:00 PM “The Effect of Precipitate Evolution on
Toughness of 2.25Cr­1Mo Steel Submerged
Arc Welds”
Soumya Moham and John Lippold,
The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH;
Badri Narayanan, Shenjia Zhang, and
Teresa Melfi, Lincoln Electric, Cleveland, OH
F. 3:30 p.m. “Mechanical Properties and Microstructural
Evolution of Thermally Simulated Eglin Steel”
Brett Leister and John DuPont, Lehigh
University, Bethlehem, PA
G. 4:00 p.m. “Comparison of Longitudinal Mechanical
Properties of Nitronic 40 Electron Beam
Welded and Laser Beam Welds”
Erik Pfeif, Stephen Liu, Dan Javernick, and
David Olson, Colorado School of Mines,
Golden, CO
H. 4:30 p.m. “Full­field Creep Deformation Measurement
in Grade 91 Steel Weldments”
Xinghua Yu, Yukinori Yamamoto, and
Zhili Feng, Oak Ridge National Laboratory,
Oak Ridge, TN
1:00 p.m. – 5:30 p.m.
SESSION 3: Room C212
ADVANCES IN ARC WELDING PROCESSES
Chair: Dr. Ian Harris, EWI, and Prof. Z. Yu, Colorado School
of Mines
A. 1:00 p.m. “Spattering Measurement during GMA
Welding of Austenitic and Duplex Stainless
Steels”
Thonson Ferreira Costa, Diandro Bailoni
Fernandes, Edmundo Benedetti Filho,
Carolina Pimenta Mota, and Louriel Oliveira
Vilaninho, Federal University of Uberlândia,
Uberlândia, Brazil
B. 1:30 p.m. “Evolution in Laser Enhanced GMAW:
Combine Laser Irradiation and Droplet
Oscillation”
Jun Xiao, Harbin Institute of Technology,
Harbin, China, and YuMing Zhang,
University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
C. 2:00 p.m. “Correlation between Metallic Transfer
Stability in Short­Circuit Mode with Process
Performance for MIG/MAG Positional
Welding”
Diandro Bailoni Fernandes and Louriel
Oliveira Vilarinho, Federal University of
Uberlandia, Uberlândia, Brazil
D. 2:30 p.m. “Controlled Waveform, Low­Heat Input
GMAW for Reduced Distortion in
Shipbuilding Applications”
Jeff Farren and Gene Franke, Naval Surface
Warfare Center, Carderock Division,
W. Bethesda, MD
FABTECH
E. 3:00 p.m. “Extending Thickness Capability for Keyhole
Plasma Arc Welding”
Ian Harris and Adam Uziel, EWI, Columbus,
OH
F. 3:30 p.m. “Correlation between Superficial Aspect of
Weld Beads and Regularity of Short­Circuit
GMAW for Austenitic and Duplex Stainless
Steels”
Thonson Ferreira Costa, Carolina Pimenta
Mota, Marcus Vinicius Ribeiro Machado, and
Louriel Oliveira Vilarinho, Federal University
of Uberlândia, Uberlandia, Brazil
G. 4:00 p.m. “Hybrid Induction Arc Welding (HIAW), an
Innovative New Welding Process for Reduced
Distortion and Increased Productivity”
Jerry Jones, Valerie L. Rhoades, and
Todd Holverson, EnergynTech, Inc.,
Lakewood, CO
H. 4:30 p.m. “GTA Welding of Cast Bronze with Stainless
Steel”
Nathan Switzner, Zhenzhen Yu, Stephen Liu,
and Tony Workman, Colorado School of
Mines, Golden, CO
I. 5:00 p.m. “Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) Welding of
Dissimilar Materials”
Rui Cao and Jianhong Chen, Lanzhou
University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
Pei-Chung Wang, GM Global Research and
Development Center, Warren, MI
Tuesday, November 11
8:00 a.m. – 12 noon
SESSION 4: Room C210
CIMJSEA WELDING METALLURGY AND WELDABILITY
Chair: Prof. John C. Lippold and Dr. Boian Alexandrov,
The Ohio State University
A. 8:00 a.m. “Ferritic and Austenitic Welds in High
Strength Steels: Metallurgical
Characterization and Weldability Evaluation”
Matthew Duffey, Boian Alexandrov, and
John Lawmon, The Ohio State University,
Columbus, OH
B. 8:30 a.m. “Evaluation of Solidification Cracking
Susceptibility in High Chromium, Ni­Base
Filler Metals Using the Cast Pin Tear Test”
Eric Przybylowicz, The Ohio State University,
Columbus, OH
C. 9:00 a.m. “Development of a High­N, High­Mn
Austenitic Stainless Steel Laser Weldability
Diagram”
Stephen Tate and Stephen Liu, Colorado
School of Mines, Golden, CO
OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 73
FABTECH
D. 9:30 a.m. “Stress Relaxation of Candidate Nickel­Base
Superalloy Welds for Advanced Supercritical
Coal­Fired Power Plants”
David Tung and John Lippold, The Ohio State
University, Columbus, OH
E. 10:00 a.m. “Characterization of Laser­Powder Bed
Fusion Additive Manufacturing and Heat
Treatment of Nickel Base Superalloy”
Hye Yun Song and Wei Zhang, The Ohio State
University, Columbus, OH, and Shawn Kelly,
EWI, Columbus, OH
F. 10:30 a.m. “Liquation Cracking in Arc and Friction­Stir
Welding of Mg­Zn Alloys”
Derek D. Landwehr, X. Chai, and S. Kou,
University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
G. 11:00 a.m. “Weldability Evaluation in Autogenous
Welds of Alloys 230, 825, and 800H, and in
Dissimilar Metal Weld of Alloy 230 to P91
Steel”
Sanghyun Suh and Boian Alexndrov, The
Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
H. 11:30 a.m. “Metallurgical Characterization of High
Strength Alloys Competitive Evaluation of
Welding versus Hot Induction Bending”
Tiffany Ngan, Boian Alexandrov,
John Lippold, and John Lawmon, The Ohio
State University, Columbus, OH
8:00 a.m. – 11:30 a.m.
SESSION 5: Room C211
ADVANCES IN ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES
Chair: Dr. Patrick W. Hochanadel and Dr. Thomas J. Lienert,
Los Alamos National Laboratory
A. 8:00 a.m. “Wrought Metal Deposition via Additive
Friction Stir for Additive Manufacturing”
Kumar Kandasamy, Jeff Schultz, and
Jacob Calvert, Aeroprobe Corporation,
Christiansburg, VA
B. 8:30 a.m. “Mechanical Properties of Laser DMD and
GMAW Cladded Maraging Steels”
Bishal Silwal, Michael Kottman, and
David Schwam, Case Western Reserve
University, Cleveland, OH
C. 9:00 a.m. “Investigation of Additive Manufacturing
by Friction Stir Processes”
by Scott Miller and Sladjan Lazarevic,
University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu,
Hawaii
D. 9:30 a.m. “Post­Processing of Additive Manufacturing
of Ti­64”
Jennifer Wolk and Caroline Scheck, Naval
Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division,
W. Bethesda, MD
74 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014
E. 10:00 a.m. “Additive Manufacturing Using Arc Welding”
Ian Harris and Marc Purslow, EWI,
Columbus, OH
F. 10:30 a.m “Characterization of a Laser Additive
Manufacturing System”
Jacob Sutton, Benjamin Morrow,
Vincent B. Hesch, John S. Carpenter, and
T. J. Lienert, Los Alamos National
Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM
G. 11:00 a.m. “Characterization of a 316L Stainless Steel
Cylinder Produced Using Laser Additive
Manufacturing”
T. J. Lienert, J. O. Sutton, B. M. Morrow,
R. T. Forsyth, and V. B. Hesch, Los Alamos
National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM
8:00 a.m. – 11:30 a.m.
SESSION 6: Room C205
HIGH ENERGY DENSITY WELDING PROCESSES
Chair: Dr. Todd A. Palmer, The Pennsylvania State University,
and Prof. Dave Farson, The Ohio State University
A. 8:00 a.m. “Weld Bead Center Line Shift during Laser
Welding of Austenitic Stainless Steels with
Different Sulfur Content”
T. J. Lienert, P. Burgardt, R. T. Forsyth, and
K. L. Harada, Los Alamos National
Laboratory, Los Alamos, NN
T. DebRoy, Penn State University, State
College, PA
B. 8:30 a.m. “Welding with the Laser in Vacuum: Results
from the First Industrial Applications”
Michael Muecke and John Rugh, PTR,
Hessen, Germany
C. 9:00 a.m. “Root Defects in Full­Penetration Laser
Welds”
Jared Blecher and Tarasankar DebRoy,
Penn State University, State College, PA, and
Todd A. Palmer, Applied Research Laboratory,
University Park, PA
D. 9:30 a.m. “Highly Efficient Joining Solutions: Indexing
type Production Machines Using Electron
Beam Welding”
Michael Muecke, PTR, Hessen, Germany
E. 10:00 a.m. “Effects of Machining and Cleaning on the
Electron Beam Welding of 304L Stainless
Steel, Titanium Alloy Ti­6Al­4V, and
Aluminum Alloy 5052”
Patrick Hochanadel, Paul Burgardt,
Doug Kautz, and Carl Cross, Los Alamos
National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM
F. 10:30 a.m. “Simulation Prediction of the Correlation of
Solidification Conditions to Microstructure

of Multilayer IN718 Laser Clads”
Yousub Lee and Dave Farson, The Ohio State
University, Columbus, OH
G. 11:00 a.m. “Fiber Laser Welding of 304 Stainless Steel
and the Effects of Various Parameters on
Materials Coupling and Back­Reflection”
William Stellwag, Honeywell FM&T,
Holt, MO
2:00 p.m. – 5:30 p.m.
SESSION 7: Room C210
CIMJSEA MECHANICAL PROPERTIES ISSUES
Chair: Prof. John N. DuPont, Lehigh University, and Prof.
Stephen Liu, Colorado School of Mines
A. 2:00 p.m. “Fracture Behavior of Hydrogen Assisted
Cracks in Dissimilar Metal Welds under
Cathodic Protection”
Desmond Bourgeois, Boian Alexandrov,
Jamey Fenske, and John Lippold, The Ohio
State University, Columbus, OH
B. 2:30 p.m. “Microstructural Evolution and Creep
Rupture Behavior of INCONEL® Alloy 740H®
Welds”
Daniel Bechetti and John DuPont,
Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA
C. 3:00 p.m. “Comparative Tensile Strength and Shear
Strength of Explosion Clad Materials”
Curtis Prothe, John Banker, and Stephen Liu,
Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO
D. 3:30 p.m. “The Assessment of the Satoh Test for
Understanding Residual Stress Evolution
in Welds”
Jonathan Galler and John DuPont, Lehigh
University, Bethlehem, PA
E. 4:00 p.m. “Toward Fundamental Understanding of
Stress Corrosion Cracking in Gas Metal Arc
Welds of High­Strength Aluminum Alloy
7003”
Tyler Borchers, Wei Zhang, and Don
McAllister, The Ohio State University,
Columbus, OH
F. 4:30 p.m. “Butt and Lap Welding of Magnesium
Alloys by Gas Metal Arc Welding”
Xiao Chai and Sindo Kou, University of
Wisconsin, Madison, WI
G. 5:00 p.m. “Effect of Low Transformation Temperature
Welding Consumables on Mechanical
Properties of Lap Joints”
Zhifen Wang, Stephen Liu, and Zhili Feng,
Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO
FABTECH
2:00 p.m. – 5:30 p.m.
SESSION 8: Room C211
ADVANCES IN WELD MODELING — 1
Chair: Dr. Y. Yang, EWI, and Mr. Gentry Wood,
University of Alberta
A. 2:00 p.m. “A New Three­Dimensional Multi­Scale
Model to Study Solidification and
Deformation of a Semisolid Aluminum
Alloy Weld Pool”
Hamid Reza Zareie Rajani and Andre Phillion,
University of British Columbia, Kelowna,
Canada
B. 2:30 p.m. “Numerical Modeling of a Moving,
Oscillating Welding Heat Source”
Matthew Sinfield, Charles Fisher, and
Brian Schula, Naval Surface Warfare Center,
Carderock Division, W. Bethesda, MD
C. 3:00 p.m. “New Formulae for Calculating Weld
Shrinkage”
Yu-Ping Yang, Harvey Castner, and Randy
Dull, EWI, Columbus, OH
D. 3:30 p.m. “Development and Applications of
Multi­Physics Coupled Numerical Model for
Friction Stir Welding”
Gaoqiang Chen and Zhili Feng, Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, and
Qingyu Shi, Tsinghua University, Beijing,
China
E. 4:00 p.m. “A Scaling Approach to Weld Procedure
Development”
by Gentry Wood, Shahrukh Islam, and
Patricio Mendez, University of Alberta,
Edmonton, Canada
F. 4:30 p.m. “Electrode Geometry Effects on Nugget
Growth and Heat Transfer Affecting
Microstructure during Resistance Spot Welding”
P.S. Wei and T. H. Wu, National Sun Yat-Sen
University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
G. 5:00 p.m. “Numerical Study of the Solidification
Process in the Cast Pin Tear Test”
Huimin Wang and Boian Alexandrov,
The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
Wednesday, November 12
8:00 a.m. – 10:30 a.m.
SESSION 9: Room C210
KEYNOTE PRESENTATIONS
Chair: Prof. John N. DuPont, Lehigh University, and Dr.
Thomas J. Lienert, Los Alamos National Laboratory
A. 8:00 a.m. “Wear Resistant Overlays for Oil and Gas
and Mining Applications”
Patricio Mendez, University of Alberta,
Edmonton, Canada
OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 75
FABTECH
B. 9:00 a.m. “At the Crossroads of Welding and Additive
Manufacturing: Review of Scientific and
Technical Challenges”
Suresh Babu, University of Tennessee,
Knoxville, TN
10:00 a.m. – 12:00 p.m.
SESSION 10: Room C210
ADVANCES IN NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING
Chair: Dr. Maria Posada, Naval Surface Warfare Center,
Carderock Division
A. 10:00 a.m. “Conventional Nondestructive Evaluation
Performance Validation and Verification for
Friction Stir Welding”
Ashlee Floyd and Maria Posada, NAVESEA-
Naval Surface Warfare Center, W. Bethesda,
MD
B. 10:30 a.m. “Online Resistance Spot Weld Inspection
System Based on IR Thermography”
Jian Chen and Zhili Feng, Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN
C. 11:00 a.m. “A Novel Ultrasonic TOFD Technique for
Defect Detection In FSW Weldment”
Dazhao Chi and Tie Gang, Harbin Institute
of Technology, Harbin, China
D. 11:30 a.m. “An Evaluation Method for the Ultrasonic
Detection of Typical FSW Defects by the
Scanning Laser Source”
Huabin Chen, Jifeng Wang, and Tao Lin,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai,
China
10:00 a.m. – 12:00 p.m.
SESSION 11: Room C211
PROGRESS IN FILLER METALS
Chair: Dr. Susan Fiore, Hobart Brothers Company; Dr. Badri
Narayanan, Lincoln Electric Company
A. 10:00 a.m. “New Filler Metal for Producing High­Speed
Welds in Thin­Gauge Coated Steels with
Minimal Porosity”
Susan Fiore, Hobart Brothers Company,
Troy, OH
B. 10:30 a.m. “Solutions for Welding over Zinc Coated
Steels”
Badri Narayanan, Judah Henry, and Yen-Chih
Liao, Lincoln Electric Company, Cleveland,
OH
C. 11:00 a.m. “Weldability and Characterization of a
New Hafnium­Bearing High­Chromium
Nickel­Based Filler Metal”
Adam Hope, Verner Kreuter, and
John Lippold, The Ohio State University,
Columbus, OH
76 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014
D. 11:30 a.m. “Lowering Exposure to Manganese with
New Filler Metal Technology”
Susan Fiore, Steve Barhorst, and
Mario Amata, Hobart Brothers Company,
Troy, OH
2:00 p.m. – 6:00 p.m.
SESSION 12: Room C210
UPDATES ON INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY ­ 1
Chair: Dr. Daniel Hartman, MBS
A. 2:00 p.m. “Failure Analysis of Dissimilar Weld Joint
(DMW) on Transfer Line of Direct Reduction
Steel Plant”
Hamad Almostaneer, Kphraim Mokgothu,
Abdulaziz Al-Meshari, and Harry Schrijen,
MCSD – Manufacturing Center of
Excellence-SABIC, Jubail Industrial City,
Saudi Arabia
B. 2:30 p.m. “A Study on Pitting Corrosion Resistance for
Small­Diameter Super Duplex Stainless Steel
Weld Joint”
Young-Ho Cho, I. P. Hong, B. C. Bae, Y. P. Kim,
and J. T. Choi, Hyundai Heavy Industries,
Ulsan, South Korea
C. 3:00 p.m. “Effect of Nozzle Diameter on Weldability
of Plasma­GMA Hybrid Welding”
Hee-Keun Lee, Jin-Young Kim, and
Ha-Taek Chung, Dawewoo Shipbuilding
Marine Engineering Co., South Korea,
Chung-Yun Kang and Sang-Hyeon Park,
Pusan National University, Busan, South
Korea
D. 3:30 p.m. “Copper­Free Welding Wire Finishing —
Process and Materials”
Michaela Boockmann, Kai Boockmann,
Gerhard Boockmann, and Richard Fichtner,
Boockmann GmbH, Bavaria, Germany
E. 4:00 p.m. “Waveforms in Arc Welding of Aluminum
Alloys, Part II”
Jian Zhang and Murat Acar, Lincoln Electric
Company, Cleveland, OH
F. 4:30 p.m. “Study and Analyses of Process Stability of
the Background Current in Pulsed Current
Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW­P)”
Rajasekaran Shanmugam, Vignan University,
Andhra Paradesh, India, and R. Umarani,
El-Shaddai Welding and Cutting Consultants,
Tamilnadu, India
G. 5:00 p.m. “In Pursuit of Optimum Weld Parameters —
The How To”
Chris Bertoni, Flower Mound, TX
H. 5:30 p.m. “Narrow Gap Robotic GTA Welding for
Manufacture of Heavy Thick Wall Plate”
Ryoon Han Kim, Ulsan, South Korea

2:00 p.m. – 6:00 p.m.
SESSION 13: Room C211
DEVELOPMENTS IN FRICTION STIR WELDING — 1
Chair: Prof Yoni Adonyi, LeTourneau University; Mr. Tim
Stotler, EWI
A. 2:00 p.m. “Friction Stir Welding of 25 mm AA 7075­T7
by Fixed Gap Bobbin Tool”
Benjamin Nelson, Manufacturing
Technology, Inc., South Bend, IN
B. 2:30 p.m. “Demonstrating Friction Stir Welding
Technology for the Fabrication of UNF
Storage Containers”
Gary Cannell, Fluor Enterprises, Inc.,
Richland, WA, and Glenn Grant, Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory, Richland,
WA
C. 3:00 p.m. “Joint Efficiency Effects Caused by Direct
Liquid Cooling of Tools during FSW of AA
6061­T6”
Benjamin Nelson, Manufacturing
Technology, Inc., South Bend, IN
D. 3:30 p.m. “Tool and Preheat Coil Offset in Dissimilar
Friction Stir Welding”
Yoni Adonyi, Judah Rutledge, and Puhao
Wang, LeTourneau University, Longview, TX
E. 4:00 p.m. “A New Approach to Robotic Friction Stir
Welding: Applying a Seven Axis Hydraulic
Servo Robot to the FSW Process”
Vernon Mangold, Kaysafety, Dayton, OH
F. 4:30 p.m. “Optimization of Welding and Manufacturing
Variables for Friction Stir Welded Aluminum
Ship Panels”
Tim Stotler, John Seaman, and Harvey
Castner, EWI, Columbus, OH
G. 5:00 p.m. “Joining of HSLA Steel to Al 5083 Alloy by
Friction Stir Welding”
Maria Posada, Naval Surface Warfare Center,
Carderock Division, W. Bethesda, MD
Harpreet Sidhar and Rajiv Mishra, University
of North Texas, Denton, TX
H. 5:30 p.m. “Application of Power and Temperature
Control in FSW”
Scott Rose and Kenneth Rose, Manufacturing
Technology, Inc., South Bend, IN
Thursday, November 13
8:00 a.m. – 11:30 a.m.
SESSION 14: Room C202
ADVANCES IN WELD OVERLAYS AND HARDFACING
Chair: Prof. Patricio Mendez, University of Alberta
A. 8:00 a.m. “Effect of AC Polarity Balance on SAW
FABTECH
Deposition of Chrome Carbide Overlays”
Patricio Mendez, Steven Borle, and
Ivan Le Gall, University of Alberta,
Edmonton, Canada
B. 8:30 a.m. “Microstructural Characterization of
Dissimilar Metal Cold Metal Transfer Weld
Overlays”
Thomas Daniels and Boian Alexandrov,
The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
C. 9:00 a.m. “Optimizing Laser Hot Wire Process for
Nickel Alloy Overlays”
Shenjia Zhang, Paul Denney, and
Badri K. Narayanan, Lincoln Electric
Company, Cleveland, OH
D. 9:30 a.m. “Optimization of CCO Microstructure
through Cooling Rate Control”
Narin Barnes and Patricio Mendez,
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
E. 10:00 a.m. “Cold Metal Transfer Weld Overlays on
Carbon Steel for Nuclear Power Application”
Nate McVicker, Boian Alexandrov, and
John Lippold, The Ohio State University,
Columbus, OH
F. 10:30 a.m. “Super­Duplex Stainless Steel Overlays Using
EQ2594 Strip Metal In Electroslag Welding,
Properties and Performance”
Johan Lothman and Anders Wllero,
Sandvik Materials Technology, Sandvik,
Sweden
G. 11:00 a.m. “Hardfacing Material Solutions for High
Performance Coatings in Wear and
Corrosion Applications”
Frank Schreiber, Cornel Schreuders, and
Peter Knauf, Durum Verschleiss-Schutz
GmbH, Willich, Germany
8:00 a.m. – 11:30 a.m.
SESSION 15: Room C210
PROGRESS IN SENSING AND CONTROL
Chair: Prof. YuMing Zhang, University of Kentucky
A. 8:00 a.m. “Human Welder Intelligent Modeling and
Control Using Virtualized Welding Platform”
Yukang Liu, Ning Huang, and YuMing Zhang,
University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
B. 8:30 a.m. “In­situ Thermal Strain Measurement
Adjacent to Weld Pool”
Jian Chen, Xinghua Yu, Roger G. Miller, and
Zhili Feng, Oak Ridge National Laboratory,
Oak Ridge, TN
C. 9:00 a.m. “Embedded Monitoring and Control Systems
For Pipe Welding”
OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 77
FABTECH
Louriel Oliveria Vilarinho, Andres Fischdick
Acuña, João Carlos de Freitas, Leonardo da
Paixão Carvalho, and Victor Augusto
Nascimento Magalhães, Federal University
of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil
E. 9:30 a.m. “Machine Assisted Travel Speed Control in
GTAW”
Ning Huang, YuKang Liu, and YuMing
Zhang, University of Kentucky, Lexington,
KY Shujun Chen, Beijing University of
Technology, Beijing, China
F. 10:00 a.m. “Assessment of Derivatives Short­Circuit
Welding Monitoring with Near­infrared
Vision System”
Carolina Pimenta Mota, Marcus Vinicius
Ribeiro Machado, Louriel Oliveira Vilarinho,
and Roberto Mendes Finzi Neto, Federal
University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil
G. 10:30 a.m. “A Mobile Sensing System for Weld Pool
Surface in Manual GTAW Process”
Weijie Zhang, Valiant International Inc.,
Sterling Heights, MI, and YuMing Zhang,
University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
H. 11:00 a.m. “Short­Circuit Metal Transfer Regularity
Index on GMA Welding by Sound­Based
Monitoring”
Marcus Riberiro Machado, Carolina Pimenta
Mota, Luiz Carlos de Menezes Jr., Roberto
Mendes Finzi Neto, and Louriel Oliveira
Vilarinho, Federal University of Uberlandia,
Uberlândia, Brazil
8:00 a.m. – 11:00 a.m.
SESSION 16: Room C211
CIMJSEA DEVELOPMENTS IN WELD MODELING
Chair: Prof. Sindo Kou, University of Wisconsin, Madison;
Prof. W. Zhang, The Ohio State University
A. 8:00 a.m. “Dimensionless Parameters to Characterize
Weld Geometry for Pulsed Laser Welding”
Brandon Kemerling and Dave Farson,
The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
B. 8:30 a.m. “Effect of Filler Metal on Liquation Cracking
in Mg Alloys”
Tayfun Soysal and Sindo Kou, University of
Wisconsin, Madision, WI
C. 9:00 a.m. “Predictive Modeling of Inertia Friction
Welding Dissimilar Ni­Base Superalloys”
Daniel Tung and Wei Zhang, The Ohio State
University, Columbus, OH
D. 9:30 a.m. “Development of Aluminum Matrix
Composites for Solid Freeform Fabrication”
Devon Gonzales, Stephen Liu, and
Marcia Domack, Colorado School of Mines,
Golden, CO
78 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014
E. 10:00 a.m. “Toward Understanding of Nickel Alloy Weld
Metal Dilution through Weld Pool Physics
Modeling”
Wei Zhang, Kaiwen Zhang, and Xiaosong
Feng, The Ohio State University, Columbus,
OH, and Jeffrey Enneking, Areva NP Inc.,
Lynhcburg, VA
F. 10:30 a.m. “Multi­Scale FEA Modeling of Brazed Joint
Structures in Ni­Based Superalloys for Gas
Turbine Applications”
Bryan Riggs, The Ohio State University,
Columbus, OH
1:30 p.m. – 4:00 p.m.
SESSION 17: Room C202
DEVELOPMENTS IN FRICTION STIR WELDING — 2
Chair: Dr. Maria Posada, Naval Surface Warfare Center,
Carderock Division
A. 1:30 p.m. “Initial Results of Prototype Portable High
Rotational Speed Friction Stir Welder”
Charles Fisher and Carrie Davis, Naval
Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division,
W. Bethesda, MD
B. 2:00 p.m. “Applying Friction Stir Welding to Advanced
Reactor Components”
Zak Pramann, EWI, Columbus, OH,
Dave Mennel, Major Tool & Machine, Inc.,
Indianapolis, IN, and Jim Chrzanowski,
Princeton, NJ
C. 2:30 p.m. “FSW Technology for Marine Applications”
Jonathan Martin and Sam Wei, TWI
Technology Centre (Yorkshire), South
Yorkshire, United Kingdom
D. 3:00 p.m. “Repair of Friction Stir Welded AA6082­T6
Extrusions”
David Lammlein, Naval Surface Warfare
Center, Carderock Division, W. Bethesda, MD
E. 3:30 p.m. “Study of Mechanical Strength of
Aluminum/Steel Spot Welded by Friction
Bit Joining under Corrosion Medium”
Yong Chae Lim, Tsung-Yu Pan, and
Zhili Feng, Oak Ridge National Laboratory,
Oak Ridge, TN, and Lile Squires and Michael
Miles, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
1:30 p.m. – 4:00 p.m.
SESSION 18: Room C210
UPDATES ON INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY ­ 2
Chair: Nancy Porter, EWI
A. 1:30 p.m. “Robotic Welding of VCS Assemblies”
Adam Uziel and Nancy Porter, EWI,
Columbus, OH, and Ned Kaminski, General
Dynamics Electric Boat, North Kingstown, RI

B. 2:00 p.m. “Repair Welding of Sensitized Aluminum
5456”
Kim Ngoc Tran and Caroline Scheck, Naval
Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division,
W. Bestheda, MD
C. 2:30 p.m. “Conventional and Controlled Short­Circuit
GMAW Processes for Downhill Pipe Welding”
Louriel Oliveira Vilarinho, Federal University
of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil,
Andres Fischdick Acuña, João Carlos de
Freitas, and Leonardo da Paixão Carvalho,
Petrobras, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Victor
Augusto Nascimento Magalhães, Federal
University of Vales do Jequitinhonha e
Mucuri, Biamantina, Brazil
D. 3:00 p.m. “Protecting Sensors in the Automated
Welding Cell: The Fastest Way to Productivity”
Dave Bird and Will Healy II, Balluff Inc.,
Florence, KY
E. 3:30 p.m. “Advanced Welding Technologies to Improve
Hull Fabrication for Virginia Class
Submarines”
Nancy Porter and Nick Kapustka, EWI,
Columbus, OH, Erin Foster and
Christopher Barret, Electic Boat Corp.,
North Kingstown, RI
1:30 p.m. – 3:30 p.m.
SESSION 19: Room C211
ADVANCES IN WELD MODELING — 2
Chair: Prof. Patricio Mendez, University of Alberta
A. 1:30 p.m. “Burn­Off Rate Models for Conventional
Short­Circuit GMAW with Different Shielding
Gases and Welding Positions”
Diandro Bailoni Fernandes and Louriel
Oliveira Vilaninho, Federal University of
Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil, and
Laura Oliveira Vilaninho, CTBC/Algar
Telecom, Uberlandia, Brazil
B. 2:00 p.m. “Heat Transfer in Local Postweld Heat
Treatment for Grade 91 Steel Piping”
Jacob Walker, Utah State University, Logan,
UT, and Leijun Li, University of Alberta,
Edmonton, Canada
C. 2:30 p.m. “Extension of Cooling Curve Analysis to
Simultaneous Phase Transformations”
Ata Kamyabi Gol and Patricio Mendez,
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
D. 3:00 p.m. “Study of Plastic Strain Distribution in
Dissimilar Metal Weld by Micro­hardness
Mapping”
Xinghua Yu, Stan David, and Zhili Feng,
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge,
TN; Dongxiao Qiao, Tsinghua University,
Beijing, China; and Paul Crooker, Electric
Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA
FABTECH
AWS Poster Session
The AWS Poster Session held November 11–13 during show
hours is an integral part of the AWS Professional Program.
Graphic displays of technical achievements are presented for
close, first-hand examination in the Poster Session. Posters
present welding results and related material, which are best
communicated visually, as well as research results that call for
close study of photomicrographs, tables, systems architecture,
or other illustrative materials. Posters are presented in five
categories: Students in High School Welding Program, Stu-
dents in a Two-Year College or Certificate Program, Under-
graduate Students, Graduate Students, and Professionals. Be
sure to stop by and observe this year’s entries.
Category A: 2­Year Degree Student Level
Effect of Diffusible Hydrogen in High­Strength Steel Welds
Erin Anderson, Cuesta College
Category B: 4­Year Degree Student Level
Mechanized vs. Manual GMA Welding
Nick Wiley, Jake Zwayer, and David Haury, The Ohio State
University
Impact of Light Dressing Electrodes for Aluminum
Resistance Spot Welding
Jim Beaver, Ben Harris, and James Rayo, The Ohio State
University
Inconel 718 and Titanium 6­4 Heat Affected Zone Size
Evaluation
Kaiwen Zhang, Robert Kurth, and Colton Ritz, The Ohio State
University
Procedural Development for Automated Synergic GMAW
E. Buehler, D. Chapman, and M. Schmitz, The Ohio State Uni­
versity
Comparing DCEP and AC Polarity GMA Welding
of Aluminum
Andrew DeLong and Kevin Girard, The Ohio State University
Parameter Optimization for Refill Friction Stir Spot Welding
Casey Bogosian and Case Jeremy, The Ohio State University
Evaluation of New Silver­Free Brazing Filler Metals
Matthew Duffey, Matthew Loney, and Jacob Marchal, The
Ohio State University
Category C: Graduate
Wide Gap Brazing for the Repair of Nickel Superalloys:
Spreadability
Cheryl Hawk and Stephen Liu, Colorado School of Mines and
Srikanth Kottilingam, General Electric
OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 79
FABTECH

1:00 p.m. – 2:00 p.m.

Pre and Post Weld Operations
Mike Rice, Nooter Corporation, St. Louis, MO

2:00 p.m. – 3:30 p.m.

Arc Welding Process Modes – What are You
Using? What are “Advanced” Modes? Would
You Benefit from “Advanced” Equipment and
Techniques?
Bob Bitzky, ESAB, Florence, SC

3:30 p.m. – 4:30 p.m.

The Welding Procedure
Lee Kvidahl, Ingalls Shipbuilding, Pascagoula, MS
Conferences 4:30 p.m. – 5:00 p.m.
Tuesday, November 11 Making Your Procedure Robust: Controlling the
Wednesday, November 12 Critical Parameters
8:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m. Dennis Harwig, American Welding Society, Miami, FL
So You’re The New Welding Engineer Room C302
Registration Code: W24 Day 2—Wednesday
This two-day conference is for managers/engineers/design- 8:00 a.m. – 9:00 a.m.
ers, and others with welding responsibility but limited expo- Weld Quality — Requirements of Different
sure/background in welding. The session is based on arc Types of Applications: Commercial, Military,
welding applications but the principles have universal appli-
cability. Presentations and discussion are based on the “Ap-
Industry, etc.
plication Analysis Worksheet,” which was developed to teach Dick Holdren, Arc Specialties, Houston, TX
a senior college course to engineers about to enter industry,
with the objective of helping them develop a path to under-
9:00 a.m. – 10:00 a.m.
stand and deal with the challenges they were about to face.
Welding Costs
Day 1—Tuesday Pete Ullman, Techniweld
8:00 a.m. – 8:30 a.m.
Welcome and Introduction 10:00 a.m. – 11:00 a.m.
Team The Automation Decision
Jeff Noruk, Servo Robot Corp., Mequon, WI
8:30 a.m. – 10:00 a.m.
The Application Analysis
11:00 a.m. – 12:00 noon
Fritz Saenger, Consultant, Mt. Pleasant, SC
What is “Productivity”?
10:00 a.m. – 11:00 a.m. Fritz Saenger, Consultant, Mt. Pleasant, SC
Key Background Information
Walter Sperko, Sperko Engineering Services, Inc., 12:00 noon – 1:00 p.m. – Lunch
Greensboro, NC
1:00 p.m. – 2:00 p.m.
11:00 a.m. – 12:00 noon Welding Safety
“Matching” the Base Materials and the Weld Kevin Lyttle, Praxair, Tonawanda, NY
Tom Myers, Lincoln Electric, Cleveland, OH
2:00 p.m. – 3:00 p.m.
12:00 noon – 1:00 p.m. – Lunch Aluminum
Tony Anderson, Miller Electric Co., Appleton, WI

80 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014

 FABTECH

3:00 p.m. – 4:00 p.m. Thursday, November 13

Stainless and Heat Resisting Steels 8:00 a.m. – 4:30 p.m.
William Newell, W.F. Newell & Associates, Inc., Mooresville, NC Additive Manufacturing Room C205
Registration Code: W27
4:00 p.m. – 4:30 p.m.
Review of the Applications Analysis — 8:00 a.m. ­ 8:35 a.m.
and a “To Do” List Additive Manufacturing – Engineering
Team Considerations Beyond 3D Printing
Dr. Shawn Kelly, Edison Welding Institute
4:30 p.m. – 5:00 p.m.
8:35 a.m. – 9:10 a.m.
Adjourn and Individual Discussions
AWS D20 Committee, Fabrication of Additively
Tuesday, November 11 Manufactured Parts
Doug Kautz, Los Alamos National Laboratory
1:00 p.m. – 4:00 p.m.
Thermal Spray Basics: Putting Coatings To Work
9:10 a.m. – 9:45 a.m.
Registration Code: W25 Free
Presenters: James Weber, Sulzer Chemtech USA, Humble, TX, The Problems and Solutions to the
David Wright, Accuwright Industries, Gilbert, AZ Qualification Issues
This basic introduction to thermal spray benefits will cover Dr. Jeffrey Calcaterra, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
four major areas: processes, equipment, applications, and
industry usage.
• Processes covered will include molten metal flame spray- 9:45 a.m. – 10:20 a.m.
ing, powder flame spraying, wire flame spraying, ceramic At the Crossroads of Welding and Additive
rod flame spraying, detonation flame spraying, high velocity Manufacturing: The Challenges
oxyfuel spraying (HVOF), cold spraying, plasma spraying,
electric are spraying, and RF plasma spraying. Dr. Suresh Babu, UT/ORNL Governor’s Chair of Advanced
Manufacturing
• Several spray guns will be available for attendees to handle
and discuss throughout the class. Other larger items such as
complex systems and spray booths will be illustrated and 10:20 a.m. – 10:30 a.m. – Break
discussed.
• Application examples will be presented for a variety of re- 10:30 a.m. – 11:05 a.m.
quirements from several different industries.
Rapid Process Qualification Methodology Speeds
• Industry usage charts will be reviewed listing several
processes and coating applications used by various Certification
industries. Bryant Walker, President, Keystone Synergistic

Wednesday, November 12
8:00 a.m. – 4:45 p.m.
Thermal Spray Technology:
High­Performance Surfaces Room C201
Registration Code: W26
Conference Chairs: Dan Hayden and David Wright
The International Thermal Spray Association, a Standing
Committee of the American Welding Society, has organized
this one-day educational coatings conference at FABTECH
to introduce and highlight various advantages of the ther-
mal spray process. This program will benefit both potential
users and those actively involved with thermal spray coat-
ings as it will focus on actual applications and new develop-
ments in thermal spray technology.

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 81

FABTECH

11:05 a.m. – 11:40 a.m. 1:50 p.m. – 2:25 p.m.

Enabling Technology for Additive Manufacturing Developing Aerospace Parts Via Additive
for Critical Applications Manufacturing
Rich Martukanitz, Center for Innovative Materials Processing, Chip Arata, Account Manager, USA Sales, Carpenter
Penn State Powder Products

11:40 a.m. – 12:15 p.m. 2:25 p.m. – 3:00 p.m.

In­Process Quality Assurance™: A Process Metal 3D Printing with Ultrasonic Welding
Monitoring and NDI Tool Mark Norfolk, President, Fabrisonic LLC
Mark Cola, President, Sigma Labs, Inc.
3:00 p.m. – 3:15 p.m. – Break

12:15 p.m. – 1:15 p.m. – Lunch 3:15 p.m. – 3:50 p.m.

Laser Cladding Applications
1:15 p.m. – 1:50 p.m. Wayne Penn, President
New Developments in Laser Hot Wire Additive
Manufacture 3:50 p.m. – 4:30 p.m.
Paul Denney, Senior Laser Applications Engineer, Wire Plus Arc Additive Manufacture of
Lincoln Electric Large­Scale Parts
Adrian Addison, Cranfield University

82 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014


Seminars
Tuesday, November 11
8:00 a.m. – 12:00 noon
W10: API 1104 Code Clinic Room C107
Registration Code: W10
This four-hour course covers general code provisions, in-
cluding qualification of welding procedures for welds con-
taining filler metal additions, design and preparation of the
joint for production welding, nondestructive testing and ac-
ceptance standards, and automatic welding with and with-
out filler metal additions. Attendees will practice open
codebook testing under time constraints.
NOTE: Clinic fee does not include a copy of API 1104, Weld-
ing Pipelines and Related Facilities (20th Edition). API 1104
may be purchased from WEX by calling (888) 935-3464.
Attendees will receive a study guide, AWS API Code Clinic
Reference Manual.
8:30 a.m. – 4:30 p.m.
D1.1 – Code Clinic Room C201
Registration Code: W11
This one-day seminar will provide a “road map” through the
Code, emphasizing the ability to locate important para-
graphs, charts, and tables quickly, which is crucial to under-
standing the Code when working under stressful deadlines.
In addition to practice questions, a practice exam will be ad-
ministered, and the instructor will illustrate the use of the
Code under time constraints, creating deadline pressure
similar to the test environment. For those taking the CWI
exam, this clinic has proven to be valuable test preparation.
As a leading construction code, D1.1 is the ideal tool to
teach effective code use.
NOTE: Clinic fee does not include a copy of the
D1.1/D1.1M: 2010 Structural Welding Code — Steel. The
D1.1 Code Book may be purchased from WEX at (888) 935-
3464. Attendees will receive our study guide, AWS D1.1 Code
Clinic Reference Manual.
8:30 a.m. – 4:30 p.m.
Advanced Visual Inspection
Workshop Room C109
Registration Code: W12
An eight-hour course for CWI exam candidates to review the
basic concepts and applications of visual inspection. After a
discussion of the limitations and advantages of visual in-
spection, types of weld data that may be obtained by visual
inspection are presented and discussed. Includes the many
types of discontinuities encountered during the visual in-
spection of welds. Common tools used for visual inspection
are presented and discussed. A sample weld specification
containing acceptance criteria is presented and discussed,
after which students use the specification and visual inspec-
tion tools to evaluate the weld replicas using a series of spe-
cific questions and scenarios.
FABTECH
Those attending can learn:
• How to use weld-measuring instruments
• Compliance to a specific code
• Dos and don’ts of documentation
• When a discontinuity is OK
• When a defect is rejectable
• Why visual inspection can be the most effective NDE
technique
8:30 a.m. – 4:30 p.m.
Welding Symbols – What You Think They Mean
and What They Actually Mean Room C110
Registration Code: W13
The goal of this seminar is to provide a good understanding
of AWS welding symbols, with explanations of their proper
and improper use. This seminar is geared for all involved
with welding symbols — from designers who place them on
drawings, to the welders who know what the designer wants
(regardless of what the symbol says), to the welding inspec-
tor who has to verify that the final weld meets the welding
symbol requirements. It will also be great for new engineers
who do not have the experience with symbols, shop and
field supervisors, and anyone else involved in manufactur-
ing and welding. Examples of welding symbols that fre-
quently trip up users and of real-life samples are provided.
Books for AWS to provide:
1. AWS A2.4:2012 Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing, and
Nondestructive Examination
2. AWS A3.0M/A3.0:2010 Standard Welding Terms and
Definitions
8:30 a.m. – 5:00 p.m.
The Why and How of Welding Procedure
Specifications Room C212
8:30 a.m. – 12:00 noon (Beginner)
Registration Code: W14
1:00 p.m. – 5:00 p.m. (Advanced)
Registration Code: W15
8:30 a.m. – 5:00 p.m. (Beginner and Advanced)
Registration Code: W16
Welding Procedure Specifications —
Ensuring Consistent, Predictable
Welding Process Performance
This two-part workshop revisits the fundamentals of WPSs
for both the seasoned professional and for those individuals
seeking to become more proficient in the authoring and ap-
plication of a WPS in fabrication as well as hands on ap-
proach to advanced instruction in the formulation and
writing of WPSs in the afternoon.
Who Should Attend:
This session will benefit owners, managers, engineers, and
CWIs who must qualify, write, or revise welding procedure
specifications to satisfy codes and contract documents.
OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 83
FABTECH

What will be addressed? are supplemental inspection credentials available to AWS

This workshop is divided into two half-day sessions. The Certified Welding Inspectors (CWIs) and Senior Certified
morning session addresses the fundamentals of WPSs. Welding Inspectors (SCWIs), but non-CWI/SCWIs can also
Morning topics are focused on: participate in the seminar and examination to enhance their
educational background. Participants are expected to
• Standard terminology provide their own codebooks. Please note that there is a
• Welding processes separate application and fee required to take the Certifica-
• Filler metal tion exam.
• Shielding gases
• Current and voltage range, travel speed, and heat input Wednesday, November 12
• Joint design tolerances 8:30 a.m. – 4:30 p.m.
• Joint and surface preparation Metallurgy Applied To Everyday Welding
Room C207
• Preheat/interpass temperature and welding positions
Registration Code: W18
• Standard WPSs
Metallurgy of welds in carbon and low-alloy steels shouldn’t
The afternoon session focuses on the mechanics of WPSs by be complicated. This short course will offer an understand-
different codes and standards. ing of how welding affects the properties of base materials,
Afternoon topics include: and how weld defects occur.
• Proper preparation and qualification of welding procedure Who Should Attend:
specifications Owners, inspectors, engineers, and supervisors who specify
• Documenting standard procedure qualification testing for welding and need to understand the interactions of base
commonly used processes for joining ferrous plate and pipe metal, filler metal, and welding processes.
• Selecting and documenting welding variables
• Specifying essential and nonessential variables commonly Tuesday, November 11–
used in sample AWS, ASME, and API code formats Wednesday, November 12
• Different techniques to author WPSs Welding of Stainless Steel Room C208
Part 1 — The Basics
Tuesday, November 11– 8:30 a.m. – 4:30 p.m. (Wednesday)
Wednesday, November 12 Registration Code: W19
1:00 p.m. – 6:00 p.m. (Tuesday) Part 2 — Avoiding Weld Defects
8:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m. (Wednesday) 8:30 a.m. – 4:30 p.m. (Thursday)
ASME Section IX, B31.1 & B31.3 Registration Code: W20
Code Clinic Room C301 This seminar has two independent parts: Part 1 — The Ba-
Registration Code: W17 sics and Part 2 — Avoiding Defects. Register for either day
This 16-hour seminar will help individuals prepare for the alone or for both days. The program focuses on the basic
ASME Section IX, B31.1 and B31.3 examination for weldability of all types of stainless steels. This session is key
endorsement or Part C of the CWI. Note that endorsements to those interested in a comprehensive look at the weldabil-
ity of stainless steels, particularly the 300 series.
Topics Covered:
• Why alloys are “stainless”
• Stainless steel differences
• Selecting a stainless for use
• Mechanical properties
• Properties after welding
• Heat treatment factors
• Selecting filler metals
• Gas vs. flux shielding
• Code requirements
Those attending can learn:
• Five stainless steel types
• The effects of welding on all types of stainless steels

84 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014

 FABTECH

• Why some stainless steels require preheat and others pro- • Pitting corrosion
hibit it • Intergranular corrosion
• Answers to questions about selecting and welding stainless • Stress corrosion cracking
steels
• Erosion/corrosion
• Crevice corrosion
Thursday, November 13
• Galvanic corrosion
8:30 a.m. – 4:30 p.m.
• Alloying for corrosion resistance
Build It Better Room C201
• Corrosion protection mechanisms
Registration Code: W22
This AWS seminar will delve into the idea that welding is an
engineering science that can be controlled and measured.
Codes and standards that will be discussed include the AWS Education Sessions
D1 structural codes, AWS D9.1 sheet metal code, AWS Tuesday
D17.1 fusion welding for aerospace applications and many
others. Who should attend: designers, inspectors, and QC Registration Code: W35
specialists will gain new insights and career-enhancing Wednesday
knowledge. Registration Code: W36
Thursday
8:30 a.m. – 3:00 p.m. Registration Code: W37
Corrosion Of Welds: Welding technology has rapidly advanced and it is difficult
Causes and Cures Room C212 for welding educators on limited budgets to keep up with
Registration Code: W23 the changes. This conference, hosted by the American
Welding Society and the National Center for Welding Educa-
Welded structures are often subjected to corroding environ- tion & Training (Weld-Ed), is an opportunity to provide
ments; in some cases, the weld and base metal corrode uni- welding educators and therefore, future welders, techni-
formly at the same rate. In other cases, the results are cians, engineers, and sales representatives with the knowl-
accelerated corrosion of the weld compared to the base edge to remain competent and competitive. The Education
metal, or the base metal may corrode at a much faster rate Annual Program will conclude with several demonstrations
leaving the weld metal relatively intact. There are many dif- of the latest welding educational technologies from leading
ferent forms of corrosion recognized and various corrosion industry companies.
mechanisms. The most common of these will be covered in
the course.
Who Should Attend: Tuesday, November 11
This session will benefit owners, managers, engineers, and 8:00 a.m. – 8:25 a.m.
inspectors who must monitor, inspect, prevent, and repair Introductions Room C213
weldments in corrosive environments.
What Will Be Addressed? 8:30 a.m. – 9:15 a.m.
This course will begin by addressing the fundamentals of Update on AWS Scholarships
corrosion. Other topics to be examined include:
Dr. Thomas J. Lienert, AWS Education Committee, AWS Educa-
tion Scholarship Committee, Los Alamos National Laboratory

9:15 a.m. – 9:45 a.m.

Howard E. Adkins Memorial Instructor
Membership Award Lecture
The Howard E. Adkins Instructor Membership Award is
sponsored by Mrs. Wilma Adkins and family, and is given as
a means of recognizing high school, trade school, technical
institute, or junior college instructors whose teaching activi-
ties are considered to have advanced the knowledge of weld-
ing to students in their respective schools. Each awardee
receives a certificate, two-year membership in the American
Welding Society, and free registration to attend the
FABTECH Show and all technical sessions in the year that
the award is presented.

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 85

FABTECH

9:45 a.m. – 10:15 a.m. 2:45 p.m. – 4:00 p.m.

Adams Memorial Membership Award Lecture
Prof. Patricio F. Mendez, University of Alberta
This award, established by the American Welding Society, is
given as a means of recognizing educators whose teaching
activities are considered to have advanced the knowledge of
welding of the undergraduate or postgraduate students in
their respective engineering institutions. Each awardee re-
ceives a certificate and all current volumes of the Welding
Handbook.
10:15 a.m. – 10:30 a.m. — Break
10:30 a.m. – 11:30 a.m.
Plummer Memorial Education Lecture
Mr. Leland Vetter, Eastern Wyoming College
Training Welders for the Energy Industry — Training for
the Way I Do It. This award has been established by the
American Welding Society to recognize an outstanding indi-
vidual who has made significant contributions to welding
education and training, and to recognize Fred L. Plummer’s
service to the Society as President from 1952 to 1954 and
Executive Director from 1957 to 1969. A certificate and
bronze medal are presented at the annual Awards Luncheon
held during FABTECH.
11:30 a.m. – 12:00 noon
Educators Roundtable Discussion: Best Practices
in Welding Education and Training
Mr. Ed Norman, EDCO and AWS Education Committee
Please join the chairman of the AWS Education Committee
and our three lecture awardees in a roundtable discussion of
Best Practices in Welding Education and Training.
12:00 noon – 1:30 p.m.— Lunch Sponsored by Hypertherm, Inc.
Understanding Automated Cutting Options
for Welding Education
Presentation by Jim Colt, Hypertherm, Inc.
Rolling presentations by representatives from
skilled trades organizations, including:
1. Mike Relyin, International Association of Bridge and
Structural Iron Workers of America
2. Steve Kowats, Sheet Metal Workers’ International
Association
3. Tim Gilligan, United Association – Pipefitters
4. Ronny Vanscoy, International Brotherhood of
Boilermakers
Wednesday, November 12
4:00 p.m. – 5:00 p.m. TBD
9:00 a.m. – 9:30 a.m.
Welcome/Introductions
Duncan Estep
9:30 a.m. – 10:00 a.m.
Weld­Ed Overview
Monica Pfarr
Discussion is centered on the National Center for Welding
Education and Training (Weld-Ed) and its contributions to
the field of welding education. Changes in the focus of the
NSF grant.
10:00 a.m. – 11:40 a.m.
Educators Professional Development Modules
This session provides information about the professional
development opportunities offered by Weld-Ed. This in-
cludes face-to-face training programs with hands-on experi-
ence in welding. Weld-Ed also offers customized training
catered to the needs of the educators.
10:00 a.m. – 10:10 a.m.
Overview
Duncan Estep

10:10 a.m. – 10:20 a.m.

1:30 p.m. – 2:00 p.m.
Module 1: Welding Metallurgy
Exploiting Commercial Welding Pamphlets and
Mark Baugh
Booklets as Instructional Material
Nick Price, Davis Applied Technology College, South Kaysville,
UT 10:20 a.m. – 10:40 a.m.
Module 2: Welding Processes
2:00 p.m. – 2:30 p.m. Dan Turner
Making Sense of S.E.N.S.E.
10:40 a.m. – 10:50 a.m.
Gordon Reynolds, Mountainland Applied Technology College,
Orem, UT Module 3: Welding Design,
Fabrication and Robotics
2:30 p.m. – 2:45 p.m. – Break Rick Polanin

86 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014

 FABTECH

10:50 a.m. – 11:00 a.m. – Break 3:10 p.m. – 3:30 p.m.

Affiliate Network / Wrap up and Evaluations
11:00 a.m. – 11:10 a.m. Duncan Estep
Module 4: Welding Codes and Standards Join Weld-Ed in its quest to build a solid foundation of
Joel Johnson highly trained technicians to fulfill the demand of industry.

11:10 a.m. – 11:20 a.m.

Thursday, November 13
8:00 a.m. – 9:00 a.m.
Module 5: Laser Welding
Tim Baber
Education in the YouTube Age

9:00 a.m. – 9:30 a.m.

11:20 a.m. – 11:30 a.m.
Using Games to Drive Engagement
Module 6: Welding Teaching Strategies and
Instructional Design
9:30 a.m. – 10:00 a.m.
Rick Polanin
Teaching on a Budget: Low­Cost Educational
Technologies that Can Be Used Today
11:40 a.m. – 12:20 p.m. – Lunch and Speaker Sponsored by
Hypertherm, Inc.
10:00 a.m. – 10:30 a.m. – Networking Break
12:30 p.m. – 3:30 p.m.
Welding Equipment Manufacturers 10:30 a.m. – 11:00 a.m.
The Informal Student: Using Technology to Drive
1:10 p.m. – 1:40 p.m. Informal Learning
Session #1: Lincoln Electric
11:00 a.m. – 12:00 noon
1:40 p.m. – 2:10 p.m. Mind the Gap: Using Technology to Bridge the
Session #2: Miller Electric Skill Gap

2:10 p.m. – 2:40 p.m. 12:00 noon – 1:00 p.m. – Lunch

Session #3: ESAB
1:00 p.m. – 1:30 p.m.
2:40 p.m. – 3:10 p.m. Introducing the AWS Advanced
Session #4: Victor Technologies Skill Certification System

1:30 p.m. – 2:00 p.m.

AWS Educational Technologies

2:00 p.m. – 4:00 p.m.

Educational Technology Demos and Presentation

RWMA Resistance Welding School

Wednesday, November 12
7:45 a.m. – 5:30 p.m.
RWMA Resistance Welding School –
Day 1 Room C109
Registration Code: W28

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 87

FABTECH
7:45 a.m. – 8:00 a.m.
Welcome and Introduction to Resistance Welding
Mark Siehling, Vice President of Engineering, RoMan
Manufacturing, Inc.
8:00 a.m. – 8:30 a.m.
Basics of Resistance Welding Video – Part I
8:30 a.m. – 11:00 a.m.
Electrodes and Tooling
Bill Brafford, Technical Liaison Manager, Tuffaloy Products, Inc.
This session will focus on the classification, selection and
maintenance of electrodes and fixtures as they pertain to
numerous applications. Discover powerful problem/evalua-
tion/solution techniques that will keep a production process
running longer — and operation more efficient.
11:15 a.m. – 12:15 p.m.
Tabletop Exhibits
12:15 p.m. – 12:45 p.m. – Lunch Served
12:45 p.m. – 2:45 p.m.
Welding Controls
Don Sorenson, Director of Engineering, ENTRON Controls,
LLC.
This discussion focuses on the selection, descriptions, and
applications of welding timers, contractors, and accessories.
Packed with a punch, Don Sorenson drives home under-
standing energy that creates a weld, H=I2rt, that is unforget-
table. Learn how this invaluable formula is used in every
resistance welding application — every day — every cycle —
all the time.
3:00 p.m. – 5:30 p.m.
Electrical Power Systems
Mark Siehling, Vice President Engineering, RoMan
Manufacturing, Inc.
88 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014
This session reviews the descriptions and maintenance of
electrical power components and conductors from the weld
control to the electrode. This lively presentation has some-
thing for everybody. Utilizing several small demonstrations,
Mark Siehling will keep attendees on the edge of their seats
as he highlights the important part of the resistance welding
process.
Thursday, November 13
8:00 a.m. – 3:45 p.m.
RWMA Resistance Welding School –
Day 2 Room C109
Registration Code: W28
8:00 a.m. – 10:00 a.m.
Welding Processes and Machines
Tim Foley, Sales Manager, Automation International, Inc.
This session will reinforce the very essence of how the re-
sistance welding process works and how the process relates
to each of the four resistance welding processes. This ses-
sion will be full of application examples from each process,
and will show how machinery utilizes the individual compo-
nents and elements illustrated in the other sessions.
10:15 a.m. – 10:45 a.m.
Basics of Resistance Welding Video – Part II
10:45 a.m. – 12:00 noon
Troubleshooting and Maintenance
Bruce Kelly, President, Kelly Welding Solutions
With more than 30 years of experience in the auto industry
specifying, installing, and troubleshooting resistance weld-
ing systems, Bruce Kelly provides tips on how to find the
reasons why welds don’t turn out the way some would like.
This presentation is filled with real-life examples of prob-
lems that have baffled maintenance people for generations.
12:00 noon – 1:15 p.m. – Lunch Served
1:15 p.m. – 3:15 p.m.
Initial Machine Setup
Mike Prokop, Assistant Chief Engineer and Innovation Leader,
Taylor–Winfield Technologies, Inc.
Prokop takes the mystery out of weld program setup by
guiding attendees through the steps required to select
proper welding schedules. He will also introduce preventive
maintenance programs designed to make resistance welding
operations more profitable. Hands-on demonstrations peak
this presentation.
3:15 p.m. – 3:45 p.m.
Question and Answer Session
 FABTECH

AWS Technical Committee Meetings

All AWS technical committee meetings are open to the public. Persons wishing to attend a meeting should contact the staff
secretary of the committee at AWS, 8669 NW 36 Street, #130, Miami, FL 33166; telephone (305) 443-9353.

H ­ Hilton Atlanta
C ­ Georgia World Congress Center
Monday November 11
7:00 a.m. – 10:00 a.m.
(H) Room 301
C6D Subcommittee on Friction Stir
Welding
Chelsea Lewis, ext. 306
1:00 p.m. – 5:00 p.m.
(C) Room C106
B1 Main / B1A joint meeting
B1 Committee on Methods of Inspec­
tion/B1A Subcommittee on
Nondestructive Examination of Welds
Efram Abrams, ext. 307
8:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m. 9:00 a.m. – 10:30 a.m.
(H) Room 303 (H) Room 301
D17D Subcommittee on Resistance G2D Subcommittee on Reactive Alloys
Welding Jennifer Molin, ext. 304
Jennifer Molin, ext. 304
10:30 a.m. – 12:00 noon
8:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m. (H) Room 301
(H) Room 305 A5K Subcommittee on Titanium and
D17J Subcommittee on Friction Stir Zirconium Filler Metals
Welding for Aerospace Jennifer Molin, ext. 304
Jennifer Molin, ext. 304
Thursday November 13
7:00 a.m. – 10:00 a.m.
8:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m. (H) Room 301
(H) Room 302 C6D Subcommittee on Friction Stir
D15C Subcommittee on Track Welding Welding
Jennifer Rosario, ext. 308 Chelsea Lewis, ext. 306

12:00 noon – 8:00 p.m.
(H) Room 302
C7, C7B, C7C, and C7D (will be broken
out into different meetings in
program)
C7 Committee on High Energy Beam
Welding and Cutting/C7B Subcommit­
tee on Electron Beam Welding and
Cutting/C7C Subcommittee on Laser
Beam Welding and Cutting/C7D Sub­
committee on Hybrid Welding
Chelsea Lewis, ext. 306
1:00 p.m. – 4:30 p.m. 8:00 a.m. – 12:00 noon
(C) Room C106 (C) Room C106
WHC Welding Handbook Committee D14I Subcommittee on Hydraulic
Annette O’Brien, ext. 303 Cylinders
Efram Abrams, ext. 307
Wednesday November 12
8:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m. 1:00 p.m. – 4:00 p.m.
(H) Room 302 (C) Room C106
D17K Subcommittee on Fusion D14 Committee on Machinery and
Welding Equipment
Jennifer Molin, ext. 304 Efram Abrams, ext. 307

8:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m.
(C) Room C109
C2, C2F, C2G, and C2J (will be broken
out into different meetings in
program)
C2 Committee on Thermal Spraying/
C2F Subcommittee on Thermal Spray
Operator Qualification/C2G Subcom­
mittee on Thermal Spray Equipment/
C2J Subcommittee on Feedstock for
Thermal Spray
Jennifer Rosario, ext. 308
9:00 a.m. – 12:00 noon
(C) Room C106
D14C Subcommittee on Earthmoving
and Construction Equipment
Efram Abrams, ext. 307
1:00 p.m. – 4:00 p.m.
(C) Room C106
D14E Subcommittee on Welding of
Presses and Industrial and Mill Cranes
Efram Abrams, ext. 307
8:00 a.m. – 12:00 noon
(H) Room 302
D17K Subcommittee on Fusion
Welding
Jennifer Molin, ext. 304
1:00 p.m. – 5:00 p.m.
(H) Room 302
D17 Committee on Welding in the
Aircraft and Aerospace Industries
Jennifer Molin, ext. 304

Tuesday November 11 7:00 a.m. – 8:30 a.m.

9:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m. (C) Room C106
(H) Room 301 D16 Committee on Robotic and
D9 Committee on the Welding, Automatic Welding
Brazing, and Soldering of Sheet Metal Chelsea Lewis, ext. 306
Jennifer Molin, ext. 304

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 89

FABTECH
Welding Show 2014
Exhibit Highlights
This alphabetical listing of exhibitors in the 2014 AWS Welding Show offers a preview of what they display in each booth. AWS
Sustaining Member Companies are highlighted in color.
ABB, Inc. — Robotics C1510
www.abb.com/robotics
ABB will feature its industrial robots,
modular manufacturing systems, and
services to promote productivity,
product quality, and worker safety. Its
services include providing specialized
process and turn-key solutions to
meet each manufacturer’s
requirements.
Abicor Binzel Corp. C1344
www.binzel­abicor.com
Abicor Binzel will display its GMA,
GTA, and robotic air- and water-cooled
torches with accessories and chemicals
used in welding operations.
90 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014
Above Material Technology
Co., Ltd.
www.amt­alloys.com
Above Material Technology will dis-
play its titanium welding wires, nano
stainless steel atomized powders for
thermal spraying, PTA hardfacing and
WC-Co and Cr3C2-NiCr spraying pow-
ders, and related products.
Ace Industrial Products C3157
www.aceindustrialproducts.com
Ace Industrial Products will showcase
its lines of heavy-duty and mobile
source-capture welding-fume extrac-
tors and related equipment, including
downdraft tables and extraction arms,
For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index
C1052 to maximize effectiveness for both in-
shop and field operations. The prod-
ucts are designed to control hexava-
lent chromium fumes.
Advanced Cylinder Products C3662
www.weldcylinders.com
Advanced Technology & C59
Materials Co., Ltd.
www.atmwelding.com
AGT Robotics C3522
www.agtrobotics.com
AGT Robotics will present its lines of
industrial robots, 3D vision, and soft-
ware products featuring self-learning
technology, designed specifically for
 FABTECH

low-volume and high-mix production
operations. Robotic solutions will be
displayed for welding, cutting, grind-
ing, gouging, and marking.
Air Products and C1138
Chemicals, Inc.
www.airproducts.com/metalfab
Air Purification, Inc. C3357
www.airpurinc.com
Allcryo C2262 stock) capacities up to 5000 lb, and
www.allcryo.com fixed or adjustable head/tailstock capac-
ities up to 65,000 lb, designed for as-
Allpro Machinery, Inc. A2952 sembly or welding. A speciality is build-
www.allpromachinery.net ing heavy-duty lifting equipment to cus-
tomers’ specifications.
ALM Materials Handling C3049
www.almmh.com Alpha Professional Tools C3606
www.alpha­tools.com
ALM Materials Handling will feature its
positioners with single-column (head- Alpha Professional Tools® will display

Air Purification engineering staff will

be at the booth to discuss your air
quality needs. Shown will be its lines
of replacement air filters, air cleaners,
bag houses, cyclones, downdraft ta-
bles, dust collectors, dust-control
booths, fans and blowers, ducts, fume-
extraction arms, mist and smoke col-
lectors, and vehicle exhaust systems.
s Positive Material Identification
Airflow Systems, Inc. C3228 s Fast alloy ID and chemistry
www.airflowsystems.com s Completely non-destructive
s Prevents material mix-up
Airflow Systems will showcase its lines s Lightweight – only 1.5kg / 3.3 lbs,
of air-filtration products, including including battery
dust and mist collectors, fume extrac-
tors, and vehicle exhaust controllers.

Airgas, Inc. C1334

www.airgas.com

Airgas will promote its products, serv-

ice, and expertise for industrial gases
and welding equipment, including the
latest in automation, safety, and vend- Integrated Camera
ing. Visitors will be offered a welding
efficiency analysis of their operations. Small Spot Coll
ollimator
Alabama Laser B2567
www.alabamalaser.com

Alabama Laser will detail its complete

line of laser job shop services and cus-
tom laser systems for cladding and
cutting, welding, etching, marking,
heat treating, and micromachining.
Definition of Prrecision
Visit the booth to discuss your specific
needs. The S1 TIT
TITAN
TAN
TA
Ultra light and exceptionally
ceptionally accurate
accur
For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index

Alabama Robotics C3034

Technology Park XRF alloy analyzer which provides
vides grade ID and
lemental chemistry of virtually
ually an
any alloy.
www.alabamartp.org
www.bruker.com/s1titan hhsales@Bruk
hhsales@Bruker-Elemental.net
uker-Elemental.net
r-
AlcoTec Wire Co. C2444
www.alcotec.com

Alfra USA, LLC C3237

Handheld XRF
www.alfra.us Innovation with Integrity

See us at FABTECH booth C3233

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 91
FABTECH
its virtually dust-free system for re-
moving mill scale, paint, and rust.
Also to be shown is its “Spark Buster"
that can transform a high-speed
grinder into a multipurpose saw for
cutting ferrous metal and stainless
steels.
American Society for C3663
Nondestructive Testing
www.asnt.org
American Society for Nondestructive
Testing personnel will be on hand to de-
scribe the society’s technical expertise,
personnel certification requirements,
career opportunities, evolving technolo-
gies, and information transfer.
American Technical C3240
Publishers
www.atplearning.com
American Technical Publishers (ATP),
an independent publisher of print and
electronic products, will display a
broad range of its applied postsec-
Magnetic Centering Punch
Magnetic Base
Center head with magnetic aluminum base can be used on the circumference of pipe or tanks. Digital gage
See us at FABTECH booth C3145
provides highly visible, accurate reading when establishing a centerline. Built in spring loaded hardened striking
pin marks location with the push of a button. Detachable digital gage comes with a magnetic base for additional
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92 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014
ondary education content featuring
programs in the welding skills area.
American Torch Tip Co., Inc. C2962
www.americantorchtip.com
American Torch Tip personnel will be
available at the booth to discuss weld-
ing and cutting products, automated
machining processes, and your specific
needs. On display will be the compa-
ny’s lines of cutting torches, welding
guns, consumables, and plasma
components.
American Welding Society C2762
www.aws.org
The American Welding Society (AWS)
was founded in 1919 as a multifaceted,
nonprofit organization. Its mission is
to advance the science, technology,
and application of welding and allied
joining and cutting processes world-
wide. From factory floor to high-rise
construction, from military weaponry
to home products, AWS continues to
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3 Magnetic base
3 Removable gage with magnetic base
Push button release
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For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index
lead the way in supporting welding ed-
ucation and technology development.
AWS Certification C2762
The American Welding Society devel-
ops and administers a variety of certi-
fication programs to help welding pro-
fessionals identify qualified personnel
and provide individuals with meaning-
ful career objectives. The AWS Certi-
fied Welding Inspector (CWI) program
currently lists more than 40,000 in-
spectors designated as Senior CWI
(SCWI), CWI, or Certified Associate
Welding Inspector (CAWI). Since
1976, more than 85,000 inspectors
have been certified. The AWS CWI
program has become the gold standard
for welding inspector credentials. It
has enhanced the careers of many
thousands of welding professionals. In
1989, the AWS Certified Welder pro-
gram was launched to document the
qualifications of welders nationwide.
Certified Welder certifications are
maintained by AWS in a National Reg-
istry. The testing facilities that con-
Centering Punch
and carrying case
Gage with Alignment
Magnetic Base Indicator
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For Info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index
For Info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index
 FABTECH

duct the qualification procedures are the AWS bookstore offerings to save tional events. Contribute to your in-
accredited by AWS and published in a 25% on more than 300 items. Save dustry by volunteering your expertise
list of Accredited Test Facilities (ATFs). $135 and get a two-year AWS Mem- on one of the Society’s 150 technical
In 1991, the AWS Certified Welding bership when you sign up for the Pro- committees. For depth, details, and
Educator (CWE) program was intro- fessional Program at FABTECH. Stay technical insight, AWS has all the an-
duced, allowing welding instructors to informed reading about the latest swers you need.
earn this important credential. The products, trends, and technology with
Society also offers several endorse- 12 monthly issues of the Welding Jour- Welding Journal/Welding Journal en
ments designed to enhance an individ- nal. Looking for a job? Network with Español/Inspection Trends
ual’s credentials and/or satisfy the 9- others in your field at the local AWS Welding Journal is the official AWS
year recertification for CWIs and Section meetings and dozens of educa- publication. This award-winning
SCWIs. The current endorsements in-
clude D1.1, D1.2, D1.5, D15.1, D17.1,
API 1104, ASME Section IX: B31.1 and
B31.3, ASME Section VIII Div. 1 and
IX, Structural Bolting, and Structural
Drawing Reading. Other AWS certifi-
cation programs include Certified
Welding Supervisor (CWS), Certified
Radiographic Interpreter (CRI), Certi-
fied Welding Fabricator (CWF), Certi-
fied Robotic Arc Welding Operator
INTRODUCING
INTRODUCING THE
(CRAW), Certified Welding Engineer
(CWE), and Certified Welding Sales
Representative (CWSR). All of these
programs are offered domestically and
many are offered worldwide. The certi-
fication requirements are developed by
committees of industry leaders who
volunteer their services. Visit the
booth to learn more about serving on
one of these committees and how ob-
taining AWS certifications can benefit
you and your company.

AWS Foundation A2612

Be sure to visit the “Careers in Weld-
ing” trailer hosted by AWS and The
Lincoln Electric Co. Test your hands-
on skills using a VRTEX™ 360 virtual CR P
C PORTABILITY:
ORTA ABILITY Y:
reality arc welding trainer. The trailer
also features many other educational IIT’S ABOUT
T’’S A TIME,
BOUT TIME, IIT’S ABOUT
T’’S A SPACE
BOUT SP
PACE
exhibits plus a social media center. In mobile imaging environments, portability and workflow are critical.
Many CR systems are referred to as portable, but if you’ve ever had to carry
AWS Membership C2762 them to the job site or fit them into a mobile darkroom, you realize they
At this writing, AWS provides services aren’t so portable. That’s why Carestream NDT created the next generation
to 59,993 individual members, 2,268 HPX-PRO.
of truly portable CR systems; HPX- PRO. Not only does it have the smallest
corporate members, and 10,003 stu- footprint in the industry, but it can be carried with one hand or with a
dent and transitional members world- shoulder strap and easily fits into a mobile darkroom. Designed for high
wide. AWS members include welders, production image processing, exceptional image quality, rapid analysis and
inspectors, engineers, scientists, edu- annotation, simple file sharing, and automated custom reporting,
cators, shop foremen, company execu- Carestream’s HPX-PRO is redefining the portable CR space.
tives, and sales associates. Member in-
terests include automatic, semiauto- Progressive.
Progressive.
matic, and manual welding, brazing, Productive.
Productive.
soldering, ceramics, laminations, ro-
botics, and safety and health. Drop by Profitable.
Profitable.
the AWS Membership Booth to sign www.carestream.com
up for an Individual Membership and Carestream NDT
receive a welding publication (up to a © 2014 Carestream, Inc. Rochester, N.Y. 14608

$192 value) at a 90% discount. Browse

For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 95

FABTECH
monthly publication features articles
on practical and applied welding tech-
nology, information on the Society’s
activities and programs, a variety of
monthly columns, and industry ex-
perts answer readers’ questions about
stainless steel, aluminum, brazing, sol-
dering, and resistance welding. The
Research Supplement section presents
peer-reviewed research papers of in-
terest to the welding community.
Welding Journal en Español presents se-
lected articles previously published in
the Welding Journal plus articles of
special interest to welding profession-
als in the Latin-American markets.
Inspection Trends, published quarterly,
features timely articles on all phases of
nondestructive examination, profiles
of inspection personnel, the latest in-
spection-related technologies, and
news and expert-written columns pro-
viding practical information of partic-
ular interest to Certified Welding
Inspectors.
For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index
96 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014
AWS American Welding Online
awo.aws.org
American Welding Online (AWO) is an
online educational community for the
welding industry. Its mission is to ad-
vance the science, technology, and ap-
plication of welding and allied joining
and cutting processes worldwide, in-
cluding brazing, soldering, and ther-
mal spraying. AWO provides online
courses, blogs, podcasts, virtual con-
ferences, and other educational re-
sources for the welding community.
Visit the booth for a chance to win free
online courses and learn how AWO can
help you advance your career.
AWS Publications/ C1
World Engineering Xchange
www.awspubs.com
World Engineering Xchange (WEX)
will spotlight welding and engineering
industry publications, including its
support for welding education by
working on behalf of the American
Welding Society.
AMET, Inc. C2256
www.ametinc.com
AMET will display its automated weld-
ing systems featuring precision
controls and welding fixtures. Visit
the booth to discuss your welding
requirements.
Andersen Industries, Inc. C1654
www.andersonmp.com
Anhui Etal Welding and C3339
Cutting Development
www.etal.com
Anhui Etal, part of the Hefei Sanyu
Electric Group, will feature at the
booth its line of high-power, high-fre-
quency inverter power supplies de-
signed for welding in mass production
operations.
Antec Electronics Co., Ltd. C3534
www.antec.cn
Antec Electronics will demonstrate its
line of professional welding helmets
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ON LIFTER 1/2 TON
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For Info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index
 Qualify Your
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TRIANGLE ENGINEERING,
ENGINEERING INC.
Services
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 FABTECH

with autodarkening filters. The prod-
ucts are designed to meet ANSI Z87.1,
CE EN379, specifications.
Anthony Welded Products, Inc. C3450
www.anthonycarts.com
Aquasol Corp. C2118
www.aquasolwelding.com
Aquasol® will display its lines of water-
soluble papers, tapes, and preformed
purge dams, modular inflatable blad-
der systems, aluminum tapes, fiber-
glass backing tapes, socket weld spacer
rings, alignment sticks, and the Pro
OX®-100 oxygen monitor. Visit the
booth to learn how these products can
improve your welding operations.
ARC Abrasives, Inc. C1322
www.arcabrasives.com
ARC Abrasives personnel will be avail-
able to answer your questions about
weld removal, deburring, flash re-
moval, and finishing metallic surfaces.
ing, cladding, hardfacing, finishing, in- Arcon Welding Equipment will display
spection, tapping, cutting, conveying, its line of corrosion-resistant inverter-
assembly, material handling, polishing, based welding machines designed for
machine vision, machine tending, and harsh environments, including off-
pressure and vacuum testing. shore platforms, shipyards, mines,
power plants, and rental fleets.
ARCBRO C3433
Arrow Castings, Ltd. C2417
Arcon Welding C3210
Equipment, LLC ASSA ABLOY Entrance Systems C3344
www.arconweld.com www.assabloyentrance.com
PIPEMASTER.
Simply the Best Tool
for Welding Small Pipe
Thirty-five years of listening to our customers and continuous
product improvement have led to the Pipemaster 515 and D-Head.
The system welds pipe from 1" - 14" (tubes from 1" - 5" OD).

Arc Machines, Inc. C1964

www.arcmachines.com

Arc Machines will highlight its ad-

vanced orbital gas tungsten arc weld-
ing systems for tube to tube, tube to
fitting, tube to tube sheet, pipe to
pipe, pipe to fitting, and custom-de-
signed applications. The systems have
applications in the nuclear, aerospace,
biotechnology, petrochemical, phar-
maceutical, and other industries.

Arc Products C2022 Let us demonstrate how you can increase your productivity and
www.arcproducts.com lower defect rates with the high duty cycle that only machine
welding can achieve.
The Arc Products booth will display its Pipemaster 515
Worldwide installations in daily use
line of welding products, including prove that there is a better way.
joint-tracking equipment, torch height
control (AVC), magnetic arc control, Pendant
and a complete line of orbital arc weld-
ing equipment. Personnel will be on
hand to discuss the company’s in-
house engineering and fabrication
See us at FABTECH booth C3144

services, including custom turn-key

welding packages and a wide range of D-Head
automated welding-related products.

Arc Specialties, Inc. C1308

www.arcspecialties.com ORBITAL WELDING SYSTEMS

Arc Specialties will showcase its robotic

solutions capabilities for many manu- (+1) 860 653-2573 • info@MagnatechLLC.com • www.MagnatechLLC.com
facturing applications, including weld-
For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 99

FABTECH
ASSA ABLOY Entrance Systems will
demonstrate its Albany-brand high-
speed automated doors for protecting
personnel and machines on assembly
line operations involving welding, ro-
botic cells, cutting, milling, painting,
tool handling, conveyor, and storage
systems.
ATI Industrial Automation
www.ati­ia.com
ATI Industrial Automation will display
its line of robotic accessories and ro-
bot arm tooling, including automatic
tool changers, multiaxis force/torque
sensing systems, utility couplers, ro-
botic deburring tools, robotic collision
sensors, and compliance devices.
Atlanta Drive Systems, Inc.
www.atlantadrives.com
The Atlanta Drive Systems booth will
feature its extensive lines of rack and
pinion drive technologies, servo-
reducers, and linear actuators.
For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index
100 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014
Atlas Copco Tools and C3009
Assembly Systems
www.atlascopco.us
Auburn Manufacturing, Inc. C2558
www.auburnmfg.com
Auburn Manufacturing will feature its
NFPA 51B-compliant hot-work fabrics
C1650 for fire-prevention applications in the
shipbuilding, nuclear power, petrole-
um, and steelmaking industries.
Avani Environmental Int’l, Inc. C2156
www.avanienvironmental.com
Avani Environmental Int’l will feature
its ventilation and exhaust equipment
for vocational and industrial facilities
that are designed to meet OSHA’s lat-
C3313 est requirements for worker safety.
AVS Industries, LLC C3403
www.avsind.com
AVS Industries will be featuring its line
of high-temperature silica fabrics for
welding, cutting, and thermal protec-
tion in various weights and widths up to
See us at FABTECH booth B4341
60 in. Other products to be shown in-
clude aluminized foil and Mylar® film
reflective insulating fabrics, and special-
ty silica tapes, ropes, and sleeving.
B&B Pipe & Industrial Tool C79
www.bbpipetools.com
Beijing Essen Welding C3115
& Cutting Fair
www.beijing­essen­welding.com
Beijing Metals & Minerals Corp. C55
www.bjmmt.com
Bernard C2944
www.bernardwelds.com
Bernard will feature its lines of manual
arc and semiautomatic gas metal arc
and flux-cored arc welding consum-
ables, guns, and accessories.
Bessey Tools North America C2622
www.besseytools.com
Bessey® Tools will demonstrate its ex-
tensive line of professional hand tools
for clamping and cutting.
 FABTECH

Blackjack Pipejack Stands, LLC C3254

www.pipejack.com
One Powerful Drive Unit...
Bluco Corp. C1730 Dozens of Accessories...
www.bluco.com
Thousands of Applications!!!
Bluco will showcase its modular fixturing MODULAR DRIVE SYSTEM
for machining, welding, inspection, and
assembly operations. Staff members will
be on hand to suggest ways modular tool- Visit us at Fabtech 3 Ye
Year
ing can benefit your company’s Booth C2106 Warranty
operations. 1-800-245-3186
www.bugo.com
Bonal Technologies, Inc. C3354
www.bonal.com

Bonal Technologies will display its line of

subharmonic vibratory technology for use
in shop and field applications. Showcased
will be the Pulse Puddle Arc Welding®
equipment and Meta-Lax® 2400 touch-
screen-controlled stress-relieving equip-
ment for minimizing weld distortion and
cracking and increasing ductility.

Bore Repair Systems, Inc. C3241

www.borerepair.com

Bore Repair Systems will feature its gas

metal arc bore welding equipment, align The Modular Drive System is the only American made travel carriage.
boring bars, and new accessories used in For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index
the repair of worn bores in the mining,
construction, machining, and marine
industries.

Bradford Derustit Corp. C2011

www.derustit.com

Bradford Derustit staff will be at the booth

to demonstrate the company’s products
for pickling stainless steel, passivating,
cleaning, and degreasing metals.

Broad Industrial Group, Ltd. C35

www.cn­topwell.com

TOPWELL® will feature the latest models

in its AluMIG and MasterTIG series of
software-controlled welding machines.
The units feature a heavy-duty soft-
switching IGBT inverter, and modularized
assembly system.

Broco, Inc. C2045

www.brocoinc.com

Broco and Rankin Industries will display a

wide range of maintenance and repair weld-
ing, cutting, and wear-resistant products,
and exothermic cutting and underwater
welding systems. Also featured will be hard- For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 101

FABTECH
facing electrodes, wires, and powders, lines of equipment and consumables
and a line of automatic, semiautomatic, for sectioning, grinding, polishing,
and manual gas metal arc carbide over- hardness testing, and microscopy.
lay equipment.
Buffalo Shrink Wrap C3428
Bruker Corp. C3233 www.buffaloshrinkwrap.com
www.bruker.com/elemental
Buffalo Shrink Wrap personnel will
Bruker will showcase its complete line demonstrate the company’s line of
of elemental analysis tools based on heavy-duty shrink wrap and applica-
optical emission (OES) and combus- tion equipment for protecting items
tion gas analysis. during shipping and storage.
BTIC America Corp. C3366 Bug­O Systems/ C2106
www.americafortune.com Weld Tooling Corp.
www.bugo.com
America Fortune Co., an exclusive
agent for BTIC, will feature the compa- The Bug-O Systems booth will feature
ny’s line of high-pressure steel gas the company’s track, automation, and
cylinders and accumulator shells. motion-control technology for arc
Products include fire-fighting cylin- welding and cutting operations.
ders, composites, and acetylene and
cryogenic cylinders. It is also a suppli- Bullard C3532
er of various welding supplies. www.bullard.com
Buehler, an ITW Company C3332 Burleson Texas A3053
www.buehler.com Economic Development
www.burlesontxedc.com
Buehler will highlight its complete
NOW AVAILABLE! ISO CYLINDERS
BTIC AMERICA
RICA CORP.
CORP
P.
HEAD OFFICE
6600 SANDS POINT DR. #121
HOUSTON, TX 77074
P: (713)779-8882
F: (713)774-1763
WWW.BTIC-AMERICA.COM
For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index
102 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014
Burny Kaliburn C2022
www.burnykaliburn.com
Burny Kaliburn, a Lincoln Electric
company, will showcase its extensive
line of high-current-density plasma
systems featuring high-quality cuts
and low operating costs.
Cambridge Vacuum C3451
Engineering
www.camvaceng.com
Cambridge Vacuum Engineering will
highlight its electron beam welding
machines ranging from 50 to 200 kV
with beam powers up to 100 kW.
Capital Weld Cleaners C2238
www.capitalweldcleaners.com
Capital Weld Cleaners will display its
efficient electrochemical method that
uses precision technology to instantly
clean discoloration from recently weld-
ed stainless steel parts.
CDS Corp. C1258
www.cdsindexers.com
SERVICE CENTER
7171 PATTERSON DRIVE
GARDEN GROVE, CA 92841
P: (714) 893-4951
F: (714) 891-3403
See us at FABTECH booth C3366
See us at FABTECH booth C3129
For Info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index
 Mercer Abrasives introduces... ®

our brand new line of ceramic grain products.

C O MIN G S O O N !

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 See us at FABTECH booth C2538
 FABTECH

CDS will present its line of high-precision motion-con-

trol products for precise work positioning in robotic
cells, pallet transfer conveyors, and servo turntables de-
signed for use in robotic work cells.

Cebotech, Inc. C3439

www.cebotechusa.com

Cerbaco, Ltd. A2944

www.cerbaco.com

Cerbaco will provide samples from its line of more than

500 configurations of nonmetallic weld backings that
permit finished-quality, complete joint penetration
welds from one side. Visit the booth for technical assis-
tance and free custom design services.

CGW­Camel C3530
Grinding Wheels USA
www.cgwcamel.com

CGW-Camel Grinding Wheels will showcase its abrasive

products, resinbonded and coated for surface condition-
ing. Products will include Semi-Flex-Rigid discs, Green
Grind wheels, cotton fiber wheels, and Quickie Cut pre-
mium cut-off wheels.

CH Steel Solutions, Inc. C517

www.chsteelsolutions.com

CH Steel Solutions specialists will show its cantilever

racking systems for the metals and manufacturing in-
dustry and offer its design, layout, engineering, and
turn-key installation services. The company also offers
side loaders and lifts from Combilift.

Changzhou Huarui Welding C3107

& Cutting Equipment Co., Ltd.
www.huarui­cn.com

Changzhou Huatong C3652

Welding Industry Co., Ltd.
www.htw.cn

Changzhou Huatong will display its lines of high-quality

solid and flux cored, mild steel, stainless steel, and alu-
minum-alloy welding wires, electrodes, welding ma-
chines, CNC portable/gantry plasma/flame-cutting ma-
chines, various accessories, and safety products.

Changzhou Longren Mechanical C3119

For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index

& Electrical Co., Ltd.

www.longrenwelding.com

Changzhou Longren will feature its lines of gas metal arc

and tungsten arc welding and plasma arc cutting torches
and accessories at the booth.

Changzhou Shine Science C3117

& Technology Co., Ltd.
www.shine­xunan.com
See us at FABTECH booth C3129

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 105

FABTECH
Changzhou Shine will feature its wide
range of high-tech welding helmets
certified to ANSI, CSA, and CE. Visit
the booth to discuss your needs.
Changzhou Wujin Golden Globe C63
Welding & Cutting Machinery Co., Ltd.
www.cn­goldenglobe.com
Changzhou Wujin Golden Globe will
display its wide range of welding acces-
sories, guns, and torches, as well as
safety protective equipment and tools
designed for welding and cutting.
Changzhou Zhengyang C3109
Welding Material Co., Ltd.
www.zywelding.com
Changzhou Zhengyang will display its
extensive lines of welding wires, in-
cluding about 100 different varieties
and specifications for gas shielded,
flux cored, aluminum welding, and
others.
Chart, Inc. C3322
www.chartindustries.com
106 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014
Chart will feature its cryogenic and
gas-processing products and systems
for a wide variety of applications, in-
cluding purification, liquefaction, pro-
duction, storage, distribution, and
end-use applications for natural and
industrial gases. Highlighted will be a
compact horizontal bulk storage tank.
China National Abrasives C3661
Industry Corp.
www.china­abrasives.com
C. H. Symington & Co., Inc. C3407
www.chsymington.com
C. H. Symington will display its line of
air-carbon arc gouging torches, manu-
al, semiautomatic, and fully digital au-
tomatic gouging systems, and related
consumables, cable connectors, and a
600-A grounding clamp. A new prod-
uct, the twist-valve bonnet assembly
torch, will also be featured.
Cibo nv C3557
www.cibo.be
For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index
CK Worldwide C1708
www.ckworldwide.com
CK Worldwide will feature its high-
quality gas tungsten arc welding torch-
es and accessories.
Clamptek Enterprise Co., Ltd. C3641
www.clamptek.com
Clamptek will display its lines of tog-
gle clamps, pneumatic and hydraulic
clamping systems, hydraulic power
units, and precision fixture systems.
Clara Vision C3635
www.weldingexpert.net
Clara Vision will showcase its Welding
Expert, an innovative tool for fast and
highly accurate weld bead inspection
and weld bead measurement that is
useful for welding certification. Appli-
cations include weld inspection, weld
analysis, welding quality control, weld
analysis, and weld measurement.
Clean Air America, Inc. A2935
www.clean­air.com
 FABTECH

Clean Air America will present its high-tech welding

booths for manual and robotic welding operations, fea-
turing effective collection and removal of oil mist and
smoke.

Cloos Robotic Welding, Inc. C1544

www.cloosrobot.com

Cloos Robotic Welding will display its QINEO® power

sources and QIROX® welding robot systems featuring
the latest technology for processing most industrial
materials.

CM Industries, Inc. C3045

www.cmindustries.com

CM Industries will display its lines of high-quality weld-

ing guns, torches, consumables, and accessories. Featured
will be the Kool Run line of robotic gas metal arc torches
and peripherals.

CMW Resistance Welding C3662

Products
www.cmwinc.com

Compressed Air Best Practices A3048

www.airbestpractices.com

Compressed Air Best Practices magazine is a free, monthly,

print and online journal dedicated to teaching industrial
compressed-air users how to reduce the energy costs (kW)
associated with these systems. “How to” articles instruct
plant engineers how to conduct assessments on air com-
pressors, blowers, vacuum, and pneumatic systems.

Computer Engineering, Inc. C2463

www.thinkcei.com

Visit the Computer Engineering booth to learn how its

software systems can save you time and money by gener-
ating fully code-checked welding documents, including
PQRs, WPSs, and WPQs, in addition to tracking welder
continuity.

Computers Unlimited C2144

www.cu.net

Computers Unlimited will demonstrate the TIMS soft-

ware products for specialty gas and welding supply dis-
tributors, featuring fully integrated cylinder
For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index

tracking/management, order-processing for gases, hard-

goods and rental equipment, inventory/warehouse man-
agement; truck routing/dispatching; electronic vendor
price updates, EDI and e-commerce; imaging, document
archiving, and data-analysis tools.

Continental Abrasives C3435

www.continentalabrasives.com

Controlled Automation, Inc. C1267

www.controlledautomation.com
See us at FABTECH booth C3129

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 107

FABTECH
Controlled Automation will showcase
its automated structural steel drilling,
punching, shape cutting machinery,
and material-handling systems.
CoreTemp Abrasives C3335
www.coretempabrasives.com
CoreTemp Abrasives will display its
line of grinding wheels, flap discs, and
cutting wheels. Each product label fea-
tures a QR barcode that can be
scanned by a smart phone to view a
three-minute product training video.
Visit the booth for a demonstration of
this feature.
Corewire, Ltd. C71
www.corewire.com
Corewire will show its lines of flux and
metal-cored wires for hardfacing appli-
cations, and other products for steel
mill roll welding and die repair in the
die forging industry, cement, earth-
moving, and mining industries. In-
cluded will be the Weldclad brand of
108 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014
products for the repair and manufac-
ture of rolls for the steel industry and
the Forgeweld brand of products for
forging die repairs and manufacturing.
COR­MET, Inc. C1205
www.cor­met.com
Cor-Met will show products in its line
of high-alloy, flux-cored welding wires
and electrodes, including nickel- and
cobalt-based, stainless steel, tool steel,
alloy steels, hardfacing, and alloys for
repairing forging dies and compo-
nents. New products to be introduced
at FABTECH will include QWP flux-
coated and flux-cored gas tungsten arc
welding rods, and a number of stain-
less steel and specialty grades.
CribMaster C3053
www.cribmaster.com
C­spec C2111
www.cspec.com
C-spec will feature the WeldOffice®
For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index
software for managing welding docu-
mentation. Visit the booth to see how
it automatically creates and checks
Welding Procedure Specifications
(WPSs), and Welder Performance
Qualification (WPQ) records that com-
ply with ASME IX, AWS D1.1, and ISO
standards.
CS Unitec, Inc. C2652
www.csunitec.com
CS Unitec will feature its electric, hy-
draulic, and pneumatic metalworking
tools for construction and industrial
applications. New products will in-
clude the PIPE-MAX combination
grinder and polisher, Multi-Max sta-
tionary multipurpose grinder and pol-
isher, and the flexible drive shaft
grinder. Other products include sur-
face-finishing and fabrication tools
and abrasives for grinding, sanding,
polishing, beveling and deburring
stainless steel, steel, aluminum, and
other nonferrous metals.
For Info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index See us at FABTECH booth C2634
 Code Data
DW-A55EH
Rutile-based
AWS A5.20 E71T-12MJ H8
ASME SFA-5.20 E71T-12MJ H8

Flux Cored Wire Outstanding Features

Meets AWS A5.20 E71T-12MJ. Excellent
impact value at low temperature down to
-40ºF can be obtained.

Produces weld metal with less than

0.5%Ni. This Ni composition allows this
wire to conform to the A-1 composition
in QW-440, section IX in the ASME
standard.

Excellent weldability not only in

Typical chemistr y of all weld metal (%) and Diffusible hydrogen content (mL/100g) horizontal but also in vertical and
C Si Mn P S Ni [H]d
overhead welding position with
Example 0.05 0.63 1.17 0.010 0.007 0.38 6.9
AWS Spec.
0.12
0.90
1.60
0.03
0.03
0.50
8.0
75-80%Ar - Bal.CO2.
Shielding gas: 75%Ar-25%CO2, As welded

Typical mechanical proper ty of weld metal
All position welding can be achieved
0.2%P.S
(ksi)
T.S
(ksi)
Elongation
(%)
Impact value (ft-lbf)
-50 °F -40 °F
with good bead appearance, negligible
Example 81 87 29 93 98 spatter, and easy slag removal.
AWS Spec. 58 70 - 90 22 Not specified 20
Test method: AWS A5.20, Welding parameter: 250A-29V, Shielding gas: 75%Ar-25%CO2, As welded

Diameters: 0.045”
Spool size: 28lbs, 44lbs

XR-Series
This reduction contributes to a safer
Introducing Kobelco’s new XR-Series wires environment by reducing the potential
Our XR-Series wires have exposure to Hexavalent Cr in the workplace.
• 75% Ar-25% CO2 gas mixture or 100% CO2
reduced the Hexavalent Cr (75% Ar-25% CO2 recommended)
production in the Kobelco XR-Series
available now:
welding fume over DW-308L-XR/E308LT0-1/4
conventional wires DW-309L-XR/E309LT0-1/4
DW-316L-XR/E316LT0-1/4
Kobelco’s XR-Series wires drastically reduce
Hexavalent CR production

For Info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index See us at FABTECH booth C2208

4755 Alpine, Suite 250, Stafford, Texas 77477

281-240-5600 • Toll-free: 800-961-3158 • Fax: 281-240-5625
www.kobelcowelding.com
KOBELCO WELDING OF Distribution Centers: Houston • Cincinnati • Salt Lake City
AMERICA INC. • Chicago • Philadelphia • Birmingham
 FABTECH

CWI Helper C3419 cooled torches including tandem, open-

www.cwihelper.com arc, gasless, submerged arc, hardband-
ing, hardfacing, and overlay welding
Cyl­Tec, Inc. C3628 torches for steel and aluminum.
www.cyl­tec.com
Diagraph MSP, an ITW Co. C2644
Cyl-Tec will highlight its products and www.diagraphmsp.com
services as a supplier of compressed gas
cylinders and accessories. Its products Diagraph MSP will show its line of
include DOT/TC high-pressure, acety- marking identification products, in-
lene, aluminum, portable cryogenic, cluding stencil equipment, inks, and ap-
and beverage-carbonation cylinders. plicators. It will demonstrate its high-
quality products such as GP-X industri-
Dakota Ultrasonics C1758 al marking pens in Classic, Eco, Grizzly,
www.dakotaultrasonics.com and Anchor styles and other low VOC
marking identification products.
Dataweld, Inc. C3153 Do you work with
www.dataweld.com Diakont A3052
www.diakont.us.com
robotic arc welding
Dengensha America Corp. C2216 machines?
www.dengensha.com Diamond Ground Products, Inc. C2132
www.diamondground.com
Dengensha America will showcase its YYou
ou
o could be the nex
next
xtt
line of resistance welding equipment, Diamond Ground Products will display AWS
A W
WS Certified Robotic
Robobo
including pedestal welding machines, its tungsten and tungsten preparation
lightweight and servo weld guns, auto- products. Information will be provided Welder!
Arc W elder
er!
matic nut and bolt feeders, controls, on the company’s dedication to the
consumables, and spare parts. Featured improvement of weld quality and
will be its new E-Series MFDC NDZ welder productivity. AAWS
W
WS createdted the Certified
welding machine, which offers ad- Roboticc Arc
A W elding (CRAW)
Welding (CRAAW W)
vanced controls for lower weld currents Diamond Saw Works, Inc. C3617
and better heat efficiency for welding www.diamondsaw.com program
gram to qualify and ultim
ultimately
high-strength steel and to create certify robotic arc welding
stronger projection welds. It will also Diamond Saw Works will show its line
display its lightweight weld guns, auto- of band saw, jig, reciprocating, air saw,
personnel. With two levels of
matic feeders, and weld controls. Expe- and circular saw blades, as well as hole AWS
W D16
certification, the AWS D1
rienced sales and engineering staff will saws, and power hacks. Commit
Committee
mmittee on robotics devel
developed
be on hand to answer questions.
Dinse, Inc. C2037 credential
a credent operators
ential for both operat torss
DE­STA­CO C3666 www.dinse­us.com and technicians
technicia
cians
ans of roboticc aarc
rc
www.destaco.com
Dinse manufactures robotic and man- welding
ding.
welding.
DE-STA-CO will display its line of ual air- and water-cooled welding guns
clamps, grippers, indexers, slides, con- and torches for all applications. The Want
Want to learn
lear
earn more?
mor
veyors, robotic tooling, and remote- company will feature its cold and hot
handling products for workplace and wire feeding systems for laser welding
Visit us in Atlan
tlanta, Georgia du
Atlanta, uring
uri
during
automation needs. and plasma brazing; robotic and man-
ual arc welding torches and equip- FFABTECH
A
ABTECH 2014.
Detroit Torch and C3538 ment; push/pull robotic and manual November 11-13
Mfg. Co., Inc. welding torches for aluminum and World
Georgia W orld Congress
www.detriottorch.com other soft wire filler materials; stan-
dard robotic tandem torches as well as Center – Hall A
D/F Machine Specialties, Inc. C2461 those with push/pull technology; ro- Atlanta, GA
www.dfmachinespecialties.com botic GTAW equipment with or with-
out cold wire feed; cold and hot wire FFor
or more
re infor
iinformation
mation and to apply
D/F Machine Specialties designs, de- feed systems for lasers; torch cleaning in advance
advance,e, visit the website at
velops, and manufactures American stations, and robot manual and auto- www.aws.org/certification/CRAW
www
w..aws.org/ce
/certification/CRAW
made GMAW and GTAW guns and matic torch changing systems.
torches for robotic and welding au-
tomation equipment. The company Direct Wire & Cable C1657
will show its line of water- and air- www.directwireusa.com
See us at FABTECH Hall A

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 111

FABTECH

Direct Wire will exhibit its high-quali-
ty, U.S.-made welding cable. Shown
will be the Flex-a-Prene and Ultra-Flex
lines that offer unique flexibility and
durability.
Diversi­Tech, Inc. C1218
www.diversitech.ca
Diversi-Tech is equipped to design,
supply, and install a complete line of
air filtration products such as down-
draft tables, wet and dry dust and
fume collectors, capture arms and
blowers, weld booths, oil-mist collec-
tors, scrubbers, make-up air systems,
and cartridge filter cleaning systems.
The Fume Tracker will be demonstrat-
ed at the show.
Dongbei Special Steel Group A2947
Co., Ltd.
www.dtgroup.cn
DOT Quality Services A2953
www.dotqs.com
Dr. Gold & Co. C2512
www.carrymate.com
Goldanco, the U.S. liaison for Dr. Gold,
will showcase its CARRYMATE® non-
slip transport grips designed to help
workers prevent back injuries, avoid
accidents, and improve productivity.
The company’s Panel Grips enable fast,
efficient transport of metal, glass,
granite, and other materials, and can
lift up to 440 lb per pair.
DualDraw, LLC C1034
www.DualDraw.com
DualDraw will feature its indoor air-
quality equipment, which focuses on
industrial downdraft tables and
booths. Information will be provided
on its patented airflow design that
maximizes capture of harmful welding
smoke, grinding dust, and noxious
fumes. The company has many stan-
dard designs to choose from or the
equipment can be easily modified in a
cost-effective manner to fit a cus-
tomer’s unique specifications.
DURUM USA C3336
www.durumusa.com
Durum will highlight its hardfacing
products including welding powders,
rods, wires, and electrodes sold under
the name Durmat®. The company of-
fers PTA torches and welding systems
used in industries such as deep
drilling, steel, foundries, glass, min-
ing, dredging, brick and clay, agricul-
ture, textiles, chemical, aluminum, ex-
cavation, and pump manufacture and
repair.
Dynaflux C3202
www.dynaflux.com
Dynaflux will offer its lines of chemi-
cals for surface treatment as well as its
nondestructive testing products, lens-
es, face shields, head gear, portable rod
ovens, and water recirculators. Staff
will be on hand to answer questions
about pickling and passivation of
stainless, and will conduct live demon-
strations of its new heat tint brush re-
moval system.

MAKE WATTS YOUR #1 SOURCE

FOR PIPE CUTTING EQUIPMENT
• Easy to use
• High quality
• Fast
• Affordable
W-60SM: Saddle miter cutting up to 12" pipe. The W-60SM cuts 90 degree
saddles, miters to 45 degrees and straight cuts. The torch is set to whatever bevel
angle is required. Comes standard with oxy-fuel torch and rotary ground. Plasma
torch holder with 32 pitch is available.
W-122: The W-122 is a two axis computerized cutter utilizing plasma. Cuts pipe
diameters from 1.5" to 12.75". The easy to use menu driven programming is very
user friendly. Up to 50 cuts can be linked together and 2500 files saved. The bevel
angle is set manually with the protractor torch mount. The cutting head tracks the
pipe both vertically and horizontally with the Watts unique tracking head.

Watts Specialties, Inc.

2323 East Pioneer STE. A
Puyallup, WA 98372 USA
(253) 848-9288
Fax: (253) 848-9295
sales@watts-specialties.com web: watts-specialties.com
See us at FABTECH booth C552 For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index

112 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014

 FABTECH

Dynatorch, Inc. C2608 Elderfield & Hall will demonstrate

www.dynatorch.com proper tungsten electrode grinding
techniques. The Profusion line in-
Dynatorch will feature its CNC plasma, cludes tungsten electrode grinders and
oxyfuel, and laser cutting machines in precision preground tungsten elec-
sizes from 4  4 to 8  40. The compa- trodes to maximize results in orbital
ny’s products are all servo driven, and GTA welding, as well as microplas-
high-performance machines compati- ma/micro-GTA welding systems and
ble with air plasma and high-end precision band saws.
mechanized plasmas. It also offers up
to 1500-W CO2 lasers with both plate Electron Beam C2550
and tube cutting capability. Technologies, Inc.
www.electronbeam.com
E. H. Wachs C2632
www.ehwachs.com Electron Beam Technologies will fea-
ture its Fast 'N Easy bulk electrode
E. H. Wachs will feature its ISO-certi- handling accessories used to deliver Do you ha
have
ve wha
whatt it
fied, portable machining and valve
turning equipment including inside
the welding electrode from the payoff
to the feeder. Also featured will be EB-
takes to win an AAWS
W
WS
and outside mounted weld prep ma- flex, electron beam cross-linked Class CRAW
CRA Certification?
AW Certifica tion?
chine tools designed to cut, bevel, K standard welding cables in popular
counterbore, and remove welds and sizes. Engineers will be available to
face flanges on pipes and vessels of all discuss composite cable designs and Compete at
sizes and schedules under all condi- other topics. FABTECH
A
FABTECH 20144
tions and environments. Information and find out.
ut.
will be provided on its rental/lease op- Element Materials Technology C3266
tions, on-site training, and custom www.element.com The second ann annual
nnual CRA
CRAW
AW
machine design and manufacturing of Competition will wi be held du during
special-application machines. Element will showcase its network of
laboratories and experts specializing in FFABTECH
AABTEC
ABTECH CHH 2014 in Atlanta,
Easom Automation C3161 materials testing, product qualifica- Georgia
rgia, where pre-screened
Georgia,
Systems, Inc. tion testing, and failure analysis for can
candidates will take a sample
sam
www.easomeng.com the aerospace, oil and gas, transporta- CRAW
CRA AW written examination
tion, and industrial sectors. The com-
ELCo Enterprises C2244 pany has a team of 1500 scientists, en- followed by a skill test that
www.wire­wizard.com gineers, and technicians who work in simulates an actual CRAW CRAAW
42 facilities located throughout the performance
perfo
rformance examination. Not
ELCo Enterprises will offer its full line United States and Europe. only canan you recognition
y gain recognitio on inn
of weld wire dispensing and weld cell
support equipment. Featured this year Ensitech C3067 industry
front of industustry experts,
experts, but if you
y
will be Torch Wizard™ nozzle cleaning www.tigbrush.com win, AAWS
WS
W will cover
co the cost costs
cos of
stations, Wire Wizard™ wire guide your training and exam earnn a
ear
exaam to ea
module system, Wire Pilot™ feed assist Ensitech will exhibit its TIG Brush® CRAW
CRA AW operatorr or technic
tech
technician
and Blue Magic™ and Blue Chill™ anti- stainless steel weld cleaning system.
spatters, and other new products for Certification.
Certific
tification.
robotic and semiautomatic welding ap- ENTRON Controls, LLC C3662
plications for all wire sizes. www.entroncontrols.com If you think
ink you have what it takes
t es
– sign up to compete today at
Elcometer, Inc. C2562 Environmental Air Solutions C3611 www.aws.org/certification/CRAW
ww
www
w..aws.org/certification/CRAW
www.elcometerndt.com www.keeptheheat.com

Elcometer will showcase its corrosion Environmental Air Solutions will show FFABTECH
A
ABTECH 2014.
2014
gauges, precision gauges, and flaw de- its KeepTheHeat™ air-to-air heat ex- November 11-13
tection gauges, which can measure wall changer. Staff will be on hand to explain Georgia
Geo World
World Congress
thicknesses and detect flaws in a wide how the product recycles heat, provid- Center
Ce – Hall A
range of applications, including the oil ing ventilation without losing heat. Atla GA
Atlanta,
and gas, marine, power, and civil engi-
neering sectors. Equipois, LLC C354
www.equipoisllc.com
Elderfield & Hall C1635
www.pro­fusiononline.com
See us at FABTECH Hall A

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 113

FABTECH
ESAB Welding & C2444, C2466
Cutting Products
www.esabna.com
ESAB will showcase its complete line
of welding and cutting equipment and
welding filler metals. With more than
100 years of experience, the company
is committed to providing customized
solutions for its customers. The com-
pany’s product range includes small
and large gantry shape-cutting ma-
chines with oxyfuel, plasma, laser, and
waterjet processes, arc welding equip-
ment, automated welding lines, plas-
ma cutting machines, gas apparatus,
and filler metals.
Essen Trade Shows C3439
www.essentradeshows.com
Messe Essen organizes leading interna-
tional trade shows for welding, cutting,
joining, and surfacing all over the world.
The largest of its welding shows,
Schweissen & Schneiden, takes place
every four years in Essen, Germany, and
114 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014
has more than 1000 exhibitors and
more than 60,000 trade buyers. It also
organizes the Beijing Essen Welding
Cutting, Schweissen & Schneiden India
in Mumbai, and the Russia Essen Weld-
ing Cutting Trade Show in Moscow.
FANUC America Corp. C2056
www.fanucamerica.com
FANUC America will exhibit its line of
industrial robots, and CNC and mo-
tion control systems for the aero-
space, automotive, education, heavy
and off-road vehicles, medical devices,
metal fabrication, and many other in-
dustries. Also offered will be
ROBOGUIDE simulation, force sens-
ing, and iRVision.
Fastenal Co. C3408
www.fastenal.com
Fastenal will present FAST Solutions,
industrial vending that brings the op-
tion for on-hand inventory to the fac-
tory floor. The product allows cus-
tomers to streamline processes, im-
For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index
prove visibility, and lower total costs.
Each machine vends products span-
ning several categories allowing cus-
tomers to track/control consumption
of virtually anything.
Fein Power Tools, Inc. C1144
www.feinus.com
FEIN Power Tools will showcase and
provide hands-on demonstrations of
its full range of metalworking prod-
ucts including magnetic base drills,
stainless steel finishing systems, hand
grinders, and stationary belt grinding
machinery. New products displayed
will include magnetic base drills, hand
grinders, and cordless drills/drivers.
Ferris State University A2731
www.ferris.edu
Ferris State’s nationally recognized
Welding Engineering Technology pro-
gram is the largest of its kind in the
United States. The program is de-
signed to produce plant-level welding
engineering technology graduates who
 FABTECH

are involved in the concept, design, Foshan Kangshida Welding C3512

and engineering of weldments and im- Equipments Co., Ltd
plementation of welding processes. www.fsksd.com

FIBA Technologies, Inc. C3412 Foshan Kangshida will show its line of
www.fibatech.com welding power sources built in a
20,000-sq-m factory. Information will
FIBA manufactures and reconditions be provided on its quality inspection
transport, storage and filling equip- measures and experienced research
ment, including pressure vessels, tube and development team.
trailers, ISO modules, bulk tanks, and
vaporizers. Information will also be FPT Industrie SpA C3436
provided on the ultrasonic and www.fptindustrie.com
acoustic emission requalification of
pressure vessels. Frommelt Safety Products C1623
www.frommeltsafety.com
Fibre­Metal By Honeywell C3306 Candidates will be pre-screened
www.fibre­metal.com Frommelt Safety will offer its point of and, if qualified, will begin by
access guarding and automated barrier
Fibre-Metal®, part of Honeywell Safety doors and curtains to protect person-
taking a short multiple-choice test
Products brands, will offer its protec- nel from hazards associated with man- on welding fundamentals and
tive caps, faceshields, and welding hel- ufacturing processes. An alternative to systems.
robotic arc welding systems.
mets known for consistent quality. light curtains, integrated PLe interlock They will then take part inn a
switches on high-speed doors provide
Flame Technologies, Inc.C1651, C1653 protection by restricting access and
perfor mance test, basedd on
performance o the
www.flametechnologies.com guard against process hazards. CRA
CRAW exa
xamina
AW certification examination.
performance
The perfor mance portion
po req
requires
Flame Tech’s new products on display Fronius USA LLC C1954 contestants to demonstra
demonstrate
will include flow gauges, flow meters, www.fronius­usa.com
cutting kits, large size exothermic familiarity with
wiith the componen
components of
burning bars, and Scorpion heavy-duty Fronius will show its high-frequency a robotic
robo
obotic arc welding cell,
cel
hose. Also featured will be the Hy- welding technology. The company’s progr
program
ogram the machine to we weld a
droMist line of industrial cooling fans, products range from compact shielded t coupon, actually weld the
test
utilizing flash evaporation technology, metal arc welding machines, and gas
which results in dramatically cooled metal arc and gas tungsten arc welding
coupon, and visually verify its
air. Other new products include cut- machines to complex automated quality.. A team of AAWS
qu
quality WS Certified
W Cert
ting kits, tote-a-torch kits, flow welding systems and spot welding eld Inspectors will judge
Welding
W elding
gauges, and specialty regulators. equipment. the competition
comp
mpetition based on cr criteria
riteriaa
Focus GmbH C3214 Fusion, Inc. C2602
of AWS
AW D16 , Specification
AWS D16.4,
D16.4 onn for
fo
www.focus­gmbh.com www.fusion­inc.com Qualification
the Qualificatio
Q alificatition oticc Arc
ion of Robotic
Welding
Welding PPersonnel.
ersonne
ers nnel.
Focus, an owner-managed company lo- Fusion will show its paste brazing and
cated near the Frankfurt, Germany, soldering filler metals, dispensers, and
airport, will exhibit its line of electron automatic machines, as well as post- TToo see if you qualify visit
visi
beam devices. braze cleaners and ultrasonic cleaning www.aws.org/certification/CRAW
www
w..aws.org
org/certification/CRA
CRA
CRAW
tanks. A rotary brazing machine join- Register
er online
o or at the Rob
Robotic
boticc
Foerster Welding C2544 ing aluminum parts will be demon- A W
Arc elding Contest
Welding
Systems GmbH strated. Personnel will be on hand to
www.foerster­gmbh.de Booth #A3145
discuss application needs in steel,
stainless, copper, brass, aluminum,
Forney Industries, Inc. C2167 and carbide. FFABTECH
A
ABTECH 2014.
2014
www.forneyind.com November 11-13
G & J Hall Tools, Inc. C3444 Geo W
Georgia World
orld Congress
Forney will exhibit its line of metal- www.gjhalltools.com
working tools and accessories. The Center
Ce – Hall A
company’s catalog spans 13 product G & J Hall Tools will feature its line of
Atla GA
Atlanta,
categories including welding, cutting, electromagnetic drills and annular cut-
grinding, work gloves, safety, chain, ting tools.
steel by the piece, air accessories, and
electrical for the light industrial and
industrial user.
See us at FABTECH Hall A

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 115

FABTECH
Gaozhou City Longsafety C45
Labor Insurance
www.longsafety.com
Gaozhou City Longsafety Labor Insur-
ance Products will showcase its leather
working gloves, welding gloves, leather
aprons, foot covers and welding
clothes.
Gasflux Co. C3061
www.gasflux.com
Gasflux will exhibit its liquid Gasflux,
paste and powder fluxes, as well as sil-
ver and bronze brazing filler metals.
The exhibit will feature live demon-
strations.
GAWDA C4
www.gawda.org
GAWDA is a trade association serving
more than 500 gases and welding sup-
ply distributors, manufacturers, inde-
pendent manufacturers’ representa-
tives, and individual members, and is
the major trade association represent-
116 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014
ing the industrial gases and welding trol and handling devices, pressure reg-
supply industry. GAWDA provides ac- ulators, fittings, and valves. The compa-
cess to expert safety and compliance ny can provide custom product configu-
consultants for all of its members and rations, total system integration, and
leads the industry in providing educa- reliable engineering and support.
tion, industry information, and net-
working opportunities. Gerima C1158
www.shmusa.com
GE Measurement & Control C158
www.geinspectiontechnologies.com Global Electronic Services A3057
www.gesrepair.com
Genesis Systems Group C2422
www.genesis­systems.com Gloves, Inc. C3409
www.glovesinc.com
Genesis Systems Group will display its
capabilities for designing, building, Golden Eagle Minmetals C65
and implementing robotic arc welding (Beijing) Welding Materials Co.
systems, assembly automation sys- www.goldeneaglebj.com
tems and robotic tooling, material
handling solutions, nondestructive in- Golden Eagle Minmetals will show its
spection cells, and robotic waterjet copper and aluminum welding alloys
cutting systems. and other welding materials.
Genstar Technologies, Inc. C3328 Goss, Inc. C2129
www.genstartech.com www.gossonline.com
Genstar Technologies will feature its Gudel, Inc. C1356
high-quality welding apparatus, gas con- www.gudel.com
For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index
 See us at FABTECH booth C2522
For Info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index
For Info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index
 FABTECH

For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index

Gudel will feature its track systems,
and offer information regarding inno-
vations such as bearing replacement
without removal of the e-chain, robot,
World Class
or carriage; unique overhead configu-
rations that require less space for leg
supports. The company’s risers follow
NAAMS guidelines, and tracks support
Fixtures
To be a world class competitor, your
all robot models. shop needs world class equipment.
With modular fixturing from Bluco,
Gullco International C3005 you can win those tight tolerance jobs
www.gullco.com that others have to turn down. Make
quality parts, on time, and watch your
Gullco will showcase its design and business grow.
manufacture of welding and cutting Call for a free catalog
automation systems. The company’s (800-535-0135)
welding carriages are used for welding Visit our website
applications in shipbuilding, tank con- (www.Bluco.com)
Welding fixture
struction, bridge construction, railcar, for a hydraulic
and other heavy fabrication industries. reservoir tank
A World of Fixtures for... Pipes Train Cars Robotics Bicycles Hydraulic Aircraft Fram
See us at FABTECH booth C1730

H & M Pipe Beveling C2222

Machine Co., Inc.
hwww.hmpipe.com

Hangzhou Apollo Import C2210 ucks Job Shops Excavators Tractors Sheetmetal Defense Gates Construction Aerospac
and Export Co., Ltd. BLUCO Corporation
www.eastrockwelding.com
3500 Thayer Court Aurora, IL 60504
East Rock Welding will show its line of www.Bluco.com 800-535-0135
welding consumables, which are
sourced directly from its five factories.

Hangzhou Gegao Machine C3536

Finally! Complete Resistance
Co., Ltd.
www.gegao.com
Welding Process Control
Hangzhou Gegao Machine will high- In The Palm of Your Hand
lights its range of services, which in-
clude CNC laser cutting, plasma cut- With our new hand-held Weldscope
ting, oxygen cutting, punching, WS-100, you can control 15 monitoring
stamping, bending, welding, assem- functions and 3 selectable detection
bling, machining (CNC laths, milling, ranges from the palm of your hand.
drilling, planning, grinding), surface Monitor and measure welding
treatment, and packing. current, cycle time and peak
current from AC and DC welders,
Harbert's Products, Inc./ C1754 single and three-phase welders,
Allied Flux Reclaiming Ltd. capacitor discharge welders, AC seam
www.recycleflux.com welders, pulsation AC/DC welders, and
inverter welders. Plus, not only does it
Harbert's Products/Allied Flux will save the last 800 welds, you can easily Visit Us: Fabtech
showcase its custom, closed-loop SAW print out the results for quality Booth #C2216
flux/slag crushing (reclaiming/recy- Call: 440-439-8081
assurance. Ask for a
cling) service. Information will be pro- Web: dengensha.com
WS-100 Demo
vided on how crushing slag saves mon-
ey and is environmentally friendly.

Harris Products Group C2044

www.harrisproductsgroup.com

Harris Products Group, a Lincoln Elec-

For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 119

FABTECH
tric company, will feature its capabili-
ties in the design, development and
manufacture of cutting, welding, braz-
ing, and soldering equipment and con-
sumables, and gas distribution systems.
Hascor USA, Inc. C3108
www.hascor.com
Haynes International, Inc. C1112
www.haynesintl.com
Haynes International will display its
HASTELLOY® and HAYNES® high-
performance alloys for use in corrosion
and high-temperature applications.
Standard products include wire and
welding consumables, pipe and tubing,
sheet and plate, fittings, and bar.
HBS Bolzenschweiss C3629
Systeme GmbH & Co. KG
www.hbs­studwelding.com
HBS Bolzenschweiss will display its
full range of nut and stud welding
systems and accessories including
manual units, semiautomatic sys-
tems, fully automated CNC machines,
and custom-made machines, which
See us at FABTECH booth C2666
120 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014
are sold through the company’s
distributors.
Hebei Kingster Machinery C2552
Equipment Co., Ltd.
www.kingster1.com
Hebei Kingster will show its line of
portable oxygen welding and cutting
machines. Its WAYOUT series of prod-
ucts produce a flame temperature of
up to 9500°C, and is multifunctional,
cost effective, environmentally friend-
ly, and easy to operate.
Heck Industries C3422
www.heckind.net
Heck Industries will feature its plate
bevelers, chamfering machines, tube
notchers, pipe benders, bench vises,
nibblers, and sheet metal forming
equipment.
Helvi S.p.A C3618
www.helvi.com
Hermes Abrasives, Ltd. C3609
www.hermesabrasives.com
Hermes Abrasives will highlight its com-
plete line of coated and bonded abrasive
products for metalworking applications,
including nonwoven web, cloth, paper,
fiber, and synthetic backed sheets, rolls,
discs and belts. The company manufac-
tures industrial-grade coated abrasive
products for a wide variety of wet or dry
metalworking applications.
Heron Machine & Electric C3105
Industrial, Ltd.
www.heronwelder.com
HIGHYAG Lasertechnologie C2136
GmbH
Hisco C3518
www.hisco.com
Hisco will showcase its services as a
specialty distributor serving the elec-
tronic assembly and industrial manu-
facturing markets. The company’s in-
ventory includes adhesives, silicones,
tapes, films, precision hand tools, and
clean room materials. Application en-
gineers will be on hand to discuss how
to improve manufacturing processes
and lower costs.
For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index
For Info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index See us at FABTECH booth C3103
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innovative product advancements, the new DFE takes best-
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is the result of an intelligent airflow design and the powerful
MaxPulse™ Cleaning System. Coupled with industry-leading
Ultra-Web® nanofiber filtration media, the DFE delivers
unsurpassed operational excellence. The benefit is a smaller
equipment footprint with fewer filters required, reducing
maintenance time and overall cost of operation.

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For Info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index See us at FABTECH booth B4265

 FABTECH

Hobart Brothers C2934

www.hobartbrothers.com

Hobart Brothers will show its line of premi-

um filler metals, including tubular wires
(flux-cored and metal-cored), solid wires
and shielded metal arc electrodes under the
brand name Hobart®.

Hobart Institute of Welding C2634

Technology
www.welding.org

Hobart Institute of Welding Technology of-

fers training in all major welding processes.
Skill-development courses, certifications,
technical training, and customized training
for corporate welding needs are available
on or off site. Also offered are complete
For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index

training programs including DVDs, instruc-

tor guides, and student workbooks.

Hyundai Welding Products C2922

www.hyundaiwelding.com

IBEDA/SuperFlash Compressed C1223

Gas Equipment, Inc.
www.oxyfuelsafety.com

With a large variety of flashback arrestors,

quick connectors, manifolds, heating equip-
ment, thermal spray, and other compressed
gas equipment, SuperFlash will provide sys-
tems for all types of compressed gas users.
The company booth will offer live demon-
strations of flashback arrestors and gas
mixers.

Ideal Welding Systems LP C1266

www.go2iws.com

Ideal Welding Systems will exhibit its

CSR102 automated welding machine for 2D
or 3D sheet metal and wire welded products,
such as electrical enclosures, ATMs, cash reg-
isters, sheet metal shelving, fan guards, or
any sheet metal and wire product requiring a
resistance welding procedure.

igm Robotic Systems, Inc. C1556

www.igmusa.com
For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index

IMPACT Engineering, Inc. C2234

www.impactwelding.com

IMPACT will show ARCAgentTM arc weld

monitoring systems that can be applied to
any welding power supply/
robot. All arc welding processes are sup-
ported in manual and robotic applications.
Also, these systems provide weld produc-
See us at FABTECH booth C1316

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 123

FABTECH

tion metrics, part tracking, weld
process control, weld process quality,
and weld process analysis.
Industrial Air Solutions, Inc. C1352
www.industrialairsolutions.com
Industrial Air Solutions, the exclusive
North American distributor for the
Coral SPA product line, will highlight its
portable and central-style dust, mist,
smoke, fume, and vacuum systems.
Industrial Maid LLC C1039
www.industrial­maid.com
The engineering staff at Industrial
Maid will help visitors select a cost-ef-
fective system for controlling welding
smoke and fumes, grinding dust, oil
mist, vapors, and many other indoor
air contaminants.
In­House Solutions, Inc. C3245
www.inhousesolutions.com
In-House Solutions will display Octo-
puz, an off-line programming soft-
ware for robots and intelligent CAD-
to-path system.
Innovative Product Ideas LLC
www.scrapenburr.com
Innovative Product Ideas will feature
Scrape-N-Burr® with new DuaLast®
edge technology blades. This heavy-
duty weldment and work area cleanup
tool was designed for the harsh envi-
ronment of the welding and metal fab-
rication industries.
Interactive Safety Products, Inc.C2409
www.helmetsystems.com
Interactive Safety Products will display
its Pureflo range that provides com-
bined head, eye, face, welding, and posi-
tive powered respiratory protection.
Also, Pureflo ESM alerts the wearer,
through a helmet-mounted audio visual
display, when to charge batteries and/or
change the filter while at the same time
eliminating the need for fit testing.
International Thermal A2927, C1010
Spray Association (ITSA)
www.thermalspray.org
The International Thermal Spray As-
sociation, a Standing Committee of
the American Welding Society, will
A3059 host live thermal spray demonstra-
tions that will take place every hour on
the hour during FABTECH at booth
A2927. In addition, the professional
industrial organization will highlight
its services dedicated to expanding the
use of thermal spray technologies for
the benefit of industry and society at
booth C1010. With 63 active member
companies worldwide, ITSA is pre-
pared to meet your coatings needs.
International Welding C1062
Technologies, Inc.
www.internationalwelding.com
International Welding Technologies
will spotlight its portable and special-
purpose stud welding equipment and
fasteners.
InterTest, Inc. C3351
www.intertest.com
IPG Photonics C2408
www.ipgphotonics.com
IPG Photonics will offer its active fiber
lasers, direct diodes, and amplifiers
from 0.5 to 2 m. Industrial lasers op-

SO Y
YOU’RE
OU’RE THE
NEW WELDING ENGINEER?
LET US HELP Y
YOU
OU GET UP TO SPEED
SPEED..
Learn ho
howw to



Ask The Right Questions



Get The Results YYou
oou Need



Save
Sa ve Money



And Stay Out Of Trouble
Trouble
in this two-day conference held during FFABTECH
A
ABTECH 2014
2014..
you’re a Manager,
Whether you’re Manager, Engineer,
Engineer, Designer,
Designer, or supervise
supervise a welding operation, you may be working with
people who know little about welding.
welding. YYou
oou may have even seen serious and costly errors made in manufacturing
when “common knowledge” was not known by key people.people.
This conference is for you! It will take you through a description of the product, and its purpose; moving
quality,, cost, and performance
through key issues that can influence the quality You’ll
o learn
performance of the finished product. You’ll learn key
operations management concepts and lear factoryy operations
learnn the importance of close cooperation between factor operations..
Join us during FABTECH orld Congress Center on TTuesday,
World
FAABTECH 2014 in Atlanta, Georgia, at the Georgia W uesday
u ,
November 11 and Wednesday,
Wednesday, November 12, for the “So You’re
Yoou’re The New Welding Conference”.
Welding Engineer Conference”.
Visit www.aws.org/conferences a list of speakers, then invite
ess for a full description of the program and
those you know that need this information to attend.

To register visit www.fabtechexpo.com / Registration Code: W24

124 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014

For Info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index
 BE LEAN AND GREEN WHEN
USING YOUR SUB-ARC
WELDING MACHINE
WORLDS ONLY
Audited & Approved
S.A.W. Flux Slag Crusher
Totally Closed-loop
Slag Crusher

1.800.377.3103 (USA & CANADA)

harberts@recycleflux.com • www.recycleflux.com
For Info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index
 FABTECH

/ Perfect Welding / Solar Energy / Perfect Charging

Visit us at FABTECH
Booth # C1954 
Atlanta

/ No matter what you weld or where you weld it, Fronius has the perfect solution.
www.fronius-usa.com • www.facebook.com/fronius.usa

For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index

erating at 1 m will also be available
from 10 W to > 50 kW for a range of
applications and featuring low beam
divergence, air cooling, high wall plug
efficiency, and diode life.
IRCO Automation, Inc. C2616
www.ircoautomation.com
IRCO Automation will present its posi-
tioning equipment and automated
welding systems for industrial welding
and fabricating.
Ironworkers Management C2131
Progressive Action Cooperative
Trust (IMPACT)
www.impact­net.org
IMPACT, a Labor Management Taft
Hartley Trust, will feature its services
to expand job opportunities for Union
Ironworkers and their signatory con-
tractors through progressive and inno-
vative labor-management cooperative
programs.
Jabez Technologies, Inc. C3163
www.robotmaster.com
Jabez Technologies will show Robot-
master, a software designed to speed
up and facilitate robotic programming.
The CAD/CAM based program con-
verts your CAD/CAM data into a 6-
axis robot output and generates com-
plex, error-free robotic trajectories us-
ing optimization along with dynamic
3D simulation.
JASIC Technologies C2658
America, Inc.
www.jasictech.com
JASIC Technologies America will be
showcasing the new range of Razor-
weld inverter welding machines, in-
cluding single-phase arc inverter to
three-phase multisystem machines as
well as welding and cutting torches.
Javelin Industrial C3462
www.javelinindustrial.com
Javelin Industrial will highlight its
portable fabrication equipment, in-
cluding collapsible pipe stands, V-
heads, pipe rollers, grinder holders,
and grounding equipment.
JAZ USA, Inc. C3122
www.jazusa.com
JAZ USA, a wholly owned subsidiary
of JAZ-ZUBIAURRE, will offer a range
of industrial power, tube, hand
scratch, and engineered brushes for
your application needs.
Jetline Engineering C2638
www.jetline.com
Jetline will present its equipment for
automated arc welding systems, includ-
ing weld fixtures with cold and hot wire,
joint tracking, arc length and oscillation
controls, vision systems, travel controls,
and the 9900 computer controller.
JiangSu Shenyuan Special A2949
Steel Co., Ltd.
www.steeljs.net
JiangSu Shenyuan Special Steel will fea-
ture its specialty steels and alloys.
Jiangyin Xinlian Welding C37
Equipment Co., Ltd.
www.xinlianwelding.com

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 127

FABTECH

Jingyu Welding & Cutting Co., Ltd. C43

www.jingyuwelding.com

Jingyu Welding & Cutting will exhibit its

welding and cutting products, including
GTA, GMA, and plasma guns and torches
along with spare parts, electrode holders,
gouging torches, earth clamps, amphenol
plugs, and welding masks.

JK Lasers A3038
www.jklasers.com

JLC Electromet Pvt. LLC C2412

www.jlcelectromet.com

JLC Electromet will display its nickel and

nickel-based specialty alloys in wire, strip,
and ribbon forms; electrode core wires;

For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index

GMA and GTA welding alloys; and alloy
strips for welding applications.

John Tillman Co. C1622

www.jtillman.com

John Tillman will showcase its broad line,

including gloves, clothing, welding blan-
kets, curtains/screens, and accessories to
make your welding and work experience
safer and more productive.

Joysun Abrasives Co., Ltd. C2662

www.joysunabrasives.com

Joysun Abrasives will spotlight its flap discs,

flap wheels, Strip-it discs, sanding and filing
belts, along with Scotch Brite belts.

JP Nissen Co. C3103

www.nissenmarkers.com

JP Nissen will offer its product lines of ball

paint metal markers, feltip paint markers,
solid paint markers, low chloride markers,
and specialty paint markers for use in any
marking application.

Kalas Wire, Inc. C3023

kalaswire.com/industrial
For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index

Kalas Wire will present its welding cables

for the welding, and oil and gas markets.

Kawasaki Robotics (USA), Inc. C2066

www.kawasakirobotics.com

Kawasaki will exhibit its industrial robots

and robotic automation systems, including
an automated torch changing unit, automat-
ed weld damming, and robot transport unit.

See us at FABTECH booth C2602

128 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014

For Info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index
For Info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index
See us at FABTECH booth C2409
 FABTECH

KDAR Co. A2954
www.hotmaxtorches.com
Kemper America, Inc. C1244
www.kemperamerica.com
Kemper America will offer a line of
mobile and central extraction units
for welding and metal cutting fume.
The company will be showing its stay-
in-place source extraction arm as well
as options for downdraft tables and
filter cells.
Kennametal Stellite C1044
www.stellite.com
The company will present its wear- and
corrosion-resistant products of Stellite®
and Deloro® alloys available as castings,
rods, powders, and wires plus equip-
ment for hardfacing applications. It will
also offer castings, wrought products,
P/M, and hardfaced components that
can be supplied to the finish machined
tolerances specified.
Kimberly­Clark Professional C1704
www.kcprofessional.com
Kimberly-Clark Professional will fea-
ture its services that help make work-
places safer, healthier, and more pro-
ductive. Key brands in this segment
include Kleenex, Scott, WypAll,
Kimtech, and Jackson Safety.
Kobelco Welding of C2208
America, Inc.
www.kobelcowelding.com
Koike Aronson, Inc. C2914
www.koike.com
Koike Aronson will be showing its
Koikejet waterjet cutting machine
with live demos, a complete welding
cell equipped with a head/tailstock
with manipulator on a travel car, the
new PNC-12 Extreme plasma cutting
table, and much more.
Kristeel Shinwa Industries, Ltd. A3049
www.kristeel.com
KUKA Robotics Corp. C2956
www.kukarobotics.com
Laboratory Testing, Inc. C1107
www.labtesting.com
Laboratory Testing will showcase its
services for fast and reliable materials
testing, nondestructive examination,
and metrology. The company special-
izes in metal and polymer testing, fail-
ure analysis, specimen machining,
welder and procedure qualification,
and calibration with certified reports.
LA­CO Industries/Markal C1602
www.markal.com
LA-CO Industries will show its hand-
held, industrial-grade marking prod-
ucts for the industrial, welding, and
metal fabrication markets.
LAPCO Manufacturing, Inc. C1050
http://lapco.com
LAPCO Manufacturing will spotlight
its products, including flame-resistant
and industrial workwear.
Laserline, Inc. C1035
www.laserline­inc.com

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Genstar Technologies Company Inc. | 909.606.2726 | www.genstartech.com

For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 131

FABTECH

Laserline will highlight its high-power,

fiber-coupled diode lasers, including the
LDF series for industrial applications and
LDM series for OEMs.

LaserStar Technologies Corp. C1966

www.laserstar.net

LaserStar Technologies, a supplier of laser

welding and laser marking machines, will
offer its Nd:YAG and fiber laser systems for
microwelding, marking, engraving, and cut-
ting applications.

Lianyungang Orientcraft C3410

Abrasives Co., Ltd.
www.orientcraft­abrasives.com

Lianyungang Orientcraft Abrasives will

present its abrasive papers/cloths; cutting
and grinding wheels; flap, fiber, and velcro
discs; and sanding belts.

Lin An Da Yang Welding C1208

Material Co., Ltd.
www.hzdayang.com

Lin An Da Yang Welding Material will fea-

ture its welding consumables, including
electrodes, wires, and fluxes.
For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index
Lincoln Electric Co. C2022, C2044
www.lincolnelectric.com

Lincoln Electric will show welding and cutting

demonstrations, cost reduction ideas, appli-
cation questions, and the latest in fabrication
equipment, consumables, robotic automa-
tion, fixturing, software, and training.

Linemaster Switch Corp. C2506

www.linemaster.com

Linemaster Switch will display its range of

foot controls, including electric, pneumatic,
linear, hall effect, air powered, USB, and
wireless, that are suitable for a large array
of applications.

LONGEVITY Welding & C67

Cutting Products
www.longevity­inc.com

LONGEVITY Welding will showcase its

GTA, GMA, and SMA welding machines
along with plasma cutting tools.

Lucas­Milhaupt Global C2666

Brazing Solutions
www.lucasmilhaupt.com

For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index

132 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014
For Info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index
For Info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index
 FABTECH

Lucas-Milhaupt will spotlight its metal medical, specialty, and electronic gases,

CUT
joining products and services, such as gas handling equipment, high-perfor-
alloys, fluxes, product design, training, mance purification systems, engineer-
and technical assistance. The company ing and gas management services, and
will also highlight its brazing materials on-site gas generation.
used in the electrical/electronic, appli-
ance, and transportation markets. Mathey Dearman C3250
www.mathey.com
Luvata Ohio, Inc. C2503
www.luvata.com Mathey Dearman will display its cut-
ting and beveling machines for all
ROUND
Luvata Ohio will offer its copper weld-
ing consumables for resistance welding
types and diameters of pipe along with
pipe alignment and reforming clamps
TUBE &
(caps, tips, shanks, and adapters) and
GMAW (tips, diffusers, and nozzles)
for fast, accurate fitups.
PIPING
applications. Matsumoto U.S. C3634
Technologies, Inc.
Machitech Automation C1566 www.matsumotous.com
www.machitechautomation.com

BOX
Matsumoto U.S. Technologies will
Machitech Automation will present its showcase its welding equipment and
wide range of cutting systems using MRO parts, plus design and integra-
plasma, oxyfuel, waterjet, and fiber
laser technologies.
tion services for positioning, welding,
cutting, robotic, and automated SECTIONS
systems.
MAGMAWELD C3644
www.magmaweld.com Matuschek Welding C1114 OR FLAT PLATE
Products, Inc.
MAGMAWELD will exhibit its welding www.matuschekwelding.com
consumables, welding/cutting ma-
chines, and automation services. Matuschek Welding Products will spot-
light its resistance welding controllers,
PROFILES
Magnatech, LLC C3144 instrumentation, and equipment for WITH ONE FLEXIBLE
www.magnatechllc.com

Magnatech will display orbital

GTAW/FCAW tube/pipe welding
equipment. New models of orbital
equipment will be introduced. Also, the
Pipemaster System, which allows mul-
tipass pipe auto programming, will be
demonstrated.
the sheet metal and microwelding in-
dustries, including mid- and high-fre-
quency DC inverter power supplies,
SOLUTION
precision weld heads, and handheld
process analyzers that provide quality
spot welds.
McDantim, Inc. C553
www.mcdantim.com

MagneGas Corp. C3656 MCR Safety C3653

www.magnegas.com www.mcrsafety.com

Maryland Brush Co. C3514 MCR Safety will highlight its safety gear
www.marylandbrush.com marketed as MCR Safety, Memphis
Glove, Crews, River City, and US Safety.
Maryland Brush will show its brush Offerings will include gloves, glasses,
HGG’s Multi-Profile Cutting Machine
(MPC) can be configured to cut
a variety of profile shapes, including
pipes, angle bars, box sections, and
flat sheet metal strips. With HGG
For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index

products, including stringer bead, cup, garments, and other safety gear de- ProCAM Software, manufacturing
and stem-mounted end brushes with signed for safety, comfort, and style. automation capability multiplies.
both knot and crimped wire construc-
See Us: Fabtech #B4061
tion in carbon and stainless wire, plus Medi Mall, Inc. C2453 Web: hgg-group.com
long- and shoe-handle scratch brushes. www.medimassager.com
Call Or Email Us:
330-461-6855
Matheson C2413 MegaStir Technologies C1261 jt@hgg-group.com
www.mathesongas.com www.megastir.com

Matheson will exhibit its industrial, Meltric Corp. C2039

welding, and safety supplies along with www.meltric.com

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 135

FABTECH
Mercer Abrasives C2538
www.mercerabrasives.com
Mercer Abrasives will offer its abra-
sives, wire wheels, and files for the
welding industry. Products will include
zirconia high-density trimmable flap
discs, long-life grinding wheels, Type 1
and 27 Black Lightning thin cut-off
wheels, and 14-in. half round and
pipeliner files.
Meta Vision Systems, Inc. C2266
www.meta­mvs.com
Meta will offer its laser vision systems
for welding automation. A vision-
guided welding robot and laser sensor-
driven welding positioner will be on
display. A new weld bead detection
system for pipe coating control will be
launched, and a new ERW inspection
system that measures weld joint offset
as well as bead width and height will
also be introduced.
Metabo Corp. C3166
www.metabousa.com
For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index
136 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014
Metabo, a manufacturer of profession-
al-grade portable electric power tools
and abrasives, will feature Brake series
angle grinders that can stop wheel ro-
tation in 2 s or less, W 17 series high-
torque, compact 6- and 7-in. grinders,
and the latest cordless grinding and
drilling tools.
Metal Man Work Gear Co. C3550
www.metalmangear.com
Metal Science Technologies C2534
Pty, Ltd.
www.metalscience.com.au
Metrode Products, Ltd. C2044
www.metrode.com
Metrode Products will offer its range
of alloyed welding consumables suit-
able for welding on low-alloy steels, al-
loy steels, and nickel-based alloys, in-
cluding products produced for the fol-
lowing arc welding processes: SMAW,
GTAW, GMAW, FCAW, and welding
with metal-cored wire, as well as wire
and flux combinations for SAW.
For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index
Michigan Pneumatic Tool, Inc. C3267
www.michiganpneumatic.com
Michigan Pneumatic Tool will present
its air tools and air tuggers for manu-
facturing, marine, petrochemical, and
construction industries.
Micro Air Products C3650
www.microaironline.com
Micro Air will exhibit its line of indus-
trial air cleaners, dust collectors, clean
air and environmental booths, down-
draft tables, and mist and wet collec-
tors that can boost productivity, in-
crease safety, and reduce maintenance
costs in your facility.
Midalloy C1316
www.midalloy.com
Miller Electric Mfg. Co. C2744, C2944
www.millerwelds.com
Miller will showcase industry-specific
systems and technologies with areas
dedicated to oil and gas, aluminum
Arcos, The Standard of Excellence in as 625, 800, 801, 825 and 600.
Covered Electrodes and Bare Wire, This covered electrode is the smart
offers two outstanding welding choice for applications including
products designed to withstand petrochemical plants, reactor
critical temperature extremes. components, furnace equipment,
Arcos 625 and Arcos 1N12 (625) are heat exchangers and offshore
nickel-chromium-molybdenum products marine environments.
which are designed to be virtually immune to chloride- To learn about the many advantages of specifying Arcos
ion stress-cracking. They feature moderate strength, 625 and Arcos 1N12, call us today at 800-233-8460
good fabricability and excellent oxidation resistance. or visit our website at www.arcos.us.
Each is military-approved and provides superior
corrosion resistance, over a range of temperatures Arcos Industries, LLC
from cryogenic to extremely elevated (up to 1,800˚F). Ι{Ê
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Arcos 625 is ideal for welding alloys 625, 601, 802
and 9% nickel. This wire is well suited for welding
piping systems and reactor components in the power
generation industry and for high temperature service
in a wide variety of other engineering applications.
Arcos 1N12 (625) is utilized for welding alloys such

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For Info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index
 FABTECH

welding, shipbuilding, and heavy- MTA­USA LLC C1057

WORK
W ORK
equipment manufacturing. Systems www.mta­usa.com
from ITW Welding companies Hobart,
Bernard, and Tregaskiss will be MTI Power Services C3208
demonstrated with Miller equipment www.mtipowerservices.com
to showcase optimized total systems.

MK Products, Inc.
www.mkproducts.com

MK Products will present the new Co-

braTurn™ digital turntable made for
C1616
Multi­Contact USA
www.multi­contact­usa.com

Multi-Contact will exhibit its connec-

tor systems designed for the specific
requirements of automated produc-
C3416

SSMART
MART
RT
durability and performance with all tion facilities. Applications include
welding processes. Used on small-to- manually or automatically actuated
large weld assemblies, this product ro- multicouplings for docking systems,
tates welding jobs and is useful for all automated assembly lines, tool change
applications up to the rated load ca- systems for machining and molding
pacities. Cobramatic® aluminum weld- equipment, and power supplies for
ing systems and orbital tube welding manual and robotic spot welding
systems will also be featured. equipment.

Motofil Robotics SA C3116 Murrplastik Systems, Inc. C3257

www.grupomotofil.com www.murrplastik.com

M/s Cu Built A2950 National Bronze & C2033

Engineers Pvt. Ltd. Metals, Inc.
www.cubuilt.com www.nbmmetals.com
Model 200 Positioner

Metalworking Solutions
Grind, Polish and Deburr
Stainless Steel and Other Metals
PTX Eco Smart
Shadow-free grain finish
up to a mirror polish
Linear grinder cleans weld oxidation,
removes scratches and more Grind In Corners!

Deburr Model 1200 Pipemate

Rolei® BE5
Sheet metal deburring machine
Fast, safe 2-sided deburring achieved in one operation

Portable Beveling PIPE-MAX

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• 15˚ to 60˚ angles on plate or pipes
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See us at FABTECH booth C2652
See us at FABTECH booth C3009

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 139

FABTECH

National Bronze & Metals will show its
line of continuous cast bronze, brass,
and copper alloys, including centrifu-
gal casting, wrought copper alloys;
bars, sheets, and plates; bronze wear
plates; and finished machined parts.
National Ornamental & Misc A2951
Metals Assoc.
www.nomma.org
New Fire Co., Ltd. C2139 NSRW will present its copper alloys and
www.newfire.biz refractory metals, including beryllium
copper, chrome copper, zirconium cop-
New Fire will showcase its industrial per, C11000, and C10100. The company
thermal insulation, and welding and will also show its standard welding com-
cutting protection products. ponents and design-and-build custom
parts.
Newland (Tianjin) Welding C51
Wire and Metal Products Co., Ltd. Nutec Bickley C3659
www.groco.cn www.nutecbickley.com

National Standard C1634 Ningbo Powerway Alloy C97 Nutec Bickley will feature its heat treat-
www.nationalstandard.com Material Co., Ltd. ing/stress relieving industrial furnaces
www.pwalloy.com for the metal fabrication industry.
Nelson Stud Welding, Inc. C1204
www.nelsonstudwelding.com Norton Abrasives C1606 Olympus C3622
www.nortonindustrial.com www.olympus­ims.com
Nelson Stud Welding will demonstrate
its new capacitor-discharge equipment, Norton Abrasives will feature new rap- Optrel AG C3562
as well as its inverter drawn arc equip- id-prep, surface-conditioning discs, ce- www.optrel.com
ment systems. Both lines represent ramic blaze-coated abrasives, and Nor-
lightweight and compact designs for Zon Plus depressed center/cut-off Optrel will showcase its autodarkening
portability. Process monitoring will also products for steels, chrome, cast iron, filter technology for welding helmets.
be displayed. and tough alloys.
OR Lasertechnology, Inc. C2260
NetBraze, LLC C2451 NSRW C1022 www.or­laser.com
www.netbraze.com www.nsrw.com
See us at FABTECH booth C3240

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140 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014

For Info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index
 The Emmet A. Craig
RESISTANCE WELDING SCHOOL

SSpace limited. November 12-13, 2014

pace is limited.
This program Georgia World World Congress Center
sold out Atlanta,
To register go to ww
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 FABTECH

OR Lasertechnology will show its laser will exhibit the Rotoweld welding PDS Bartech, Inc. C3506
systems. Information will be available workstation, the Beaver S pipe bevel- www.pdsbartech.com
on its systems sales, wire sales, repair ing machine, team positioners, and
service, laser welding training, and job grippers. PDS Bartech will display portable heat
shop services. treating machines, gas and electrical
Pandjiris, Inc. C2023 furnaces, and supplies.
Orbitalum C2632 www.pandjiris.com
www.ehwachs.com Pearl Abrasive Co. C3167
Pandjiris will show its standard posi- www.pearlabrasive.com
ORS Nasco C1666 tioning equipment, including position-
www.orsnasco.com ers, turning rolls, manipulators, slides Pearl Abrasive will showcase its coated
and swivels, seamers, sidebeams and and bonded abrasives, diamond su-
OTC DAIHEN, Inc. C2722 carriages, headstocks and tailstocks, perabrasives, and equipment.
www.daihen­usa.com turntables, and 3 O’clock welding ma-
chines. The company will also offer its Pemamek Oy, Ltd. C1734
OTC Daihen will feature its welding, turnkey systems. www.pemamek.com
cutting, and positioning equipment;
torches; robots; standard and custom Parker Domnick Hunter C2467 Pemamek will feature its production
arc welding cells; and accessories. www.parker.com/faf and welding automation equipment.

Oxylance, Inc. C1028 Parker Domnick Hunter will present Permadur Industries, Inc. C2457
www.oxylance.com its process water chillers and com- www.permadur.com
pressed air treatment products, in-
Pador Marketing Group C3343 cluding desiccant and refrigerated air Permadur Industries will exhibit its
www.pador.com dryers along with high-efficiency fil- magnetic and vacuum plate handling
tration, welding actuators, and con- systems, along with individual perma-
Pador Marketing Group, which repre- trols, plus air and water supply units nent lifting magnets and load
sents the Pipe Fabrication Institute, for resistance welding. positioners.

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OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 143

FABTECH

Pferd, Inc. C1744 Plansee USA, LLC C3631 Preston­Eastin, Inc. C2166
www.pferdusa.com www.plansee­usa.com www.prestoneastin.com

Pferd, the U.S. subsidiary of August
Rüggeberg & Co., will showcase its
hand finishing, grinding, cutting, and
specialty application products.
Phoenix International, Inc. C3123
www.phx­international.com
Phoenix International will feature its
new Type 4 flux-cored wire oven, ideal
for flux-cored wire and general -pur-
pose storage. The Type 4 holds four
12-in. or three 16-in. spools for mois-
ture-free storage.
Pillar Induction C3222
www.pillar.com
Pillar Induction will present its induc-
tion, brazing, heating, and coreless
melting systems for a variety of metal
and material thermal processing.
Plasma Automation, Inc. C1234 Pro Spot International, Inc. C3618
www.plasma­automation.com www.prospot.com
Plasma Automation will feature its PROFAX/LENCO C2532
new Fabricator SS CNC high-density www.profax­lenco.com
plasma cutting system. The company
offers precision/clean edge cut quality Profax and Lenco will display its man-
on mild steel up to 1 in., and up to 2 ual welding accessories, GMAW guns
in. with the addition of oxyfuel. Also and consumables, GTAW torches and
featured will be Fabricator heavy duty, consumables, arc-gouging torches and
Elite/Monarch precision plasma cut- carbons, and all types of welding ma-
ting, Visoft software, and custom roll- chine repair parts, including a straight
form equipment. line track cutting machine, hand oper-
ated pipe beveler, ceramic backing
PowerWeld C3362 tape, water soluble purge paper, and a
www.powerweldinc.com line of positioners, turning rolls, and
manipulator.
Praxair, Inc. C3134
www.praxairdirect.com PT­Mat C1116
www.ptamaterial.com
Precitec, Inc. C3261
www.precitec.us PT-MAT will present its line of hard-
facing equipment and consumables,
including manual and automated plas-

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 FABTECH

ma transferred arc (PTA) equipment
used for weld cladding of components
subject to wear and corrosion. The
company will also feature its line of
consumables, including cored wires
and powder for PTA, laser cladding,
and thermal spray.
Pyro Shield, Inc. C3507
www.pyroshield.com
Pyro Shield will exhibit its manufac-
turing heat treating pads, welding
blankets, high-temperature insulation
products, furnace liners, furnace mod-
ules, high-temperature gaskets, seals,
tadpoles, silica, silicone-coated and
fiberglass fabrics, heat shields, and die
cutting tools.
Qingdao New Alpha C3113
Enterprises Co., Ltd.
www.bestonegroup.com
Quality Equipment A3050
Distributors, Inc.
www.qeddirect.com
Quality Equipment Distributers will Ratermann Mfg., Inc. C3458
feature its NDT equipment and www.rmiorder.com
supplies.
Realityworks C2541
Radyne Corp. C3361 www.realityworks.com
www.radyne.com
Reis Robotics USA, Inc. C1765
Radyne will provide a hands-on www.reisroboticsusa.com
demonstration of the VersaPower®-
Xtreme™ induction power supply with Reis Robotics, an automation technol-
Digital IQ™ intelligent controls, which ogy company, will showcase its capa-
was designed for brazing, soldering, or bilities for turnkey solutions in all ma-
heating. The company will also show- jor application fields.
case energy and cost-efficient induc-
tion heating technologies for silver, Resistance Welding Machine A3054
copper, and fluxless brazing and heat & Accessory
treating products, including benchtop www.resweld.com
units and automated turnkey systems.
Resistance Welding C3
Rasco FR C3667 Manufacturing Alliance (RWMA)
www.rascofrc.com www.aws.org/rwma
Rasco, a work-wear manufacturer, will RWMA is a standing committee of the
feature its newest available products, American Welding Society. It is an al-
including its garments certified to liance of companies and individuals who
NFPA 2112 and ASTM F1506. all have a common interest and focus —
the resistance welding process. Since

Tuline Welding Hoses Are

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multi-spiral construction for maximum kink resistance. Each is Air Mandrel
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OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 147

FABTECH
1935, RWMA has been the authorita-
tive source of information and experi-
ence for the resistance welding industry.
Its mission is to advance resistance
welding technology, broaden its use,
and promote its economic benefits.
RWMA is driven by active subcommit-
tees that develop programs and initia-
tives to promote and advance the resist-
ance welding process, and to foster edu-
cation in this field.
RWMA offers an intensive two-day
course about the basics of resistance
welding once a year through the Em-
met A. Craig Resistance Welding
School. The school is designed to give
operators, production supervisors, en-
gineers, and others the opportunity to
study, better understand, and further
their knowledge in the theory, applica-
tions, and equipment used in resist-
ance welding.
Resistance Welding Products C3662
www.rwpweld.com
Revco Industries, Inc. C3350
www.blackstallion.com
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148 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014
Revco Industries will feature its Black vance in 2.8, 3.9, and 6.9-mm insertion
Stallion and BSX product lines of weld- tube diameters. The company will offer
ing and safety gloves, protective FR a demo program to allow testing of the
and leather apparel, and high-temper- VJ-Advance.
ature products, fire blankets, welding
screens, and accessories. Robotiq C2230
www.robotiq.com
REXARC International C3218
www.rexarc.com Robotiq will feature its line of robotic
tooling, designed to maximize return
Rexarc, a producer of high-quality on investment in high-mix automated
acetylene plants, will spotlight its manufacturing.
compressed gas distribution systems,
custom manifolds, and industrial, me- Robots At Work C3415
dicinal, and specialty gas equipment. www.robotsatwork.com
Rex­Cut Abrasives C3244 Robots At Work will offer its robotic
www.rexcut.com automation, welding, and material
handling services.
Rex-Cut Abrasives will display its high-
performance, nonwoven cotton fiber RoboVent C1312, C1644
and other premium abrasive products. www.robovent.com
RF System Lab C3217 RoboVent will exhibit its line of clean
www.rfsystemlab.us air products, designed to improve
manufacturing performance.
RF System Lab, a producer of video
borescopes, will showcase its VJ-Ad-
For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index
For Info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index
 FABTECH

Rofin­Sinar, Inc. C3612 products are useful for the metalform- any surface indoors and outdoors.
www.rofin.com ing, fabricating, and welding markets. Low-chloride/low-halogen and glow-
in-the-dark versions will also be
Rolled Alloys C3316 Ruko Tool, Inc. C1113 available.
www.rolledalloys.com www.rukotool.com
Sandvik Materials Technology C1213
Rolled Alloys will present its extensive S & H Industries, Inc. C3438 www.smt.sandvik.com
inventories of plate, sheet, bar, pipe, www.shindustries.com
fittings, and welding materials main- Sanrex Corp C3358
tained in nickel alloys, duplex stainless Saar Hartmetall USA, LLC C1158 www.sansha.co.jp
steels, stainless steels, titanium and www.shmusa.com
cobalt alloys. Sanrex will feature its line of semicon-
Saf­T­Cart, Inc. C3152 ductor devices and power supply
RoMan Mfg., Inc. C2516, C2616 www.saftcart.com equipment for welding, metal finish-
www.romanmfg.com ing, plating, and electrical regulators.
Saf-T-Cart will present its welding lo-
Romar/Red Rock, LLC C3140 gistics products including cylinder ScanMaster Systems (IRT), Inc. C3655
www.redrockusa.com carts, cages, pallets, cylinder banks, www.scanmaster­irt.com
pallet beds, and trailers.
Romar/Red Rock will exhibit its line of Schaefer Ventilation C1760
turning rolls, positioners, manipula- Sakura of America C93 www.schaeferfan.com
tors, and controls. www.sakuraofamerica.com/industrial
Schaefer Ventilation will offer its ven-
rose plastic USA C3466 Sakura will exhibit its markers and tilation and thermal comfort solutions
www.rose­plastic.us writing instruments that range from for circulating, exhausting, evapora-
broad to ultrafine marking for remov- tive cooling, or infrared heating needs.
rose plastic will offer its line of plastic- able or permanent applications. Its
protective packaging systems. The solid-paint markers mark on almost

For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index

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OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 151

FABTECH

Sellstrom Manufacturing Co. C2130
www.sellstrom.com
Sellstrom will display a range of safety
products, including goggles, protective
glasses, welding helmets and auto-
darkening welding filters, faceshields,
emergency shower/eyewash, fall arrest
equipment, and more. The company
will feature its new Impulse™
MAGSENSE™ autodarkening filter,
DP4™ plasma faceshield, and 17 Spat-
terGuard™ high-temp fabrics.
Servo Motors & Drives, Inc. C2537
www.servomd.com
Servo­Robot, Inc. C1222
www.servorobot.com
Servo-Robot will introduce the follow-
ing new products: i-CUBE universal ro-
bot sensor, POWER-TRAC/Z 3D twin
laser-vision system for multipass weld-
ing automation, AUTO-TRAC/PWP
seam tracking for special dedicated
welding machines and Wiki-SCAN
handheld weld-inspection system.
Shandong Huaye Tungsten C39 Shenzhen JiTaiXin A2948
& Molybdenum Co., Ltd. Electronics Co., Ltd.
www.huayewumu.com www.szjtxdz.com
Shandong Juli Welding C3212 Shenzhen JiTaiXin Electronics will ex-
Co., Ltd. hibit its medium-sized, high-frequen-
www.sdjlhc.com cy transformers.
Shandong Juli Welding will offer an Signature Plates, Inc. C3255
array of welding materials, including www.signatureplates.com
welding electrodes and wire.
Signature Plates will showcase its cus-
tom metal nameplates made with
Shanghai Gonglue C49 more than 130 different types of sheet
Machinery & Elect Tech Co., Ltd. metal to fabricate hundreds of shapes,
www.xunweld.com in a variety of imprinting methods, in-
cluding chemical etching, screen print-
Shanghai Gonglue will feature a range ing, embossing, sublimation, and laser
of agglomerated flux, wire, and strip and mechanical engraving.
products, including mild steel and low-
alloy steel flux and wire, and stainless Smartware Group, Inc. C1134
steel and nickel-alloy wire. www.bigfootcmms.com
Shenzhen Canroon Electrical C2535 Smartware Group will feature Bigfoot
Appliances Co., Ltd. CMMS, a maintenance management
www.canroon.com software for a variety of industries, in-
cluding manufacturing and hospitality.

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152 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014

For Info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index
 Atlanta • Nov. 11–13

Check out these AWS programs at the show.

So You’re the New “Welding Engineer” • Tues. (Nov. 11) & Wed. (Nov. 12)
How to get “up to speed” quickly. How to ask the right questions. How to get the results needed, save money, and
stay out of trouble! Two-day program for managers, engineers, designers, and others with welding
responsibility but limited exposure/background in welding.
Thermal Spray Technology: High Performance Surfaces • Wed. (Nov. 12)
The International Thermal Spray Association, a standing committee of AWS, has organized this coatings conference
to introduce and highlight various advantages of the thermal spray process. This conference will benefit both
potential users and those actively involved with thermal spray coatings, as it will focus on actual applications and
new developments in thermal spray technology.
Resistance Welding School • Wed. (Nov. 12) & Thurs. (Nov. 13)
The Resistance Welding Manufacturing Alliance, a standing committee of AWS, offers a two-day program conducted
by industry specialists with extensive resistance welding experience. The basics of resistance welding and real-
life application of the process are covered. Each participant may learn at their own pace, and discuss specific
welding concerns with the instructors. You are invited to bring your own samples for discussion.
Additive Manufacturing Conference • Thurs. (Nov. 13)
Additive manufacturing represents the realization of the ideal of “on-demand manufacturing.” Without molds or dies,
additive manufacturing enables production of parts and prototypes on demand. Design improvements can be made
and tested rapidly without tooling and machining constraints. Come and learn from the experts about additive
manufacturing processes such as powder bed fusion, material extrusion, directed energy deposition, material
jetting, and more.
…plus dozens of other educational sessions.

Explore all the educational opportunities and register at www.fabtechexpo.com

Earn PDHs toward your AWS recertification or renewal when you attend these programs!

See us at FABTECH booth C2762

 FABTECH

SMC Corp of America C3566 high-performance steels, cast irons, saws, blades, lifting magnets, beveling
www.smcusa.com and dissimilar metals, as well as over- machines, and welding automation.
laying on steel for corrosion or erosion
SMC will feature new products de- protection. Product trademarks in- Steiner Industries C2150
signed for welding, fabricating, and clude Inconel®, Inco-Weld®, Ni-Rod®, www.steinerindustries.com
general automation. and Incoloy®.
Steiner Industries will exhibit its line
Southern Copper & Supply C1160 Standard Resistance C1058 of protective clothing, gloves, and
www.southerncopper.com Welder Co. welding supplies designed to promote
www.srwelder.com safety and increase productivity in the
Southern Stud Weld, Inc. A2955 workplace.
www.studweld.com Stäubli Corp. C3162
www.staubli.com Strong Hand Tools C1132
Southern Stud Weld will showcase its www.stronghandtools.com
new BMS-9 stud welder and PS-9 stud Stäubli will premier its quick-connect
welding gun. systems for all types of fluids, gases, Strong Hand Tools will introduce its
and electrical power. high-precision, German-made Sieg-
Southern Welding C2435 mund welding tables for heavy-duty
Systems Int’l Steelmax Tools C1716 fixturing. On demonstration will be
www.swsintl.com www.steelmax.com the BuildPro MAX modular welding
table along with the company’s Frame-
Special Metals Welding C2522 Steelmax Tools will offer a range of Builder welding table kits for efficient
Products Co. metalworking tools for the fabricator, 2D and 3D framing.
www.pccenergygroup.com welder, and MRO. There will be many
new introductions with live demon- Stud Welding Associates, Inc. C87
Special Metals Welding Products will strations. On display will be a full www.StudWelding.com
highlight its nickel-based welding con- range of portable magnetic drills, an-
sumables for joining nickel alloys, nular cutting tools, metal cutting

Purchase $1000 worth of any Kimberly-Clark Professional* workplace solutions

by Nov. 30th and earn a FREE GoPro® Camera or other rewards.

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For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index See us at FABTECH booth C1704

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 155

FABTECH
Suhner Industrial C1366
Products, Inc.
www.suhner­abrasive­expert.com
Suhner will display its series of electri-
cal, pneumatic, and flexible shaft-abra-
sive power tools used for grinding, fin-
ishing, and polishing various metals
with a specific focus on stainless steel
and aluminum. The company will also
offer a full line of abrasive products.
Sumner Manufacturing C3145
Co., Inc.
www.sumner.com
Sumner will feature several new weld-
ing setup tools, including high-quality
material lifts, jack stands, pipe fitup
clamps, welding tools, and material
carts.
Sunstone Engineering C99
www.Sunstoneengineering.com
Sunstone Engineering will exhibit mi-
crowelding solutions and an offering
consisting of capacitive discharge, AC,
For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index
156 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014
pulse-arc, micro GTA, and laser weld- Superon Schweisstechnik C3551
ing products. To help determine the India, Ltd.
best solution for its customers, the www.superonindia.com
company offers a free sample evalua-
tion as well as consulting for custom Swagelok Marketing C1122
spot welding applications. Services Co.
www.swagelok.com
Superior Abrasives, Inc. C2439
www.superiorabrasives.com Taylor Winfield C3529
Technologies, Inc.
Superior Abrasives will showcase in- www.taylor­winfield.com
dustrial grade coated and nonwoven
abrasive products such as quick- Taylor-Winfield Technologies, a leader
change discs, belts, specialties, and en- in the design and manufacture of ma-
gineered products. terial joining equipment and systems,
will focus on its capabilities in auto-
Superior Products C3502 mated assembly systems, induction
www.superiorprod.com heating generators, resistance welding
machines, robotic workcells, arc weld-
Superior Products will introduce the ing machines, material forming and
new versions of its Mighty-Max auto- joining equipment, and welding
matic changeover manifold along with accessories.
two new versions for laser assist gases,
and a new line of cryogenic hoses, Team Industries, Inc. C3345
pressure relief valves, and cryogenic www.weldpositioner.com
connections.
Team Industries will feature Genera-
tion IV weld positioner, which offers
Ferrite Content with the FERITSCOPE® FMP30
“fast, precise and non-destructive”
Handheld instrument for the measurement of the ferrite content
in Austenitic and Duplex Steel
Outstanding features
• Fast, non-destructive measurement
of ferrite content on-site or in the
lab
• Ferrite measurable either in Ferrite-
percentage “%Fe” or Ferritenumber
“FN”
• Measurement range 0.1 to 80% Fe
or 0.1 to 110 FN
• Evaluation capabilities to the
platform FISCHER Data Center
Software
See us at FABTECH booth B710
See us at FABTECH booth B232
• User-friendly operation menu
www.fischer-technology.com
Coating Thickness Material Analysis Microhardness Material Testing
For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index
For Info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index

variable height adjustment with a
self-leveling option to provide quick
height adjustments while maintaining
selected angle on gripper face.
TEC Torch Co., Inc. C1750
www.tectorch.com
Techalloy C2044
www.techalloy.com
Techalloy® will promote its nickel al-
loy and stainless steel welding con-
sumables for automotive exhaust sys-
tems, high-temperature and anticorro-
sive chemical and pharmaceutical in-
dustry applications, oil and gas indus-
try fabrication, maintenance and re-
pair, power generation and nuclear ap-
plications, and for corrosive environ-
ments in the paper, pulp, and marine
industries.
Techflex, Inc. C1756
www.techflex.com
Techniweld C1766
www.techniweldusa.com
For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index
Techniweld will highlight its service as
a wholesale supplier of high-quality
welding products for welding and
industrial distributors throughout the
Western Hemisphere. The company
carries both name brand domestic
welding lines and a complete line of
Techniweld branded welding alloys,
welding accessories, gas apparatus,
safety equipment, chemicals, roll
goods, welding cable, gas hose, and
many other items for the welding
industry.
TECMEN Electronics Co., Ltd. C3338
www.tecmen.cn
TECMEN will feature its
autodarkening welding helmet,
welding masks, powered air-purifying
respirator, and welding accessories.
The company’s products meet CE,
GS, DIN, CSA, ANSI, and AS/NZS
approvals.
Tennessee Rand, Inc. C2022
www.tennrand.com
For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index
FABTECH
Tennessee Rand will feature its
capabilities as a full service automation
integrator with core competencies in
advanced welding system design, high-
quality weld fixtures, robotic
integration, process automation, and
on-going service and support.
Terralux C3363
www.terraluxportable.com
The ROUECHE Co., LLC C1065
www.trcwelding.com
Thermacut, Inc. C1344
www.thermacut.com
Thermacut will showcase its
replacement consumables,
accessories, and torch heads for
plasma cutting, gas tungsten arc, gas
metal arc, and plasma welding, and
replacement cutting consumables for
laser and oxyfuel processes.
Thermco Instrument Corp. C3623
www.thermco.com
OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 159
FABTECH
3M
www.3m.com/ppesafety
Tianjin Jinlong Welding
Material Co., Ltd.
www.jinlongweldcom
Tianjin Xinsen Welding
Materials Co., Ltd.
www.xinsenwelding.com
Tip Tig USA, LLC
www.tiptigusa.com
TIP TIG will highlight its manual and
automated GTAW process capable of
consistently producing code-quality
welds without rework.
Titus Flux, Inc./
American Welding & Flux
www.titusflux.com
Titus Flux will promote its submerged
arc welding flux and reclamation
system.
See us at FABTECH booth C1028
For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index
160 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014
C1522 T. J. Snow Co. C1150
www.tjsnow.com
C33 T. J. Snow will showcase its expertise
in designing and building new and
used/remanufactured resistance spot,
projection, seam, and flash/butt
C47 welding machines, as well as related
consumable copper components, weld
checkers, and force gauges.
C3640 Torchmate C2022
www.torchmate.com
Torchmate® will offer its CNC gantry
table-based plasma cutting systems,
including the Torchmate® X table and
expandable Growth Series™ CNC
prototyping system. Fabricators can
C2140 customize most systems to
incorporate a router, waterjet,
engraver, glue gun or other tools.
Tregaskiss C2944
www.tregaskiss.com
Tregaskiss will featur its line of
robotic gas metal arc welding guns,
peripherals, and consumables,
including its TOUGH GUN™ robotic
GMAW guns and peripherals, TOUGH
LOCK™ consumables, QUICK LOAD™
liners, and the QUICK LOAD liner
AutoLength™ system.
Trendex Information C2110
Systems, Inc.
www.trendexsys.com
Trendex will showcase its new
Gastrend, an accounting and cylinder
control software designed for the
welding supply distributor.
Demonstrations will show how to
control accounts receivable, accounts
payable, general ledger and inventory,
enter counter sales invoices and orders
using bar codes, and track cylinders.
Routrend, a mobile invoicing system,
can be used to generate invoices in the
delivery truck.
Tri Tool, Inc. C1304
www.tritool.com
Tri Tool will highlight its 40 years as a
leading manufacturer and field service
provider of portable pipe machining
and welding equipment including OD
and ID mounted cutting and beveling
machines, and the AdaptArc multi-
process orbital welding system.
Demonstrations of machining and
welding equipment will be conducted.
Equipment and services are used
heavily in power generation, high-
purity applications, pipeline, and oil
and gas industries.
Triple Crown Products C2108
www.crownquality.com
Triple Crown Products will premier its
safety gear, apparel, cap, uniform, and
specialty products that can be
personalize with company names by
silk screening, embroidered emblems,
or direct embroidery.
TRU­FIT Products TRU­Weld C1360
www.truweldstudwelding.com
Trystar C3544
www.trystar.com
Tuffaloy Products, Inc. C3662
www.tuffaloy.com
 FABTECH

Tulsa Welding School C2556 United Abrasives, Inc. /SAIT C1217 Uniweld Products, Inc. C2504
www.weldingschool.com www.unitedabrasives.com www.uniweld.com

TWI North American, LLC C3413
www.twi­global.com
TWI is a world leading research and
technology organization for welding,
joining, and structural integrity. TWI
develops and sells software products
to support customers in welding,
engineering, and training.
U­Mark, Inc. C2161
www.umarkers.com
U-Mark will feature its broad variety
of innovative markers for industrial
and professional use, including paint
markers, ink markers, and specialty
markers. On display will be the new
M-15 broad tip permanent marker;
the new Metalhead, a refillable paint
marker designed to mark on metals;
and the AP-1, a valve action,
permanent ink marker that marks on
anything and is environmentally
friendly.
United Abrasives will showcase its
full line of bonded abrasives: grinding
wheels, cutting wheels, cup wheels,
cones, plugs, and a host of similar
bonded products. Also featured will be
a wide variety of sanding sheets,
belts, rolls, flap discs, fiber and PSA
discs, as well as wire brushes,
nonwoven abrasives, tungsten carbide
burs, diamond wheels, and a full line
of accessories.
United States Welding Corp. C3440
www.usweldingcorp.com
United States Welding stocks over
150 different welding alloys used
worldwide for the aerospace, defense,
and energy industries. The company
also produces vacuum melted heats
for R&D or specific critical joining
applications.
University of Ultrasonics C3352
www.universityofultrasonics.com
Uniweld will highlight its full range of
oxyfuel flame tools and accessories
for the professional welder and metal
fabricator in construction, bridge
building, ship building, railroading,
mining, and farm applications. New
product demos will be conducted.
Valley Craft Industries, Inc. C1663
www.valleycraft.com
VDM Metals USA, LLC C2510
www.vdm­metals­usa.com
VDM USA will premier its corrosion-
and heat-resistant materials from
nickel, titanium, and zirconium alloys,
including nickel alloys 200, 400, 600,
800, 625, 622, C-276, as well as
proprietary alloys 31, 33, 59, 602CA,
and the new 2120 and 31 plus alloys.
Titanium and zirconium alloys will also
be offered. Product forms include plate,
bar, sheet, strip, wire, and billet.

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For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 161

FABTECH
VERNON Tool C2022
www.vernontool.com
VERNON Tool™ will feature its pipe
cutting machines, steel tube cutting
machines, pipe beveling machines,
pipe profilers, and pipe fabrication
machinery, as well as its Greenwood™
brand shut-off valves used in the oil
and gas industries. The company will
also offer its expertise in difficult pipe
fabrication and process flow issues in
industrial construction.
Veroine, LLC C3613
Victor Technologies C2454
www.victortechnologies.com
Victor Technologies will showcase its
cutting, welding, and gas control
equipment under brand names that
include Victor®, Victor Thermal
Dynamics®, Victor Arcair®, Victor
TurboTorch®, Tweco®, Thermal Arc®,
Stoody®, and Firepower®.
For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index
162 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014
Victory Plasma Systems
www.victoryplasma.com
Victor Plasma will present its
capabilities in fabricating, delivering
and installing complete turnkey CNC
plasma cutting systems. The company
also offers custom cutting solutions
and retrofits.
Vitronic Machine Vision
www.vitronic.com
VITRONIC will spotlight its expertise
in machine vision products including
the optical 3D inspection system
VIROwsi that reliably inspects brazing
and weld joints for quality criteria.
voestalpine Bohler Welding C2754
USA, Inc.
www.voestalpine.com/welding
VSM Abrasives
www.vsmabrasives.com
VSM Abrasives will feature its coated
See us at FABTECH booth C3316
C3314 abrasives, including the new diamond
products and a complete line of
ceramic and other coated abrasive
products. Discs will be given away for
trials in applications.
Walter Surface Technologies C3556
www.walter.com
Walter Surface Technologies will
C2560 premier its surface treatment
technologies ranging from surface
conditioning, shaping, and
preparation, to surface finishing,
cleaning and protection. The
technologies include abrasive
systems, chemical cleaners,
lubricants, and biotechnology.
Wayne Trail Technologies C2022
www.waynetrail.com
Wayne Trail Technologies will feature
C1164 its systems and automation used in the
metal forming, joining, and fabricating
industries, including press automation,
robotics, welding and fixturing, laser
See us at FABTECH booth B3401
2″
Sch. 40
Pipe Capacity
For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index
For Info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index
See us at FABTECH booth C2762

systems, tube bending and fabricating,
hydroform and structural frame
automation, system integration, and
build to print/manufacturing services.
Weartech C2044
www.weartech.net
Weartech will highlight its cobalt and
nickel-based wear-, corrosion-, and
high-temperature-resistant alloys
manufactured in all types of
hardfacing consumables such as rods,
electrodes, wires, and powders. The
company also casts solid alloy parts
and provides machining and
hardfacing services.
Webb­Stiles Co. B209
www.webb­stiles.com
Webb-Stiles will promote its conveyor
systems: power and gravity, chain-
driven, line shaft and live roller, belt,
chain, and slat, tow lines, and vertical
conveying equipment.
See us at FABTECH booth A2944
For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index
Weil Engineering
North America, LLC
www.weilengineering.com
Weil Engineering will spotlight its
complete laser welding systems for
tubing in the automotive industry
(mufflers, catalytic converters, fuel
filters/fillers), trucking industry
(complete DPF canning and monolith
insertion / stuffing lines), and general
industries (electric motor shells,
chimney tubes, HVAC and irrigation
pumps). The company will also
feature roll-forming and tube cutting
machines.
Weiler Corp.
www.weilercorp.com
Weiler will feature its line of brushes
and abrasives for metal cleaning,
grinding, deburring, and finishing,
which includes the company’s
Roughneck®, Dually™, Tiger®Disc,
Saber Tooth, Big Cat, and Vortec Pro™
products, as well as general purpose
cutting and grinding wheels.
See us at FABTECH booth A3059
FABTECH
B4409 Weld Engineering Co. C1722
www.weldengineering.com
Weld Engineering will be displaying
it's complete line of medium- and
heavy-duty submerged arc flux
handling systems: air and electric
powered, automatic, portable and
tractor units, advanced pressure feed
and recovery systems, flux rebake,
and holding ovens. There will be live
demonstrations.
Weld Systems Integrators, Inc. C1040
www.wsiweld.com
The company will highlight its nut
C3104 and stud resistance welding machines,
which meet automotive
specifications.
Weld.com C2009
www.weld.com
Weld.com connects people, products
and services globally to keep the
welding veteran or weekend warrior
informed and ahead of competition,
For info go to www.aws.org/ad­index
OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 165
FABTECH
and to empower you with
information you need to grow your
business.
Weld­Aid Products C3129
www.weldaid.com
Weld-Aid will promote its NOZZLE
KLEEN® coatings to maximize tip,
nozzle, and diffuser life; WELD
KLEEN® for preventing spatter build-
up; LUBE-MATIC® coatings to
maximize tip and liner life; and BRITE
ZINC® to provide a high-luster, zinc-
rich, rust-inhibiting coating for the
repair of galvanized steel.
Weldas Co. C2545
www.weldas.com
Weldcoa C1123
www.weldcoa.com
Weldcoa specializes in industrial
cylinder fill systems, pallets, specialty
gas labs and fill facilities, liquid fill
systems, automation, cylinder gas
packs, cryogenic pump install, and
service and pump automation.
Welder Training & Testing A2729
Institute
www.wtti.com
WTTI will offer its expertise in weld
training, certification, and inspection,
as well as procedure and performance
qualification testing.
Welders Pocket Pal C3657
www.welderspocketpal.com
Welding Alloys USA C2041
www.welding­alloys.com
Welding Alloys will promote its low-
and high-alloyed cored wires for
hardfacing, surfacing, and joining
applications, and also its automatic
welding equipment.
Weldlogic, Inc. C2134
www.weldlogic.com
Weldlogic will promote its automated
welding systems, programmable
power supplies, microweld systems,
lathe-type weld positioners, seam
welding machines, and plate bending
rolls.
166 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014
Weldobot, Ltd. C91
www.weldobot.com
Weldsale, LLC C2122
www.weldsale.com
Weldsale will feature its platens for
bending, straightening, cutting,
heating, grinding, glueing, drilling,
hammering, twisting, and screwing
assembles and weld components.
Also on display will be Flame Clear
Pyramids to protect flame and plasma
cutting tables.
Weldship Corp. C3253
www.weldship.com
Weldship specializes in delivering
industrial gases and chemicals to
manufacturers, independent distrib-
utors, and specialty chemical
producers with its tube trailers, gas
and liquid storage assemblies, and
CO2 transporters.
Welker Engineered Products C2135
www.welkerproducts.com
Welker will highlight its standard
components for locating, clamping,
sliding, lifting, ejecting, transporting,
stopping, and rotating applications,
serving the automotive,
transportation, industrial,
agricultural, and special machine
industries.
WEMCO C2
www.aws.org/wemco
WEMCO — An Association of
Welding Manufacturers is a standing
committee of the American Welding
Society (AWS) dedicated to providing
a common voice to the welding
industry. This influential
organization represents
manufacturers who make products for
welding processes and applications.
The association is an invaluable
source of information and services to
welding industry end-users,
distributors, and manufacturers.
WEMCO hosts high-profile annual
meetings, which include welding
industry speakers and leaders who
deliver enlightening presentations
about the latest issues and trends in
the welding industry, while providing
a platform for dynamic forums.
Members are exposed to networking
opportunities that promote the
exchange of ideas in a noncompetitive
atmosphere.
Wendt USA, LLC C2566
www.wendtusa.com
Wendt will premier its abrasive,
finishing, and polishing products for
metal fabrication. Most products are
available in wheel or disc form for use
on common tools.
West Chester Protective Gear C3236
www.westchestergear.com
The company will feature its
IRONCAT® gloves and apparel
designed for the heat shielding,
dexterity, and protection demands of
welding applications.
Western Enterprises C3204
www.westernenterprises.com
Western Enterprises will spotlight its
line of products used in the control,
transmission, and storage of
compressed gases for industrial,
medical, and specialty gas
applications.
Winnox Industries, Ltd. C3111
www.winnox­weld.com
Winnox Industries will promote its
welding-related product lines,
including copper alloys, aluminum
alloys, leather welding gloves and
welding jackets, leather and fiberglass
welding blankets, welding curtains,
welding tool bags, and leather and
polyester cable covers.
WireCrafters, Inc. C3510
www.wirecrafters.com
WireCrafters will feature its wire
partitions commonly used for tool
cribs, secured storage cages, machine
barriers, and robotic work cell
enclosures, including NSI/RIA
compliant machine perimeter
guarding known as RapidWire-HD,
and new stainless steel partitions for
the food, beverage, pharmacutical,
and medical markets.
Wisconsin Wire Works, Inc. C3317
www.wisconsinwireworks.com

Wisconsin Wire Works will promote
its copper and bronze wires for
welding and thermal spraying,
including deoxidized copper, silicon
bronze, phosphor bronze, aluminum
bronze, naval bronze, low-fuming
bronze, and nickel silver brazing rods
and wire. Products come in coils,
spooled wire, and cut rods.
Wise Welding Technology & C41
Equipment Co., Ltd.
www.wtec.com.cn
WITT Gas Controls C1661
www.wittgas.us
WITT Gas Controls will offer its gas
mixers, gas analyzers, dome loaded
regulators, flashback arrestors, non-
return valves, safety relief valves, and
stainless steel safety equipment. On
exhibit will be high-flow/high-
pressure hydrogen flashback
arrestors; portable, hand-held CO2/O2
gas analyzers; and gas mixers for
shielding gases.
Wolf Robotics, LLC C1250
www.wolfrobotics.com
Wolf Robotics will promote its
capabilities as a metalworking
integrator offering standard cells and
custom engineered systems for arc
welding, cutting, machine tending,
and material removal applications.
Wuhan Welhel Photoelectric C2163
Co., Ltd.
www.welhel.com
The company will highlight its auto-
darkening welding helmets, which are
CE, ANSI, AS/NZS, ROHS approved.
Wuxi Datang Welding & C31
Cutting Mechanical Equipment
Co., Ltd.
www.wuxidatang.com
Wuxi Hanshen Electric Co., Ltd. C3353
www.hanshen.com.cn
The company will feature its expertise
in welding and cutting power supplies,
intelligent digital control cutting
equipment, laser welding and cutting
robots, automatic welding equipment,
environment protection, and dust-
removing equipment.
FABTECH
Wuxi Kelonik Welding C2660 and MotoEye LT-HD, new software for
Apparatus Co., Ltd. arc welding joint-tracking
www.wxkink.com/english/company.asp applications, will also be shown.
Several products will be
Wuxi Ronniewell Machinery Equi. C29 demonstrated.
www.ronniewell.com
York Portable Machine Tools C1212
The company will promote its www.yorkmachine.com
capabilities as a manufacturer of wind
tower welding equipment. The company will premier its
portable, powerful, easy to use, York
Wuxi Volcano Welding & C3262 bore-welders and boring bars
Cutting Equipment Co., Ltd. designed for on-site or in-shop repairs
www.volcanocn.com to worn pin and bearing fits. Factory-
trained field representatives will be
The company will feature a variety of available to answer your questions.
welding equipment, including rotors,
positioners, and manipulators. Yunnan Hengyu Optical C2563
Electronics Co. (Optech Co.)
Wuxi Wojer Welding & C3643 www.artotic.com.cn
Cutting Equipment Co., Ltd.
www.wojerwelds.com The company will feature its
autodarkening welding helmets with
Wuxi Yincheng Science & C1206 CE and ANSI approvals.
Technology Co., Ltd.
www.wuxiyc.com Zhejiang Changzheng C25
Project Carbon Electrodes Co., Ltd.
Xingtai Abrasives (Fujian) C3417 www.czcarbon.com
Technology Co., Ltd.
www.xtym.com.cn The company will highlight its carbon
electrodes for gouging, and
The company will promote its regulators, cable connectors, and
abrasive sanding belt and polishing ceramic backing material for welding.
discs, which meet MPA, EN 12413
and EN 13743 approvals. Zhengzhou Anxin Abrasives C3231
Co., Ltd.
Xiris Automation, Inc. C1667
www.xiris.com Zibo Maike Welding C3258
Equipment Co., Ltd.
Xiris will exhibit its machine vision/ www.maike­welding.com
inspection products for the welding,
metal fabrication, and tube and pipe Z J Industries, Inc. C75
industries, which include the XVC-O www.zjindustriesinc.com
camera for monitoring open arc
welding, XVC-S W camera for
monitoring submerged arc welding,
and WI2000p for postweld inspection,
primarily in pipe and tube fabrication.
Demonstrations will be performed.
Yaskawa America, Inc. C1534
www.motoman.com
Yaskawa Motoman will introduce new
arc and spot welding robots. Double
trunnion “Ferris Wheel” positioners
and a welding STEM education cell
will be shown. An ArcWorld workcell
with Robotiq’s Kinetiq Teaching will
allow hand guiding of a welding robot
for simplified teaching. MotoEye™ LT
OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 167
COMING EVENTS

6th Int’l Brazing & Soldering Conference. April 19–22, 2015.

AWS­Sponsored Events
Welding Summit Workshop. Oct. 8, 9. AWS World Head-
quarters, Miami, Fla. Designed to provide an interactive
open forum environment for professionals from various ar-
eas of the welding industry to discuss issues and propose so-
lutions. www.aws.org/conferences.
Sheet Metal Welding Conference XVI. Oct. 22–24. School-
craft College, Livonia, Mich. Sponsored by the AWS Detroit
Section. To highlight recent developments in welding and
joining technologies for lightweight structures. www.awsde-
troit.org.
FABTECH 2014. Nov. 11–13. Georgia World Congress Center,
Atlanta, Ga. This exhibition is the largest event in North
America dedicated to showcasing the full spectrum of metal
forming, fabricating, tube and pipe, welding equipment, and
myriad manufacturing technologies. (800/305) 443-9353,
ext. 264; www.fabtechexpo.com.
Thermal Spray Pavilion and Conference. Nov. 12. Georgia
World Congress Center, Atlanta, Ga., at FABTECH 2014.
Topics to include applications, processes, coatings, equip-
ment, automation, sensors and controls, and safety issues.
Int’l Thermal Spray Assn., an AWS Standing Committee.
www.thermalspray.org; www.fabtechexpo.com.
Weld Smarter With
Total Welding Management
Implementing the principles and
concepts in this book could save
you $15,000 to $25,000 annually
per welder.
Drawing on more than 50 years
of welding experience, author Jack
R. Barckhoff, P.E., gives you a solid
step-by-step plan to manage your
welding operations for maximum
productivity and cost efficiency.
Specific recommendations and
real-life production examples
illustrate how your welding team
can realize productivity gains of 20 percent to 50 percent.
Total Welding Management explains the management
principles, structure, and details you need to transform your
welding operations from a cost center into a profit center. A
must-read for supervisors, managers, and executives who
seek to make their welding operations more efficient and
more productive. 185 pages, 35 figure, 20 tables, hardbound.
Long Beach, Calif. Topics will include current research, prac-
tical and potential applications, and new developments in
these technologies. www.awo.aws.org/2015-ibsc.
FABTECH 2015. Nov. 9–12, 2015. McCormick Place, Chicago,
Ill. This exhibition is the largest event in North America
dedicated to showcasing the full spectrum of metal forming,
fabricating, tube and pipe, welding equipment, and myriad
manufacturing technologies. (800/305) 443-9353, ext. 264;
www.fabtechexpo.com.
U.S., Canada, Mexico Events
Aerospace Coatings: Development and Manufacturing
Trends for the 21st Century. Oct. 8, 9. Sheraton Bradley Air-
port Hotel, Hartford, Conn. www2.asminternational.org/ con-
tent/Events/aerospacecoatings.
National Career Pathways Network Annual Conference.
(NCPN). Oct. 12–14. Buena Vista Palace Hotel & Spa, Walt
Disney World® Resort, Orlando, Fla. www.ncpn.info.
ASNT Annual Conference 2014. Oct. 27–30. Charleston Con-
vention Center, Charleston, S.C. American Society for Non-
destructive Testing; (800) 222-2768; www.asnt.org.
2nd Annual The Assembly Show. Oct. 28–30. Donald E.
Stephens Convention Center, Rosemont, Ill. To improve
product quality and prevent recalls in the automotive and
medical devices manufacturing industries. Visit website for
list of seminars and workshops. www.theassemblyshow.com.
Automotive Testing Expo 2014 colocated with Engine Expo
2014. Oct. 28–30. Suburban Collection Showplace, Novi,
Mich. www.testing-expo.com/usa/; www.engine-expo.com/usa/.
Association for Manufacturing Excellence® ‘Strategic
Success through People­Powered Excellence’ Conference.
Nov. 10–14. Hyatt Regency Jacksonville Riverfront Hotel,
Jacksonville, Fla. www.ame.org.
International Thermal Spray Conference colocated with
AeroMat 2015 and Microstructural Characterization of
Aerospace Materials and Coatings. May 11–14, 2015. Long
Beach Convention & Entertainment Center, Long Beach,
Calif. www.asminternational.org/web/itsc-2015.
INTERTECH 2015. May 19, 20, 2015. Downtown Marriott In-
dianapolis, Indianapolis, Ind. To feature developments and
applications for superabrasives in the automotive and other
industries. Sponsored by Industrial Diamond Assn. of Amer-
ica. www.intertechconference.com.

Order yours today: 888-WELDING (935-3464).

Outside North America: 305-824-1177.
Online: www.aws.org/standards
Order code: AWS TWM, $49.50
© American Welding Society 2006
See us at FABTECH booth C2762
International Events
Aluminium 2014, 10th World Trade Fair and Conference.
Oct. 7–9, Messe Dűsseldorf, Germany. Spotlighting the Chi-
WJS1235
nese and Indian markets. www.aluminium-messe.com.

168 WELDING JOURNAL /OCTOBER 2014

7th Offshore Energy Expo and Conference. Oct. 28, 29. Am-
sterdam RAI, The Netherlands. www.offshore-energy.biz.
4th IIW Welding Research & Collaboration Colloquium. Nov.
5, 6. The University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia. The
Welding Technology Institute of Australia (WTIA).
www.wtia.com.au.
International Conference on Mechanics and Civil Engineer­
ing (ICMCE2014). Dec. 13, 14. Zhong Tian Century Hotel,
Wuhan, Hubei, China. All papers will be presented in Eng-
lish. www.icmce2014.org/cfp.html.
International Conference on Mechanics and Civil Engineer­
ing (ICMCE2014). Dec. 13, 14. Zhong Tian Century Hotel,
Wuhan, Hubei, China. All papers will be presented in Eng-
lish. www.icmce2014.org/cfp.html.
International Symposium on Engineering Technology, Edu­
cation, and Management (ISETEM 2014). Dec. 26, 27.
Guangzhou, China www.isetem.org.
2nd Arabia Essen Welding & Cutting. Jan. 10–13, 2015.
Dubai World Trade Center, Dubai, UAE. www.arabia-essen-
welding-cutting.com.
8th Offshore Energy Expo and Conference. Oct. 13, 14,
2015. Amsterdam RAI, The Netherlands. www.offshore-
energy.biz.
Educational Opportunities
Brazing School — Fundamentals to Advanced Concepts.
Oct. 7–9 (Greenville, S.C.); Nov. 18–20 (Hartford, Conn.).
Kay and Associates. (860) 651-5595;
www.kaybrazing.com/seminars; dan.kay@kaybrazing.com.
Grounding and Electrical Protection Courses. Oct. 9, 10 in
Phoenix, Ariz.; Nov. 13, 14 in New Orleans, La. Lyncole XIT
Grounding; (800) 962-2610; www.lyncole.com/courses/.
Laser Additive Manufacturing Workshop. March 4, 5, 2015.
College of Optics and Photonics at the University of Central
Florida, Orlando, Fla. www.lia.org/lam.
Modeling and Simulation for Nondestructive Evaluation.
Oct. 13–17. Saclay (Paris), France. www.mse-chair.org.
Modern Furnace Brazing School. Oct. 21–23 (Aerobraze En-
gineered Technologies’ Brazing Engineering Center, Cincin-
nati, Ohio). Contact Domenic Calagna, (248) 585-6400, ext.
221; brazingschool@wallcolmonoy.com.
Resistance Welding Seminars. Oct. 1, Evansville, Ind.; Oct.
15, Columbus, Ohio; Nov. 20, Orlando, Fla. T. J. Snow Co.
www.tjsnow.com; welders@tjsnow.com.
Welder Training & Testing Institute Courses. API Endorse-
ment: Nov. 1; D1.5 Endorsement: Nov. 3–7; D1.1 Endorse-
ment: Nov. 7; Contact Tracy Wiswesser, WTTI, 1144 N.
Graham St., Allentown, Pa.; (610) 820-9551, ext. 204;
www.wtti.com.
E­Courses in Destructive and Nondestructive Testing of
Welds. Online video courses taken at one’s own pace offer
certificates of completion and continuing education units.
Hobart Institute of Welding Technology. hiwt@welding.org;
www.welding.org.
Hypertherm Cutting Institute Online. Includes video tutori-
als, interactive e-learning courses, discussion forums, webi-
nars, and blogs. Visit www.hypertherm.com, www.hyper-
thermcuttinginstitute.com.
INTEG Courses. Courses in NDE disciplines to meet certifica-
tions to Canadian General Standards Board or Canadian Nu-
clear Safety Commission. The Canadian Welding Bureau;
(800) 844-6790; www.cwbgroup.org.
Laser Safety Online Courses. Courses include Medical Laser
Safety Officer, Laser Safety Training for Physicians, Indus-
trial Laser Safety, and Laser Safety in Educational Institu-
tions. Laser Institute of America; (800) 345-2737;
www.lia.org.
Laser Safety Training Courses. Courses based on ANSI
Z136.1, Safe Use of Lasers, Orlando, Fla., or customer’s site.
Laser Institute of America; (800) 345-2737; www.lia.org.
Laser U — Online Education Portal. Offers practical infor-
mation to use on the job. Topics range from 3D printing to
drilling, welding, wireless and optical product requirements,
and many others. Visit website for complete information
and to sign up for modules. Laser Institute of America;
www.lia.org/laseru.
Laser Vision Seminars. Two-day classes, offered monthly
and on request, include tutorials and practical training. Pre-
sented at Servo-Robot, Inc., St. Bruno, QC, Canada. For
schedule, cost, and availability, send your request to
info@servorobot.com.
Machine Safeguarding Seminars. Rockford Systems, Inc.;
(800) 922-7533; www.rockfordsystems.com.
Machining and Grinding Courses. TechSolve, www.TechSolve.org.
NACE International Training and Certification Courses. Na-
tional Assoc. of Corrosion Engineers; (281) 228-6223;
www.nace.org.
NDE and CWI/CWE Courses and Exams. Allentown, Pa., and
customers’ locations. Welder Training and Testing Institute;
(800) 223-9884; www.wtti.edu.
NDT Courses and Exams. Brea, Calif., and customers’ loca-
tions. Level I and II and refresher courses in PA, UT, MP, ra-
diation safety, radiography, visual, etc. Test NDT, LLC; (714)
255-1500; www.testndt.com.
Online Education Courses. Topics include Introduction to
Die Casting ($99), Metal Melting and Handling ($99), Prod-
uct Design ($59), Energy Training ($19), Dross Training
($19), Managing Dust Hazards ($19), Safety (free). North
American Die Casting Assn.; (847) 808-3161; www.diecast-
ing.org/education/online. WJ
OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 169
CERTIFICATION SCHEDULE Certification Seminars, Code Clinics, and Examinations

Certified Welding Inspector (CWI) Certified Welding Educator (CWE)

Seminar and exam are given at all sites listed under Certified
Location Seminar Dates Exam Date Welding Inspector. Seminar attendees will not attend the
Miami, FL Exam only Oct. 16 Code Clinic portion of the seminar (usually the first two
Beaumont, TX Oct. 12–17 Oct. 18 days).
South Plainfield, NJ Oct. 12–17 Oct. 18
Portland, OR Oct. 12–17 Oct. 18 Certified Welding Sales Representative (CWSR)
Atlanta, GA Oct. 19–24 Oct. 25 CWSR exams will be given at CWI exam sites.
Des Moines, IA Oct. 19–24 Oct. 25
Detroit, MI Oct. 19–24 Oct. 25
Roanoke, VA Oct. 19–24 Oct. 25 Certified Welding Supervisor (CWS)
Location Seminar Dates Exam Date
Shreveport, LA Oct. 19–24 Oct. 25
Norfolk, VA Oct. 13–17 Oct. 18
Cleveland, OH Oct. 26–31 Nov. 1
CWS exams are also given at all CWI exam sites.
Spokane, WA Oct. 26–31 Nov. 1
Corpus Christi, TX Exam only Nov. 8
Atlanta, GA Exam only Nov. 13 9­Year Recertification Seminar for CWI/SCWI
Sacramento, CA Nov. 16–21 Nov. 22 For current CWIs and SCWIs needing to meet education re-
Miami, FL Nov. 16–21 Nov. 22 quirements without taking the exam. The exam can be tak-
Annapolis, MD Nov. 16–21 Nov. 22 en at any site listed under Certified Welding Inspector.
Dallas, TX Nov. 16–21 Nov. 22 Location Seminar Dates
Edmonton, AB, Canada Exam only Nov. 24 Dallas, TX Oct. 5–10
St. Louis, MO Exam only Dec. 6 New Orleans, LA Oct. 26–31
Los Angeles, CA Dec. 7–12 Dec. 13 Seattle, WA Nov. 16–21
Orlando, FL Dec. 7–12 Dec. 13 Miami, FL Dec. 7–12
Reno, NV Dec. 7–12 Dec. 13
Houston, TX Dec. 7–12 Dec. 13 Certified Radiographic Interpreter (CRI)
Miami, FL Exam only Dec. 18 The CRI certification can be a stand-alone credential or can
exempt you from your next 9-Year Recertification.
Location Seminar Dates Exam Date
Pittsburgh, PA Oct. 13–17 Oct. 18

Certified Robotic Arc Welding (CRAW)

Seminar dates (S:) are followed by the exam dates (E:)
S: Dec. 8–11, E: Dec. 12; at
$6450.

$6450.
ABB, Inc., Auburn Hills, MI; (248) 391–8421
S: Oct. 20–22, E: Oct. 23, 24; at
3&13*/54
3&13*/54 OTC Daihen, Inc., Tipp City, OH; (937) 667-0800

S: Oct. 20–22, E: Oct. 23; at

Lincoln Electric Co., Cleveland, OH; (216) 383-8542









S: Oct. 13–16, E: Oct. 17; at
Genesis-Systems Group, Davenport, IA; (563) 445-5688













S: Nov. 17–19, E: Nov. 20, 21; at
Wolf Robotics, Fort Collins, CO; (970) 225-7736











On request at MATC, Milwaukee, WI; (414) 297-6996 WJ












IMPORTANT: This schedule is subject to change without notice.
Please verify your event dates with the Certification Dept. to







confirm your course status before making travel plans. Applica­
tions are to be received at least six weeks prior to the
seminar/exam or exam. Applications received after that time
will be assessed a $250 Fast Track fee. Please verify application
deadline dates by visiting our website www.aws.org/certifica­
tion/docs/schedules.html. For information on AWS seminars
and certification programs, or to register online, visit
Call 866.879.9144 or
www.aws.org/certification or call (800/305) 443­9353, ext. 273,
sales@fosterprinting.com
for Certification; or ext. 455 for Seminars.

170 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014

For Info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index
See us at FABTECH booth C1644
WELDING WORKBOOK
DATA SHEET 351

Types of Weld Discontinuities: Inclusions

Inclusions are solid materials trapped in the weld metal
or at the interfaces of the weld metal. The foreign materials
that are often entrapped include tungsten, flux, oxide, and
slag. While inclusions may be encountered in welds
produced with most arc welding processes, they are most
common in the flux-shielded processes, such as shielded
metal arc welding (SMAW), flux cored arc welding (FCAW),
and submerged arc welding (SAW).
Table 1 shows common causes of inclusions and
suggested remedies.
Tungsten Inclusions
Tungsten inclusions are particles of the tungsten
electrode trapped in weld metal deposited with the gas tung-
sten arc or plasma arc welding processes. These inclusions
may be trapped in a weld if the tungsten electrode is dipped
into the molten weld metal, the tungsten electrode touches
the base metal, or if the welding current is too high and
causes the melting and transfer of tungsten droplets into
the molten weld metal.
These inclusions appear as light areas on radiographs be-
cause tungsten is denser than the surrounding metal and
absorbs larger amounts of X-rays or gamma radiation.
Almost all other weld discontinuities are indicated by dark
areas on radiographs.
Flux Inclusions
This type of inclusion results when flux becomes
entrapped in the weld prior to solidification. In FCAW, flux
inclusions may occur from the use of an improper electrode,
whereas in SAW, it may result from the use of the incorrect
welding current.
Flux inclusions may occur if pieces of the electrode break
off and become entrapped in the weld pool. They may also
occur in FCAW, SAW, or in gas metal arc welding (cored
wires only) if flux or alloying materials fail to melt and
become trapped in the weld.
Oxide Inclusions
These are surface oxides trapped in the weld, which may
result from the dissociation of the electrode coating. These
can become isolated inclusions in multipass welds. Since
they initially appear on the surface of weld beads, oxide in-
clusions are easily found and removed.
Slag Inclusions
Slag inclusions typically result from faulty welding tech-
niques, improper access to the joint for welding, or both. En-
trapped slag discontinuities typically occur only with the
flux shielded welding processes (SMAW, FCAW, SAW, and
electroslag welding). Entrapped slag is a reaction product of
the flux and the molten weld metal. As slag is less dense
than the weld metal, it normally floats to the surface.
During welding, slag is formed and may be forced below
the surface of the molten weld metal by the stirring action of
the arc. Slag may also flow ahead of the arc, and metal may
be deposited over it. The latter is especially true when multi-
pass welds are made without proper interpass cleaning.
A number of factors may prevent release of slag and
result in its entrapment in the weld metal. These factors in-
clude the following:
1) High-viscosity weld metal
2) Rapid solidification
3) Insufficient welding heat
4) Improper manipulation of the electrode
5) Undercut on previous passes.
The influence of slag inclusions on weld behavior is simi-
lar to that of porosity.
Slag inclusions often have “tails” that act as stress raisers.
Therefore, slag can influence the fatigue behavior of welds,
particularly when the weld reinforcement is removed and
the weld is not postweld heat treated. As with porosity, slag
at or very near to the weld surface influences fatigue behav-
ior to a greater extent than similarly constituted slag buried
within the weld metal. WJ

Table 1 — Inclusions — Common Causes and Remedies

Cause
Failure to remove slag
Entrapment of refractory oxides
Tungsten in the weld metal
Improper joint design
Oxide inclusions
Slag flooding ahead of the welding arc
Poor electrode manipulative technique
Entrapped pieces of electrode covering
Remedy
Clean the surface and the previous weld bead
Power wire brush the previous weld bead
Avoid contact between the electrode and the work; use a larger electrode
Increase groove angle of joint
Provide proper gas shielding
Reposition work to prevent loss of slag control or change electrode
manipulation technique
Change electrode or flux to improve slag control
Use undamaged electrodes

Excerpted from the Welding Handbook, 9th Edition, Vol. 1.

172 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014

For Info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index
See us at FABTECH booth C1616
Essen Welding & Cutting.
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For Info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index See us at FABTECH booth C3439
BY HOWARD WOODWARD — woodward@aws.org
SOCIETY NEWS
Welding Instructors Train in Miami

Shown at the Instructors Workshop are from left (front row) Dan Turner, Bradley Brandmeir, Josh Heuerman, Cornelio Ontiveros, Jacob
Thonne, AWS Director­at Large J. Jones, Kevin Rawlins, and Robert Lee; (back row) Buddy May, Kate Cosden, Travis Hill, Dave Viar, Wal­
ter Duke, AWS Director­at­Large Rick Polanin, Mark Lynch, Daniel Stopnick, Ed Norman, Jason Schmidt, Darin Owens, Josh Heibel, Davis
Rayborn, David Porter, Leamon Wilson, Benjamin Dunbar, and Tony Duris.

BY DANIEL STOPNICK
Twenty welding instructors at-
tended the Instructors Institute held
July 27–Aug. 1 at AWS World Head-
quarters in Miami, Fla.
Each year, the Society hosts this
seminar for welding educators to
hone their teaching skills. The inten-
sive, six-day program includes class-
room and lab sessions detailing suc-
cessful teaching methods, the SENSE
program, virtual welding technology,
and hands-on activities. Featured are
demonstrations of the latest equip-
ment from Victor, Miller, Reality-
works, ESAB, and Lincoln Electric
presented by representatives from
each company.
This year, the classroom presen-
ters included CWIs/CWEs Ed Norman
and AWS Director-at-Large Rick
Polanin; David Hernandez, director of
development and systems, AWS Edu-
cation Services Dept.; and J. Jones,
an AWS director-at-large and a dis-
trict manager with the Harris Prod-
ucts Group.
Jay Ginder presented for ESAB,
Steve Hidden and Nick Peterson for
Miller Electric, and Jason Schmidt for
Lincoln Electric.
Hernandez discussed science and
math education in welding programs,
Polanin presented insights on lesson
planning and learning preferences,
and Peterson, with Miller Electric,
spoke on advanced waveform gas
tungsten arc welding.
On Tuesday and Thursday, the in-
structors traveled to Florida Gas
Welding Supply in West Park, Fla.,
where they learned how to use the
latest welding equipment for practical
applications with hands-on instruc-
tion. The instructors then worked in
small groups to complete a practical
work project.
The Instructors Institute program
offers opportunities for the attendees
to share their educational styles and,
at the end of the long day, unwind
with entertaining activities in the
evenings.
DANIEL STOPNICK (dstopnick@aws.org)
is associate coordinator in the AWS
Education Department.

Notice of Annual Meeting of the American Welding Society

The Annual Meeting of the members of the American The regular business of the Society will be conducted,
Welding Society will be held Monday, Nov. 10, 2014, begin- including election of officers and nine members of the
ning at 9:00 AM at the Georgia World Congress Center in Board of Directors. Any business properly brought before
Atlanta, Ga. the membership will be considered.

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 175

SOCIETY NEWS
Ernest Levert Receives Prestigious IIW Award
Ernest D. Levert, AWS president
2002–2003, was presented the presti-
gious Arthur Smith Award July 13
during the opening ceremonies of the
International Institute of Welding
(IIW) Annual Assembly in Seoul,
South Korea.
“The Arthur Smith Award is con-
ferred annually upon an individual
who has provided dedicated service to
the IIW and enabled its objectives to
be considerably advanced. Recipients
are individuals who have contributed
to IIW activities for numerous years,
particularly in the work of the Com-
missions.”
Paul Woollin, research director at
TWI, presented the award to Levert,
who was also elected a member of the
IIW board.
Levert has served since 1996 as a
senior staff manufacturing engineer
at Lockheed Martin Missiles and Fire
Control Division in Dallas, Tex.,
where he earned its NOVA Outstand-
ing Leadership Award in 2006. He re-
ceived The Ohio State University’s
School of Engineering Outstanding Ernest D. Levert (right) receives the
Alumni Award in 2004, and his biog- engraved silver plate Arthur Smith
raphy was published by The History Award from Paul Woollin July 13
Makers in 2013. during the IIW Annual Assembly in
Seoul, South Korea.

Iowa Lt. Governor Visits Careers in Welding Trailer

During her visit to the the Iowa
State Fair held Aug. 7–17 in Des
Moines, Kim Reynolds, Iowa lieu-
tenant governor, tried her skills at
performing virtual arc welding while
touring the AWS-Lincoln Electric Co.
sponsored Careers in Welding trailer.
Reynolds toured the exhibits at the
invitation of Mary Andringa, presi-
dent and CEO of Vermeer Corp., who
took the photo, and AWS Vice Presi-
dent David Landon, who is manager
of welding engineering and mission
support at the company.

Kim Reynolds, Iowa lieutenant governor, seems to be enjoying her experience with
the virtual arc welding exhibit during her tour of the Careers in Welding trailer
at the Iowa State Fair.

Amendments to the Bylaws of the American Welding Society

The Members of the American Welding Society will con-
sider amendments to the Society’s Bylaws at the Annual
Meeting, to be held Monday, November 10, 2014, in At-
lanta, Ga.
These Amendments were approved by the Board of Di-
rectors on May 19, 2014, and are recommended for adop-
tion by the Members. The Bylaws require that the text of
any amendment be published in the Welding Journal and
mailed at least 30 days before the Members take action.
Members are encouraged to vote on the proposed
amendments, in person, at the aforementioned meeting,
or through the exercise of the proxy published in this issue
of Welding Journal on the page following these amend-
ments — page 179.
The present wording is indicated with proposed word-
ing in red boldface.

Article VII Committees of the Society
Section 2. Special Committee.
Only the Board of Directors or the Ex­
ecutive Committee may create Spe-
cial Committees. Such Committees
shall be created only for a special lim-
ited purpose, and their term of exis-
tence shall be fixed by the Board of
Directors. Those Special Committees
created by the Executive Committee
shall have their term of existence
fixed by the Board of Directors at its
next meeting. The President shall ap-
point the officers and the members of
Special Committees which may in-
clude any person, whether or not a
member of the Society, with the ap-
proval of the Board of Directors, but
only Society members shall have vot-
ing rights.

176 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014

 AWS MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION
4 Easy Ways to Join or Renew:
Mail: Form with your payment, to AWS Call: Membership Department at (800) 443-9353, ext. 480 8669 NW 36 St, # 130
Miami, FL 33166-6672
Fax: Completed form to (305) 443-5647 Online: www.aws.org/membership Telephone (800) 443-9353
FAX (305) 443-5647
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q AWS INDIVIDUAL MEMBERSHIP (One Year)..................................................................................................$84 10 q Architect designer
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q AWS INDIVIDUAL MEMBERSHIP (Two Years) SAVE $25 New Members Only....................................$143 13 q Research & development
22 q Quality control
q New Member Initiation Fee ...........................................................................................................................................$12
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14 q Technician
A.) OPTIONAL Book Selection (Choose from 25 titles; up to a $192 value; includes shipping & handling) 09 q Welder, welding or cutting operator
q Individual Members in the U.S..................................................................................................................................$35 11 q Consultant
15 q Educator
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ONLY ONE SELECTION PLEASE. For more book choices visit www.aws.org/membership 16 q Student
q Jefferson’s Welding Encyclopedia (CD-ROM only) q Design & Planning Manual for Cost-Effective Welding q Welding Metallurgy 18 q Customer Service
19 q Other
Welding Handbook Selections: q WH (9th Ed., Vol. 4) q WH (9th Ed., Vol. 3) q WH (9th Ed., Vol. 2) q WH (9th Ed., Vol. 1)
Pocket Handbook Selections: q PHB-1 (Arc Welding Steel) q PHB-2 (Visual Inspection) q PHB-4 (GMAW / FCAW) Technical Interests (Check all that apply)
A q Ferrous metals
B.) OPTIONAL Welding Journal Hard Copy (for Members outside North America) B q Aluminum
q Individual Members outside North America (note: digital delivery of WJ is standard)..............................................$50 C q Nonferrous metals except aluminum
D q Advanced materials/Intermetallics
INDIVIDUAL MEMBERSHIP TOTAL PAYMENT..................................................................................$_____________ E q Ceramics
NOTE: Dues include $18.70 for Welding Journal subscription and $4.00 for the AWS Foundation. F q High energy beam processes
G q Arc welding
STUDENT MEMBERSHIP H q Brazing and soldering
I q Resistance welding
è Please check each box that applies to the Membership or service you’d like, and then add the cost together to get your Total Payment. J q Thermal spray
q AWS STUDENT MEMBERSHIP (One Year)...................................................................................................................$15 K q Cutting
L q NDT
q OPTIONAL Welding Journal Hard Copy (Only available to students in the U.S., Canada and Mexico)...........................$20
M q Safety and health
Note: Hard copy option applies to students in U.S., Canada and Mexico. Digital delivery of magazine is standard benefit for all student members.
N q Bending and shearing
STUDENT MEMBERSHIP TOTAL PAYMENT......................................................................................$_____________ O q Roll forming
P q Stamping and punching
PAYMENT INFORMATION Q q Aerospace
R q Automotive
Payment can be made (in U.S. dollars) by check or money order (international or foreign), payable to the American Welding Society, or by charge card. S q Machinery
q Check q Money Order q AMEX q Diners Club q MasterCard q Visa q Discover q Other T q Marine
U q Piping and tubing
CC#:____________ / ____________ / ____________ / ____________ Expiration Date (mm/yy) ________ / ________ V q Pressure vessels and tanks
W q Sheet metal
X q Structures
Signature of Applicant:_________________________________________ Application Date:_______________________
Y q Other
Z q Automation
OFFICE USE ONLY Check #:_______________________________ Account #____________________________________ 1 q Robotics
Source Code: WJ Date:_________________________________ Amount:_____________________________________ 2 q Computerization of Welding
REV. 11/13
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Attn: Ray W. Shook

8669 NW 36 St., # 130
Miami, FL 33166

TECH TOPICS
New Standards Project
Development work has begun on
the following revised standard. Affect-
ed individuals are invited to contribute
to its development. Participation on
AWS Technical Committees is open to
all persons.
D3.6M:201X, Underwater Welding
Code. This Code covers the require-
ments for welding structures or com-
ponents underwater in both dry and
wet environments. Stakeholders:
Those involved in welding underwater
structures, pipelines, marine vessels,
and the nuclear industry. B. McGrath,
ext. 311, bmcgrath@aws.org.
Four Standards for
Public Review
B5.1:2013­AMD1, Specification for
the Qualification of Welding Inspectors.
$26. 10/6/14. S. Hedrick, ext. 305,
steveh@aws.org.
B5.2:201X, Specification for the
Training, Qualification, and Company
Certification of Welding Inspector Spe-
cialists and Welding Inspector Assistants.
$26. 10/6/14. S. Hedrick, ext. 305,
steveh@aws.org.
D1.9/D1.9M:201X, Structural Weld-
ing Code — Titanium. $58. 9/22/14. B.
McGrath, ext. 311, bmcgrath@aws.org.
D18.3/D18.3M­201X, Specification
for Welding of Tanks, Vessels, and Other
Equipment in Sanitary (Hygienic) Appli-
cations. $28. 9/22/14. C. Lewis, ext.
306, clewis@aws.org.
AWS was approved as an accredited
standards-preparing organization by
the American National Standards In-
stitute (ANSI) in 1979. AWS rules, as
approved by ANSI, require that all
standards be open to public review for
comment during the approval process.
The above four revised standards were
submitted for public review with the
review expiration dates shown. A draft
copy may be obtained from the staff
contact listed.
Technical Committee Meetings
Oct. 7. D10P Subcommittee on Lo-
cal Heat Treating of Pipework. Miami,
Fla. B. McGrath, ext. 311,
bmcgrath@aws.org.
Oct. 8, 9. A2 Committee and Sub-
SOCIETY NEWS
committees on Definitions and Sym-
bols. Columbus, Ohio. S. Borrero, ext.
334, sborrero@aws.org.
Oct. 10. D10 Committee on Piping
and Tubing. Miami, Fla. B. McGrath,
ext. 311, bmcgrath@aws.org.
Oct. 20, 21. D16 Committee on Ro-
botic and Automatic Welding. Miami,
Fla. C. Lewis, ext. 306, clewis@aws.org.
Oct. 21–24. D1 Committee and
Subcommittees on Structural Welding.
Jackson, Wyo. B. McGrath, ext. 311,
bmcgrath@aws.org.
Oct. 23, 24. C4 Committee on Oxy-
fuel Gas Welding and Cutting. Clear-
water, Fla. C. Lewis, ext. 306,
clewis@aws.org.
Oct. 29. SH1 Subcommittee on
Fumes and Gases. Columbus, Ohio. S.
Hedrick, ext. 305, steveh@aws.org.
Nov. 5. B2F Subcommittee on Plas-
tic Welding Qualifications. Tulsa,
Okla. S. Hedrick, ext. 305,
steveh@aws.org.
Nov. 5. G1A Subcommittee on Hot
Gas Welding and Extrusion Welding.
Tulsa, Okla. S. Hedrick, ext. 305,
steveh@aws.org.
The following meetings will be held
during FABTECH in Atlanta, Ga.
Nov. 10. B1 Committee on Methods
of Inspection. E. Abrams, ext. 307,
eabrams@aws.org.
Nov. 10. B1A Subcommittee on
Nondestructive Examination of Welds.
E. Abrams, ext. 307, eabrams@aws.org.
Nov. 10. C2 Committee on Thermal
Spraying. J. Rosario, ext. 308,
jrosario@aws.org.
Nov. 10. C2F Subcommittee on
Thermal Spray Operator Qualification.
J. Rosario, ext. 308, jrosario@aws.org.
Nov. 10. C2G Subcommittee on
Thermal Spray Equipment. J. Rosario,
ext. 308, jrosario@aws.org.
Nov. 10. C2J Subcommittee on
Feedstock for Thermal Spray. J.
Rosario, ext. 308, jrosario@aws.org.
Nov. 10. C6D Subcommittee on
Friction Stir Welding. C. Lewis, ext.
306, clewis@aws.org.
Nov. 10. C7 Committee on High En-
ergy Beam Welding and Cutting. C.
Lewis, ext. 306, clewis@aws.org.
Nov. 10. C7B Subcommittee on
Electron Beam Welding and Cutting.
C. Lewis, ext. 306, clewis@aws.org.
Nov. 10. C7C Subcommittee on
Laser Beam Welding and Cutting. C.
Lewis, ext. 306, clewis@aws.org.
Nov. 10. C7D Subcommittee on Hy-
brid Welding. C. Lewis, ext. 306,
clewis@aws.org.
Nov. 11. D9 Committee on the
Welding, Brazing, and Soldering of
Sheet Metal. J. Molin, ext. 304,
jmolin@aws.org.
Nov. 11. D15C Subcommittee on
Track Welding. J. Rosario, ext. 308,
jrosario@aws.org.
Nov. 11. D17D Subcommittee on
Resistance Welding. J. Molin, ext. 304,
jmolin@aws.org.
Nov. 11. D17J Subcommittee on
Friction Stir Welding for Aerospace. J.
Molin, ext. 304, jmolin@aws.org.
Nov. 11. D20 Committee on Addi-
tive Manufacturing. A. Alonso, ext.
299, aalonso@aws.org.
Nov. 12. A5K Subcommittee on Ti-
tanium and Zirconium Filler Metals. J.
Molin, ext. 304, jmolin@aws.org.
Nov. 12. D14C Subcommittee on
Earthmoving and Construction Equip-
ment. E. Abrams, ext. 307,
eabrams@aws.org.
Nov. 12. D14E Subcommittee on
Welding of Presses and Industrial and
Mill Cranes. E. Abrams, ext. 307,
eabrams@aws.org.
Nov. 12. D16 Committee on Robot-
ic and Automatic Welding. C. Lewis,
ext. 306, clewis@aws.org.
Nov. 12. D17K Subcommittee on
Fusion Welding. J. Molin, ext. 304,
jmolin@aws.org.
Nov. 12. G2D Subcommittee on Re-
active Alloys. J. Molin, ext. 304,
jmolin@aws.org.
Nov. 13. C6D Subcommittee on
Friction Stir Welding. C. Lewis, ext.
306, clewis@aws.org.
Nov. 13. D14 Committee on Ma-
chinery and Equipment. E. Abrams,
ext. 307, eabrams@aws.org.
Nov. 13. D14I Subcommittee on
Hydraulic Cylinders. E. Abrams, ext.
307, eabrams@aws.org.
Nov. 13. D17 Committee on Weld-
ing in the Aircraft and Aerospace In-
dustries. J. Molin, ext. 304,
jmolin@aws.org.
Nov. 13. D17K Subcommittee on
Fusion Welding. J. Molin, ext. 304,
jmolin@aws.org.
OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 181
SOCIETY NEWS
Opportunities to Serve on
Technical Committees
www.aws.org/technical/jointechcomm
The following committees have
openings for new members.
Joining of plastics and composites.
G1 Committee seeks members. S.
Hedrick, ext. 305, steveh@aws.org.
Methods of weld inspection. The B1
Committee seeks educators, general in-
terest, and end users. E. Abrams, ext.
307, eabrams@aws.org.
Safety and Health Committee seeks
educators, end users, general interest,
and consultants. S. Hedrick, ext. 305,
steveh@aws.org.
Oxyfuel gas welding and cutting. C4
Committee seeks members. C. Lewis,
ext. 306, clewis@aws.org.
Friction welding. C6 Committee
seeks professionals. C. Lewis, ext. 306,
clewis@aws.org.
High­energy beam welding and cut­
ting. C7 Committee seeks professionals.
C. Lewis, ext. 306, clewis@aws.org.
Magnesium alloy filler metals. A5L
Subcommittee seeks professionals. R.
Gupta, ext. 301, gupta@aws.org.
Robotic and automatic welding. D16
Committee seeks general interest and
educational members. C. Lewis, ext.
306, clewis@aws.org.
Local heat treating of pipe. D10P
Name Your Candidates for These Welding­Related Awards
The deadline for nominating candidates for the following awards is December 31 prior to the year of the awards’ presen-
tations. E-mail Wendy Sue Reeve at wreeve@aws.org or call (800/305) 443-9353, ext. 293.
William Irrgang Memorial Award
includes a $2500 honorarium to rec-
ognize the individual who has done
the most over the past five years to
advance the science and technology
of welding.
National Meritorious Award in-
cludes a $2500 honorarium to recog-
nize an individual’s loyalty, good
counsel, dedication to AWS affairs,
AWS Life Members Offered Free Registration for Professional Program
AWS Life Members are offered free
admission to the FABTECH show
scheduled for Nov. 11–13, 2014, at
the Georgia World Congress Center in
Atlanta, plus free registration for the
Professional Program, enabling them
to attend any of the technical ses-
sions presented during the three-day
182 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014
Subcommittee seeks professionals. B.
McGrath, ext. 311, bmcgrath@aws.org.
Mechanical testing of welds. B4
Committee seeks professionals. S.
Hedrick, ext. 305, steveh@aws.org.
Reactive alloys. G2D Subcommittee
seeks volunteers. J. Molin, ext. 304,
jmolin@aws.org.
Titanium and zirconium filler metals.
A5K Subcommittee seeks professionals.
J. Molin, ext. 304, jmolin@aws.org.
Welding qualifications. B2B Subcom-
mittee seeks members. J. Rosario, ext.
308, jrosario@aws.org.
Resistance welding equipment. J1
Committee seeks educators, general in-
terest, and end users. E. Abrams, ext.
307, eabrams@aws.org.
Thermal spraying. The C2 Commit-
tee seeks educators, general interest,
and end users. J. Rosario, ext. 308,
jrosario@aws.org.
Automotive. The D8 Committee
seeks members. E. Abrams, ext. 307,
eabrams@aws.org.
Machinery and equipment and sur­
facing and reconditioning of industrial
mill rolls. D14 Committee and D14H
Subcommittee seeks members. E.
Abrams, ext. 307, eabrams@aws.org.
Hybrid welding. The C7D Subcom-
mittee seeks volunteers. C. Lewis, ext.
306, clewis@aws.org.
and promotion of cordial relations
with industry and other technical
organizations.
George E. Willis Award is given to
an individual who has promoted the
advancement of welding internation-
ally by fostering cooperative partici-
pation in technology transfer, stan-
dards rationalization, and promotion
of industrial goodwill for the Society.
period — a $325 value.
The Registration Form is available
in the Welding Journal and the Ad-
vance Program., or call (800/305)
443-9353, ext. 260, to have the form
mailed to you.
To obtain your free registration,
mark “AWS Life Member — Free Reg-
Diffusion Bonding Experts
Sought for ISO Standard
The U.S. TAG (Technical Advisory
Group) that serves as the United States
National Committee to ISO/TC 44/SC
10, Unification of Requirements in the
Field of Metal Welding, seeks United
States experts to serve on a newly creat-
ed subgroup dealing with the topic of
micro melting diffusion bonding. The
group is working on a new ISO standard
concerning micro joining of second-gen-
eration high-temperature superconduc-
tors. For complete information, contact
A. Davis, ext. 466, adavis@aws.org.
Nominate Your Candidate for
MIT Masubuchi Award
This award, with a $5000 honorari-
um, is presented to one person, 40 or
younger, who has made significant con-
tributions to materials joining through
research and development. Send your
candidate’s credentials and three or
more letters of recommendation from
other researchers to Prof. Todd Palmer,
tap103@psu.edu.
International Meritorious Certificate
Award recognizes, in the broadest
terms, the recipients’ significant con-
tributions and service to activities in
the international welding community.
Honorary Membership Award rec-
ognizes an individual who has eminence
in the welding profession or has made
outstanding developments in the field
of welding arts.
istration” at the top of your Registra-
tion Form. Fax both sides of the form
to (305) 443-5647, Attn: Rhenda
Kenny, membership director; e-mail
to rhenda@aws.org; or mail the form
to Rhenda Kenny, AWS Membership
Dept., 8669 NW 36th St., Ste. # 130,
Miami, FL 33166.

MEMBERSHIP ACTIVITIES — District and Section Awards Presented in 2014
District No. — Awardee — Section
Section Meritorious Award
1 Tim Kinnaman, Central Mass./R.I.
2 Kenneth Stockton, New Jersey
2 Lawrence Abernethy, New Jersey
2 August Manz, New Jersey
2 Steven Dagnall, New Jersey
2 Ray O’Leary, Long Island
2 Marinee Temme, Philadelphia
2 Ken Temme, Philadelphia
3 Dave Watson, Lancaster
4 Bill Rhodes, SW Virginia
4 David Cash, SW Virginia
4 Samuel Glass, Carolina
4 David Schaffer, Carolina
4 Hardik Suthar, Charlotte
4 Jay Manning, Triangle
4 Scott MacIntyre, Triangle
4 Carl Harris, Triangle
7 Bryan Lyons, Columbus
8 Larry Morrison, Chattanooga
8 Chattanooga State C.C.
8 James Hales, Chattanooga
8 Delbert Butler, Chattanooga
8 Jack Braley, Chattanooga
8 Jim Kirby, Nashville
8 Greg Ralphs, Nashville
8 Eddy Teem, Nashville
8 Marty Bishop, Greater Huntsville
8 Lane Bell, NE Mississippi
9 Aldo Duron, New Orleans
9 Rose Moore, New Orleans
9 Marcie Jacquet, Acadiana
9 Doug Watkins, Acadiana
9 Joey Rentrop, Morgan City
9 Chris Pollock, Morgan City
9 William Lamperez, Baton Rouge
9 Johnny Dupuy, Baton Rouge
9 Gerald Bickerstaff, Central Louisiana
9 Don Sanders, Central Louisiana
9 Brenda Amos, Mobile
9 Ben Catchot, Mobile
9 Steven Moore, Auburn-Opelika
9 Clyde Wikle, Auburn-Opelika
10 Carl Ford, Mahoning Valley
10 Donna Bastian, NW Pennsylvania
10 Bob Fugate, Drake Well
10 Regis Holland, Cleveland
14 Andrew Swyers, St. Louis
14 Vic Shorkey, St. Louis
14 Regan McGee, Lexington
14 Brandon McBrayer, Lexington
14 Chip Elliott, Lexington
14 Kyle Hutcheson, Indiana
14 Tony Brosio, Indiana
14 David Jackson, Indiana
14 Jason Trosen, Indiana
16 Gary Siepert, Kansas
16 Charles Burg, Iowa
SOCIETY NEWS
17 Barry Lawrence, Tulsa
17 John Trotter, Oklahoma City
17 Angela Harrison, Central Arkansas
17 Bryan Walker, Ozarks
17 Johnny Harvill, East Texas
18 James Hansford, Houston
18 Douglas Buras, Houston
18 Gary Holbrook, Houston
18 Daniel Brotsch, Houston
18 George Baldree, Houston
18 Alfredo Pena, Houston
18 Johnny Moreno, San Antonio
18 James Stuckey, Sabine
18 Billy Musgrave, Lake Charles
20 Ryan Jimmerson, Wyoming
20 Jason Hart, Utah
20 Merlin Herbert, New Mexico
20 Craig Rich, New Mexico
20 Herb Smith, New Mexico
20 Brent Christner, New Mexico
20 James Scott, New Mexico
20 Eric Drobney, Colorado
20 William Maroney, Colorado
20 Robert Page, Colorado
20 Jim Van Covhern, Colorado
20 Galen Altman, Colorado
22 John Jones, Sacramento Valley
22 Tom Smeltzer, San Francisco
District Meritorious Award
1 Tom Kinnaman, Central Mass./R.I.
2 Tom Gartland, Long Island
2 Vincent Murray, New Jersey
3 Mike Sebergandio, Lancaster
3 Joe Young, Reading
4 Bobby Perkins, Tidewater
4 Bob Fitch, SW Virginia
5 Gale Mole, South Carolina
5 Odell Haselden, South Carolina
6 Bob Davis, Syracuse
6 David Parker, Northern New York
7 William Krupa, Johnstown/Altoona
7 John Lawmon, Columbus
8 Jerry Mortecai, NE Mississippi
8 Jim King, NE Tennessee
9 Tim Vargas, Mobile
10 Harry Sadler, Cleveland
11 Tom Sparschu, Detroit
12 Dave Diljak, Madison-Beloit
12 Dan Crifase, Racine-Kenosha
13 Jess Hunter, Peoria
14 Gordon Holl, Lexington
14 Richard Alley, Indiana
14 Mike Kamp, St. Louis
16 Charles Burg, Iowa
17 Ray Wilsdorf, Tulsa
18 Steve Burke, Corpus Christi
18 Justin Kirby, Houston
18 Matt Richard, Corpus Christi
18 Ronnie Mercer, Houston
19 Arthur Schnitzer, Puget Sound
20 Patrick Bauman, New Mexico
20 Dave Traverso, Wyoming
21 George Moreno, L.A./Inland Empire
22 Brad Gasaway, Sacramento Valley
22 Will Childress, Sacramento Valley
Section Educator Award
1 Brendon Pequita, Central Mass./R.I
4 Donald Ellington, Carolina
4 Ric Rosenberger, Tidewater
4 Glen Muhle, Tidewater
4 Josh Hall, Triangle
4 Scott MacIntyre, Triangle
4 Samantha Vick, Triangle
4 Daniel Peck, Charlotte
4 Mike Bryant, SW Virginia
4 Troy Linkenhoker, SW Virginia
6 Kevin Auyer, Syracuse
6 Kate Cosden, Rochester
9 William Wilson, New Orleans
9 Arthur Savoy, Acadiana
9 Tommy Smith, Acadiana
9 John Easley, Baton Rouge
9 Craig Danzy, Central Louisiana
9 Steven Moore, Auburn-Opelika
9 Joseph James, Auburn-Opelika
10 Matthew Sargent, Mahoning Valley
10 Rich Powers, NW Pennsylvania
10 Mark Schreiber, Cleveland
10 Travis Crate, Drake Well
14 Jerry Burke, Louisville
14 Kevin Corgan, St. Louis
14 Eric Cooper, Indiana
14 Rick Ferguson, Indiana
14 Erin Fromson, Indiana
16 Jeff Mitchell, Eastern Iowa
20 Troy Miller,Wyoming
20 Elliott Hudspeth, Utah
20 Joe Sanchez, New Mexico
20 Jeremy Fielder, New Mexico
20 Jesse Holden, New Mexico
20 Joshua Heuerman, Colorado
20 Ryan Thomas, Colorado
21 George Moreno, L.A./Inland Empire
22 Trevor Robinson, Sacramento Valley
22 James Lee, Sacramento Valley
District Educator
1 Brendon Pequita, Central Mass./R.I.
2 Herbert Browne, New Jersey
3 Elisa Ramsey, Cumberland Valley
3 Sharon Bally, Reading
4 Walter Duke, Tidewater
4 Jamie Huffman, SW Virginia
5 Ron Vann, South Carolina
6 Richard Belair, Rochester
7 Charles Ford, Dayton
OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 183
SOCIETY NEWS
8 Jeff Hankins, NE Tennessee
8 Chris Renfro, Chattanooga
9 Justin Kolb, Mobile
9 Jimmy Goodson, New Orleans
10 Brenda Hadden, NW Pennsylvania
10 Steve Socher, NW Pennsylvania
13 W. Richard Polanin, Peoria
14 Robert Richwine, Indiana
16 Jeff Mitchell, Eastern Iowa
17 Ralph Johnson, Tulsa
17 Charles Griffin, Tulsa
17 Rodney Riggs, Tulsa
18 Cornelio Ontiveros, San Antonio
18 Drew Fontenot, Lake Charles
20 Alvin Allen, New Mexico
20 Jeff Klein, Colorado
22 Randy Emery, Fresno
22 Jay Davis, Sacramento Valley
Section CWI of the Year
2 Howard Miller, Philadelphia
2 John McDuell, Philadelphia
4 Carl Harris, Triangle
4 Jimmy Long, Triangle
4 Robert Long, Triangle
4 Mark Gilbert, SW Virginia
5 Gregg Hoffman, N. Central Florida
6 Bob Barber, Northern New York
6 Bob Campbell, Syracuse
7 Michael Hamon, Tri-State
8 Daniel Conner, NE Tennessee
8 Michael Morris, Nashville
8 Franklin Woodruff, NE Mississippi
8 Garth Land, Chattanooga
8 Jim Higdon, Greater Huntsville
8 Larry Craig, Chattanooga
9 Aubrey Baudean, New Orleans
9 Terrance Taylor, Mobile
9 Barry Bernard, Acadiana
9 Perry Terriot, Baton Rouge
9 Dale Delaville, New Orleans
9 Willie Rollins, Morgan City
10 Jeff Andrews, Mahoning Valley
10 John Stempka, NW Pennsylvania
10 Richard Harris, Cleveland
10 John Fedents, NW Pennsylvania
14 James Cashdollar, St. Louis
14 Steve Stutz, St. Louis
14 Walter Krahl, St. Louis
14 Barry Jackson, Lexington
14 Peter Anderson, Louisville
14 Adrian Morrical, Louisville
14 Jeff Elliott, Mississippi Valley
14 Nathan Lansing, Mississippi Valley
14 Josiah Miller, Indiana
14 Jason Trosen, Indiana
15 Mike Carey, Northwest
16 Steve Redig, Iowa
17 Richard Howard, Tulsa
17 Ray Wilsdorf, Tulsa
17 Jerry Bonebrake, East Texas
17 Wesley Manley, Oklahoma City
17 Jimmy Brewer, Central Arkansas
184 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014
18 Michael Martinez, San Antonio
18 Chris Long, Corpus Christi
18 Mike Stuckey, Sabine
18 Chris Pickett, Lake Charles
20 David Urban, Colorado
20 Eric Warren, Colorado
20 Virgil Simoens, Colorado
20 John Shulte, Colorado
20 Chad Spritzer, Colorado
20 Craig Rich, New Mexico
20 Dick Bingham, New Mexico
20 Chris Smith, New Mexico
20 Silverio Sotelo, Utah
20 Jared Mortensen, Utah
20 Kirk Webb, Idaho/Montana
20 Russell Rux, Wyoming
22 Jack Fife, Sacramento Valley
22 Brad Bosworth, Fresno
District CWI of the Year
2 Mike Chomin, New Jersey
2 Joseph Decker, New Jersey
4 Jason Shotwell, NE Carolina
4 Chris Holloman, NE Carolina
4 Paul Miller, Tidewater
4 Sergey Kobelev, Carolina
4 Jay Manning, Triangle
4 David Kincaid, SW Virginia
4 David Owens, SW Virginia
5 Gale Mole, South Carolina
5 Don Whitman, South Carolina
5 Kevin Rawlins, Columbia
5 James Scott, South Florida
5 David Ennis, Atlanta
6 Bill Davis, Syracuse
6 Richard Belair, Rochester
8 Gary Gammill, NE Mississippi
8 Jason West, Chattanooga
9 Cleveland Rhodes Jr., Mobile
9 Donald Berger, New Orleans
9 Robert Bennefield, New Orleans
10 Richard Harris, Cleveland
10 Ernie Benway, Cleveland
12 Karen Gilgenbach, Milwaukee
13 Jesse Hunter, Peoria
14 Bennie Flynn, Indiana
14 Vince Suria, St. Louis
16 Steve Redig, Iowa
17 Ralph Johnson, Tulsa
18 Scott Witkowski, Houston
18 Bill Vincent, Lake Charles
20 Bill Johnson, Wyoming
20 Wade Lutz, Colorado
22 Bill Wenzel, Sacramento Valley
22 Kent Baucher, Fresno
Section Private Sector Instructor
4 Dave Finke, Tidewater
4 Jenord Alston, Tidewater
4 Christopher Moody, Tidewater
4 Ryan Foster, Tidewater
4 Wayne Johnson, SW Virginia
4 David Owens, SW Virginia
4 Steve Martin, SW Virginia
4 Bryan Shirley, NE Carolina
10 John Monroe, Mahoning Valley
10 Ben Tressler, NW Pennsylvania
10 Mike Wyland, Cleveland
14 John Biama, St. Louis
14 James Schuette, St. Louis
14 Danny Roberts, Lexington
14 Gary Dugger, Indiana
14 David Leapley, Indiana
16 Eric Cox, Iowa
17 Jim Goetz, Ozark
18 Morris Weeks, Sabine
18 Barry Burant, Houston
18 Horace Keith Hyatt, Lake Charles
18 Sonny Vela, San Antonio
18 Robert Quinones, San Antonio
20 Robert Udy, Utah
20 Justin Forni, New Mexico
20 Carl Montoya, New Mexico
20 Leland Shannon, Colorado
20 Russ Cunduff, Colorado
22 Dave Zubia, Sacramento Valley
District Private Sector Instructor
4 Craig Lane, NE Carolina
4 Nathan Minnix, SW Virginia
5 Gilly Burrion, South Florida
5 Greg Hofmann, N. Central Florida
8 Sam Davis, Chattanooga
8 William Johnson, Chattanooga
9 Aaron Castronova, Mobile
10 Carl Hoes, Cleveland
10 Joe Kolasa, Cleveland
14 Jim Hunt, St. Louis
14 Robert Richwine, Indiana
16 Eric Cox, Iowa
18 J. W. Ralls, Corpus Christi
18 Andre Horn, Houston
20 Michael Heaton, Colorado
20 Nick Hefner, Wyoming
22 Carlos Shelton, Sacramento Valley
Dist. Director Awardees Named
Ken Johnson, Dist. 19 director, has
nominated the following for the Dis-
trict Director Award: Jay Dwight, own-
er, Dwight Co., Inc.; Jeff Owen, busi-
ness manager, Local UA 32; Marty Yel-
lam, Shipyards and Municipalities
Agent, Local UA 32; Frank Foti, presi-
dent and owner, Vigor Industrial; Sue
Haley, SVP Human Resources, Vigor In-
dustrial; Wendy Price, dean of work-
force education, South Seattle College;
and Gary Oerti, president, South Seat-
tle College.
The District Director Award recog-
nizes individuals who have contributed
their time and effort to the affairs of
their local AWS Section and/or District.

New AWS Supporters
Sustaining Companies
California Training Facility
Hwy. 101 N., Soledad, CA 93960
Representative: Michael Valdez
Ironwood State Prison
19005 Wiley's Well Rd.
Blythe, CA 92226
Representative: Michael Valdez
Pensacola State College
Century Center
440 E. Hecker Rd., Century, FL 32535
Representative: Rafael Deliz
www.pensacolastate.edu
Twin Peaks, Inc.
37–39 30th St.
Long Island City, NY 11101
Representative: Fereshteh Hajihassani
www.twinpeakstesting.com
Supporting Companies
Alliance Laundry Systems
221 Shepard St., Ripon, WI 54971
D&L Weld, Inc.
301 Wilson St.
Martinsburg, WV 25401
Specialty Fab, Inc.
11950 South Ave.
North Lima, OH 44452
Source Company for Training and
Development (SCTD)
Al-Jadrya St. Lead to Baghdad
University, Baghdad 00964, Iraq
Affiliate Companies
Advanced Steel and Crane, Inc.
6420 S. 39 West Ave., Tulsa, OK 74132
MGM Campaign Update
Listed are the Aug. 21 point standings
for the members participating in the Mem-
ber-Get-A-Member campaign that runs
from Jan. 1–Dec. 31, 2014.
Participants receive 5 points for each
Individual and 1 point for every Student
Member recruited. See page 177 for cam-
paign rules and a prize list. For questions
about your point status, call the Member-
ship Dept. (800/305) 443-9353, ext. 480.
SOCIETY NEWS
Air Services
17520 Engle Lake Dr., A–D, F
Middleburg Heights, OH 44130
Acro Industries
554 Colfax St., Rochester, NY 14606
Brewer Welding & Fabrication, Inc.
7301 Delta Ln., Charlotte, NC 28215
HB McClure Co.
600 S. 17th St., Harrisburg, PA 17104
Int’l Corp. of Safety in Drilling
Republica del Salvador y Shyris Edif
Dygoil of C 4C, Quito 170150
Ecuador
J R Custom Metal Products
2237 S. West St. Ct.
Wichita, KS 67213
Manndyco Welding Solution
1215 Lonnie Raker Ln.
Crawfordville, FL 32327
Phase II
21 Industrial Ave.
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Precision Industrial Contractors
10275 E. 106th Ave., Brighton, CO
80601
Precision Steel Mfg. Corp.
1723 Seibel Dr., Roanoke, VA 24012
S­Con, Inc.
8326 W. Hwy. 21, Bryan, TX 77807
Safe Harbor Access System
211 N. Koppers Rd.
Florence, SC 29506
J. Morris, Mobile — 230
M. Pelegrino, Chicago — 40
R. Barber, East Texas — 30
A. Stute, Madison-Beloit — 28
D. Ebenhoe, Kern — 25
D. Mandina, New Orlean — 25
J. Mckenzie, Detroit — 25
E. Ramsey, Cumberland Valley — 24
S. Miner, San Francisco — 22
J. Foley, Pittsburgh — 21
C. Bridwell, Ozark — 20
D. Galiher, Detroit — 19
D. Lynnes, Northern Plains — 19
R. Munns, Utah — 19
SECTION
State of the Arc Welding
and Fabricating
72 S. Broad St., Bangor, PA 18013
TSG North America LLC
608 Cypress Ave., Venice, FL 34285
Willerding Acquisition Co.
1270 W. Terra Ln.
O’Fallon, MO 63366
Educational Institutions
Butler County ATC
178 Academic Way, Ste. 400
Morgantown, KY 42261
River Parishes Community College
9695 Airline Hwy.
Sorrento, LA 70778
Shepherd High School, Shepherd ISD
1401 Byrd Ave., Shepherd, TX 77371
Streator Township High School
202 W. Lincoln Ave.
Streator, IL 61364
Wasatch High School
930 S. 500 E., Heber City, UT 84032
AWS Member Counts
September 1, 2014
Sustaining.................................591
Supporting................................351
Educational...............................692
Affiliate.....................................584
Welding Distributor ...................50
Total Corporate ......................2,268
Individual ............................59,993
Student + Transitional............10,003
Total Members ....................69,996
M. Haggard, Inland Empire — 19
J. Kline, Northern New York — 18
D. Saunders, Lakeshore — 18
G. Smith, Lehigh Valley — 17
A. Theriot, New Orleans — 17
R. Zabel, Southeast Nebraska — 17
R. Farquhar, Cleveland — 15
J. Tso, L.A./Inland Empire — 15
R. Eckstein, Northwest — 14
C. Lariche, Cleveland — 14
J. Russell, Fox Valley — 14
R. Polito, Spokane — 13
C. Wolfman, Sacramento — 12
C. Ortega, North Texas — 11
OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 185
SECTION
SOCIETY NEWS
District 1
Thomas Ferri, director
(508) 527-1884
thomas_ferri@victortechnologies.com

BOSTON
July 14
Activity: The AWS Image of Welding
Small Business Award for 2013 was
presented to Bay State Industrial
Welding and Fabrication, Hudson,
N.H., by Tom Ferri, Dist. 1 director.
Owner Rick McCartney and Bridget
McCartney, sales and marketing man- BOSTON — From left are Image of Welding Award winners Rick McCartney and Brid-
ager, received the award. The compa- get McCartney with Tom Ferri, Dist. 1 director.
ny donated its time and materials to
construct the Benson Park 9/11 Me-
morial, and teamed up with “Building
Dreams for Marines” to renovate
homes for local Marines who needed
modified accommodations after suf-
fering war-related injuries. The com-
pany also offers intern opportunities
to local welding students to stimulate
their interest in pursuing careers in
the field.

CENTRAL MASS./
RHODE ISLAND
July 21
Activity: The board members attend- CENTRAL MASS./RHODE ISLAND — From left are District 1 Director Tom Ferri, Vice
ed the grand opening of the Ship- Chair Tim Kinnaman, Al Caron, and Douglas Desrochers, Dist. 1 deputy director.
building/Marine Trades and Advanced
Manufacturing Institute (SAMI) held
at New England School of Technology
in Warwick, R.I. Section Vice Chair
District 2 District 5
Harland W. Thompson, director Carl Matricardi, director
Tim Kinnaman is welding training co- (631) 546-2903 (770) 356-2107
ordinator and lead instructor at the harland.w.thompson@us.ul.com cmatricardi@aol.com
Institute and a CWI. The SAMI pro-
gram is partnered with General Dy-
namics Electric Boat Division, Senesco District 3 District 6
Marine, Rhode Island Marine Trades Michael Wiswesser, director Kenneth Phy, director
Association, and other employers in (610) 820-9551 (315) 218-5297
the state to recruit and train workers mike@welderinstitute.com kenneth.phy@gmail.com
for jobs in these industries. Tom Ferri,
Dist. 1 director, presented Kinnaman District 4 District 7
the Section Meritorious Award. Stewart A. Harris, director Uwe Aschemeier, director
(919) 824-0520 (786) 473-9540
stewart.harris@altec.com uwe@miamidiver.com

NASHVILLE — Members are shown at the planning meeting in August.

186 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014

 SECTION
SOCIETY NEWS
District 8
D. Joshua Burgess, director
(931) 260-7039
djoshuaburgess@gmail.com

NASHVILLE
August 14
Activity: Section members met at
World Testing in Nashville, Tenn., to
plan activities for the coming year.
Chair David Porter discussed business
presented at the District 8 conference.
MAHONING VALLEY — Shown from left are Jim Rach, Tyler Goulding, Chair Chuck
Moore, and Carl Ford.
District 9
George Fairbanks Jr., director
(225) 473-6362
fits@bellsouth.net

District 10
Robert E. Brenner, director
(330) 484-3650
bobren28@yahoo.com

MAHONING VALLEY
August 1
Activity: The Section held its 39th an-
nual Jim Best Memorial golf tourna-
ment at Knoll Run Golf Course in
Lowellville, Ohio. Organizing the
event were Golf Committee Chair Carl
Ford and Jim Rach. Tom Lapikas
made a 160-yard hole in one on a par-
3 hole.
Golightly Vocational School Student Chapter — Student Chapter members are shown
at their chartering ceremony.
District 11
Robert P. Wilcox, director ley® Engineered Fastening facility in July 24
(734) 721-8272 Novi, Mich., where Kenyon presented Activity: The Detroit Section held its
rwilcox1@ford.com a lecture and demonstrations of the annual golf outing at Northville Hills
basics, design, and applications of the Golf Club. The event raised more
DETROIT drawn arc stud/nut welding process than $6000 for the Section’s scholar-
April 29 for automotive and construction ap- ship fund.
Speaker: Brendan Kenyon, product de- plications. The charter for the Detroit
velopment engineer
Affiliation: Stanley® Engineered Fas-
Section-sponsored Golightly Voca-
tional School Student Chapter was
District 12
tening, Infastech Decorah Daniel J. Roland, director
approved, with Jeffry Hill, advisor.
Topic: Drawn arc stud/nut welding (920) 241-1542
Activity: The Section met at the Stan- daniel.roland@airgas.com

DETROIT — Attendees are shown at the April training program.

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 187

SECTION NEWS
SAN ANTONIO
District 13 District 15 August 22
John Willard, director David Lynnes, director Activity: The Section hosted a certi-
(815) 954-4838 (701) 365-0606 fied welding inspector (CWI) training
kustom_bilt@msn.com dave@learntoweld.com seminar for 28 attendees. Ron Theiss,
a senior CWI, taught the class.
CHICAGO District 16
July 17
Activity: The Section’s board mem-
Karl Fogleman, director
(402) 677-2490
District 19
bers met to finalize its by-laws. Par- Ken Johnson, director
fogleman3@cox.net
ticipating were Chair Erik Purkey, (425) 957-3553
Lisa Moran, Jeff Stanczak, Bob Zim- kenneth.johnson@vigorindustrial.com
ny, Craig Tichelar, Marty Vondra, and District 17
Cliff Iftimie. The meeting was held at
Gordon Biersch Restaurant in Boling-
Jerry Knapp, director
(918) 224-6455
District 20
Pierrette H. Gorman, director
brook, Ill. jerry.knapp@gasandsupply.com (505) 284-9644
phgorma@sandia.gov
District 14 District 18
Robert L. Richwine, director
(765) 606-7970
John Stoll, director
(713) 724-2350
District 21
Nanette Samanich, director
rlrichwine2@aol.com John.Stoll@voestalpine.com (702) 429-5017
nan07@aol.com

CHICAGO — From left are Cliff Iftimie, Marty Vondra, Craig Tichelar, Bob Zimny, Chair Erik Purkey, Lisa Moran, and Jeff Stanczak.

SAN ANTONIO — Shown at the CWI seminar are from left (front row) Henry Ottino, Odumosu Francis, Larry Aikins, Juan Moreno,
Carol Lawrence, Herberto Franco, and Tim Hedrick; (middle row) Bob Manning, Luca Albelice, Keith Rose, Phillip Riley, Guny Reynolds,
Tracy Williamson, Ryan Bravence, Ed Hartman, Dan Whornham, Thomas Judkins, Michael Rothe, Alvaro Pla, and Chuck Ageubroad;
(top row) Chris (John) Covey, Rick DeVries, Joshua Archie, Raymond Duran, Joseph Long, Tad Stallings, Warren Goldshine, and Instruc-
tor Ron Theiss. Photo by Chair Cornelio Ontiveros.

188 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014

 SECTION
SOCIETY NEWS
AWCIWT Student Chapter SACRAMENTO VALLEY mento Courtyard Marriott in Sacra-
July 16 July 31 mento, Calif.
Activity: Chapter Advisor Samuel Activity: The Section held a study Attending were Mike Adams, Leo Ve-
Colton and Prof. Emeritus Curtis group for the CWI exam at the Sacra- lazquez, Chelsey Morris, Paul Farin-
Casey taught a welding instructor ha, and Kevin Krusi.
workshop held during the University
of Arizona Career Technical Educa-
tion Conference in Tucson. The topic
was gas tungsten arc welding in com-
pliance with AWS D17.1, Specification
for Fusion Welding for Aerospace Appli-
cations. The procedures were demon-
strated and X-ray inspected. Support
was provided by Buddy May, advisor
for the Mohave C. C. Student Chap-
ter; John Weber, Lincoln Electric Dis-
trict Manager; Jerome Siko, CAID In-
dustries, Inc., of Tucson; Phoenix
Welding Supply; Vern Lewis Welding
Supply, and Arizona Western College CENTRAL VALLEY — Shown from left are Vice Chair Randy Emery, Training Director
Institute of Welding Technology (AW- Robert Topete, and Chair Greg Hockert.
CIWT) Student Chapter members.
The Student Chapter, based in Yuma,
Ariz., is with the San Diego Section.

District 22
Kerry E. Shatell, director
(925) 866-5434
kesi@pge.com

CENTRAL VALLEY
July 24
Speaker: Robert Topete, training di-
rector
Affiliation: UA Local 246
Topic: Implementing apprentice pro-
grams
Activity: Following the talk, Topete
led the attendees on a tour of the
United Association of Plumbers and
SACRAMENTO VALLEY — Shown clockwise are Mike Adams, Leo Velazquez, Chelsey
Pipe Fitters Local 246 Apprentice
Morris, Paul Farinha, and Kevin Krusi.
Training Center in Fresno, Calif.

AWCIWT Student Chapter — Participants are shown at the workshop presented to train aerospace welding instructors.

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 189

 Guide to American Welding Society® Services
American Welding Society® Operations Manager, GAWDA TECHNICAL SERVICES
8669 NW 36th St., #130 Natasha Alexis.. nalexis@aws.org . . . . . . . . . .(401) Dept. information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(340)
Miami, FL 33166-6672 Managing Director
(800/305) 443-9353; Fax: (305) 443-7559 INTERNATIONAL SALES Technical Services Development & Systems
Phone extensions are in parentheses. Managing Director of North American Sales Andrew Davis.. adavis@aws.org . . . . . . . . . . .(466)
Joe Krall..jkrall@aws.org . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(297) International Standards Activities, American
AWS PRESIDENT Council of the International Institute of Welding
Dean Wilson . . . deanwilsonaws@gmail.com Manager of Sales Operations
Welldean Enterprises Lea Paneca..lea@aws.org . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(220) Director, Operations
151 Oak Tree Cir., Glendora, CA 91741 Annette Alonso.. aalonso@aws.org . . . . . . . . .(299)
Corporate Director, International Sales Technical Activities Committee, Welding
ADMINISTRATION Jeff Kamentz..jkamentz@aws.org . . . . . . . . . .(233) Qualification
Executive Director Oversees international business activities;
Ray Shook.. rshook@aws.org . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(210) certification, publications, and membership. Manager, Safety and Health
Stephen Hedrick.. steveh@aws.org . . . . . . . . .(305)
Senior Associate Executive Director PUBLICATION SERVICES Metric Practice, Safety and Health, Joining
Cassie Burrell.. cburrell@aws.org . . . . . . . . . . .(253) Dept. information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(275) of Plastics and Composites, Personnel and Facili-
Managing Director ties Qualification, Mechanical Testing of Welds
Chief Financial Officer Andrew Cullison.. cullison@aws.org . . . . . . . .(249)
Gesana Villegas.. gvillegas@aws.org . . . . . . . .(252) Program Managers II
Welding Journal Stephen Borrero... sborrero@aws.org . . . . . . .(334)
Chief Technology Officer Publisher Brazing and Soldering, Brazing Filler Metals
Dennis Harwig..dharwig@aws.org . . . . . . . . .(213) Andrew Cullison.. cullison@aws.org . . . . . . . .(249) and Fluxes, Brazing Handbook, Soldering Hand-
book, Definitions and Symbols, Structural Sub-
Chief Information Officer Editor committees on Bridge Welding, Stainless Steel,
Emilio Del Riego..edelriego@aws.org . . . . . . .(247) Mary Ruth Johnsen.. mjohnsen@aws.org . . .(238) and Reinforcing Steel
National Sales Director Rakesh Gupta.. gupta@aws.org . . . . . . . . . . .(301)
Associate Director of Board and Rob Saltzstein.. salty@aws.org . . . . . . . . . . . .(243) Filler Metals and Allied Materials, Interna-
Executive Director Services
Alex Diaz.. adiaz@aws.org . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(294) Society and Section News Editor tional Filler Metals, UNS Numbers Assignment,
Howard Woodward..woodward@aws.org . . . .(244) Arc Welding and Cutting Processes, Computeri-
Administrative Services zation of Welding Information
Managing Director Welding Handbook
Jim Lankford.. jiml@aws.org . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(214) Editor Brian McGrath .... bmcgrath@aws.org . . . . . .(311)
Annette O’Brien.. aobrien@aws.org . . . . . . . .(303) Structural Welding, Welding in Marine Con-
Director struction, Piping and Tubing
Hidail Nuñez..hidail@aws.org . . . . . . . . . . . . .(287) MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS
Director Program Managers
HUMAN RESOURCES Lorena Cora.. lcora@aws.org . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(417) Efram Abrams.. eabrams@aws.org . . . . . . . . .(307)
Director Automotive, Resistance Welding, Machinery
Gricelda Manalich.. gricelda@aws.org . . . . . .(266) Public Relations Manager and Equipment, Methods of Inspection
Cindy Weihl..cweihl@aws.org . . . . . . . . . . . . .(416)
Associate Director Chelsea Lewis.. clewis@aws.org . . . . . . . . . . . .(306)
Patrick Henry..phenry@aws.org . . . . . . . . . . .( 211) Webmaster Friction Welding, Oxyfuel Gas Welding and
Jose Salgado..jsalgado@aws.org . . . . . . . . . . .(456) Cutting, High-Energy Beam Welding, Robotics
INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF WELDING Welding, Welding in Sanitary Applications
Senior Coordinator Section Website Editor
Sissibeth Lopez . . sissi@aws.org . . . . . . . . . . .(319) Henry Chinea...hchinea@aws.org . . . . . . . . . .(452) Jennifer Molin.. jmolin@aws.org . . . . . . . . . .(304)
Liaison services with other national and inter- Sheet Metal Welding, U.S. TAG for ISO/TC
national societies and standards organizations. MEMBER SERVICES 44/WG4, Welding and Brazing in Aerospace, Ti
Dept. information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(480) and Zr Filler Metals, Joining of Metals and Alloys
GOVERNMENT LIAISON SERVICES Senior Associate Executive Director
Hugh Webster . . . . . . . . . . . . . .hwebster@wc-b.com Cassie Burrell.. cburrell@aws.org . . . . . . . . . . .(253) Jennifer Rosario.. jrosario@aws.org . . . . . . . .(308)
Webster, Chamberlain & Bean, Washington, D.C. Railroad Welding, Thermal Spraying, Weld-
(202) 785-9500; F: (202) 835-0243. Director ing Iron Castings, Welding Qualification
Monitors federal issues of importance to the Rhenda Kenny... rhenda@aws.org . . . . . . . . . .(260)
industry. Serves as a liaison between members and
AWS headquarters. AWS FOUNDATION, INC.
CONVENTION AND EXPOSITIONS www.aws.org/w/a/foundation
Director, Convention and Meeting Services CERTIFICATION SERVICES General Information
Matthew Rubin.....mrubin@aws.org . . . . . . . .(239) Dept. information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(273) (800/305) 443-9353, ext. 212, vpinsky@aws.org
Managing Director Chairman, Board of Trustees
ITSA — INTERNATIONAL THERMAL John Gayler.. gayler@aws.org . . . . . . . . . . . . .(472) Gerald Uttrachi
SPRAY ASSOCIATION Oversees all certification activities.
Senior Manager and Editor Executive Director, Foundation
Kathy Dusa....kathydusa@thermalspray.org . .(232) Director, Certification Operations Sam Gentry.. sgentry@aws.org. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (331)
Terry Perez..tperez@aws.org . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(470)
RWMA — RESISTANCE WELDING Application processing, renewals, and exams. Corporate Director, Workforce Development
MANUFACTURING ALLIANCE Monica Pfarr.. mpfarr@aws.org. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (461)
Management Specialist Director, Accreditation Programs
Keila DeMoraes....kdemoraes@aws.org . . . . . .(444) Linda Henderson..lindah@aws.org . . . . . . . . .(298) Associate Director of Scholarships
Oversees the development of new certifica- Vicki Pinsky.. vpinsky@aws.org. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (212)
WEMCO — ASSOCIATION OF WELDING tion programs, AWS-Accredited Test Facilities,
MANUFACTURERS and AWS Certified Welding Fabricators. The AWS Foundation is a not­for­profit 501(c)(3) chari­
Management Specialist table organization established to provide support for
Keila DeMoraes....kdemoraes@aws.org . . . . . .(444) EDUCATION SERVICES the educational and scientific endeavors of the Ameri­
Director, Operations can Welding Society. Promote the Foundation’s work
BRAZING AND SOLDERING Martica Ventura.. mventura@aws.org . . . . . .(224) with your financial support.
MANUFACTURER’S COMMITTEE
Stephen Borrero..sborrero@aws.org . . . . . . . .(334) Director, Development and Systems
David Hernandez.. dhernandez@aws.org . . . .(219)
GAWDA — GASES AND WELDING
DISTRIBUTORS ASSOCIATION AWS AWARDS, FELLOWS, COUNSELORS
Executive Director Senior Manager
John Ospina.. jospina@aws.org . . . . . . . . . . . .(462) Wendy Sue Reeve.. wreeve@aws.org . . . . . . . .(293)

190 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014

For Info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index
PERSONNEL

Vulcanium Metals Taps AWS Senior Certified Welding Inspec- National Pump and Compressor, and
Aerospace Manager tor and 20-year member and recent earlier as a captain in the U.S. Army.
chair of the AWS Technical Activities
Vulcanium Met- Committee. He also serves on the
als International, AWS B1, B5K, and D20 Committees Mathey Dearman Names Three
LLC, Northbrook, and currently chairs the A2B Subcom- Factory Representatives
Ill., has hired Kim mittee on Terms and Definitions.
Peko as aerospace Mathey Dearman, Tulsa, Okla.,
business develop- which specialize in clamping devices
ment manager. 3M Names Safety VP and cutting and beveling machines for
Peko brings more prepping pipe and tube for welding,
than ten years of 3M, St. Paul, Minn., has named has hired three additional factory rep-
experience in the Jose Varela vice president and general resentatives. Mark Campbell and Dave
industry, specializ- manager of the Personal Safety divi- Campbell were named to manage the
ing in titanium ap- sion, to oversee its safety-related busi- Woodstream Midwest Sales office, to
Kim Peko plications for air- ness operations worldwide. Varela pre- service accounts in Indiana, Kentucky,
frame and engines. viously served as managing director of Michigan, and Ohio. Dean Bridges was
3M Brazil. named to join the South Central En-
terprises office, managed by Frank
Lincoln Appoints VP Mazzella, to service accounts in Okla-
SMDI Makes Staff Changes homa and northern and western
The Lincoln Elec- Texas.
tric, Co., Cleveland, The Steel Mar-
Ohio, has named ket Development
Jennifer Ansberry Institute (SMDI),
Detroit, Mich., has Chief CFO Appointed at
vice president, Ergodyne
deputy general named Jody N. Hall
counsel. The posi- to succeed Ronald
P. Krupitzer as vice Ergodyne, St.
tion includes lead- Paul. Minn., a
ership of the com- president automo-
tive market. Hall provider of per-
pany’s environment sonal safety ap-
al, health, and safe- previously was
technical integra- parel and prod-
ty organization, ucts, has hired
J. Ansberry and leading por- tion engineer at the
J. N. Hall General Motors Co. Sue Horvath as
tions of the compa- chief financial
ny’s legal function including global Global Body Manu-
facturing Engineering Center. officer and vice
mergers, acquisitions, and general cor- president of fi-
porate legal matters. Since 2004, Ans- Krupitzer, who held the post for 13
years, plans to retire at the end of the nance. Horvath,
berry has served as deputy general a CPA and certi-
counsel. year. Sue Horvath fied manage-
ment account-
ant, most recently served as chief fi-
Holdren Heads ARC Specialties’ PFERD Hires Applications nancial officer and VP of operations
Welding Consultants Specialist for a medical device company.

Richard Holdren PFERD, Inc.,

has accepted the Leominster, Mass.,
a supplier of abra- Weaver Designates Industry
position of presi- Practice Leaders
dent, Welding Con- sive products, pow-
sultants, Inc., based er tools, and brush-
es, has appointed Weaver, Dallas-Ft. Worth, Tex., an
in Columbus, Ohio. independent accounting firm, has ap-
The company will Sean Lindley as ap-
plications specialist pointed CPAs Dale Jensen and Brad
operate as an inde- Jay as partners-in-charge for the oil
pendent subsidiary for Louisiana and
Texas, based in and gas industry; and the manufactur-
under ARC Special- ing, distribution, and retail industry,
ties, Inc., Houston, Houston, Tex., with
occasional assign- respectively. Jensen has 15 years and
Tex., a supplier of Sean Lindley Jay has 20 years of experience in the
R. Holdren automated welding ments in Arkansas
and Oklahoma. industry-practice and consulting field.
systems. Holdren
previously served as a senior welding Previously, Lindley worked in sales
engineer at ARC Specialties. He is an and technical applications positions at — continued on page 195

192 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014

Does your welding documentation suck?

TWI’s software can help!

Contact Nick Mossman at TWI to get started

Software
are for:
• Weld tr elers, tracking,
eld mapping, travelers, tracking, management
• Welding (WPS PQR)
elding procedures (WPS,
•   
 
 
 



    





• NDE/ND reporting
NDE/NDT

For Info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index

E: nick.mossman@twinorthamerica.com
P: 281-680-2000
See us at Fabtech booth # C3413 W: www.twisoftware.com
See us at FABTECH booth C2762
PERSONNEL tor of technol- inars. An avid athlete, he participated
ogy and prod- in many marathons and triathlons.
— continued from page 192 uct develop- Matteson was active in the American
Obituary ment. He held Welding Society and the Galvanizers
patents for Association. He volunteered his serv-
Robert Paul Matteson several prod- ices on many Resistance Welding
ucts, traveled Manufacturing Alliance (RWMA) tech-
Robert Paul Matteson, 73, an AWS worldwide ne- nical committees and as a teacher in
Counselor, died Aug. 2 in Ozona, Fla. gotiating con- the Resistance Welding School. WJ
After earning his electrical engineer- tracts, and
ing degree at Georgia Tech, he joined presented nu-
The Taylor Winfield Co. where he merous lec-
worked for 49 years, serving as direc- R. P. Matteson
tures and sem-

PRODUCT & PRINT quiring 15,000 lb/in.2; and evaporator

and rodder nozzles for applications re-
SPOTLIGHT quiring 15,000 or 20,000 lb/in.2.
— continued from page 42
NLB Corp.
nylon and rubberized antislip fabric to www.nlbcorp.com
keep the load in place. (248) 624­5555

SC Products, Inc. Jaw Provides Gripping Surface

www.juglugger.com
(302) 655­1255
without Marring of Workpiece

Boot Cleaner Incorporates

Gripper Cleats
The Mud-
Flinger, a low for easy transport. The Full Mask
portable boot Storage Bag is made with cotton outer
cleaner, is fabric and fleece inside. Respirator
part of the Storage Bags are reusable and made of
company’s 10-mil polyester with a zipper closure.
line of prod- Respirator and Equipment Carry Bags
ucts that in- come in two sizes and can be belt
cludes brush- mounted for carrying respirators,
es, discs, and gloves, and small tools.
cleaning sta-
tions for mud- Allegro Industries
dy boots. The boot cleaner has gripper www.allegrosafety.com
cleats on the bottom to hold it in place (800) 622­3530 Special Soft Top Jaws provide a
on any surface, including concrete, smooth gripping surface that holds
wood, gravel, grass, or snow, while the Pipe and Tube Nozzles Line the workpiece snugly so it is not dam-
worker rubs his or her boots on a sur- Offers More Choices aged. The jaws, which can be produced
face with more than 150 tuff-flex from 1018, 4140, 8620, 1045, A2,
polymer cones that scrub every crack stainless steel, aluminum, brass, or
and crevice of the soles. The product plastic, are useful for second-operation
has a lifetime guarantee. finishing work such as shafts, gear
blanks, wheel hubs, bearings, and ex-
MudKill tra-long workpieces that require spe-
www.mudkill.com cial attention and handling. Extra-
(855) 683­5455
wide jaws are available for large-diam-
eter parts and serrated soft-top jaws
Storage Bags Protect A line of high-pressure waterjet are available up to 10 in. in height.
Masks from Scratches nozzles for cleaning small pipes and Acme key style or square serrated-
tubes features five styles and more style jaws can be produced up to 14 in.
The Deluxe Full Mask Storage Bag than 200 models with standard drill in height.
and Deluxe Helmet Storage Bag have a patterns. Included are standard noz-
polyester outer shell and fleece interi- zles for applications requiring 15,000, Dillon Manufacturing, Inc.
or. A breathable PVC mesh covering, 20,000, or 40,000 lb/in.2; multirow www.dillonmfg.com
drawstring closure, and carry strap al- and button nozzles for applications re- (800) 428­1133

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 195

See us at FABTECH booth C2762
RED HOT PRODUCT LISTINGS
See us at FABTECH booth C1344
See us at FABTECH booth C1344
See us at FABTECH booth C1344
(ADVERTISEMENTS)
Aerospace Grade Welding
Alloys
Aimtek’s Aerospace-grade welding
alloys are approved for use in
all major aviation and defense
applications. Typical approvals in-
clude DFARS, Pratt & Whitney, GE,
Rolls Royce, and Honeywell. All
weld wire is individually Acromag
tested and ultrasonically cleaned.
Custom flag tagging, color coding,
packaging, and labeling is available.
Many exotic alloys in stock.
ISO9001/AS9100 quality system.
201 Washington St.
Auburn, MA 01501 USA
(508) 832­5035
jkapur@aimtek.com
See us at FABTECH booth C1016 www.aimtek.com
Welding Skills 5th Edition
Welding Skills is an industry-leading
resource designed to provide the
essential knowledge and skill-building
exercises necessary to succeed in today’s
welding industry. This easy-to-compre-
hend resource features hundreds of full-
color illustrations and application photos
to illustrate key concepts. Features of
this new edition include comprehensive
coverage of welding safety based on
ANSI/AWS Z49.1, expanded coverage of
pipe welding including modified GMAW-
S, expanded coverage of essential metallurgy and the weldability
of ferrous and nonferrous metals, and updated coverage of weld
evaluation and testing methods.
American Technical Publishers
10100 Orland Parkway, Suite 200 See us at FABTECH
Orland Park, IL 60467­5756 booth C3240
(708) 957­1100 • www.atplearning.com
Stainless Steel Alloy
Electrodes
Arcos Industries, LLC offers
a 56-page brochure which
details the complete line of
premium bare wire, covered and
tubular electrode products for
welding stainless steel alloys.
Electrode classifications, ap-
provals, applications, diameters,
typical mechanical properties
and chemical compositions
are included.
Arcos Industries, LLC
394 Arcos Drive
Mt. Carmel, PA 17851
(800) 233­8460
Fax: (570) 339­5206
www.arcos.us
OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 197
 RED HOT PRODUCT LISTINGS
Twin­Wire Arc Spray System
Spray a full range of pure metals,
alloys, cored wires, and carbides with
the Bay State Model 400 twin-wire
arc spray machine. With its light-
weight gun head and robust design,
this unit is operator friendly and
extremely reliable for a variety of
field and shop applications. Any
electrically conductive wire can
be sprayed with the Model 400,
opening up a world of applications
including build-up, corrosion
protection, and wear resistance.
Bay State Surface Technologies, Inc.
201 Washington St.
Auburn, MA 01501 USA
(508) 832­5035 See us at FABTECH booth C1016
jkapur@aimtek.com
www.baystatesurfacetech.com
Modular Workstations
Bluco Corporation will display
their line of Modular Worksta-
tions at FABTECH 2014. With
the ability to quickly set datum
locations within +/-.030 in. and
repeat setups within +/- .005 in.,
weldments are within tolerance
every time with no costly re-work
delays. The workstations can be
used as stand-alone weld cells, or
for sub-weldments to feed work
to larger weld cells.
Bluco Corporation
3500 Thayer Ct.
Aurora, IL 60504
(800) 535­0135
www.bluco.com
See us at FABTECH booth C2011
198 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014
(ADVERTISEMENTS)
Zipper Welder –
Tank Fabrication
Made Easy!
Bug-O’s new track system
for welding vertical seams on
field storage tanks. An easy
to use affordable system that
easily mounts to the top lip
of a tank, increases welding
production and incorporates
the MDS System, then quickly
glides to the next joint!
Bug­O Systems
161 Hillpointe Drive
Canonsburg, PA 15317
(800) 245­3186
Fax: (412) 331­0383
jwhite@weld.com See us at FABTECH booth C2106
www.bugo.com
Robotic Welding Cables,
Resistance Welding Cables,
Copper Laminated Shunts.
Power Leads For Welding,
Automation, Robotics,
MIG Guns
We have been serving the resist-
ance welding industry for more
than 50 years. We have a passion
for quality products, unbeatable
prices and exemplary delivery.
When you place an order with
Cal Manufacturing, you can expect to receive a product built by
professionals from top-quality materials and delivered to you with
time to spare. Same day shipping available.
CAL Manufacturing, Inc.
5500 East V Avenue
See us at FABTECH booth C1730
Vicksburg, MI 49097
Toll Free: (888) 272­5446
www.calmfginc.com
RED HOT PRODUCT LISTINGS (ADVERTISEMENTS)

Safety. Budget. Accuracy. New Hand­Held

We know that welder and procedure
qualifications are costly, and mistakes in
documentation can translate into delays
in productivity. Our team draws from
manufacturing, consulting, and codes
and standards experience: we know that
we have to stay on top of our game so
you can stay on yours. Our customers
subscribe to our software because they
know with CEI, they get the entire pack-
age. Smart software. Serious service.
It’s what we do.
www.thinkCEI.com
See us at FABTECH CEI
booth C2463 509 NW 5th Street
Blue Springs, MO 64014
(800) 473­1976
Fax: (816) 228­0680
E­mail: sales@thinkcei.com
Weldscope WS­100
Provides Complete
Resistance Welding
Process Control
Dengensha America’s new
hand-held Weldscope
WS-100 controls 15 moni-
toring functions and 3
selectable detection ranges. Users can monitor, measure, save and
print out welding current, cycle time and peak current from AC
and DC welders, single and three-phase welders, capacitor
discharge welders, AC seam welders, pulsation AC/DC welders,
and inverter welders.
Dengensha America Corp.
7647 First Place Drive
Bedford, OH 44146
(440) 439­8081 • Fax: (440) 439­8217
sandrassy@dengensha.com
www.dengensha.com See us at FABTECH booth C2216

Non­Metallic Weld Backings Tri­Mix™ is Superior Tungsten

At Cerbaco we will provide you Tri-Mix™ tungsten WS2 is non-

with the proper weld backings
for your applications. Our
engineers will be happy to assist
you in implementing a backing
that will give you a finished
quality, full penetration weld
from one side. Cerbaco weld
backings eliminate the need for
arc gouging and heavy grinding.
Cerbaco can also develop new
backings and formulations for your specific needs. Cerbaco Ltd is
the one source for weld backings.
Cerbaco Ltd.
809 Harrison Street
Frenchtown, NJ 08825
(908) 996­1333
Fax: (908) 996­0023
www.cerbaco.com
radioactive and offers superior per-
formance in TIG and plasma welding
applications. It is blended with three
rare earth elements that scientifically
balance the migration and evaporation
rates to extend service life with
increased number of arc starts and
fewer misfires. Its lower work function
requires less energy to start and also
runs cooler. FREE Tungsten Guide-
book and FREE samples available.
Diamond Ground Products, Inc.
2651 Lavery Court
Newbury Park, CA 91320
(805) 498­3837 • Fax: (805) 498­9347
sales@diamondground.com
www.diamondground.com
See us at FABTECH booth A2944 See us at FABTECH booth C2132

Pre­Ground Welding Electrodes

Increase weld quality and productivity

with electrodes precision ground or
polished to your specification.
Benefits include reduced arc wander,
consistency of arc shape, superior arc
starting, longer electrode life and
elimination of tungsten inclusions
through reduction of electrode
spitting/shedding. Free samples of
preground electrodes and Tungsten
Guidebook available upon request.

Diamond Ground Products, Inc. See us at FABTECH booth C2132

2651 Lavery Court
Newbury Park, CA 91320
(805) 498­3837 • Fax: (805) 498­9347
sales@diamondground.com
www.diamondground.com
Be sure to follow us on Facebook & Twitter!

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 199

RED HOT PRODUCT LISTINGS (ADVERTISEMENTS)

Why Use the NEW Piranha II Clean and Passivate Stainless Steel Welds with
Tungsten Grinder? Unique High­Temp Brush

The best value in tungsten grinders The TIG Brush Stainless

just got better! Not only can you Steel Weld Cleaning System
properly grind tungsten longitudinally creates a unique combina-
on high-quality diamond wheels, but tion of electricity, heat and
you can now grind tungsten as small as chemistry to deliver
3⁄4 in. This dedicated tungsten grinder superior results in weld
provides a 20Ra surface finish that improves most aspects of weld- cleaning, passivation and
ing applications, including tungsten life, arc starting, arc stability metal surface finishing. Its
and weld penetration. The enclosed grinding area captures Tung- proprietary, conductive brush applies cleaning fluid to the work
sten dust for easy disposal and you can correctly and consistently surface, producing an electrochemical cleaning action with
diamond grind tungsten up to 3⁄32 in. in less than 30 seconds. You astoundingly fast and effective results.
can learn more and see streaming video at DiamondGround.com Please visit our booth C3067
Diamond Ground Products, Inc. See us at FABTECH booth C2132 At FABTECH Atlanta for a FREE DEMO
2651 Lavery Court Ensitech, Inc.
Newbury Park, CA 91320 1005 N Commons Drive
(805) 498­3837 • Fax: (805) 498­9347 Aurora, IL 60504
sales@diamondground.com • www.diamondground.com (630) 851­2126
Be sure to follow us on Facebook and Twitter! Online at TIGBrush.com

You're Paying Too Much For Fischer SUPER COUPON

Tungsten Grinding Wheels Qualifies all Thicknesses
DGP offers a complete line of The Fischer SUPER COUPON
high-quality, low-cost replacement saves money and time by
diamond grinding wheels for replacing testing of both 2 in.
nearly any tungsten electrode and 6 in. pipe coupons per
grinder on the market. DGP grind- ASME Section IX,. It will
ing wheels are in-stock, and ready qualify a welder for ALL
to ship immediately. Compare and thicknesses and ALL diameters
save today! down to 1 in. OD. It is suitable
for bend testing or radiography. Various end preparations and
Diamond Ground Products, Inc. lengths are available. For these and other coupons, please visit
2651 Lavery Court our website.
Newbury Park, CA 91320
(805) 498­3837
Fax: (805) 498­9347 8220 Expansion Way
sales@diamondground.com Dayton, OH 45424
www.diamondground.com (937) 754­1750
Be sure to follow us on Facebook Fax: (937) 754­1754
See us at FABTECH booth C2132 www.fischerengr.com

New LDSF Tool Slides FISCHER DataCenter with FERITSCOPE® FMP30

and Tooling
The Fischer FERITSCOPE® FMP30
E.H. Wachs has developed a new confirms that your weld isn’t going
system of tool slides and tooling to crack under heat or lose its
used in conjunction with its Large strength and corrosion resistance.
Diameter Split Frame (LDSF). This handheld ferrite content
Consisting of a parting slide, radial measurement device quickly and
slide base with digital feed easily determines if the ferrite
indicators and pivot slide with cam, content in a weld can withstand mechanical stresses at high tem-
these slides utilize the LDSF as a machining platform. peratures. It identifies if the weld is susceptible to cracking under
They offer a complete portable machining solution ideal for large tension or vibration by taking a quick measurement of the ferrite
vessel and steam generator projects. content. Ferrite content too low, the weld could crack under heat;
ferrite content too high, the weld could lose its strength and
E.H. Wachs® corrosion resistance. The included DataCenter software comprises
ITW Orbital Cutting & Welding See us at FABTECH booth C2632 all functions for the convenient transfer, evaluation and printing
600 Knightsbridge Parkway of the measurement data from your FERITSCOPE® FMP30.
Lincolnshire, IL 60069 USA
(847) 537­8800 • info@ehwachs.com Fischer Technology, Inc. See us at FABTECH booth B710
www.ehwachs.com (800)243­8417 • (860)688­8496
info@fischer­technology.com • www.fischer­technology.com

200 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014

RED HOT PRODUCT LISTINGS (ADVERTISEMENTS)

New ORBmax Oxygen Analyzer The Gullco Pipe KAT®

by Orbitalum
Orbitalum presents the ORBmax,
a 100% digital oxygen analyzer
that measures and monitors
oxygen particle count.
It eliminates uncontrolled,
unmonitored purging and the
assumption of acceptable oxygen
levels. With its maintenance free
optical sensor the ORBmax measures and records oxygen down to
0.0001% (1 PPM) to ensure highly repeatable, oxidation free welds.
E.H. Wachs®
ITW Orbital Cutting & Welding
600 Knightsbridge Parkway
Lincolnshire, IL 60069 USA
(847) 537­8800
info@ehwachs.com
www.ehwachs.com
See us at FABTECH booth C2632
The Gullco Pipe KAT® is an auto-
mated orbital welding carriage
designed for pipe welding appli-
cations. Ideal for field pipeline
manufacturing and power plant
construction, the Pipe KAT® is a
fully integrated welding system.
A remote pendant is included
and allows adjustment of the critical application parameters during
the welding process including, oscillation width, speed, dwells, wire
feed speed and voltage adjustment. The carriage operates on a
track band made of durable aluminum extrusion by engaging the
track with self-aligning wheels and a rack-and-pinion drive. This
wheel assembly uses a lever to engage that track, making it very
quick and simple to install the carriage. The simple control design
has made the Pipe KAT® one of the easiest pipe welding carriages
to operate on the market.
Contact us at ussales@gullco.com See us at FABTECH booth C3005

Welder Shaver

Heck Industries has added

a new hand held weld
shaver to their line of fabri-
cating equipment. The new
Band-Type Pipe Cutting and weld shaver uses standard
Beveling Machine carbide inserts in a milling
cutter to shave weld beads
flush to a work piece. Used
for cleaning butt welds and
The H & M Band-Type Pipe Cutting and Beveling Machine is fast, corner welds. The weld shaver will remove only the weld and not
accurate and versatile. A single operator can position the band damage surrounding materials such as conventional grinding of
and beveling machine head on 48-diameter pipe in about five joints. The 2 horsepower Model WS-625 will quickly remove welds
minutes.The H&M motorized beveling machinehead incorporates at 6-8 feet per minute. For more information and a catalog please
a rugged, lightweight, cast aluminumchassis that is highly portable contact Heck Industries.
(weighs only 18 pounds) and designed to work on all H&M
stainless steel bands. Heck Industries
H&M Pipe Beveling Machine Co. See us at FABTECH (800) 886­5418
311 East Third Street, Tulsa, OK 74120 booth C2222 Fax: (810) 632­6640
(918) 582­9984 • Fax: (918) 582­9989 www.heckind.net See us at FABTECH booth C3422
info@hmpipe.com • http://hmpipe.com/machines

Flexible New HGG MPC Cuts

Pipes, Square or Rectangular
Tubing and Flat Plate Profiles
“Saddle-Type” Beveling Machine
HGG’S new Multi-Profile Cutting
Machine (MPC) provides a cost-
effective and flexible solution for
manufacturers with a wide range
of profiling needs. The MPC can
be configured to cut a variety of
H & M’s unique “split horseshoe” design permits easy placement profile shapes, including pipes, box sections, angle bars, and flat
over pipe sections. A quick-operating boomer assembly securely bars. By incorporating HGG ProCAM Software or other off-line
locks the machine to the pipe for an entire 360-degree rotation. programming, user capabilities are multiplied. For more
No repositioning is ever needed. H & M’s Cuboid Spacer System information about HGG Profiling Equipment and the new
keeps the spacers on the machine to minimize downtime. Multi-Profile Cutting Machine (MPC) contact John Tutino.

H&M Pipe Beveling Machine Co. HGG Profiling Equipment

311 East Third Street, Tulsa, OK 74120 5519 Indigo Commons Way
(918) 582­9984 • Fax: (918) 582­9989 Charleston, SC 29418
info@hmpipe.com (330) 461­6855
hmpipe.com/machines See us at FABTECH booth C2222 jt@hgg­group.com See us at FABTECH booth B4061

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 201

RED HOT PRODUCT LISTINGS (ADVERTISEMENTS)

Welding Classes and

Certification
This course catalog, available online
at www.welding.org, explains in
detail the wide range of welding
classes and certifications offered
by Hobart Institute of Welding
Technology. More than 25 separate
welding courses are described by
course objective, content, and
testing requirements. Also inside
the catalog are course schedules,
training rates, and enrollment
forms. Training and certification
may be done at our facility or yours.

Hobart Institute of Welding Technology

400 Trade Square East
Troy, OH 45373
(800) 332­9448 • FAX: (937) 332­9550
www.welding.org See us at FABTECH booth C2634

Welding Training Curriculum Available

HIWT curriculum materials are
perfect for open entry/open exit
environments because they’re
modular. Since video modules are
designed to present core informa-
tion and model proper technique,
students entering your program
can work through the videos and
practice sessions independently,
with the aid of their workbooks
and coaching from you. Designed with input from welding instruc-
tors across the country. We consult with welding instructors across
the country during the development phase to make sure that our
curriculum materials do the job you need them to do. Put 80 years
of welding training experience to work for you.

Hobart Institute of Welding Technology

400 Trade Square East, Troy, OH 45373
(800) 332­9448 • FAX: (937) 332­9550
www.welding.org See us at FABTECH booth C2634

202 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014

RED HOT PRODUCT LISTINGS (ADVERTISEMENTS)

New Line of Orbital Heads

Magnatech's 800 Series is a completely

new, ultra-slim, autogenous orbital
head design incorporating engineered
improvements based on 15 years of
field experience with earlier models.
Six models span the size range of
0.125 in. to 6.625 in. (3mm - 168mm).
A chain drive replaces the earlier gear drive for positive propulsion
that is immune to damage by metal debris. Clamping force can
be optimally set with thumbscrew adjustments. The new Heads
incorporate internal water-cooling, and the plastic body is
protected by replaceable ceramic shields against heat/UV damage.
New concept solid collets never wear out. Extended collets may be
used for superior workpiece alignment and fit up, not possible with
other heads.
Magnatech LLC
(860) 653­2573 • Fax: (860) 653­0486
Email: info@MagnatechLLC.com
www.MagnatechLLC.com See us at FABTECH booth C3144

Think Zinc Welding Angle Magnets

New from J.P. Nissen, Strong magnet attracts to any ferrous
this zinc-rich touch-up metal object and leaves both hands free
pen for galvanized to safely work on the project. Ideal for
metal provides long fast setup and accurate holding for all
lasting galvanic pro- welding jobs.
tection, allowing for
field repair of hot-dip • The arrow model covers 45, 90
or spray galvanizing at and 135-degree welding angles
any point during the fabrication or instillation process without
costly and messy overspray. The high-solid content resists chipping • The protractor model covers 30,
fading or peeling. 45, 60, 75 and 90-degree welding angles

J.P. Nissen Co.

P.O. Box 339
Glenside, PA 19038
(215) 886­2025
Fax: (215) 886­0707 See us at FABTECH 747 S. Gilbert St.
www.nissenmarkers.com booth B4567 Castle Rock, CO 80104
(888) 293­9399
See us at FABTECH booth C3103 www.magnetsource.com

Guidelines Low Odor See us at FABTECH booth C2538

Layout Marker

New from J.P. Nissen, the

Guidelines Layout Marker.
This quick-drying, low-
odor formula, has been
specifically designed to get
the same coverage as a 12 oz can of spray layout fluid without the
odor or mess. The marker provides a clean low reflection surface
for easy scribing and layout marking.

J.P. Nissen Co.

P.O. Box 339
Glenside, PA 19038
(215) 886­2025
Fax: (215) 886­0707
www.nissenmarkers.com
See us at FABTECH booth C3103

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 203

RED HOT PRODUCT LISTINGS (ADVERTISEMENTS)

Daihen 7th­Axis Robot

The new OTC DAIHEN FD-B4S Seventh-
Axis Robot allows incredible flexibility in
tight work areas, or for applications
such as small diameter circumferential
welding. This new robot will drastically
increase the degree of freedom for proper
torch angle allowing you to keep the arc
on longer and in the right position with-
out cable or fixture interference. The FD-
B4S works seamlessly with OTC brand
positioners and peripheral devices to
further optimize torch to part position-
ing, and is available for GMAW, GTAW,
Plasma Welding, and Air Plasma Cutting
with OTC power sources.
OTC Daihen Inc.
1400 Blauser Drive, Tipp City, OH 45371
(937) 667­0800
sales@daihen­usa.com
www.daihen­usa.com See us at FABTECH booth C2722

Welding Electrodes Catalog

Select-Arc offers an expanded
catalog that describes the
company's complete line of
premium flux cored and metal
cored carbon steel, low- alloy,
stainless steel, nickel alloy
and hardsurfacing welding
electrodes. This 100-page
catalog includes comparability
charts, welding parameters,
deposition rates, agency
approvals and Select-Arc
packaging options.

Select­Arc, Inc.
600 Enterprise Drive
P.O. Box 259
Fort Loramie, OH 45845­0259
(800) 341­5215• Fax: (888) 511­5217
www.select­arc.com

UniCoatProTM Plasma –
Fast…Precise…Easy

The new UniCoatPro Plasma is

the latest generation single process
controller platform from Oerlikon
Metco. It combines simple
operation with the latest
technology and safety features
into a compact unit. Designed for
use with conventional or cascading
arc (SinplexProTM) plasma spray
guns. UniCoatPro Plasma is an
outstanding choice for spray shops
of all sizes.

Oerlikon Metco
(800) 638­2699
Fax: (516) 338­2414
info.metco@oerlikon.com See us at FABTECH booth C1108
www.oerlikon.com/metco

204 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014

RED HOT PRODUCT LISTINGS (ADVERTISEMENTS)

FAST­GROW™ CO2 Flowmeter

with Solenoid

Introducing Uniweld's latest innova-

tion: FAST-GROW™ CO2 flowmeter
with Solenoid! A combination of a
regulator and a flowmeter in one unit,
this CO2 flowmeter will increase the
plant growth up to 30% more!
Manufactured machined brass body,
1.5 in. easy to read double-scale gauge,
FAST-GROW™ can be calibrated to
50PSI outlet pressure at 70°F.
This unit can also be ordered with a 15 ft. 3/16 in. hose for your
convenience. Stop by our booth at C2504 to see a FAST-GROW™
sample and more innovative products from Uniweld.
Uniweld Products, Inc.
Ft. Lauderdale, FL
(954) 584­2000
Email: info@uniweld.com
www.uniweld.com See us at FABTECH booth C2504

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 205

RED HOT PRODUCT LISTINGS (ADVERTISEMENTS)

Two­Axis Computer Start Your Career with

Control Pipe Cutter Welder Training and
The W-122 is a computer Testing Institute
controlled 2 axis pipe cut-
ting machine that enables WTTI maintains a freestanding campus
the operator to program equipped with sixty-five multi-process
and link multiple cuts. work stations for training in all major
The torch is manually set welding processes. Our Nondestructive
for bevel angles and the Testing Institute offers CWI and
computer makes offset various NDT courses. WTTI’s Industrial
adjustments so the torch Services Division (ISD) provides weld certification services
automatically positions for the next cut. It comes complete with a through our AWS ATF and ISO 17025 Accredited Laboratory
20 ft capacity bed with optional extension frames up to 50 ft., and with full capabilities in mechanical testing and NDT. WTTI also
diameters from 1-inch pipe 1.31 in. O.D. to 12.750 in. O.D. The pipe manufactures and ships certified test coupons and training
is supported with transfer rolls that the operator positions to material, available for purchase in small or large quantities.
support the cut pipe.
Welder Training and Testing Institute
Watts Specialties, Inc. 729 E. Highland Street
2323 East Pioneer, Suite A Allentown, PA 18109
Puyallup, WA 98372 (800)223­WTTI
(253) 848­9288 info@wtti.edu See us at FABTECH booth A3049
sales@watts­specialties.com See us at FABTECH booth C552

Advanced Hardfacing
Products

Hardface Technologies
manufactures a wide
range of wear resistant
See us at FABTECH booth C1722

solutions, which find

application in a variety
of industries. The
company’s advanced
hardfacing products,
which have been engineered specifically for high-wear
environments, are available through its worldwide distribution
network.

Postle Industries Inc.

Cleveland, OH 44142, USA
(216) 265­9000
Fax: (216) 265­9030
www.hardfacetechnologies.com

Buffalo Grain Utility Glove Bend and Make Your

Pipe Like the Pros!
The IRONCAT® Buffalo Leather
glove is made of quality buffalo Woodward Fab manual tube and pipe
grain and cow split leather benders are made from heavy-duty,
back, with Kevlar® stitching for CNC-machined steel and allow you to
protection and strength in fabricate your own one-of-a-kind pieces.
high-heat applications. Back- They can bend up to 2 in. diameter pipe
of-hand protection gives you with ease and have a 36 in. handle and
the highest dexterity and an engraved degree wheel for precision
protection for rolling cylinders bends every time. Simply clamp them
and light welding processes into your vise, mount them to your
including, MIG, TIG, and bench top, or attach them to the
spot welding. heavy-duty bender stand.

West Chester Protective Gear Woodward Fab

11500 Canal Rd. SKU# 9075 – S­2XL
P.O. Box 425
Cincinnati, OH 45241 Hartland, MI 48353
(800) 647­1900 (800) 391­5419
www.westchestergear.com See us at FABTECH booth C3236 Fax: (810) 632­6640

206 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014

RED HOT PRODUCT LISTINGS (ADVERTISEMENTS)

Replacement Cartridge
Filters

Dust collector replacement

filters for all makes and
models - up to 50% off

See us at FABTECH booth C2039

standard OEM pricing and
will meet or exceed the
OEM specifications. Manu-
factured right here in the
US. 100% performance
guarantee and ready to ship within 3 days. Standard 80/20 media,
nanofiber media and spun bound polyester medias are available.

Industrial Maid
351 South 12th Road
Cortland, NE 68331
(877) 624­3247
www.shop.industrial­maid.com See us at FABTECH booth C1039

Computer Weld Technology, Inc.’s SmartSensor™ MicroADM™

The sensor will record and store Take your weld monitoring to the
Arc Time next level. This easy to use sensor
Weld Counter provides part validation using weld
Duty Cycle count, volume, AAD (accumulated
Average Current and Arc-On Time arc density) and total arc time. Fea-
Average Volt, Wire Speed, Gas tures include multi-tier testing
Flow, Temperature and Travel using advanced AAD algorithms,
Speed a simple user I/O allowing the user
(Requires additional sensors) to identify testing levels and establish process limits. Using a single
input, the advanced learn mode will establish process control limits
The sensor can store 1040 weld and using the three levels of testing provides a pass/fail output.
summaries in internal NVRAM. The Date/Time stamped
summaries may be downloaded via the Modbus Port. Computer Weld Technology, Inc.
10702 Old Bammel N Houston Rd.
Computer Weld Technology, Inc. Houston, TX 77086
10702 Old Bammel N Houston Road (713) 462­2118
Houston, TX 77086 USA Fax: (713) 462­2503
(713) 462­2118 www.cweldtech.com
Fax: (713) 462­2503
www.cweldtech.com

GFM™ Wire Usage Monitored

The next generation of Gas Flow Where has all the wire gone?
Monitor from Computer Weld Find out with the WireTrak™. The
Technology, Inc. With a flow rate of WireTrak™ provides the necessary
5 to 255 scfh and accuracy of data acquisition; signal processing
+/- 3% of full scale reading, the and communications firmware
convenience of the GFM enables allowing remote logging of your
this welding tool to pay for itself wire utilization and actual
many times over. With two productivity rates. The optional
configurations offered, make this a WireLog Plus™ Software offers the
part of your weld control process. ability to program, download data and communicate with multiple
WireTrak™ units. The compact design permits ease of installation
Computer Weld Technology, Inc. in any GMAW application. Find out what the WireTrak™ can do
10702 Old Bammel N Houston Road for you.
Houston, TX 77086 USA
(713) 462­2118 Computer Weld Technology, Inc.
Fax: (713) 462­2503 10702 Old Bammel N Houston Rd.
www.cweldtech.com Houston, TX 77086
(713) 462­2118
Fax: (713) 462­2503
www.cweldtech.com
OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 207
Advertisers Logos

Thanks For Giving Us the

Opportunity to Serve You!
On behalf of the American Welding
Society, Welding Journal would like
to thank all of our advertisers for
supporting your Society and the
welding industry.

208 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014

Advertiser Logos

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 209

Advertiser Logos

210 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014

Advertiser Logos

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 211

CLASSIFIEDS
CAREER OPPORTUNITIES
WELD INSPECTOR
AMEC, a leading engineering &
construction management consulting
business, is seeking a Weld Inspector in
Orlando, FL to perform weld
inspections in field/manufacturing
facilities. Requires 2+ yrs related
experience & current AWS Certified
Welding Inspector Certification (CWI).
Additional information can be
obtained from our website at
www.amec.com. Apply online at
www.amec.com/careers (search
keyword 20489). Contact
molly.mapes@amec.com with any
questions.
EOE AA M/F/Vet/Disability
FOR SALE OR RENT
SERVICES
212 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014
CWI WITH MACHINING
INSPECTION EXPERIENCE WANTED Place Your Company Display
Ad or Classified Ad in the
West Coast Utility needs a couple of
part-time, seasoned inspectors for Welding Journal!
structural weld inspection and
machined component inspection over- Call the AWS sales team at:
sight /verification. Prefer D1.5 cert. (800) 443-9353
Hands-on, experienced person. We
offer a competitive hourly wage for this
contract position. Travel in U.S., Sandra Jorgensen, ext. 254
Canada, Europe, and Brazil likely…flex- sjorgensen@aws.org
ible assignments. Good oral and writ-
ten communications skills required.
Must be willing and capable of owning Annette Delagrange, ext. 332
product compliance and quality. adelagrange@aws.org
Call Randy Roberts (415) 973-2768.
Lea Paneca, ext. 220
lea@aws.org
Rentals, Lease and Sales
Welders
Weld
Automation
Gen
ne
Generators
1-866-733-3272
1-866-7
7
 CLASSIFIEDS

FOR SALE OR RENT (CONTINUED)

JOE FULLER LLC ® MITROWSKI RENTS

We manufacture tank turning rolls Hawkeye
Hawkeye B
Borescopes
orescopes Made in U.S.A.
Welding Positioners
3-ton through 120-ton rolls
www.joefuller.com 1­Ton thru 60­Ton
Tank Turning Rolls

80
email: joe@joefuller.com keye®
Phone: (979) 277-8343
Fax: (281) 290-6184 d, Flexible
Our products are made in the USA Video
scopes
5% Nital Solution ock! Used Equipment for Sale
www.mitrowskiwelding.com
Show steel weld profile &
penetration depth. We
have other etching
solutions for stainless
steel & aluminum welds. gradientlens.com/welding 800.536.0790
EtchantStore.com

CHRISTMAS CARDS
Over 35 Whimsical Welding
cards available at sales@mitrowskiwelding.com
pauloxmanpublishing.com/welding (800) 218-9620
(713) 943-8032
1-800-228-0787

CERTIFICATION & TRAINING

Professionals Sought for

IIW Training Courses
2014
The American Welding Society, the
Gesellschaft für Schweisstechnik
International (German Welding
Institute, GSI), and the National CWI PREPARATORY
Center for Welding Education and 80+ HOUR COURSE
Training (Weld-Ed) are seeking
candidates interested in obtaining the MORE HANDS–ON/PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS
IIW International Welding
Engineer or International Welding Houston, TX Oct. 6–17
Technologist diploma. Courses are Ellijay, GA Nov. 24–Dec. 5
being planned that will blend Baytown, TX Oct. 20–31
Internet-delivered training with class- Houma, LA Nov. 10–21
room training conducted in the United
+ Includes additional self study for weekend
States.
FOR DETAILS CALL OR E­MAIL:
The 440-hour course will be offered (800) 489­2890
during the next two summers and
is designed to promote career info@realeducational.com
development for busy welding
Also offering: RT Film Interpretation, MT/PT/UT
professionals.
Thickness, CWS, SCWI,
Welding Procedure Fundamentals,
Please contact Jeff Hufsey at:
And Advanced Inspection Courses
hufsey@aws.org for more details.

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 213

ADVERTISER INDEX

Abicor Binzel 39, 197 Carell Corp. 42, 198

www.binzel­abicor.com (800) 542­4867 www.carellcorp.com (251) 937­0948

Aimtek, Inc. 40, 197 Carestream 95

www.aimtek.com (800) 772­0104 www.carestream.com (888) 777­2072

ALM Materials Handling Positioners 23 CDA Technical Institute 35

www.almmh.com (800) 544­5438 www.commercialdivingacademy.com (888) 974­2232

American Technical Publishers 140, 197 CEI 123, 199

www.atplearning.com (800) 323­3471 www.thinkcei.com/FABTECH2014 (800) 473­1976

American Torch Tip 20 Cerbaco Ltd. 165, 199

www.AmericanTorchTip.com (800) 342­8477 www.cerbaco.com (908) 996­1333

American Weldquip 118 C.H. Symington & Co., Inc. 96

www.weldquip.com (330) 239­0317 www.chsymington.com (614) 766­2602

ArcOne 125 Champion Welding Alloys 46

www.arc1weldsafe.com (800) 223­4685 www.championwelding.com (800) 321­9353

Arcos Industries, LLC 137, 197, Inside Back Cover CM Industries, Inc. 11
www.arcos.us (800) 233­8460 www.cmindustries.com (847) 550­0033

Astaras 1, 93 CML USA, Inc. Ercolina 162

www.e3tungsten.com web contact only www.ercolina­usa.com (563) 391­7700

AT & F Headquarters 138 Cole­Tuve, Inc. 163

www.atfco.com (216) 252­1500 www.coletuve.com (877) 989­0700

Atlas Welding Accessories, Inc. 139 Computer Weld Technology 207

www.atlaswelding.com (800) 962­9353 www.cweldtech.com (713) 462­2118

AWS Certification Services 111, 113, 115 CONCOA 100

www.aws.org/certification/ (800) 443­9353, ext. 273 www.concoa.com (800) 225­0473

AWS Education Services 124, 154, 164, 194, 196 Cor­Met 51

www.aws.org/education/ (800) 443­9353, ext. 455 www.cor­met.com (800) 848­2719

AWS Foundation 60­61 CS Unitec 139

www.aws.org/foundation/ (800) 443­9353, ext. 250 www.csunitec.com (800) 700­5919

AWS Membership Services 150, 158, 410s Dengensha America 119, 199
www.aws.org/membership/ (800) 443­9353, ext. 480 www.dengensha.com (440) 439­8081

AWS Publications 168, 409s Detroit Section of AWS 38

www.aws.org/wj/ (800) 443­9353 www.awsdetroit.org (248) 275­8209/(614) 688­5121

Bay State Surface Technologies, Inc. 24, 198 D/F Machine Specialties 134, 199
www.baystatesurfacetech.com (800) 772­0104 www.dfmachinespecialties.com (507) 625­6200

Bluco Corp. 119, 198 Diamond Ground Products, Inc. 157, 199, 200
www.bluco.com (800) 535­0135 www.diamondground.com (805) 498­3837

Bradford Derustit 94, 198 Donaldson Torit 122

www.derustit.com (714) 695­0899 www.donaldsontorit.com (800) 365­1331

Bruker Corporation 91 Dynabrade 156

www.bruker.com/s1tital web contact only www.dynabrade.com (800) 828­7333

BTIC America Corp. 102 E.H. Wachs 145, 200, 201

www.btic­america.com (713) 779­8882 www.ehwachs.com (847) 537­8800

Bug­O Systems 101, 198 Electron Beam Technologies, Inc. 143

www.bugo.com (800) 245­3186 www.electronbeam.com (815) 935­2211

CAL Manufacturing, Inc. 198 Ensitech 132, 200

www.calmfginc.com (888) 272­5446 www.tigbrush.com (630) 851­2126

Camfil Air Pollution Control 2 ESAB Welding & Cutting 18­19

www.camfilapc.com (800) 479­6801 www.esabna.com (800) 372­2123

214 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014

 ADVERTISER INDEX

ESSEN Trade Shows 174 Intertest, Inc. 90, 202

www.schweissen­schneiden.com +1. 9 14. 9 62­13 10 www.intertest.com (908) 496­8008

Fabtech Industry Night 2014 25 Johnson Mfg. Co. 151, 203

www.fabtechexpo.com/industrynight (866) 635­4692 www.johnsonmfg.com (800) 747­0030

Fischer Engineering Co. 200 J. P. Nissen Co. 121, 203

www.fischerengr.com (937) 754­1750 www.nissenmarkers.com (215) 886­2025

Fischer Technology 156, 200 Kimberly Clark Professional 155

www.fischer­technology.com (860) 683­0781 www.kcprofessional.com/extramile (800) 241­3146

Flange Wizard, Inc. 128 K.I.W.O.T.O., Inc. 151

www.flangewizard.com (714) 792­1949 www.rodguard.net (269) 944­1552

Fronius USA, LLC 127 KMT Saw 140

www.fronius­usa.com (877) 376­6487 www.kmtsaw.com (269) 321­8860

Fusion, Inc. 128 Kobelco Welding of America, Inc. 110

www.fusion­inc.com (800) 626­9501 www.kobelcowelding.com (800) 961­3158

G.A.L. Gage Co. 36 Koike Aronson, Inc./Ransome 16­17

www.galgage.com (269) 465­5750 www.koike.com (800 252­5232

Genstar Technologies Company, Inc. 131 Lincoln Electric Co. Outside Back Cover
www.genstartech.com (909) 606­2726 www.lincolnelectric.com (216) 481­8100

Greiner Industries 15 Lucas­Milhaupt, Inc. 120

www.greinerindustries.com (800) 782­2110 www.lucasmilhaupt.com (414) 679­6000

Gullco International, Inc. ­ U.S.A. 23, 201 Magnatech LLC 99, 203
www.gullco.com (440) 439­8333 www.magnatechllc.com (860) 653­2573

Harbert’s Products, Inc. 126 Magswitch 97

www.recycleflux.com (800) 377­3103 www.magswitch.com.au (303) 468­0662

HBD/Thermoid, Inc. 147 Master Magnetics, Inc. 148, 203

www.hbdthermoid.com (800) 543­8070 www.magnetsource.com/wj (888) 293­9399

Heck Industries, Inc. 26, 201 Mathey Dearman 141

www.heckind.net (800) 886­5418 www.matheycnc.com (918) 447­1288

HGG Group Profiling Equipment BV 135, 201 Maverick Testing Laboratories 136
www.hgg­group.com (330) 461­6855 www.mavericktestinglabs.com (281)­ 888­8210

H&M Pipe Beveling Machine Co., Inc. 58, 201 Meltric Corp. 207
www.hmpipe.com (918) 582­9984 www.meltric.com (800) 433­7642

Hobart 47 Mercer Abrasives 104, 203

www.HobartBrothers.com/tiethatbinds (800) 424­1543 www.mercerabrasives.com (631) 243­3900

Hobart Inst. of Welding Technology 109, 202 Metglas 114

www.welding.org (800) 332­9448 www.brazing.metglas.com (800) 581­7654

Hodgson Custom Rolling, Inc. 21 Midalloy 123, 204

www.hcrsteel.com (905) 356­6025 www.midalloy.com (800) 776­3300

Hypertherm 129 Miller Electric Mfg. Co. 22, 59

www.hypertherm.com/quality (800) 643­0030 www.MillerWelds.com/capturefive (920) 734­9821

I.M.P.A.C.T. (Ironworkers) 146 MK Products, Inc. 173

www.ironworkers.org/www.impact­net.org (800) 545­4921 www.mkproducts.com (800) 787­9707

Industrial Maid 207 Motor Guard Corp. 161, 204

www.shop.industrial­maid.com (877) 624­3247 www.motorguardplasma.com (800) 227­2822

Interactive Safety Products, Inc. 130 National University Polytechnic Institute 148
www.helmetsystems.com (704) 664­7377 www.nupolytech.org (800) 432­3483

Intercon Enterprises, Inc. 34 Nelson Stud Welding 152

www.intercononline.com (800) 665­6655 http://www.nelsonstud.com (800) 635­9353

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 215

ADVERTISER INDEX

Oerlikon Metco 149, 204 Thermatool 5

www.oerlikon.com/metco (716) 270 2228 www.thermatool.com (203) 468­4100

Olympus NDT 31 Thermo­Calc Software AB 116

www.olympus­ims.com (781) 419­3900 www.thermocalc.com (724) 731­0074

OTC Daihen, Inc. 27, 204 Tianjin Leigong Welding Alloys 136
www.daihen­usa.com (888) 682­7626 www.weldchina.cn +86­13752201959

Oxylance, Inc. 160 Tip Tig USA 132

www.oxylance.com (800) 333­9906 www.tiptigusa.com (856) 312­8164

Pearl Abrasive Co. 106 Tokin Corp. 144

www.pearlabrasive.com (800) 969­5561 www.tokinarc.com +81­53­485­5252

Phoenix International 161 Tri Tool, Inc. 30

www.dryrod.com (414) 973­3400 www.tritool.com/RBLG2 (800) 252­7879

Postle Industries, Inc. 144, 206 Triangle Engineering, Inc. 98, 147, 205
www.postle.com (800) 321­2978 www.trieng.com (781) 878­1500

Red­D­Arc Welderentals 101 TRUMPF 13

www.reddarc.com (866) 733­3272 www.us.trumpf.com web contact only

Revco Industries, Inc. 33 TWI North America 193

www.BlackStallion.com/www.BSXgear.com (800) 527­3826 www.twosoftware.com (281) 680­2000

Robovent Products Group, Inc. 171 Uniweld Products, Inc. 41, 205
www.robovent.com (888) 762­6836 www.uniweld.com (800) 323­2111

Rolled Alloys 162 Victor Technologies 37

www.rolledalloys.com (800) 521­0332 www.VictorTechnologies.com/cashback (800) 569­0547

RWMA/Resistance Welding Mfg. Alliance 142 voestalpine Bohler Welding USA Inc. 29
www.aws.org/rwma (800) 443­9353, ext. 444 www.voestalpine.com/welding (800) 527­0791

Schaefer Ventilation Equipment 143 Watts Specialties, Inc. 112, 206

www.schaeferfan.com (800) 779­3267 www.watts­specialties.com (253) 848­9288

Scrape­N­Burr (Innovative Products Ideas LLC) 165 Weartech ­ A Lincoln Electric Company 191
www.scrapenburr.com (866) 895­1531 www.lincolnelectric.com (714) 683­2430

Select Arc, Inc. Inside Front Cover, 133, 204 Weld Aid 103, 105, 107
www.select­arc.com (937) 295­5215 www.weldaid.com (800) 935­3243

Sellstrom Mfg. Co. 8­9 Weld Engineering 7, 206

www.sellstrom.com (800) 323­7402 www.weldengineering.com (508) 842­2224

SK Brazing USA, LLC 159 Welder Training & Testing Institute 26, 206
www.skbrazing.com (414) 628­0584 www.wtti.com (800) 223­9884

Special Metals Welding Products Co. 117 West Chester Protective Gear 43, 206
www.specialmetalswelding.com (800) 624­3411 www.westchestergear.com (800) 647­1900

Steelmax Tools, LLC 152, 204, 205 Woodward Fab 206

www.steelmax.com (877) 833­5629 www.woodward­fab.com (800) 391­5419

Strong Hand Tools 205 RED HOTS SECTION 197­207

www.stronghandtools.com (800) 989­5244

Sumner Mfg. Co., Inc. 92

www.sumner.com (888) 999­6910

Superflash Compressed Gas Equipment/IBEDA, Inc. 153

www.oxyfuelsafety.com (888) 327­7306

SW Industrial, LLC 159

www.sw­ind.net (954) 881­6418

Tecnar 108
www.tecnar.com +1 (450) 461­1221 Visit the AWS Interactive Ad Index: www.aws.org/ad­index

216 WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014

 WELDING RESEARCH
SUPPLEMENT TO THE WELDING JOURNAL, OCTOBER 2014
Sponsored by the American Welding Society and the Welding Research Council

Mechanical Behavior of Titanium­Clad Steel

Welded Joints
Mechanical properties of Ti­clad steel welded joints deposited with different interlayer ma­
terials were evaluated using microhardness, bend, and shear­bond strength testing in the
as­welded, after PWHT, and in thermally cycled conditions.

BY J. E. RAMIREZ

Fe. If the solubility limit is exceeded,

ABSTRACT as in fusion welding, brittle inter-
metallic compounds and carbides
Ti­clad steel welded joints made with different interlayer material­joining process form (Refs. 7, 8). Cracks form in
combinations were evaluated using microhardness, bend, and shear­bond strength test­
these phases due to the thermal
ing. The effect of thermal cycling on the shear­bond strength was evaluated as well. In
general, all the welded joints present the highest hardness level at the interlayer­Ti inter­ stresses induced during cooling and
face and across the first Ti layer. The maximum hardness in welded joints made with the complete separation along the Fe-Ti
Ni­Ti, NiCu­Ti, and NiCr­Ti interlayer systems was 607, 568, and 554 HV0.5, respectively. interface may happen in the welded
In the V­Ti and Ti­V systems, the respective maximum hardnesses were 307 and 409 joint, as shown in Fig. 1. To avoid
HV0.5, respectively, at the Fe­V interface. The maximum hardness observed in welded welding Ti directly to steel, the most
joints made with the Cu­Ti interlayer ranged from 300 to 350 HV0.5. Different softening common method of joining clad
responses to either thermal cycles of additional Ti layers or PWHT were observed in dif­ plates is the Batten Strip technique
ferent types of joints. Most of the joints failed the bend tests in the as­welded and (Refs. 1, 9–11). The Ti cladding mate-
PWHTed conditions. The Ni­Ti­, NiCu­Ti­, and NiCr­Ti­welded joints failed along the inter­ rial is stripped back 15 to 20 mm
layer­Ti interface and through the Ti weld layers. The Cu­Ti welded joints made with the
from the weld joint, after which the
CSC­GMAW process failed along the Cu­Ti interface. The bond­shear strength of both Fe­
Cu and Cu­Ti interfaces in Cu­Ti welded joints made with a combination of CSC­GMAW steel is welded and inspected. Next,
and GTAW­P processes in the as­welded, PWHTed, and thermally cycled conditions the space where the cladding was re-
ranged from 204.5 to 259.8 MPa (29.6 to 37.6 ksi). The Fe­Cu interface showed a larger moved is filled with Cu, Ti, or steel
displacement under maximum load as compared to that observed in the Cu­Ti interface. filler strips. Finally, a Ti cover strip
or Batten Strip about 50mm wide is
welded over the joint using fillet
KEYWORDS welds and gas tungsten arc welding
(GTAW) techniques. This method has
• Cladding • Titanium • Ti­Clad Steel • Thermal Cycling • Interlayer Materials several disadvantages including com-
plexity of irregular geometry at noz-
to improve the bond strength of the zle penetrations and attachments,
Introduction complexity of testing for joint in-
clad steel or to overcome metal plastic-
ity compatibility restrictions encoun- tegrity (including no reliable method
Titanium (Ti) clad steel is widely tered in roll bonding. Industrial-grade to inspect for root side purge failure),
used for large pressure vessels and pure iron (Fe), ultralow-carbon steel, open root joint configuration subject
other equipment in different indus- niobium (Nb) alloys, tantalum (Ta) al- to widespread corrosion damage of
tries to take advantage of the corro- loys, copper (Cu) alloys, and nickel the steel in the event of local failures
sion resistance of Ti, but at a lower (Ni) alloys have been used as interlay- of the fillet welds on the batten
cost than solid Ti construction. Tita- ers in the cladding process (Refs. 3–6). strips, potential for service failures
nium-clad steel is produced by roll Typical thickness of Ti-clad ranges due to low-cycle fatigue, difficulty of
bonding (usually with an interlayer), from 2.0 to 19.0 mm (0.08 to 0.75 in.) repair, and relatively high fabrication
direct explosive bonding (usually with- depending on the application. and testing costs.
out an interlayer) (Ref. 1), or by a com- Titanium has not been success- Therefore, there is the need to de-
bination of explosive bonding and roll fully fusion welded directly to steel velop reliable cost-effective methods
bonding (Ref. 2). Interlayers are used because it has limited solubility for of joining or repairing Ti-clad steel

J. E. Ramirez (jose.ramirez@dnvgl.com) was a principal engineer with EWI and now is a principal engineer at DNV.GL in Columbus, Ohio.

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 369-s

WELDING RESEARCH

A B

Fig. 1 — A — Titanium deposit layer that cracked and broke off a commercially pure Fe weld deposit during cooling; B — weld deposit that
cracked.

A B

plates that provide a continuous joint and PWHT conditions.

with acceptable mechanical and cor- Some of the welded
rosion properties with and without joints were tested after
postweld heat treatment (PWHT). exposure to thermal cy-
cling. The mechanical
Experimental Procedures behavior of the joints
was evaluated using mi- Fig. 2 — A — General view of joint design; B — cross sec­
Ti-clad steel welded joints were crohardness, bend, and tion of joint after deposition of interlayer material; C —
made using different interlayer mate- shear bond strength after completion of the joint.
rial-joining process combinations. The testing.
welded joints were tested in as-welded Materials and Welding
Conditions
Table 1 — General Characteristics of the Welding Consumables Used as Interlayer Materials and
Ti Layer for Welding the Ti­Clad Steel Plates Titanium­Clad Base Metal and
Interlayer Materials
Joint Designation Welding Process Filler Metal Designation Wire Size (in.)
The deposition of the interlayer
Ni-Ti CSC-GMAW CPNi (ERNi-1) 0.062
NiCu-Ti CSC-GMAW NiCu (ERNiCu-7) 0.062
material and corresponding Ti layers
NiCr-Ti CSC-GMAW NiCr (ERNiCr-4) 0.062 of the welded joints was done in 150-
Cu-Ti CSC-GMAW CPCu (ERCu) 0.062 ¥ 200-mm (6- ¥ 8-in.) explosion Ti-
Cu-Ti CSC-GMAW CPCu (ERCu) 0.062 clad steel samples. The explosion Ti-
GTAW CPTi (ERTi-1) 0.035 clad steel base metals consisted of
V-Ti GTAW — 0.062/0.045
Ti Layers CSC-GMAW/GTAW ERTi-1 0.062/0.035 SA-516-70 carbon steel with a nominal
thickness of 27.5 to 38.0 mm (1.1 to

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 WELDING RESEARCH

A B

Fig. 3 — A — General view of Ti­clad steel welded joints made with the CSC­GMAW process; B — joint made with a combination of the
CSC­GMAW and the GTAW­P processes.

A B

Fig. 4 — A — General view of Fe­Cu interface bond shear­strength samples; B — test setup.

1.5 in.) and SB-265-1 Ti clad with a

nominal thickness between 4.8 to 8.0 Table 2 — Ranking in Decreasing Order of Suitability of Interlayer­Welding Process Combination for
mm (0.188 to 0.313 in.). Based on Making Full­Size Ti­Clad Steel Welded Joints
metallurgical characteristics and po-
tential compatibility with the Fe-Ti Description of Interlayer System
system, and availability as commercial Ranking Interlayer Design (a) Welding Process Comments
welding wires, the interlayer materials 1 Fe-Cu-Ti CSC-GMAW + GTAW-P 1. Poor wettability of Ti on Cu
that were used for joining Ti-clad steel
2 Fe-Cu-Ti CSC-GMAW 1. Short contact tip life during
include commercially pure (CP) nickel deposition of Ti
(Ni), nickel-copper alloy (NiCu), 2. Poor wettability of Ti on Cu
nickel-chromium alloy (NiCr), CP
3 Fe-Ni-Ti CSC-GMAW 1. Short contact tip life during
vanadium (V), and CP copper (Cu) deposition of Ti
(Ref. 12). The general description of 2. Cracking susceptibility
the welding consumables used for
welding of the Ti-clad steel plates is 4 Fe-NiCu-Ti CSC-GMAW 1. Short contact tip life during
deposition of Ti
listed in Table 1. 2. Cracking susceptibility
5 Ti-V-Fe GTAW-P 1. Cracking susceptibility
Joint Design
6 Fe-NiCr-Ti CSC-GMAW 1. Short contact tip life
during deposition of Ti
The Ti-clad steel base metal sam- 2. Cracking susceptibility
ples have a widegroove prepared by
the strip-back method. The joint de-
sign of the wide-groove included a root (a) The designation of the interlayer system indicates the sequence of deposition of the different interlayer materials and
Ti layers in the joint.
that was between 19.0 to 25.0 mm

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 371-s

WELDING RESEARCH

ered based on the metallurgical charac-

Fig. 5 — Microhardness profile of NiCr­
Ti welded joint with one and three Ti
weld metal layers (1Ti, 3Ti), in the as­
welded and PWHTed conditions (CSC­
GMAW process).
(0.75 to 1.0 in.) wide and a 22-deg bevel
angle. Additionally, the groove was ma-
chined to a depth of about 2.50 mm
(0.10 in.) into the steel substrate, as
Fig. 6 — Microhardness profile of Ti­V­Fe
welded joint with two carbon­steel weld
metal layers, in the as­welded condition
(GTAW­P process).
shown in Fig. 2A and B. This joint de-
sign replicates the Ti portion of Ti-clad
steel butt joints, which is the more crit-
ical part of this type of joint.
Welding Process
Different joining processes were consid-
teristics of the selected interlayers, and
on the typical dilution of the joining
processes. The latter is significant be-
cause low-dilution processes limit the
amount of melting, as well as the ther-
mal experience of the base metal at
temperatures where intermetallic com-
pounds may form. Considering the
commercial availability of consumables,
ease of deployment in the field, and rel-
atively low equipment investment, arc
welding processes were considered the
primary process of choice.
A relatively new gas metal arc welding
(GMAW) process variant called con-
trolled short circuit (CSC)-GMAW was
chosen to deposit the selected interlayers
and Ti layers in the welded joints. The
CSC-GMAW process involves “pulsing”
the wire feed in conjunction with the
welding current to achieve improved
control of welding heat input and dilu-
tion with minimal spatter. Welding pa-
rameters of the CSC-GMAW process
include up-wire feed speed (Up WFS)
(m/min), down-WFS (m/min), initial arc
length (mm), arc current sequence, and
short-circuit current sequence. Each cur-
rent sequence has three levels to set
(start, pulse, and end). These three cur-

Table 3 — Welding Conditions for Depositions of Different Layers of Weld Metal in the Weld Joints Using CSC­GMAW

Arc Current Sequence Short-Circuit Current Sequence

Start Start Pulse Pulse End Start Start Pulse Pulse End
Weld Layer Shielding Gas Current Current Current Current Current Current Current Current Current Current
(A) Time (ms) (A) Time (ms) (A) (A) Time (ms) (A) Time (ms) (A)

Ni on steel 100% He 100 NA 100 NA 100 50 NA 50 NA 50

Ti on Ni 100% He 80 5 60 5 40 40 2.5 60 NA 60
NiCu on steel 100% He 100 NA 100 NA 100 50 NA 50 NA 50
Ti on NiCu 100% He 80 5 60 5 40 40 2.5 60 NA 60
NiCr on steel 50%Ar/50%He 100 NA 100 NA 100 50 NA 50 NA 50
Ti on NiCr 100% He 80 5 60 5 40 40 2.5 60 NA 60
CPCu on steel 100% He 130 NA 130 NA 130 50 NA 50 NA 50
CPCu on steel 100% He 150 NA 150 NA 150 50 NA 50 NA 50
Ti on CpCu 100% He 120 5 100 5 80 40 2.5 60 NA 60
Ti on Ti 100% He 80 5 60 5 40 40 2.5 60 NA 60
Wire Feed Speed Initial Arc Weaving Parameters
Length (mm)
Up WFS Down WFS Oscillation Speed Dwell Oscillation Forward Travel
(m/min) (m/min) (mm/s) Time(s) Amplitude Speed (mm/s)
(mm)
10 15 0.0 7.4 0.2 19.8 27.6
8 10 1.0 12.0 0.3 22.9 11.8
10 15 0.0 9.4 0.2 20.3 27.6
8 10 0.5 12.0 0.3 23.6 11.8
15 15 0.0 7.4 0.2 21.1 31.5
8 10 0.5 12.0 0.3 22.3 11.8
15 15 0.0 14.6 0.3 17.8 11.0
10 10 0.0 19.8 0.3 16.5 11.0
8 10 0.0 12.0 0.3 21.1 11.8
8 10 0.5 12.0 0.3 23.6 11.8

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Fig. 7 — Comparison of microhardness profiles of Cu­Ti welded
joints with three Ti weld metal layers deposited with the CSC­
GMAW process and with a combination of CSC­GMAW and
GTAW­P processes.
rent levels are used to control the bead
shape and size. The start and pulse lev-
els have a time associated with them.
For the end current level, the current is
maintained until the next sequence is
initiated.
During the arc phase, the end of the
electrode is melted and a droplet is
formed. At the same time, the electrode
is feeding forward toward the weld pool.
The forward wire feeding speed is set
higher than the melt-off rate so that the
arc will short out. Upon shorting, the
droplet at the end of the electrode is
pulled into the weld pool by the liquid
pool’s surface tension. The control sys-
tem senses the voltage drop and pre-
vents the current from spiking severely.
A current sequence is implemented to
allow resistive heating. The heat allows
for a smooth arc ignition. At the same
time, the wire feeders reverse direction
so that the electrode is being pulled
away from the weld pool. This makes
the short circuit break mechanically.
This differs from any other short-
circuiting process, which relies on the
electrode exploding to reestablish the
arc. The process represents an advance
in short-circuit metal transfer of the
GMAW process (Refs. 13–17) and offers
reduced heat input and dilution com-
pared to other arc welding processes.
Welding Conditions
Due to the complexity inherent to
dissimilar metal joining, CSC-GMAW
welding parameters and weaving pa-
Fig. 8 — General view of side bend samples obtained from
NiCu­Ti welded joints in the as­welded and PWHT conditions
(CSC­GMAW process).
rameters were developed and optimized
(Ref. 18). Six interlayer-joining process
combinations were ranked based on
their general wettability behavior, weld-
ability, and the ability to achieve accept-
able welding conditions, as listed in
Table 2. Table 3 lists the CSC-GMAW
welding parameters developed and used
for depositing each interlayer material
and the subsequent Ti layers in the
welded joints. The GTAW-P parameters
used to deposit the different Ti layers in
welded joints made with the Cu-Ti in-
terlayer system are listed in Tables 4–6.
Figure 3 shows a general view of
some of the welded joints made for me-
chanical evaluation. The welded joint in
Fig. 3A shows a stepwise configuration
at the ends. The three levels of the step-
wise configuration from the end toward
the center of the sample correspond to
the surface of the weld deposit of the in-
terlayer material, the surface of the first
Ti deposit layer, and the surface of two
additional layers of Ti. This arrange-
ment allowed the characterization of
deposits of the interlayer material in the
Table 4 — GTAW­P Parameters Used for the Deposition of First Layer of Ti in the Cu­Ti welded Joint
Peak current (A) 250
Back current (A) 10
Peak current time (s) 0.1
Back current time (s) 0.5
Wire entry angle (deg) 15
Wire type ERTi-1
Electrode type 2% Ce
Electrode preparation (deg) 30, no
flat
OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 373-s
WELDING RESEARCH
as-welded condition and an evaluation
of the effects of thermal cycles induced
during the deposition of one and three
layers of Ti on the properties of the in-
terlayer materials and the welded joint
as a whole. Figure 2C shows a cross sec-
tion of a complete welded joint (inter-
layer material plus three Ti layers). The
welded joints were subjected to radi-
ographic examination to evaluate the
soundness of the joints and to deter-
mine the location of different speci-
mens required for the mechanical
evaluation.
Postweld Heat Treatment
The PWHT of the welded joints was
conducted following the guidelines of
Section VIII of the ASME code for car-
bon steel welded constructions. The
holding temperature was between
1125° and 1150°F (607° and 620°C)
and the holding time ranged from 1 h,
15 min. to 1 h, 52 min. depending on
the thickness of the full-size joint.
Heating rates above 800°F (427°C)
Wire feed peak (mm/s) 8.5
Wire feed back (mm/s) 8.0
Arc voltage (V) 12.2
Travel speed (mm/s) 1.1
Wire to electrode distance (mm) 1.1
Wire diameter (mm) 0.9
Electrode diameter (mm) 3.2
Shielding gas type 75% He
25% Ar
WELDING RESEARCH
Fig. 9 — Cracks observed in longitudinal side bend samples
obtained from Ti­V­Fe welded joints in the PWHT condition
(GTAW­P process).
were controlled to be equal or less
than 400°F/h/in. (8.7ºC/h/mm). Cool-
ing rates above 800°F (427°C) were
equal or less than 500°F/h/in.
(10.9°C/h/mm).
Evaluation of Mechanical
Behavior of Welded Joints
The Ti-clad steel welded joints were
evaluated before and after PWHT. The
joints were evaluated using microhard-
ness profiles, bend testing, and bond
shear-strength testing. The effect of
thermal cycling after PWHT on the
shear-bond strength of some joints
was evaluated as well.
Microhardness Testing
Microhardness profiles were deter-
mined in the through-thickness direc-
tion of the deposited weld metals
starting from the steel substrate to-
ward the surface of the last layer of Ti
weld deposit. The microhardness pro-
files of the welded joints were deter-
mined in deposits with one and three
Table 5 — GTAW­P Parameters Used for the Deposition of Second Layer of Ti in the Cu­Ti
Peak current (A) 160
Back current (A) 80
Peak current time (s) 0.1
Back current time (s) 0.25
Wire entry angle (deg) 15
Wire type ERTi-1
Electrode type 2% Ce
Electrode preparation (deg) 30, no
flat
374-s WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014, VOL. 93
B
Ti layers, respec-
tively, and in the as-
welded and PWHT
conditions. The
hardness reading
was determined
using hardness Vick-
ers scale with a load
of 500 g (HV0.5).
Bend Testing Fig. 10 — A — Microcracking observed in the Fe­V interface of
welded joints deposited with the GTAW­P process; B — crack
arrested at the V­Ti interface.
The ductility of
the welded joints was
evaluated using were difficult to make. Additionally,
transverse and longitudinal side-bend welded joints from the Ti-V-Fe sys-
tests of samples in the as-welded and tem were tested only in the PWHT
PWHT conditions. Two samples in the conditions because the bend samples
as-welded condition and two samples in cracked during machining in the as-
the PWHT condition from each system welded conditions. This may indicate
were tested for a total of four specimens the buildup of a high level of residual
per welded joint. According to the re- stresses during the welding of this
quirements of the ASME code Section dissimilar metal joint.
IX, the bend tests were run using an 8T
diameter mandrel or die, where T is the Bond Shear­Strength Testing
thickness of the bend sample.
Bend testing was not conducted in In order to measure the shear bond
welds made with the Fe-V-Ti inter- strength of interfaces between dissimi-
layer system because crack-free joints lar material layers in some of the welded
joints, shear-strength testing was con-
ducted according to the requirements of
ASTM B898 (Ref. 19). Figure 4 shows a
Wire feed peak (mm/s) 6.4 view of some Fe-Cu interface shear
Wire feed back (mm/s) 6.4 bond strength samples, and test setup.
Arc voltage (V) 9.2 As shown in Fig. 4B, the sample is set
Travel speed (mm/s) 1.1 between two alignment bars to control
Wire to electrode distance (mm) 1.1
Wire diameter (mm) 0.9 lateral displacement of the sample and
Electrode diameter (mm) 3.2 force the sample to move only in the
Shielding gas type 75% He vertical direction. One of the alignment
25% Ar bars also acts as support (left-side bar in
 WELDING RESEARCH

Fig. 11 — General view of side bend samples obtained from B

Cu­Ti welded joints in the as­welded and PWHT conditions
(CSC­GMAW process).

Fig. 4B) to restrict the vertical displace- the Fe-Cu interface

ment of the area of the sample corre- and a shear bond
sponding to the interlayer material strength coupon
and/or Ti weld layers. The rest of the representing the
sample can be displaced freely in the Cu-Ti interface was
vertical direction. During testing, load- machined and
ing was applied to the sample in the tested according to
vertical-down direction through a the requirements of
plunger, as shown in Fig. 4B. As a result ASTM B898. The
of the plunger force and restraint of the shear bond strength
alignment/support bar, a shear force results were com- Fig. 12 — A — General view of bend test samples; B — cracks
was induced at the interface under eval- pared to those ob- observed in longitudinal side bend. Samples obtained from
uation. Only welded joints made with tained from Cu­Ti welded joints in the as­welded and PWHT conditions
the Cu-Ti interlayer system using a specimens that (combination of CSC­GMAW and GTAW­P processes).
combination of CSC-GMAW and were not exposed to
GTAW-P processes were tested. The thermal cycling. can be observed in Fig. 5. This is con-
shear bond strength of the Fe-Cu and sistent with the results of the light-
Cu-Ti interfaces was determined in the Experimental Observations and electron-microscopy characteriza-
as-welded and in the PWHT condition. tions of the weld metal deposits that
and Discussions indicated the presence of second
Effect of Thermal Cycling phases in those regions of the welded
Microhardness Profiles joints, as reported in a previous paper
A section from a welded joint (Ref. 12). The maximum hardnesses in
made with the Ti-Cu/(CSC-GMAW + Microhardness profiles obtained the welded joints made with the Ni-Ti,
GTAW-P) combination and in the from some of the welded joints are NiCu-Ti, and NiCr-Ti interlayer sys-
PWHT condition was subjected to 12 shown in Figs. 5–7. In general, all the tems were 607, 568, and 554 HV0.5, re-
thermal cycles. During each thermal welded joints present the highest spectively. In the V-Ti and Ti-V
cycle, the sample was heated to a hardness level at the interlayer-Ti in- systems, the maximum hardness read-
temperature of 496ºC ±14º (925ºF terface and across the first Ti layer, as ings obtained from the weld deposits
±25º) and held at that temperature
for one hour. The sample was then al-
lowed to cool to a temperature less Table 6 — GTAW­P Parameters Used for the Deposition of Filling Layers of Ti in the Cu­Ti Welded Joint
than 38ºC (100°F). The sample was
visually inspected and evaluated with Peak current (A) 140 Wire feed peak (mm/s) 10.6
dye penetrant before and after the 12 Back current (A) 140 Wire feed back (mm/s) 10.6
Peak current time (s) 0.1 Arc voltage (V) 9.5
thermal cycles were completed to de- Back current time (s) 0.25 Travel speed (mm/s) 1.5
termine the presence of cracks. No Wire entry angle (deg) 15 Wire to electrode distance (mm) 1.1
cracking was observed in the sample. Wire type ERTi-1 Wire diameter (mm) 0.9
Based on these results, one shear Electrode type 2% Ce Electrode Diameter (mm) 3.2
bond strength coupon representing Electrode preparation (deg) 30, no Shielding gas type 75% He
flat 25% Ar

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 375-s

WELDING RESEARCH

A B

C
ers of Ti weld metal interface, as shown in Fig. 6. This may
than that induced by have resulted from a potential combina-
the PWHT. The hard- tion of Fe and Ti at that interface. The
ness of the NiCr-Ti high degree of solid solubility between
welded joint with V and Ti could have induced a relatively
three Ti-layers shows high concentration of Ti in the V weld
a high value near the deposit, making it available for reaction
interface between the with Fe at the V-Fe interface. Electron
second and third Ti probe microanalyzer (EPMA) analysis
layers, as shown in was not conducted in weld metal de-
Fig. 5, but the inter- posits made with either the Fe-V-Ti sys-
face softened as a re- tem or the Ti-V-Fe system to confirm
sult of the PWHT. In this statement. The weld metal of the
Fig. 13 — A — General view of bond shear strength samples general, the NiCu-Ti Cu-Ti welded joints shows the softest
of the Fe­Cu and Cu­Ti interfaces; B — ductile characteristics and NiCr-Ti welded deposits, especially in the PWHT condi-
of the shear fracture of the Fe­Cu interface; C — brittle char­ joints did not experi- tion. This system experiences more
acteristics of the shear fracture of the Cu­Ti interface. ence major softening softening during PWHT than during ad-
as a result of the ther- ditional welding thermal cycles. In the
were 307 and 409 HV0.5, respectively, mal experience in- Cu-Ti system, as a result of the PWHT,
at the Fe-V interface. The maximum duced during either welding or PWHT, the hardness level through the weld de-
hardnesses observed in the welded as shown in Fig. 5. posit dropped to around 200 HV0.5. Due
joints made with the Cu-Ti interlayer In the Fe-V-Ti system, extremely to a wider Cu-Ti interface in weld metal
ranged from 300 to 350 HV0.5. high hardness was not observed across deposited with a combination of CSC-
Different softening responses to the weld deposit, in spite of the ob- GMAW and GTAW-P processes (as com-
thermal cycles induced by either weld- served presence of second phases at the pared to that deposited with only the
ing of additional layers of Ti weld metal Fe-V interface (Ref. 12). However, the CSC-GMAW process), a wider hard re-
or PWHT were observed in different presence of microcracks at the Fe-V in- gion at the Cu-Ti interface and a lower
welded joints. In the Ni-Ti welded terface may have influenced the results degree of softening induced by the
joints, more softening was induced in of the hardness readings. On the other PWHT were observed, as shown in
the interface and first layer of Ti weld hand, in the Ti-V-Fe system, a high Fig. 7.
deposit by deposition of additional lay- hardness peak was observed at the V-Fe
Side Bend Tests
Table 7 — Bond Shear Strength of the Fe­Cu and Cu­Ti Interfaces in Ti­Clad Steel Welded Joint
Deposited with a Combination of CSC­GMAW and GTAW­P Processes, in the As­Welded, PWHTed,
Most of the bend samples obtained
and Thermal Cycled Conditions from the welded joints failed the bend
test in the as-welded and PWHT con-
Interface Condition Bond Shear Strength MPa (ksi) ditions. Bend samples from the Ni-Ti,
NiCu-Ti, and NiCr-Ti welded joints
Fe-Cu As-welded 204.5 (29.6)
PWHTed 222.6 (32.2) failed primarily along the interlayer-Ti
Thermal cycled 230.0 (33.3) interface and through the Ti weld de-
Cu-Ti As-welded 259.8 (37.6) posits, as shown in Fig. 8. This may be
PWHTed 227.2 (32.9) due to the formation of a wide and
Thermal cycled 231.9 (33.6)
ASTM B898-99 Requirements 137.9 (20.0)
continuous hard interlayer-Ti interface
consisting of second phases, as well as

376-s WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014, VOL. 93


A B
Fig. 14 — A — Stress­displacement curve obtained during the bond shear strength testing of the Fe­Cu interface; B — Cu­Ti interface from
welded joint in the as­welded conditions (combination of CSC­GMAW and GTAW­P processes).
the presence of second phases through
the first Ti layer (Ref. 12). In the NiCr-
Ti interlayer system, second phases
were observed even in the third layer
of Ti weld deposits (Ref. 12). The dis-
tribution of these hard, low-ductility
phases through the weld deposits may
determine the paths of the cracks ob-
served in the tested specimens.
As shown in Fig. 9, a bend sample
obtained from a Ti-V-Fe welded joint
in the PWHT condition showed the
presence of small cracks in the sample;
however, the cracks were perpendicu-
lar to the Ti-V and V-Fe interfaces and
were confined to the V layer. This be-
havior may be due to the microstruc-
tural characteristics and mechanical
properties of these two interfaces. The
Ti-V interface was mainly free of sec-
ond phase precipitation, and was nar-
row and well defined (Ref. 12). The
presence of microcracking in the V-Fe
interface after welding, as shown in
Fig. 10A, may have acted as the nucle-
ation sites for the cracks induced dur-
ing the bend test. The good ductility of
the steel weld metal deposits and of
the Ti-V interfaces may have arrested
the cracks, as shown in Fig. 10B.
The criteria established in the
ASME code Section IX for the evalua-
tion of a bend test as part of qualifica-
tion of a welding procedure indicate
that no crack larger than 3.0 mm (1⁄8
in.) in any direction is allowed. How-
ever, in this specific case, the thick-
ness of the V layer was less than 3.0
mm (1⁄8 in.). As a result, all the cracks
observed in the bend sample were
shorter than 3.0 mm (1⁄8 in.). Therefore,
this bend sample met the require-
ments established by the ASME code.
Additionally, the amount of strain im-
posed during the bend test is larger
than that imposed by most metal-
working processes used during the
manufacturing of a vessel or during
service. However, questions arise re-
garding the unknown behavior of
these microcracks that may be present
at the Fe-V interface during service
and their potential effect on the in-
tegrity of a vessel.
Most of the bend samples obtained
from Cu-Ti welded joints made with the
CSC-GMAW process failed along the Cu-
Ti interface, as shown in Fig. 11. This
behavior may be due to the narrow Cu-
Ti interface, and the low degree of alloy-
ing of Cu in the Ti weld metal deposits
observed in these welded joints (Ref.
12). Cracking was not observed in any
one of the three layers of Ti weld de-
posits. Low dilution of the Ti weld metal
may be responsible for the good ductil-
ity of the Ti weld deposit observed dur-
ing the bend test.
Conversely, the transverse and lon-
gitudinal bend samples obtained from
Cu-Ti welded joints made with a com-
bination of CSC-GMAW and GTAW-P
processes showed the presence of
cracking along the Cu-Ti interface and
cracks in the first Ti layer that were
perpendicular to this interface, as
shown in Fig. 12. This different behav-
ior (compared to the welds made only
with the CSC-GMAW process) may
have resulted from a wider hard Cu-Ti
interface observed in the welded joints
made with a combination of welding
processes. The cracking did not propa-
gate through the complete thickness
of the Ti-weld deposits, which indi-
cates a good ductility of the last two
layers of Ti weld deposited in the
welded joints.
OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 377-s
WELDING RESEARCH
Bond Shear Strength and Effect
of Thermal Cycling
The results of the bond shear
strength testing of the Fe-Cu and Cu-
Ti interfaces in Cu-Ti welded joints
made with a combination of CSC-
GMAW and GTAW-P processes in the
as-welded, PWHT, and thermal-cycled
conditions are listed in Table 7. The
bond shear strength of both interfaces
in all conditions ranged from 204.5 to
259.8 MPa (29.6–37.6 ksi) and is
higher than the requirement of 137.9
MPa (20.0 ksi) established by standard
ASTM B898-99. The shear bond
strength of both interfaces was not af-
fected by thermal cycling.
As shown in Fig. 13A and B, the Fe-
Cu interface did not experience com-
plete separation during testing. The
shear path was located only along the
Cu weld metal deposit. This may have
resulted from the large difference in
strength between the carbon steel sub-
strate and the Cu deposit as indicated
by the microhardness profile shown in
Fig. 7. The small tolerances allowed in
the testing setup may have also con-
tributed to this behavior. Figure 13B
shows the ductile characteristics of the
shear fracture of the Fe-Cu interface.
Conversely, the Cu-Ti interface in the
as-welded and PWHT conditions sepa-
rated completely during the test, as
shown in Fig. 13A and C. The shear path
was located along the Cu-Ti interface.
Although there is also a large difference
in strength between the Cu deposit and
the first Ti layer as shown in Fig. 7, the
configuration of the test setup forced
the fracture to take place along the in-
terface or along the first Ti layer. Figure
13C shows the brittle characteristics of
WELDING RESEARCH
the shear fracture of the Cu-Ti interface;
however, in the thermal-cycled condi-
tion, the Cu-Ti interface did not experi-
ence complete separation.
The strength-displacement curves
obtained during the bond shear tests
also indicate the more ductile behavior
of the Fe-Cu interface as compared to
the behavior observed in the Ti-Cu in-
terface. The Fe-Cu interface shows a
larger displacement under maximum
load as compared to that observed in
the Cu-Ti interface, as shown in Fig. 14.
Based on the experimental observa-
tions, the multilayer approach used in
the Ti-clad steel welded joints resulted
in great improvement in mechanical be-
havior of the welded joints. Even
though none of the weld joints passed
the bend test, the multilayer approach
resulted in an improved ductility as
compare to the high degree of embrit-
tlement normally observed in welds
joining Ti directly to steel, as shown in
Fig. 1. Therefore, it is recommended
that the multilayer approach be further
explored as a way to develop reliable
cost-effective methods of joining or re-
pairing Ti-clad steel plates.
Conclusions
• The interlayer-Ti interface and first
Ti layer show the highest hardness lev-
els in most of the different welded
joints. The maximum hardnesses in the
welded joints made with the Ni-Ti,
NiCu-Ti, and NiCr-Ti interlayers were
607, 568, and 554 HV0.5, respectively.
Some degree of softening was induced
in the Ni-Ti welded joint by the thermal
cycles of additional Ti layers. The PWHT
did not induce a major softening in the
weld metal deposited in these three
welded joints.
• In the V-Ti and Ti-V systems, the
maximum hardnesses of the weld de-
posits at the Fe-V interface were 307
and 409 HV0.5, respectively; however,
the presence of microcracking at that
interface may have affected the hard-
ness reading obtained from the V-Ti in-
terlayer weld deposit.
• The maximum hardnesses ob-
served in the welded joints made with
the Cu-Ti interlayer ranged from
300–350 HV0.5. The high hardness re-
gion observed in the welded joints
made with a combination of CSC-
GMAW and GTAW-P processes was
wider than the region observed in the
378-s WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014, VOL. 93
welded joint made with the CSC-
GMAW process only. As a result of
PWHT, the hardness level through the
weld deposit dropped to approxi-
mately 200 HV0.5.
• Most of the samples obtained from
the welded joints in the as-welded and
PWHTed conditions failed the side bend
test. The samples from the Ni-Ti, NiCu-
Ti, and NiCr-Ti welded joints failed
along the interlayer-Ti interface and
through the Ti weld deposits. In the
samples obtained from the Cu-Ti/(CSC-
GMAW + GTAW-P) welded joint, crack-
ing was observed only along the Cu-Ti
interface and in the first Ti layer. Most
of the samples obtained from Cu-
Ti/CSC-GMAW welded joint failed along
Cu-Ti interface.
• A bend sample obtained from the
Ti-V-Fe system passed the bend test in
the PWHTed condition. The observed
cracks were confined to the V interlayer
and were shorter than 18⁄ in. The effect of
these microcracks on the integrity of
the welded joint during service is not
yet known.
• The shear-bond strength samples
representing the Fe-Cu and the Cu-Ti
interfaces of the welded joints made
with the Cu-Ti interlayer and with a
combination of CSC-GMAW and
GTAW-P processes passed the test in
the as-welded, PWHT, and thermal-cy-
cled conditions. The shear-bond
strength of these interfaces ranges be-
tween 204.4 and 259.8 MPa (29.6 and
37.6 ksi) and was higher than the
137.9 MPa (20.0 ksi) shear-bond
strength required for reactive and re-
fractory metal clad plate by ASTM
standards. The Fe-Cu interface showed
a more ductile behavior than that of
the Cu-Ti interface.
Acknowledgments
This paper was prepared based on
development work supported by DMC
Clad Metal, Materials Technology In-
stitute, and Eastman Chemical, as part
of a group-sponsored project at EWI,
Columbus, Ohio.
References
1. Banker, J. G. 1996. Titanium-steel
explosion clad. Stainless Steel World, (6):
65–69.
2. Hardwick, R. 2001. Advances leading
to the new clads on the future. Stainless
Steel World, pp. 149–154.
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nium/Steel Components, U.S. Patent
5,190,831.
4. Murayama, J., and Komizo, Y. 1991.
Titanium-Clad Steel and a Method for the
Manufacture Thereof, European Patent
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ducing Clad Metal Plate, European Patent
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6. Suenaga, H., Ishikawa, M., and Ni-
nakawa, K. 1993. Method for Manufactur-
ing Titanium Clad Steel Plate, European
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7. Kawanami, T., Shirasuna, S., Shi-
rogane, S., and Segawa, A. 1992. An inves-
tigation of the characteristic of bonding
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’92 Science and Technology, Vol. II, Proceed-
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nium committee on Minerals, Metals and
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at Seventh World Titanium Conference,
San Diego, Calif., edited by F. H. Froes and
I. L. Caplan, pp. 1609–1617.
8. Pin´kovskii, I. V., et al. 1988. Special
features of resistance welding VT1-0 tita-
nium to low carbon steel. Welding Interna-
tional (3): 241, 242.
9. Bellini, L., and Giumelli, R. 1987.
Welding of titanium clad components.
Welding International (2): 155–164.
10. Pocalyko, A. 1987. Fabrication of
explosion-welded titanium-clad compos-
ites. Welding Journal 66(1): 24–30.
11. Titanium, Zirconium, and Tantalum
Clad Steel Construction.
12. Ramirez, J. E. Characterization of
CSC-GMAW Ti-rich weld overlays. Approved
for publication in the Welding Journal.
13. Huismann, G. 2001. Energy based
synergistic MIG control system, IIW Doc.
212-1000-01.
14. Huismann, G. 1999. Introduction of
a new MIG process: Advantages and possi-
bilities. IIW DOC. 212-952-99.
15. Huismann, G. 2000. Direct control
of the material transfer: The controlled
short circuiting (CSC)-MIG process. Pro-
ceedings on GMA for the 21th Century, pp.
165–172, Orlando, Fla.
16. Huismann, G. 2002. Energy based
synergistic pulsed MIG control system.
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Pine Mountain, Ga.
17. Huismann, G. 2001. Advantages in
using the stick out for increasing the burn
off rate in gas metal arc welding. 7th Inter-
national Symposium of Japan Welding Soci-
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18. Ramirez, J. E. Development of join-
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19. ASTM B898: Standard Specification
for Reactive and Refractory Metal Clad Plate.
 WELDING RESEARCH

Flux­Assisted Gas Tungsten Arc and Laser Welding

of Titanium with Cryolite­Containing Fluxes: Arc
Spectroscopy and Corrosion Resistance Studies
Arc temperature and arc force were found to contribute to deeper weld penetration in
flux­assisted gas tungsten arc welding

BY T. A L SABTI, A. A L SHAWAF, AND S. LIU

process, even though it produces high-

quality welds, are the slow production
ABSTRACT rate and shallow weld penetration.
Single-pass welds with GTAW can have
This research compares autogenous welding, welding with a solid welding
around 2–3 mm penetration creating a
wire, and welding with tubular welding wires on CP­titanium using gas tung­
bottleneck in the fabrication process
sten arc (GTA) and laser beam (LB) welding. Commercially pure titanium (CP­
(Refs. 1, 2). In the 1960s, researchers
Ti Grade 2) solid wire and two newly designed flux­cored tubular wires con­
at the E. O. Paton Institute invented
taining cryolite (Na3AlF6) and MgF2 were used. The comparison covers the
the A-TIG process for welding titani-
aspects of weld penetration, arc constriction, arc force, arc emission spectral
um alloys by using oxygen-free activat-
lines, arc temperature, and constituent concentrations in the arc. Laser
ed fluxes that significantly increased
beam welding was performed for comparison since it does not involve arc
weld penetration (Refs. 3, 4). The ob-
plasma as in the GTAW process. Also, this research investigated two mecha­
served deep penetration was attrib-
nisms for weld penetration, arc constriction, and Marangoni convection,
uted to arc constriction and increase
which were suggested in previous literature as the driving mechanisms for
in current density. Fluorides of alkali
the deeper weld penetration observed with the use of fluxes. Flux­assisted
and alkali/earth metals were found to
gas tungsten arc welding is also known as activated tungsten inert gas (A­
be effective in increasing weld pene-
TIG) welding. This work concluded that mainly arc temperature and arc force
tration in titanium alloys with obser-
contributed to the deeper weld penetration. Surface­tension­driven flow
vation of arc constriction (Refs. 5, 6).
(Marangoni convection) was found not to contribute to the weld penetration
Welding arc plasma is complex and
increase observed with increasing cryolite content. Immersion corrosion test
difficult to investigate. One of the bet-
results on the A­TIG weld specimens in separate 3.5% sodium chloride (NaCl)
ter techniques that can determine the
and 0.1% phosphoric acid (H3PO4) solutions for 800 h, particularly in terms
concentrations of arc constituents and
of mass loss, compared favorably with the autogenous welds.
estimate arc temperature is arc emis-
sion spectroscopy. The concept of arc
spectroscopy is to measure the intensi-
ty (emission coefficient) of the light
KEYWORDS (at specific wavelengths) emitted by
the arc plasma. An atom, an ion, or
• Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) • A­TIG electrons at high temperature will be-
• Cryolite­Containing Fluxes • Marangoni Convection come excited, shifting from one ener-
• Laser Beam Welding • Arc Spectrometer • Immersion Corrosion Test gy state to another of higher energy,
e.g., from L shell to M shell in the case
of the electrons. Following the excita-
superior mechanical and corrosion tion process, the metastable particles
Introduction decay, dropping from the higher ener-
properties. The main welding process
for titanium alloys is gas tungsten arc gy state to a lower energy state. Under
The use of titanium alloys has been set conditions, the decay of an elec-
expanding in the aerospace, power- welding (GTAW), also known as tung-
sten inert gas (TIG) welding. The ma- tron from a shell at a higher energy
generation, medical, chemical plants, state (E1) to a lower energy shell (E2),
and marine applications due to their jor shortcomings of the GTAW
as shown in Fig. 1, will be accompa-

T. ALSABTI is with Consulting Services Department, Saudi Aramco, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A. ALSHAWAF is with Saudi Basic Industrial Corp. (SABIC), Al Jubail,
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. S. LIU is with Colorado School of Mines, Center for Welding, Joining and Coatings Research, Golden, Colo.

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 379-s

WELDING RESEARCH

Fig. 1 — Illustration of excitation and decay of electron in energy Fig. 2 — As­welded GTA (autogenous and solid wire) and A­
states in electronic structure in atoms or ions (Ref. 7). TIG welds (Wires 15 and 45).

Fig. 3 — Arc constriction observed in the GTA and A­TIG welds.

nied by the emission of a monochro- decay. Each decay

matic light according to the following
equations (Refs. 7, 8):
E1 – E2 = E = hv
c = v
where E is the change in energy, h is
Planck’s constant, v is the frequency of
the emitted light,  is the wavelength,
and c is the speed of light. The emitted
light will have a specific wavelength as
determined by the energy change as-
sociated with the electron during its
Table 1 —GTA Welding Parameters
GTA Welding Parameters
Machine
Current
Travel Speed
Shielding Gas Type and Flow
Electrode Type and Size
Electrode Tip Preparation
Arc Length
Table 2 — Laser Welding Parameters
Laser Welding Parameters
Type/Mode
Power/Focus
Travel Speed
Shielding Gas Type and Flow
Wire Feed Rate
event in a given
atom has a charac-
teristic wavelength
(1) of light associated Fig. 4 — Cross­section macrograph of the GTA and A­TIG
with it. It is the welding.
(2) unique emitted
spectra by certain
decay events that allow for detection tration in titanium by nearly 200%
of the elements within an arc. over fluxes without the fluoride. In
It has been shown by Bang, their work, MgF2 was used as an addi-
Chirieleison, and Liu (Ref. 1) that in- tion into CaF2, BaCl2, AlF3, and NaF.
creasing amounts of a simple fluoride, The mechanism in this case was attrib-
MgF2, both in paste and flux cored uted to arc constriction. They ex-
wire form, increased weld bead pene- plained that as the amount of flux va-
por entering the weld zone increases,
the thermal conductivity of the arc in-
creases and the arc constricts. This ex-
planation was supported by research
conducted by Zamkov, Prilutsky, and
Gurevich (Ref. 5). In addition, the elec-
Miller Dynasty 350 (GTA) trical conductivity of the arc will de-
180 A crease with an increase in flux vapor
3 mm/s due to the trapping of electrons in the
Argon (UHP G5.0), 0.275 L/s
2% Thoriated, 3.2 mm outer peripheral region of the arc. In
45-deg included angle this region, temperatures are generally
5 mm not high enough to fully dissociate
atoms into ions. The flux vapor exists
as molecules that can attract free elec-
trons to form negatively charged parti-
cles. The degree of arc constriction will
then depend on how effectively the va-
Yb-Fiber Laser continuous wave mode/ Conduction mode porized molecules can trap these elec-
1100 W/5 mm (under plate surface) trons. Bang, Chirieleison, and Liu (Ref.
3 mm/s 1) also noticed the presence of titani-
Argon (UHP G4.5), 0.157 L/s um spectra lines when welding with
13 mm/s (Solid CP Ti-G2 wire)
4 mm/s (Wires 15 & 45) MgF2-containing fluxes. Without the
addition of MgF2, the spectra lines of

380-s WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014, VOL. 93

 WELDING RESEARCH

Fig. 5 — Weld penetration comparison for different fluoride flux Fig. 6 — Arc force vs. weld penetration.
systems.

titanium were absent. Hillier, Liu, and of the two process- A

Roepke (Ref. 2) investigated the ef- es would elucidate
fects of cryolite, which contains more the effects of arc
F- ions in its formula than MgF2. plasma on weld
Compared to MgF2 flux pastes, welds penetration. An
using cryolite pastes proved to be Ocean Optics USB
more effective, netting up to two 4000 spectrometer
times deeper penetration and depth- was used to record
to-width ratio. Thus, cryolite can be the arc emission
considered a strong ingredient in an wavelengths and
activating flux. relative intensities. B
This work attempted to character- The arcs were also
ize the effects of cryolite and distin- photographed for
guish the effects of arc constriction, subsequent analy-
arc force, and Marangoni convection sis. The detector
on Ti weld penetration. Parallel to the range was between
welding study, a corrosion study was 200 and 1100 nm.
also carried out to determine the cor- The collimating
rosion resistance of these A-TIG welds lens size was 5 mm.
by comparing them to the autogenous Other experimen-
welds and base metal. tal data are listed
in Table 3.
Experimental Procedure Fig. 7 — As­welded condition with the laser welding process.
Results and
Welding experiments were con- Discussion
ducted to examine the effects of se- trogen pickup can also be seen indicat-
lected fluxes on penetration in com- ing that impurities such as oxygen and
mercially-pure titanium (CP-Ti). Results of GTAW nitrogen may be present and negative-
Commercially-pure titanium (Grade Experiments ly affect the mechanical and corrosion
2) solid wire and two tubular cored properties of the A-TIG welds. The im-
wires containing cryolite in different The as-welded GTA and A-TIG mersion corrosion test results are dis-
proportions [15% (Wire 15) and 45% welds are shown in Fig. 2. The welds in cussed at the end of this section.
(Wire 45)] in a base flux that con- general showed good bead morpholo- The arc plasmas for the autogenous,
tained 15% MgF2 were manufactured gy. Some evidence of oxidation and ni- Wire 15, and Wire 45 welds were pho-
and tested. CaF2, BaCl2, AlF3, and
NaF were the remaining ingredients Table 4 — Arc Constriction Data for the
in the fluxes. Autogenous GTAW was Table 3 — Experimental Data
Experimental Welds
done as reference (Table 1). Compari-
Plate Thickness 5.1 mm
son between these two sets of welds Wire Diameter 1.57 mm Weld Case Arc Constriction %
would clarify the effects of the acti- Wire Feed Rate 13 mm/s (Solid CP Ti-G2
Area Method Line Method
vating flux on weld penetration. wire)
Aside from A-TIG, laser beam welding 4 mm/s (Wires 15 & 45) Autogenous 0 0
Position of Feed Introduced into the front Wire 15 21.0 7.5
(LBW) was also done (Table 2). Since of arc Wire 45 5.5 0
LBW does not involve any significant
arc plasma, it was hoped comparison

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 381-s

WELDING RESEARCH
Fig. 8 — Cross­section macrograph of the laser welding process.
Table 5 — Weld Penetration Data for the
measured and Fig. 9 — Variation of the weld depth­to­autogenous weld
recorded in Table 5. depth ratio as a function of cryolite addition in the flux.
Experimental Welds
Wire 45 was found
Weld Case Width (mm) Penetration to have produced
Depth, mm the highest weld penetration of 3.5
Autogenous 5.5 2.2 mm followed by Wire 15 of 2.9 mm.
Ti-CP G2 7.0 0.6 The autogenous weld penetration
Wire 15 6.0 2.9 measured only 2.2 mm. So, as the
Wire 45 7.1 3.5 content of the complex fluoride (cry-
olite) increased, the weld penetration
Table 6 — Weld Penetration for Laser Welding also increased, which confirmed re-
Process search work by Hillier et al. (Ref. 2).
Figure 5 shows a summary of weld
Weld Case Width (mm) Penetration penetration of this research work using
Depth (mm) A-TIG wires (15% and 45% cryolite +
15% MgF2), the A-TIG wires (15, 30, 45,
Autogenous 7.5 3.9
Ti-CP G2 5.4 3.0 and 60% cryolite) reported by Hillier et
Wire 15 4.8 2.3 al. (Ref. 2), and the A-TIG wires (15, 30,
Wire 45 5.5 2.7 and 60% MgF2) from the research work
of Bang, Chirieleison, and Liu (Ref. 1).
tographed for comparison, as shown in The weld penetration of Wire 15 (com-
Fig. 3. Arc constriction was measured by bined 15% cryolite and 15% MgF2) was
two methods. The first was measuring higher than the 15% MgF2 and 15%
the area of the cross section of the arc, cryolite, respectively. On the other
as marked in Fig. 3. The second method hand, the weld penetration of 30% cryo-
measured the length of the horizontal lite was higher by around 1 mm than
line, i.e., the arc width, in the middle of the 30% MgF2 weld. Also, the weld pen-
the arc length. Wire 15 showed greater etration of 45% cryolite is much higher
arc constriction than Wire 45 in both than Wire 45 (45% cryolite + 15%
methods, as shown in Table 4. Wire 15 MgF2) and 60% MgF2, respectively.
exhibited 21% arc constriction as com- Thus, increases in Na3AlF6 played a
pared to 5.5% for Wire 45 in the area definite role in penetration. Overall,
measurement method. Using the line mixed Na3AlF6 plus MgF2 fluxes in-
measurement method, Wire 15 showed creased penetration over the MgF2 ad-
7.5% arc constriction whereas no arc dition alone, but did not promote deep-
constriction was observed for Wire 45. er penetration than single cryolite or
The welds were cross sectioned, magnesium fluoride additions at higher
polished, and etched to measure the concentrations. Cryolite promoted
greater penetration than the other flux
weld penetration, as shown in Fig. 4.
Kroll’s reagent, containing 6 vol-% ingredients when added at 30 and 45%.
HNO3, 2 vol-% HF, and 92 vol-% dis-
tilled water, was used for etching. The Effect of Arc Force
weld penetration for each case was
382-s WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014, VOL. 93
The arc force mechanism was inves-
tigated by measuring the R2/R1 ratios
from the photographed arcs of the au-
togenous, Wire 15, and Wire 45 welds
from this research work as well as the
arcs from the welds by Hillier et al.
The R2/R1 ratios were calculated by
using the following arc force equation
(the equation Converti) (Refs. 8–10):
μ I2 ⎛ R2 ⎞
F = 0 ⎜ 1 + 2 ln ⎟ (3)
8π ⎝ R1 ⎠
where I is the welding current, 0 is
the permeability of free space, R1 is
the radius of the arc where it contacts
the welding electrode, R2 is the radius
of the arc where it contacts the base
plate. The arc force was plotted vs.
the weld penetration of each case in
Fig. 6. Despite the scatter in the data,
a clear relationship can be seen be-
tween arc force and weld penetration.
Increasing arc force increased weld
penetration. This finding is contrary
to the results reported by Burleigh
and Eagar (Ref. 11) who did not find
any correlation between the arc forces
and weld penetration of several flux
systems (Refs. 12–15).
Results of Laser Welding
Process Experiments
The welds made by the laser welding
process in conduction mode are shown
in Fig. 7. The laser welding process was
chosen to eliminate the effect of arc

Fig. 10 — Emission spectral line peaks from autogenous weld.
Fig. 12 — Emission spectral line peaks from Wire 15 weld.
constriction in an attempt to clarify
whether Marangoni convection is pres-
ent in these welds. Increasing weld pen-
etration in these experiments would in-
dicate a contribution of surface-tension-
driven flow. The consumable in the
form of a wire was laid on top of the
plate prior to laser irradiation. The laser
beam was then rastered over the wire
and the plate. Total melting of the wire
and wetting of the plate was observed.
The welds were sectioned, polished, and
etched, and the cross sections are
shown in Fig. 8.
Table 6 lists the weld penetration of
each case. It was observed that the weld
made using Wire 45 had slightly deeper
penetration (2.7 mm) than the Wire 15
weld (2.3 mm). However, weld penetra-
tions that resulted from both of the A-
TIG wires were lower than those of the
solid Ti-CP G2 wire (3.0 mm) and the
autogenous laser weld (3.9 mm). The
reason for having lower weld penetra-
tion for all three wires than for the au-
togenous laser weld is likely because of
the placement of the wire on top of the
test plate. By positioning the wire on
top of the test plate, most of the laser
Fig. 11 — Major spectra peaks across autogenous weld.
Fig. 13 — Major spectra peaks across Wire 15 weld.
power was consumed in the melting of
the wire and little was left for the melt-
ing of the base plate to form the weld
pool, thus the shallower welds. It also
appeared that the flux cored wires ab-
sorbed more energy from the laser
beam than the solid wire, which would
explain why the A-TIG welds have lower
weld penetration than the solid Ti-CP
G2 wire.
Figure 9 shows the calculated weld
depths normalized by the autogenous
weld depth for both A-TIG and laser
welding. The normalized depths for
the laser welding remained practically
unchanged despite increasing cryolite
content. Contrarily, the A-TIG welds
showed normalized weld depths in-
crease with increasing cryolite addi-
tion. Thus, it can be concluded that
Marangoni convection did not have
any significant contribution as a driv-
ing mechanism in increasing weld pen-
etration. This finding is supported by
the findings of Howes and Lucas (Ref.
16). Using A-TIG pastes for stainless
steel by laser and electron beam weld-
ing, they concluded that A-TIG fluxes
are effective only for welds done by arc
OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 383-s
WELDING RESEARCH
and plasma welding processes.
Temperature and Concentration
Calculation Results
The spectral lines data collected by
arc spectrometer from the autogenous
GTA weld, and the A-TIG welds with
Wires 15 and 45 were processed and
mapped in Figs. 10–14. Using a Math-
ematica program, the spectral line
emission data collected from each weld
case were processed and used to deter-
mine the temperature of the arc and
the concentrations of arc constituents
by the off-axis peak method (Fowler-
Milne Method). The asymmetrical be-
havior in the spectral peaks in these
figures is most likely due to the single
scanning of the arc position. The emis-
sion data were collected from individ-
ual slices of the arc along the line of
sight of the spectrometer. Note that
continual scanning of the entire cross
section of the arc would have allowed
for the Abel Inversion calculation and
captured the entire arc emission sig-
nals to result in a more symmetrical
distribution in the spectral peaks.
WELDING RESEARCH
Fig. 14 — Emission spectral line peaks from Wire 45 weld.
Fig. 16 — Arc temperature profile.
However, single scans like the ones de-
scribed in this work are still useful to
gain insight to the arc during titanium
welding. Neutral argon (Ar I) spectral
lines were dominant for the autoge-
nous welding arc, as indicated in Fig.
8. In addition, very low intensity spec-
tral lines of ionized argon (Ar II) and
titanium vapor (Ti I) are visible in
Figs. 10 and 11. Despite the molten ti-
tanium weld pool, little titanium vapor
was absorbed above the weld. Figure
11 plots the emission coefficients for
specific wavelengths for Ar I from one
edge of the arc to the other. In com-
parison, Wire 15 has more spectral
lines for other constituents such as
first ionized titanium (Ti II), neutral
vanadium (V I), neutral sodium (Na I),
and neutral magnesium (Mg I), as
shown in Figs. 12 and 13.
Spectral lines of other constituents
such as neutral aluminum (Al I) might
be hidden behind the lines of the oth-
er elements mentioned earlier. This
384-s WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014, VOL. 93
Fig. 15 — Major spectra peaks across Wire 45 weld.
Fig. 17 — Autogenous welding arc constituent concentrations.
limitation is partly due to the low res-
olution of the specific arc spectrome-
ter used. The collimating lens size of
5.0 mm was much larger than the
condition of “not more than 0.25
mm” that Hiraoka (Ref. 17) had sug-
gested in order to limit the error of
line intensities within 3%. The spec-
tral lines of fluorides were difficult to
observe because of their higher ener-
gy levels and that the transition prob-
abilities are lower than those of
metallic constituents such as magne-
sium or sodium. As for Wire 45, more
constituents are found in the arc as
well as higher intensities as shown in
Figs. 14 and 15. First ionized titani-
um (Ti II) lines were noticed and they
had higher intensity than the neutral
titanium (Ti I) lines. Also, neutral
sodium (Na I) lines were increased
across the weld in general. The neu-
tral sodium came mainly from the
dissociation of cryolite (Refs. 18–20).
The asymmetric distribution of the
different species, e.g., Ar I and Na I, is
a reflection of the fact that spectral
data collection was from a slice of the
arc and not considering the entire arc
column. (Refs. 21–23).
Figure 16 shows the arc tempera-
ture of each weld case. At the center
of the weld, the autogenous welding
arc had the lowest temperature of
around 17,500 K. The Wire 15 weld-
ing arc temperature was approximate-
ly 2800 K higher at the center of the
arc and the weld penetration was
around 0.6 mm deeper than the auto-
genous welds. The Wire 45 welding
arc was approximately 5000 K higher
than the Wire 15 arc and the weld
penetration was around 0.6 mm
deeper. A possible explanation for
this behavior is the greater contribu-
tion of arc temperature observed in
Wire 45. The arc force calculated for
the two welding wires were quite sim-
ilar, 0.0042 N for Wire 15 and 0.0045
N for Wire 45, implying that the
 WELDING RESEARCH

Fig. 18 — Wire 15 welding arc constituent concentrations. Fig. 19 — Wire 45 welding arc constituent concentrations.

Table 7 — Comparison between Wires 15 and 45

Wire 15 Wire 45
Arc Constriction 21% 5.5%
Arc Force 0.0042 N 0.0045 N
Arc Temperature 20177 K 25177 K
Weld Penetration 2.9 mm 3.5 mm
(A-TIG)
Weld Penetration 2.3 mm 2.7 mm
(Laser)

Table 8 — Corrosion Rate Based on Equation 4

in mm/year
0.1% H3PO4 3.5% NaCl
Base Plate 0.1 0.05
HAZ Weld HAZ
GTAW-AUT 0.1 0.1 0.1
GTAW-Ti-CP G2 0.2 0.2 0.1
A-TIG-45 0.2 0.2 0.1
A-TIG-15 0.2 0.2 0.1
LAS-Ti-CP G2 0.2 0.2 0.1
LAS-AUT 0.1 0.1 0.1
LAS-45 0.1 0.2 0.1
LAS-15 0.2 0.1 0.1

contribution of arc force in weld

depth for these two welds would be
similar. As for concentrations of the
arc constituents, the autogenous weld
contained approximately 80% neutral
argon (Ar I) and 20% first ionized ar-
gon (Ar II) in the center of the weld.
The second ionized argon (Ar III) and
neutral titanium (Ti I) made up about
0.2% of the arc in the center of the
weld, as shown in Fig. 17. The neutral
argon (Ar I) percentage in the arc in-
creased with increasing distance from
the center of the arc — Fig. 17. The
first ionized argon (Ar II) decreased
gradually until 3.6 mm away from the
center of the arc.
The concentration of the con-
Fig. 20 — The average mass gain in both solutions compared to the titanium base plate.
stituents of the Wire 15 arc (Fig. 18)
shows decreasing neutral argon con-
centration from 70% at the center of
the weld to 55% at 3.3 mm away from
the center, mainly due to the increase
of neutral sodium to around 24%. At
distances greater than 5.0 mm from
the center of the arc, only Ar I was
observed. The concentrations of neu-
tral and first ionized titanium, neu-
tral vanadium, and neutral magne-
sium all increase in the core of the
arc. The concentration of the first
ionized titanium also increased to
5.5% as compared to 0.6% concentra-
tion of neutral titanium. The arc data
on ionized titanium support the high-
er calculated arc temperatures. The
Wire 45 weld (Fig. 19) shows a larger
number of constituents present and
higher concentration percentages for
the metallic constituents in the arc
than Wire 15 (Table 7). Neutral and
first ionized barium were also ob-
served in the arc due to its high tem-
perature (Refs. 24, 25).

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 385-s

WELDING RESEARCH
Immersion Corrosion Test of
Titanium in NaCl and H3PO4
Environment at 25°C
The corrosion resistance of titani-
um is based on the presence of a sta-
ble, continuous, and adherent oxide
layer. This layer forms spontaneously
and immediately upon exposure to
oxygen. If damaged, it re-forms readily
as long as there is some source of oxy-
gen (air or moisture) in the environ-
ment (Ref. 26).
The immersion corrosion test was
conducted according to NACE
TM0169/G31-12a. Samples were ex-
tracted from both the laser and GTA
welding processes and then prepared
by grinding on No. 120 abrasive SiC
paper. Each zone of the weld was stud-
ied separately because some welds may
be cathodic or anodic to the base metal
and may affect the corrosion rate. Cor-
rosion of welded specimens is normal-
ly localized and not representative of
the entire surface. The test duration
was 800 h. Samples were weighed us-
ing an electronic analytical balance.
The weights of polished and dried
samples before immersion and washed
and dried samples after immersion
were measured and the mean values
determined. All samples gained mass
because of the titanium oxide forma-
tion. The average mass gain is 2 to 5
mg depending on the solution, as
shown in Fig. 20. The corrosion rates
of the samples were also calculated us-
ing the following equation:
Corrosion rate = (K  W)/(A  T  D) (4)
where K is a constant equal to 8.76 
104, T is time of exposure in hours, A is
area in cm2, W is mass loss in grams,
and D is density (Ti = 4.54 g/cm3). The
corrosion rates calculated according to
this equation for titanium in sodium
chloride solution and in phosphoric acid
solution are shown in Table 8. As a re-
sult of the sample mass gain, the corro-
sion products of the titanium must have
deposited and attached on the Ti sam-
ple surface. The above results seem to
corroborate the formation of titanium
oxide phosphate on titanium surface in
phosphoric acid. This observation is
supported by a number of experimental
results in literature as follows: by nu-
clear reaction analysis, Ferdjani et al.
(Ref. 27) found phosphate incorpora-
386-s WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014, VOL. 93
tion in titanium oxide formed by an- Conclusion
odization in 3.0 mol/L H3PO4 solution;
by qualitative EDS analysis, Krasicka-
Cydzik (Ref. 28) found titanium phos- Arc constriction, arc force, and arc
phate deposit in the form of an amor- temperature are confirmed to be the
driving mechanisms of the A-TIG
phous thin layer in anodized commer-
welding process. As the cryolite con-
cially pure titanium in 0.5 mol/L phos-
tent in the flux increases, the weld
phoric acid; by FT-IR study, Narayanan
penetration, arc force, and arc temper-
et al. (Ref. 29) also showed the presence
ature increase as well. The increase in
of titanium oxide phosphate in the tita-
arc temperature led to increases in arc
nium surface anodized in 0.3 mol/L
constituent concentrations. The arc
phosphoric acid.
constricts with the increase of cryolite
From the experiments, the corro-
content in the flux up to a certain per-
sion resistance of the titanium base
centage and then decreases with fur-
plate and all laser and GTA welded ti-
ther cryolite addition. Comparison be-
tanium samples was higher in the
tween the depths of the activated and
NaCl solution than in the H3PO4 solu-
autogenous welds showed Marangoni
tion. The mass gain in the NaCl solu-
convection does not have a significant
tion was around 2 mg while it was
contribution as a driving force in the
around 5 mg in the H3PO4. It was no-
weld penetration. It was found that arc
ticed that GTA welded Ti-CP G2 sam-
constriction and arc temperature are
ples had the highest mass gain (~ 5
the two dominant driving mechanisms
mg) in the H3PO4 solution followed
in weld penetration for fluxes of lower
by the fluoride-containing wires and
cryolite contents. As for fluxes with
then the base plate with the autoge-
higher cryolite contents, the arc tem-
nous weld samples. The mass gain for
perature is the main mechanisms for
the laser weld and heat-affected zone
weld penetration. Finally, Wires 45
samples for Ti-CP G2 was about 4 mg
and 15 produced welds with much bet-
while it reached 5 mg when GTAW was
ter corrosion resistance than Ti-CP
used. It was noticed previously in the
G2. For all three wires and autogenous
GTA and laser welding discussion sec-
welds, the phosphoric acid solution
tions that the solid wire (Ti-CP G2) ab-
caused greater corrosion than the
sorbed more energy (compared to the
sodium chloride solution.
flux cored wires) from the laser beam
to result in deeper penetration. Less
penetration resulted from the GTAW
process. It seems that the level of en- References
ergy absorption from both welding
processes does not much affect the
corrosion resistance of the solid wire
1. Bang, K. S., Chirieleison, G., and Liu,
(Ti-CP G2). Rather, it is more related
S. 2005. Gas tungsten arc welding of titani-
to the chemical composition and the um using flux cored wire with magnesium
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the higher the purity of CP Ti, the and Joining 10(5): 617–623.
greater the corrosion resistance. The 2. Hillier, C., Liu, M., Roepke, C., and
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purity levels, has been widely used be-
and flux-cored wires. Proceeding of the AWS
cause it is capable of performing well
Welding Show, Chicago, Ill.
in many critical corrosion applications
3. Howse, D. H., and Lucas, W. 2000. An
such as marine environments and
investigation into arc constriction by ac-
chemical processing. In seawater, it is
tive fluxes for TIG (A-TIG) welding. Science
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higher corrosion rate than the laser Melton, G., Raghunathan, S., and Vilarin-
welds. The autogenous welds in both ho, L. O. 2009. Investigation of the A-TIG
mechanism and the productivity benefit in
welding processes showed the lowest
TIG welding. Proceedings of the 15th Inter-
corrosion rate. It can be concluded
national Conference on the Joining of Materi-
that the corrosion resistance of the
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5. Gurevich, S. 1970. U.S. Patent
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3,551,218.
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9. Modenesi, P. J., Apolinario, E. R., and
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tivating flux — Increasing the perform-
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a welding arc. Metallurgical Transactions A
14A: 1223, 1224.
12. Chirieleison, G. M. 2004. The effect
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13. Lu, S., Fujii, H., Sugiyama, H., Tana-
ka, M., and Nogi, K. 2002. Weld penetra-
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fects of flux containing fluorides on TIG
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investigation into arc constriction by active
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method for the spectral temperature meas-
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of hydrogen reduction mechanism in steel
weld metal by means of fluoride additions
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turing titanium flux-cored arc welding
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layer development during formation of
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6Al-4V, Structural and corrosion aspects.
Corrosion Science 49: 542–558.
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datasheet.aspx?i=101&E=266. Sept. 25,
2013.

Call for Papers

JOM­18
18th International Conference on Joining Materials
Institute for the Joining of Materials in association with IIW
Helsingør, Denmark, April 26–29, 2015

Download the brochure detailing topics, expenses, and registration form at:
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Review the brochure for conference topics. E-mail a title and short abstract of your paper before Nov. 2, 2014.
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OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 387-s

WELDING RESEARCH

Learning Human Welder Movement in Pipe GTAW:

A Virtualized Welding Approach
A human welder’s speed adjustment under different welding
currents was established through virtualized welding

BY Y. K. LIU, Z. SHAO, AND Y. M. ZHANG

wb and positive reinforcement hb —

ABSTRACT Fig. 2. Welding robots are preferred in
many applications since they outper-
Robotic welding is often preferred for its outperformance over human welders who
form human welders whose perform-
are subject to physical limitations to maintain the needed consistency. Unfortunately, in­
dustrial welding robots are basically articulated arms with a preprogrammed set of ance degrades because of their physi-
movements, lacking the intelligence skilled human welders possess. This paper aims to cal limitations (inconsistent concen-
present a virtualized welding system that enables learning from human welder tration, fatigue, stress, and long-term
intelligence for transferring into a welding robot. In particular, a 6­DOF UR­5 industrial health issues). Unfortunately, current
robot arm equipped with sensors observed the welding process and performed actual industrial welding robots are basically
welding. A human welder operated a virtualized welding torch to adjust the welding articulated arms with a prepro-
speed based on the visual feedback from the sensors, and the motion of the virtualized grammed set of movements, and they
torch was recorded and tracked by the robot arm. Nine such teleoperated welding exper­ lack the intelligence skilled human
iments were conducted on pipe using gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) under different welders possess. They require preci-
welding currents to correlate the welding speed to the welding current. Robotic welding
sion prepared workpieces with little
experiments, with the robot travel speed determined per the given welding current from
the resultant correlation, verified that for top part of the pipe between 11 and 1 o’clock, variation in geometry and material
adjusting the welding speed per the current used is adequate to generate acceptable properties. Therefore, their applica-
welds. The obtained correlation between the welding speed and welding current could tions are mostly limited to assembly
be used in human­machine cooperative control. It may also provide a constraint for auto­ lines for mass-produced products,
mated welding process control. A foundation is thus established to utilize human intelli­ such as automobiles, where workpiece
gence and transfer it to welding robots. preparation is controllable at reason-
able costs.
However, as outlined in the nation-
KEYWORDS al robotic report (Ref. 2), the trend in
manufacturing is to produce cus-
• Virtualized Welding • Welding Robots • Gas Tungsten Arc tomized products in small batches
Welding (GTAW) • Pipe Welding where ideal automated production
lines are not cost effective. As such,
welding robots that possess intelli-
Introduction GTAW is commonly used in industry, gence comparable to skilled welders
especially for applications where feed- but with fewer physical restrictions
Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) back from the process may help to and that can work in harsh environ-
(Ref. 1) is the primary process used for maintain weld quality and overcome ments will be one of the keys to main-
precise joining of metals. The GTAW possible process variations. In this taining a competitive manufacturing
process is illustrated in Fig. 1. An arc is process, skilled welders can often industry despite relatively high labor
established between the nonconsum- make adjustments based on their costs/wages. The resultant intelligent
able tungsten electrode and the base observation of the liquid weld pool welding robots may also help resolve
metal. The base metal is melted by the surface. the skilled welder shortage issue the
arc forming a liquid weld pool that Those real-time adjustments often manufacturing industry is currently
joins the two pieces of base metal to- lead to desired weld bead geometry facing.
gether after solidification. Manual characterized by backside bead width In this research, a novel human-

Y. K. LIU and Y. M. ZHANG (yuming.zhang@uky.edu) are with the Institute for Sustainable Manufacturing and Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky. Z. SHAO is with Adaptive Intelligent Systems LLC, Lexington, Ky.

388-s WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014 , VOL. 93

 WELDING RESEARCH

Fig. 2 — Weld pool and complete joint penetration.

Fig. 1 — Illustration of GTAW.

machine cooperative welding para- thus consider-

digm, virtualized welding (Ref. 3), is
utilized to transfer human intelligence
to welding robots. In this framework,
a welding robot working in the actual
welding environment was augmented
with sensors to observe the workpiece
and reconstruct the 3D weld pool sur-
face. The obtained data from the sen-
sors as feedback from an actual weld-
ing process is viewed by a human
welder in a virtualized welding envi-
ronment, and the welder adjusts the
welding parameters accordingly. The
data and adjustments would also be
recorded/analyzed to model how the
welder responded to the 3D weld pool
surface, which is believed to be the
major source of feedback information
a welder may acquire during the weld-
ing process, to enable transformation
of human intelligence to the welding
robot to form autonomous intelligent
welding robots. This research serves as
the first study in modeling and analyz-
ing human adjustment using the pro-
posed virtualized welding platform.
Major welding parameters in manu-
al GTAW include welding current,
welding speed, torch orientation, and
arc length. In a particular automated
control system, however, only a few
selected parameters should be adjust-
ed to compensate against the effects
from possible variations in the
process. Among all the major welding
parameters, an increase in the welding
current and a decrease in the welding
speed will significantly increase the
heat input into the welding process,
ably influencing
the weld pool
surface geome-
try. In the au-
thors’ previous
studies (Refs.
4–6), welding
current was uti-
lized to control Fig. 3 — General view of the virtualized welding system. It con­
the welding sists of a real welding workstation and virtual welding worksta­
tion. Data communication between these two workstations is
process. Howev-
through Ethernet.
er, in many pipe
welding applica-
tions, the pipe is
often fixed and cannot be rotated dur-
ing welding (e.g., 5G fixed position,
that is, the axis of the pipes is horizon-
tal; the pipe stays stationary during
welding; and the welding torch will be
moving along the weld joint (Ref. 7).
Normally, welders choose a prede-
fined welding current and move the
torch along the pipe since the move-
ment of the torch can be conveniently
adjusted by a human welder to over-
come the effects from variations. In
this study, a welder’s movement along
the welding direction was studied. Al-
though other welding parameters
(such as torch orientation and arc
length) can certainly have an impact
on the welding process, for the top
part of the pipe, controlling the weld-
ing speed, as confirmed by experi-
ments, is sufficient to generate satis-
factory welds.
The learned correlation between
the welding current and welder’s cor-
responding movement (i.e., the weld-
ing speed) can be used for human-
machine cooperative controlled pipe
welding applications where an un-
skilled human welder operates a virtu-
alized welding torch determining the
welding speed while the welding ma-
chine could compensate for his/her in-
correct movement by adjusting the
welding current. For automated weld-
ing machines that need to simultane-
ously control the frontside weld pool
characteristic parameters and backside
weld penetration by adjusting welding
current and speed, the proposed corre-
lation could also provide an
interval/constraint for welding process
input parameters, which will then be
utilized to calculate the optimized
welding current and speed.
The remainder of the paper is or-
ganized as follows: In the next section,
related work is detailed. In the third
section, an overview of the virtual
welding system is provided. In the
fourth section, experimentation is de-
tailed and data from nine teleoperated

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL389-s

WELDING RESEARCH
A B
C tomated welding.
While the back-
side bead width
(illustrated in Fig.
2) that quantifies
the weld joint
penetration is di-
rectly observable
from the backside
of the workpiece,
topside sensors
that may be con-
veniently at-
tached to the
welding torch are
preferred. Vari-
ous topside sen-
sors have been
proposed based
Fig. 4 — UR­5 robot arm and sensing system. A — UR­5 robot on pool oscilla-
arm with a compact 3D weld pool surface sensing system; B—
tion (Ref. 8), ul-
detailed view of the compact sensing system; C — reconstructed
3D surface of a convex mirror (Ref. 40). trasonic (Ref. 9),
infrared (Refs.
10, 11), radi-
welding experiments are presented/ ographic (Ref. 12), and other methods.
analyzed. A linear correlation was The vision-based sensing method,
found between welding current and however, is more direct and promi-
speed. Automated welding experi- nent. The weld pool geometry is be-
ments were conducted under different lieved to provide valuable insights into
welding currents, in which the pro- the state of the welding process.
posed correlation was utilized to calcu- Several 3D weld pool measurement
late the welding speed needed for each methods have been proposed, includ-
welding current. Experimental results ing model-based reconstruction (Ref.
are presented in the fifth section, fol- 13), stereo-vision measurement (Refs.
lowed by conclusions. 14, 15), shape from shading (Refs. 16,
17), and structured light-based sens-
Related Work ing (Refs. 18, 19). Depending on the
sensing method used, the welding
Welding process sensing and con- process control systems can also be
trol are fundamental problems in au- categorized into pool oscillation-based
390-s WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014 , VOL. 93
control (Ref. 20), radiography-based
control (Ref. 21), thermal-based con-
trol (Refs. 22, 23), and vision-based
control (Refs. 24–31).
Among all the above control meth-
ods, the vision-based control method
is more direct as an emulation of the
estimation and decision-making
process of a human welder. Zhang
(Refs. 25, 26) proposed an adaptive
predictive and neuro-fuzzy model-
based control algorithm to control the
frontside weld pool width and back-
side bead width. Chen (Refs. 27, 28)
proposed a self-learning fuzzy neural
network controller to simultaneously
control the weld pool length and
width. Tsai (Ref. 29) proposed an au-
tomatic pulsed GTA pipe welding sys-
tem with fuzzy control technique to
control the width of the pool. Liu and
Zhang (Refs. 30, 31) controlled the
weld pool geometry and weld penetra-
tion using a recently developed 3D
weld pool sensing method detailed in
(Ref. 19).
Human welder intelligence-based
modeling and control provides an al-
ternative route to develop welding
process control algorithms. Conven-
tional welding process control meth-
ods (Refs. 20–31) typically involve two
steps: modeling of the welding process
and design of the control algorithm.
As an alternative method in this pa-
per, the design of the control algo-
rithm becomes a one-step process —
modeling a human welder’s response
as a function of feedback from the sen-
sor. The design becomes simpler and

A A
Fig. 5 — A — Detailed view of the virtual station. Major com­
ponents include a Leap motion tracking sensor, mockup pipe,
computer screen, high­resolution camera, and projector; B —
virtual welding torch.
less designer dependent. In addition,
human responses are considered reli-
able and robust for applications where
human welders are currently relied on
before other effective methods are ad-
equately developed. Learning a human
welder’s response would provide a con-
venient method to take advantage of
valuable human welder experience and
provide the foundation to exceed a hu-
man welder’s physical limitations
(Refs. 4–6).
Welder training systems have been
investigated in the manufacturing in-
dustry to accelerate the learning
WELDING RESEARCH
B
C D
Fig. 6 — Visualization of the pipe. A — Eye view of the workpiece;
B — virtual view of the mockup. The image from the eye view
camera has been visualized on the mockup. C — Close­up view; D
— the mockup at different points of view.
process and compen- the purpose of training, it is unlikely
sate for the shortage to be able to simulate the complexity
of a welding instruc- and possible variations in a real weld-
tor (e.g., EWI Ad- ing environment. Another drawback is
vanceTrainerTM (Ref. that the focus distance is fixed in most
32) and RealWeld display types, resulting in poor eye ac-
TrainerTM (Ref. 33)). commodation.
Recently, virtual re- In this study, we chose to use aug-
ality (VR) has been mented reality (AR) techniques (Refs.
recognized for its 38, 39) for the visualization aspect of
value in welder virtualized welding. This AR allows a
training (Ref. 34). user to see the real world with virtual
Some sophisticated objects superimposed upon or com-
systems for training posited with the real world. Although
with a head-mount- AR has been used in many application
ed display (HMD) areas including education, health care,
have been proposed military, and entertainment, its appli-
recently, such as cation in welding and welder intelli-
ARC+ (Ref. 35), the gence learning has not yet been
Fronius virtual weld- reported.
ing system (Ref. 36),
and VRTEX 360°
(Ref. 37). However, Virtualized Welding
these systems do not employ a see- System Overview
through method; instead, they apply
fully simulated environment on the The virtualized welding system uti-
display. lized in this study (shown in Fig. 3)
Among these VR methods, VRTEX consists of two workstations — a
360 is considered one of the most so- welding station and virtual station. In
phisticated welder training systems. A the virtual station, a human welder
mock-up welding torch is equipped can view the mockup where the weld
with sensors so that it can be fully pool images (from direct viewing or
tracked. A welder’s helmet is fitted eye view camera) is rendered and dis-
with HMD to provide simulated im- played, and moves the virtual welding
ages. As a training tool, the images torch accordingly as if he/she is right
shown to the trainee are entirely simu- in front of the workpiece. The human
lated. While this may be adequate for welder movement is accurately cap-
OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 391-s
WELDING RESEARCH
A B
D E
Fig. 7 — A–C — Sample images from camera 2 (eye view) with welding currents 45, 50,
and 55 A, respectively. D–F — Corresponding images from camera 1 (structured light
laser dots that will then be used for 3D weld pool reconstruction) corresponding to A–C.
tured by a Leap motion sensor, and
the obtained 3D virtual welding torch
tip coordinates will be sent to the PC.
The robot arm equipped with the
welding torch receives commands via
Ethernet from the PC including the
next pose (robot tool 3D position and
orientation) and robot tool movement
speed. It then executes the command
and sends the current robot tool posi-
tion back to the PC.
Welding Station
The welding station consists of an
industrial welding robot, eye view
camera, and a compact 3D weld pool
surface sensing system (Ref. 40). The
robot utilized in this study (depicted
in Fig. 4A) is a Universal Robot, UR-5,
with six degrees of freedom (DOF).
The UR-5 industrial robot is a six-
jointed robot arm with a low weight of
18 kilos, lifting ability of 5 kilos, and
working radius of 85 cm, respectively.
The repeatability of the robot is ±0.1
mm. The robot is connected to a con-
troller, which is used to control the
motions of the robot. There is a touch
392-s WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014, VOL. 93
C Table 1 — Welding Parameters
F tern on the imaging plane and the as-
pad user interface that allows the user
to program, control, and move the ro-
bot. The robot can also be pro-
grammed using URScript, a script lan-
guage developed by the robot manu-
facturer. The robot (client) and PC
(server) is communicated via Ethernet
using TCP/IP protocol and socket pro-
gramming.
Figure 4B shows the developed
compact 3D weld pool surface sensing
system for our robotic welding system
(Ref. 40). In this system, a low-power
laser (19 by 19 structure light pattern)
is projected to the weld pool surface,
and its reflection from the specular
weld pool surface is intercepted and
imaged by a CCD camera (camera 1 in
Fig. 4B). It is known that arc light is an
omnidirectional light source. Its inten-
sity decreases quadratically with the
distance traveled, but the laser, due to
its coherent nature, does not signifi-
cantly lose its intensity. Hence, it is
possible to intercept the reflection of
the illumination laser from the weld
pool surface with an imaging plane
placed at an appropriate distance from
the arc.
Current(A) Welding Arc Length Argon
Speed mm Flow Rate
(mm/s) (L/min)
45, 50, 55 — 4 11.8
From the distorted reflection pat-
sumption of a smooth weld pool sur-
face, the 3D shape of the weld pool
surface can be obtained. By using a
specific image processing and recon-
struction algorithm (Ref. 19), a 3D
specular weld pool can be reconstruct-
ed in real time. This 3D weld pool
geometry information will be utilized
to correlate the welder’s movement
and the 3D weld pool geometry to en-
able the adaptive and accurate control
of the welding process. To verify the
effectiveness and accuracy of the com-
pact 3D weld pool surface sensing sys-
tem, a spherical convex mirror with
known geometry (Edmund Optics
NT64-057) is used as a benchmark
(Ref. 40). The reconstructed 3D weld
pool surface is depicted in Fig. 4C. It is
observed that most of the height er-
rors are within 0.06 mm, especially in
the central range of the weld pool.
Virtual Station
The visualization system employs a
computer screen for displaying the
rendered visual information from the
eye view camera over the flat work-
piece — Fig. 5. If the workpiece is a
3D-shaped object (e.g., pipe), the visu-
alization system employs a mockup
pipe with the same dimensions as an
actual pipe and projects rendered
video on its surface. The 3D scanning
system consists of a high-resolution
camera and projector. By utilizing the
structured light scan algorithm (Ref.
41) with subpixel refinement (Ref. 42)
for reconstructing the geometry of a
3D object, this system can provide a
high accuracy point cloud and mesh of
the mockup.
In the authors’ previous paper (Ref.
40), virtual welding for a flat work-
piece has been discussed. In this study,
a pipe welding application with 3D vi-
sualization is examined. Figure 5B
shows the virtual welding torch.
Figure 6 shows the visualization of

Fig. 8 — A human hand movement captured by the Leap motion
sensor in a sample experiment.
the pipe. Both the eye view of the
workpiece (Fig. 6A) and virtual view of
the mockup (together with the visual-
ized eye view image) are presented. It
will be shown that the proposed sys-
tem is able to conduct virtual welding
experiments whose data will then be
recorded and utilized to form a welder
response model.
Experimentation
Nine teleoperated experiments are
conducted in this section, and the ex-
perimental results are presented plus
analyzed.
Experiment
Stainless steel pipe was welded us-
ing the direct current electrode nega-
tive GTAW process. The material of
the pipe was stainless steel 304. The
outer diameter and wall thickness of
the pipe were 113.5 and 2.03 mm, re-
spectively. The welding parameters are
illustrated in Table 1. The welding cur-
rent was selected as one of the three
typical values representing small,
medium, and large welding current
(45, 50, and 55 A). The arc length was
maintained at 4 mm. The human
welder observes the virtualized weld
pool rendered on the mockup pipe
and controls the virtual welding torch
movement (i.e., welding speed)
accordingly.
Fig. 9 — Tracking performance along the welding direction (x
axis) for the human hand movement in Fig. 8.
Figure 7 de-
picts sample im-
ages captured in
these welding ex-
periments with
the welding cur-
rent being 45, 50,
and 55 A, respec-
tively.
Figure 7A–C Fig. 10 — Nine welding experiments with different welding
are the images currents.
captured by cam-
era 2 (i.e., eye
view). As can be
observed, different welding currents
and welding speeds generate different
weld pool shapes. The welder can ob-
serve the weld pool and move the vir-
tual welding torch accordingly based
on this visual feedback. It is noted that
images from the eye view camera are
only for a human welder to view and
control the welding process. For an au-
tomated welding task, however, eye
view images can only be used to get 2D
information from the weld pool (weld
pool width and length). 3D weld pool
geometry is relatively difficult to be
extracted from these images. Instead,
images from camera 1 (in Fig. 4B) will
be utilized to reconstruct 3D weld pool
shape using a specific image process-
ing and reconstruction algorithm
(Ref. 19).
Figure 7D–F are the images from
camera 1 (structured light laser reflec-
tion dots). It is observed that different
weld pool shapes (shown in Fig. 7A–C)
OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 393-s
WELDING RESEARCH
generate different laser reflection pat-
terns, and these patterns contain 3D
shape information that can then be
used for reconstruction.
Figure 8 illustrates a welder’s hand
movement captured by the Leap mo-
tion sensor in a sample of experi-
ments. It is noticed that the welder
moves the virtual welding torch along
the welding direction (x axis). For y
axis movement (perpendicular to the
welding direction), the coordinates are
near 240 mm most of the time. How-
ever, deviations are frequently ob-
served. In our study, which is pipe
welding along a circular straight line
around a pipe circumference, the
movement along the y axis is not nec-
essary and should be considered as
noise. For other applications where y
axis movement is necessary, y axis can
also be tracked.
In automated pipe welding with no
filler metal, the welding torch should
always be perpendicular to the work-
WELDING RESEARCH
Fig. 11 — Comparison between before and after filtering (x po­
sition and welding speed) in experiment 4.
piece. Once the x axis movement is ac-
curately tracked, the movement along
the z axis and x, y, z orientations can
be properly determined. It will be
shown in the automated welding ex-
periment section that satisfactory
welds can be obtained for welding the
top part of the pipe. For full position
pipe welding, however, this is not the
case. In positions other than the top
part of the pipe, a certain angle be-
tween the welding torch and pipe sur-
face may be required to provide addi-
tional control on the arc pressure act-
ing on the weld pool against gravita-
tional force (Ref. 7).
Future study will focus on full posi-
tion pipe welding where the torch ori-
entation will also be tracked, learned,
and adjusted.
Figure 9 shows the tracking per-
formance in the x direction. It is ob-
served that using the proposed predic-
tive control algorithm in Ref. 3, the ro-
bot can track the human movement
with sufficient accuracy.
Data Processing
Nine teleoperated experiments
were conducted by a human welder. In
experiments 1–3, the welding current
is set at 45 A. In experiments 4–6, the
welding current was set at 50 A. In ex-
periments 7–9, the welding current
was set at 55 A. Other welding param-
eters were the same as those specified
in Table 1.
Figure 10 presents the x position
394-s WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014, VOL. 93
B
data in nine experi-
ments. Generally,
for relatively larger
welding current (55
A), the human
welder moved the
torch at greater
speeds (or finished
welding with less
time, in about 45 to
50 s). For medium
welding current (50 Fig. 12 — Normalized power spectrum before and after filter­
A), the human ing in nine welding experiments. A — The x position; B — weld­
welder used medi- ing speed.
um movement
speeds throughout
the experiments and finished the
welding task in about 60 s. For small ⎧⎪ Dxf ,k = αDxf ,k−1 + (1 − α )Dx ,k
welding current (45 A), the welder ⎨ (1)
⎪S xf ,k = (Dxf ,k − Dxf ,k−1 )/Ts
⎩
used a lower welding speed and finish-
es the welding tasks in about 70 to 90
s. It is noticed, however, that speed where Dx,k is x position coordinate be-
variations occurred in these experi- fore filtering at instant k while Dxf,k
ments for the same welding current. and Dxf, k–1 are filtered x position coor-
This is understandable because the hu- dinates at instant k and k–1, respec-
man welder determines his/her move- tively. Sxf,k is the filtered speed along
ment based on his observation of the the x axis, and Ts is the sampling time
weld pool. However, trends in the (0.5 s). α∈ (0,1) is the smoothing co-
welding speed with respect to the efficient. As α becomes larger, the po-
welding current can be easily ob- sition deviates from the actual human
served. movement but with better robustness
In the next subsection, these data and smoothness. It is observed that α
will be utilized to learn the human = 0.9 can achieve a good tradeoff be-
movement. tween tracking a human movement
It is observed in Fig. 10 that a hu- and smoothness.
man hand movement contains high Figure 11 shows the filtered posi-
frequency and needs to be filtered be- tion and speed in experiment 4. It is
fore learning. A low-pass filter was de- observed that the filter is able to
signed as follows smooth the position and speed signal.

Fig. 13 — Calculated welding speed in nine experiments.
Large oscillations in the speed are suf-
ficiently depressed.
To further understand the filter ef-
fect, frequency domain analysis is pre-
sented. Figure 12 shows the normal-
ized power spectrum for the x position
and movement speed in nine experi-
ments. For a position signal, the ma-
jority of the signal power is centered
below 1 Hz (i.e., the majority of the
energy for position response is below
WELDING RESEARCH
Fig. 14 — Data points and linear fitting result.
1 Hz). This makes Learning Result and Analysis
sense because the
human welder ad- Figure 13 depicts the welding
justment should be speeds in nine experiments versus the
slow given the rela- torch orientation angle θ (0 deg corre-
tively slow GTAW sponds to 12 o’clock) in relation to the
process. No notice- gravitational direction. It is noticed
able differences are that the average welding speed corre-
observed by apply- sponding to a different degree is fluc-
ing the low-pass tuating for all the three welding cur-
filter. rents. However, no noticeable correla-
For movement tion is found between the fluctuations
speed, on the other of the welding speed to the position of
hand, the normal- the torch. It will be further proved in
ized signal power the welding experiments that a con-
has been sufficiently stant welding speed is sufficient to
suppressed for fre- produce satisfactory welds in the top
quencies larger than part of the pipe, i.e., –25 deg ≤ θ ≤ 25
0.5 Hz. This is ex- deg (approximately 11 to 1 o’clock).
pected because large, For full position pipe welding, howev-
high-frequency er, different speeds should be applied
movement corre- for different positions and will be
sponds to the studied in the future using an ad-
tremor of the hu- vanced system whose projector and
man hand and Leap sensor must move with the torch
should be sup- movement.
pressed. It is ob- The data points to be used to corre-
served that the pro- late the welding current and welding
posed filter is able to speed are plotted in Fig. 14. A linear
suppress the high- model is fitted using the least squares
frequency movement that might de- algorithm (Ref. 43):
grade the welding performance.
Because the smoothness of the hu-
s = 0.0462l – 1.3 (2)
man hand movement varies from per-
or equivalently,
son to person, it is evident that differ-
ent welders should have different
smoothing coefficients. To obtain the l = 10.13s + 39.77 (3)
smoothing coefficient for a specific
operator, a training period can be con- where s is the welding speed in mm/s
ducted and the process described in and l is the welding current in A.
this section can be applied accordingly. The above correlation between the
OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 395-s
WELDING RESEARCH

A B

C D

E F

Fig. 15 — Automated welding experiment results using different welding currents. A, D — Front and back view of the welds for welding
current 45 A; B, E — front and back view of the welds for welding current 50 A; C, F — front and back view of the welds for welding cur­
rent 55 A.

welding current and welding speed can
be used for human-machine coopera-
tive teleoperated pipe welding applica-
tions where an unskilled human
welder operates the torch (determin-
ing the actual welding speed) while the
welding machine could compensate
his/her inaccurate movement (inaccu-
rate welding speed) by adjusting the
welding current.
It could also be used to provide a
parameter interval for simultaneously
controlling the frontside weld pool
surface characteristic parameters and
backside joint penetration in automat-
ed welding. This learned correlation
will then be applied in welding experi-
ments to demonstrate the effective-
ness of the learned welding speed
from the human welder.
Automated Welding
Experiment
Automated welding experiments
using learned welding speeds were
conducted, and the experimental re-
sults are presented/analyzed. The
welding parameters are the same as
those listed in Table 1. Three welding
experiments are conducted with the
welding current set at 45, 50, and 55
A, respectively, and the arc length
maintained at 4 mm. It is observed
from Fig. 15 that by applying the
learned welding speed, satisfactory
welds are obtained. Consistent back-
side weld bead widths were obtained
in all three experiments. For a 45-A
welding current, the backside bead
width was maintained at about 3.5
mm for all positions (from –25 to 25
deg). Similarly, for welding currents of
50 and 55 A, backside bead widths
were properly maintained at about 3.7
and 3.6 mm.
To further demonstrate the pro-
posed model in generating satisfactory

396-s WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014, VOL. 93


A B
Fig. 16 — Automated welding experiment results using varying welding currents from 48 to 53 to 45 A. A — Front view of weld; B — back
view of weld.
Fig. 17 — Welding current and speed in Fig. 16.
welds under varying welding currents,
the welding experiment was conducted
by varying the welding current during
an experiment from 48 to 53 A then to
45 A, and the welding speed calculated
by Equation 2 is sent to the welding
robot.
An acceptable weld is shown in Fig.
16. Specifically, a welding current of
48 A was first applied for 20 s — Fig.
17. The calculated welding speed was
0.918 mm/s and the obtained backside
bead width was about 3.8 mm. Then
the welding current increased to 55 A
and lasted for 20 s. By increasing the
welding speed to about 1.15 mm/s, a
nearly consistent backside bead width
was achieved. Finally, the welding cur-
rent was set to 45 A for 20 s and the
calculated welding speed was 0.78
mm/s. The backside bead width was
well maintained to about 3.9 mm.
It is concluded that by controlling
the welding speed, satisfactory welds
can be achieved, given the other weld-
ing parameters are maintained at their
nominal values. If these welding pa-
rameters deviate from their nominal
values, controlling
the welding speed
might not be suffi-
cient to produce sat-
isfactory welds.
However, the
learned welding
speeds for different
welding currents can
provide an addition-
al constraint in de-
signing a controller
for the welding
process. The 3D weld
pool shape will be
correlated to the
welder’s movement,
and an adaptive con-
trol scheme will be
developed to cope
with complex varia-
tions in the process parameters in the
authors’ future research.
Conclusions
This research utilized a new human
machine welding paradigm, virtualized
welding, to learn a human welder’s
speed adjustment under different
welding currents. Learning experi-
ments through teleoperation were
conducted by a human welder to gen-
erate satisfactory welds under differ-
ent welding currents. A correlation be-
tween the welding current and welding
speed was proposed for GTAW pipe
welding with specified welding condi-
tions. Consistent penetration and sat-
isfactory welds were generated in au-
tomated welding experiments. It is
also observed that for the top part of
the pipe welding, instead of manipu-
lating a full set of welding parameters
(including torch orientation and arc
length, etc.), adjusting the welding
speed was sufficient to generate satis-
factory welds.
WELDING RESEARCH
Future work of the authors is to
further study skilled human welders’
intelligence in dynamic welding condi-
tions and adaptively control the weld-
ing process. Full position pipe welding
will also be studied where welding
speed and torch orientation could be
simultaneously controlled to generate
satisfactory welds.
Acknowledgments
This work was funded by the Na-
tional Science Foundation under grant
IIS-1208420. Y. K. Liu would like to
thank M. Khattak and B. Fu at the
University of Kentucky for their help
in robot programming and welding ex-
periments.
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mtrujillo@aws.org.
 WELDING RESEARCH

Microstructural Characteristics and Mechanical

Properties of Fiber Laser Welded­Brazed
Mg Alloy­Stainless Steel Joint
A better understanding was sought of microstructural evolution at different temperatures
and compositions during the laser welding­brazing of Mg alloys to stainless steel sheet

BY C. W. TAN, L. Q. LI, Y. B. CHEN, A. M. NASIRI, AND Y. ZHOU

ufacturers striving to reduce vehicle

weight and improve fuel efficiency.
ABSTRACT Currently, steels are the most common
metallic materials used in the automo-
AZ31B Mg alloy and 201 austenitic stainless steel were lap joined by a laser
tive industry. Therefore, a dissimilar
welding-brazing (LWB) process using a Mg-Al-Zn based welding wire. The
combination of magnesium alloys and
influence of the process heat input on microstructure and mechanical proper-
steel for fabrication of lightweight
ties of the dissimilar joint was investigated. Metallurgical bonding of immisci-
structural components would further
ble Mg and Fe couple was achieved by the formation of continuous ultrathin re-
lower the vehicle weight. Attaining re-
action products at the fusion zone-steel interface, with a thickness varied from
liable Mg-steel joints will, in return,
0.5 to 3 mm, growing slowly with the increase of the heat input. The interfacial
expand the application of Mg alloys in
reaction products were identified as Al19Mn4 and Fe(Al) from the fusion zone to
the automotive industry.
the steel, respectively. The tensile shear test indicated that joints produced at
Joining Mg to steel is, however, a
5.4 kJ/cm heat input exhibited the highest mechanical resistance reaching
huge challenge because of great
2472 N fracture load, representing a 75.4% joint efficiency relative to the Mg
differences in their melting point
base metal. The failure occurred in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the Mg
temperatures and immiscibility
base metal, indicating a strong bond at the fusion zone-steel interface. The
between Mg and Fe (Refs. 3–9). The
thermodynamic stability of the reaction products formed at the interface dur-
melting points of Mg and Fe are 630°
ing the laser welding-brazing process was also evaluated in the temperature
and 1535°C, respectively. In addition,
range of 400° to 1100°C using FactSage thermochemical software. The results
the boiling point of Mg is 1091°C,
were found to be in good agreement with the experimental results. The results
lower than the melting point of Fe, so
contributed to a better understanding of microstructural evolution at different
catastrophic vaporization of molten
temperatures and compositions during the laser welding-brazing of Mg alloys
magnesium alloy will occur if they
to stainless steel sheet.
melt simultaneously (Ref. 3). The
maximum solid solubility of Fe in Mg
is only 0.00041 at.-%. Therefore, they
KEYWORDS do not react with each other or mix at
ambient pressure (Ref. 10). As a
• Magnesium • Stainless Steel • Laser Welding-Brazing result, metallurgical bonding of Mg
• Microstructure • FactSage Thermochemical Software and Fe will be possible provided an
intermediate element is adopted to
react with both immiscible Mg and Fe
Introduction castability, and good damping capacity
and achieve a metallurgical bond.
(Refs. 1, 2). As the lightest metal used
There are two main ways employed
Magnesium and its alloys have been for structural components,
to achieve metallurgical bonding at the
recently attracting much interest, magnesium offers great potential to
interface of Mg and steel, i.e., adding
prized for their excellent properties reduce weight by replacing steel and
an interlayer element or compound in
such as high specific strength, good aluminum, which is desirable for man-
between the base metals (Refs. 4–9,

C. W. TAN, L. Q. LI, and Y. B. CHEN are with State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute
of Technology, Harbin, China. TAN is also with the Centre for Advanced Materials Joining, Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University
of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada, along with A. M. NASIRI (amnasiri@uwaterloo.ca) and Y. ZHOU.

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 399

WELDING RESEARCH
A Table 1 — Chemical Composition of the AZ31B
B nonuniform, thick -Fe(Al,Si)3 along the
Fig. 1 — Schematic of the following: A — Laser welding­brazing process; B — 8­mm­
wide tensile shear test specimen.
Table 2 — Chemical Composition of the Stainless Steel (wt­%)
Elements C Mn Ni Cr
Stainless Steel ≤0.15 10.7 0.53 14.7
11–14), and using mutual diffusion of
alloying elements from the base and
filler metals (Refs. 15–19). Thin inter-
layers such as Cu, Ni, Sn, and Al have
been applied between Mg and steel
and heated to a high temperature to
react with Mg from one side and with
Fe from the other side, using different
welding techniques (Refs. 4, 5, 7, 8,
12–14). A severe vaporization of upper
Mg sheet was noticed during laser-gas
tungsten arc hybrid welding (Refs. 4,
5, 7, 8), while formation of interfacial
thick brittle reaction layers was
reported during a liquid-phase bond-
ing process (Refs. 12–14). The feasibil-
ity of joining Mg to steel through
atomic interdiffusion at the interface
was also investigated (Refs. 15–19).
The friction stir welding (FSW)
process has been reported to
accelerate the diffusion of Al atoms
from the Mg base metal to the steel
with the combined actions of external
force and strong stirring (Ref. 19). The
400-s WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014, VOL. 93
Cu V Al S Si P Fe
1.21 0.108 0.36 ≤0.03 ≤0.75 ≤0.06 Bal.
interfacial reaction between Al and Fe
resulted in the formation of a Fe-Al in-
termetallic compound (IMC) reaction
product at the steel-Mg interface and
hence a metallurgical bond was
formed (Refs. 18, 19). However, a
fresh and oxide-free steel surface was
required, which was considered as a se-
rious limitation of this process in sam-
ple preparation (Ref. 17).
The laser welding-brazing (LWB)
process has been widely used in the au-
tomotive industry due to its unique per-
formance such as high welding speed,
low base metal deformation, and precise
control of the laser beam energy (Refs.
20–24). It shows great advantages over
FSW and conventional fusion welding
due to its high flexibility and adaptabil-
ity for practical applications. Miao et al.
(Refs. 25, 26) used a laser brazing
process to join Mg to steel without
welding wire. In this process, part of the
Mg base metal was melted to braze the
steel. Crack and porosity formation
Mg Alloy and Filler Metal (wt­%)
Elements Al Zn Mn Fe Si Mg
AZ31B 2.92 1.09 0.3 0.005 0.1 Bal.
Filler 3.25 1.25 0.24 0.005 0.007 Bal.
metal
were reported at the interface due to se-
vere evaporation and oxidation of Mg as
well as immiscibility between Mg and
steel (Refs. 25, 26). Afterward, Nasiri et
al. (Refs. 11, 27) performed the same
process but added interlayers including
Al-12Si and Ni. Using an Al-12Si coating
layer resulted in formation of
steel-fusion zone interface (Ref. 27).
The tensile-shear strength of the 5-mm-
wide laser brazed specimen reached
767±138 N (Ref. 27). In the case of the
Ni interlayer, despite formation of
a-Mg + Mg2Ni eutectic phases and AlNi
intermetallic compound in the fusion
zone, formation of Fe(Ni) solid solution
on the steel surface was reported as the
key for metallurgical bonding of steel to
Mg alloy (Ref. 11). The joint strength
was reported to be 1506.3±24.5 N,
which was 153% higher than that of the
laser brazed, Al-coated steel-Mg alloy
joint (Ref. 11). In our previous studies, a
laser welding-brazing process using a
welding wire was developed for joining
Mg alloy to steel (Refs. 28–31).
Stainless steel was found to promote
the metallurgical bonding with Mg alloy
(Ref. 29). However, the interfacial
microstructure and bonding mechanism
were not fully understood. Therefore,
the purpose of this study was to further
investigate the interfacial
microstructure of laser welded-brazed
Mg-steel dissimilar joints. Furthermore,
to provide better understanding of the
phases that might form at the interface
of Mg alloy-stainless steel during the
laser welding-brazing process, a
thermochemical analysis using FactSage
thermochemical software was
conducted.
Experimental Procedures
Materials
AZ31B-H24 Mg alloy and 201
stainless steel sheets both with a
thickness of 1.5 mm were selected as

C (Mg­FZ interface).
D out in a lap joint con-
Fig. 2 — Laser brazed AZ31B Mg­steel made at different
heat inputs: A — 3 kJ/cm; B — 4.2 kJ/cm; C — 5.4 kJ/cm; D
— 6.6 kJ/cm.
the base metals. A 2-mm-diameter
Mg-Al-Zn-based alloy was used as the
welding wire. The chemical
compositions of the base metals and
filler metal are listed in Tables 1 and 2,
respectively. Flux QJ201 in powder
form was used in the experiment with
a chemical composition of 50 wt-%
KCl, 32 wt-% LiCl, 10 wt-% NaF, and 8
wt-% ZnCl2. The melting point of the
flux was in the range of 460°–620°C.
The sheets were cut into rectangular
strips 30 mm wide and 100 mm long.
Prior to welding, the surfaces of the
Mg alloy sheets were cleaned with
abrasive paper to remove surface
oxides and the steel was ultrasonically
cleaned in acetone to remove grease
and other contaminants from the
surfaces.
Laser Welding­Brazing Process
A fiber laser system with a
maximum power of 10 kW (IPG YLR-
10000) and a KUKA six-axis robot
were used in this work. The laser beam
had a wavelength of 1070 nm and a
beam parameter product of 7.2 mm
mrad. It was transmitted by a 200-mm
core-diameter fiber and focused by a
200-mm lens to obtain a spot size of
0.2 mm.
The schematic of the LWB process
Fig. 3 — Photomicrograph of the fusion zone of the Mg side
is illustrated in Fig.
1A. The LWB experi-
ments were carried
figuration, with the
magnesium sheet
clamped on the steel
sheet. The laser beam
was irradiated on the
edge of the AZ31B
Mg alloy vertically.
Welding wire was fed
in front of the laser
beam. Argon shielding gas was
provided to prevent oxidation. The
angle of the welding wire and the
workpiece were adjusted for smooth
wire feeding. To completely irradiate
the filler metal and promote brazing
between molten filler metal and stain-
less steel, the laser beam was
defocused.
Process Parameters
The main variables in the present
work determining thermal gradient
distribution and bead profile primarily
included laser power, travel speed, and
wire feed speed. Before the
experiment, preliminary trials were
carried out to obtain visually
acceptable joints. The process parame-
ters used in the experiment are listed
in Table 3. The constant parameters
during the LWB process were defocus-
ing distance of positive 10 mm from
the steel surface, 0.5-mm beam offset
to the steel side, shielding gas flow
rate of 20 L/min, and the angle of 30
deg between the welding wire and the
steel.
Analysis Methods
After the LWB process, welded-
brazed specimens were cut perpendi-
OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 401-s
WELDING RESEARCH
cular to the travel direction. Standard
grinding and polishing sample prepa-
ration procedures were then applied.
The appearances and cross sections of
the joints were observed using an opti-
cal microscope (OM). The microstruc-
tures and fracture surfaces were ana-
lyzed using a scanning electron micro-
scope (SEM) equipped with an energy-
dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). A
Tecnai-G2 F30 transmission electron
microscope (TEM) at a nominal
voltage of 300 kV was used to charac-
terize the microstructure in detail. Z-
contrast images were acquired using a
high-angle annular dark field
(HAADF) detector in scanning trans-
mission electron microscopy (STEM)
mode. Phase identification was inves-
tigated by selected-area electron
diffraction pattern (SADP) analysis.
The specimens for tensile testing were
cut 50 mm long and 8 mm wide, as
shown in Fig. 1B, and subjected to a
tensile shear test with a cross-head
speed of 0.5 mm/min. Shims were
clamped to each end of the specimens
to ensure shear loads in the lap joint
while minimizing bending or torque of
the specimens.
Thermodynamic Analysis
Procedure
In the study, the FactSage
thermochemical software and databases
were used to predict the phase
formation and thermodynamic proper-
ties of the phases during LWB of AZ31B
Mg-stainless steel multielement alloy
system. It provided a more accurate way
to predict phase formation in a complex
multielement alloy system than just re-
ferring to the binary or ternary phase
diagrams of the constituent elements.
The thermochemical analysis was evalu-
WELDING RESEARCH

ated using two modules in FactSage, i.e.,

A B
D E
Phase Diagram and Equilib modules.
The Phase Diagram module of FactSage
was used first to find all the possible
formed phases in the Mg alloy fusion
C zone (FZ)-stainless steel system at dif-
ferent temperatures and compositions.
The Equilib module was then used to
identify the phases that were most
likely to precipitate from the liquid at a
specific temperature and composition
among all the possible formed phases.
This calculation was based on the prin-
ciple of Gibbs free-energy minimization.
F The interfacial reaction products includ-
ing the types of phases and their precip-
itation sequence were predicted after
these two calculation procedure steps.

Results and Discussion

Appearances and Cross­
G H I Sectional Overviews
Figure 2 shows photographs of the
laser brazed AZ31B Mg-stainless steel
joints and typical cross-sectional
overviews of the joints produced at
different heat inputs. As shown in Fig.
2A, a lap joint with a rough surface
was observed at the low heat input of
J K L 3 kJ/cm. Filler metal could not
sufficiently wet the steel surface caus-
ing excessive deposition of the filler,
since most of the energy from the
laser beam was used to melt the filler
metal. The steel substrate was poorly
preheated due to insufficient heat
input. With the increase of the heat
input, the wetting of the filler on the
Fig. 4 — Steel­FZ interfacial microstructure at different heat inputs.
steel was improved gradually. Smooth
and uniform weld surfaces without ob-
vious defects were evidenced, as
Table 3 — Laser Welding­Brazing Process Parameters Used in Current Study shown in Fig. 2B, C. The excessive heat
input caused severe evaporation of the
Laser Travel Speed Wire Feeding Heat Input filler metal resulting in an uneven
Power (W) (m/min) Speed (m/min) (kJ/cm) bead appearance and porosity forma-
1000 0.2 0.6 3
tion in the FZ as well as the steel-FZ
1400 0.2 0.6 4.2 interface, as shown in Fig. 2D.
1800 0.2 0.6 5.4
2200 0.2 0.8 6.6 Microstructural Analysis
Fusion Zone
Table 4 — STEM­EDS Analysis Results of the Phases Formed at the Steel­FZ Interface (at.­%) Figure 3 shows a typical microstruc-
ture of the fusion zone on the magne-
Phases Mg Al Cr Mn Fe Zn Ni sium side. Partial melting of the
AZ31B base metal and mixing with the
I 60.01 29.20 0.50 0.39 2.50 7.37 —
II 6.86 61.90 2.82 17.48 9.95 0.96 — Mg-based filler metal produced the fu-
III 1.08 23.32 12.96 6.63 55.89 0.01 0.08 sion zone. Four different micro-
stuctures were distinguished, i.e., base

402-s WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014, VOL. 93


Fig. 5 — Reaction layer thickness vs. heat input.
metal, heat-affected zone (HAZ),
columnar crystal zone (CCZ), and
equiaxed crystal zone (ECZ). Grain
growth was found to take place in the
HAZ toward the fusion zone,
especially in the vicinity of the fusion
zone. The precipitated -Mg17Al12
phase was found distributed in the
ECZ as indicated by arrows in Fig. 3. A
more detailed microstructural analysis
of the fusion zone can be found in our
previous study (Ref. 32). The variation
of microstructure in the fusion zone
was found to affect the fracture mode,
which will be discussed later.
Steel­FZ Interface
Figure 4 shows SEM images in dif-
ferent positions along the steel-FZ in-
terface with variations in the heat
input. A distinct interfacial layer was
observed at the interface, indicating
the occurrence of atomic diffusion
and metallurgical bonding at the
interface of Mg and Fe. A
nonuniform, thick interfacial reaction
layer was formed from the joint head
to the root of the joint due to the
temperature gradient resulting from
the laser welding-brazing process
(Ref. 24). The steel-FZ interfacial re-
gion was divided into three zones as
marked in Fig. 4, i.e., joint head zone
(Zone A), intermediate zone (Zone B),
and joint root zone (Zone C). The re-
action layer in all zones was found to
exhibit a continuous morphology and
its thickness at different heat inputs
was measured and plotted in Fig. 5.
WELDING RESEARCH
A B
C D
Fig. 6 — EDS line scans of Mg, Fe, Al, Zn, Mn, Cr, and Ni across the
An ultrathin steel­FZ interface of the joint head at different heat inputs: A — 3
reaction layer kJ/cm; B — 4.2 kJ/cm; C — 5.4 kJ/cm; D — 6.6 kJ/cm.
(< 1 mm thick)
was found at
then enriched at the interface, which
the low heat input of 3 kJ/cm. The
induced the interfacial reaction.
thickness in the three zones was var-
The results in Figs. 4–6 confirmed
ied slightly due to insufficient
the feasibility of joining Mg to steel
reaction at such a low heat input.
through interatomic diffusion of
With the increase of the heat input,
alloying elements into each other at
the thickness of the reaction layer
the interface. As shown in Fig. 4, in
grew slightly. For heat inputs of 4.2
the case of the Mg-steel dissimilar
and 5.4 kJ/cm, the thickness of the
metal combination, the reaction layer
reaction layer at the intermediate
could not grow too thick even with
zone was obviously larger than that at
applying excessive heat input, which
the joint head and the joint root.
was quite different compared with Al-
Note that the thickness of the
steel or Al-Ti dissimilar metal joints
reaction layer was always below 3 μm
(Refs. 20, 21, 24, 34). In those stud-
even with the excessive heat input of
ies, it has been reported that the
6.6 kJ/cm. It suggested that metallur-
thickness of the Fe-Al and Al-Ti inter-
gical bonding at the interface was
metallic reaction layers grows signifi-
achieved while the thickness of reac-
cantly with the increase of the heat
tion layer was controlled below 10 mm
input. The difference could be attrib-
(Ref. 33), which was beneficial to the
uted to the amount of alloying
mechanical performance of the joints.
elements involved in the interfacial
Concentration profiles of the main
reaction. In joining Al to steel or Al to
alloying elements across the interface
Ti, the Al and Ti were the dominant
between the fusion zone and steel
alloying elements at the steel-FZ in-
were obtained using EDS line
terface, which were sufficient for for-
scanning analyses. Figure 6 shows the
mation and growth of Fe3Al and TiAl3
corresponding EDS line scan results.
phases. However, in our work, with 3
Cr and Mn increased gradually from
wt-% Al in the filler, Al content for
the fusion zone side to the steel side.
diffusion-controlled growth of the re-
Zn and Ni, however, had no
action product was limited. As a
significant concentration variation
result, the reaction was restricted
across the interface. A high
causing the formation of the
concentration of Al was found at the
ultrathin reaction layer as shown in
steel-FZ interface in all applied heat
Fig. 4. At the same time, the fast
inputs. The results indicated that the
heating and cooling rates experienced
Al atoms diffused from molten filler
during the LWB process also limited
metal into the steel-FZ interface and
the diffusion-controlled growth of
OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 403-s
WELDING RESEARCH

B A B
A

C
C

Fig. 7 — STEM image and STEM­EDS analyses results: A —STEM Fig. 8 — TEM investigation of the Mg­stainless steel inter­
micrograph taken from the interface of the Mg­steel dissimilar face: A — Bright field image taken from the interface; B–D
joint; B — STEM­EDS mapping from the region indicated in A; C— — SADPs of the interfacial reaction phases.
STEM­EDS line scan results.

Fig. 10 — Tensile­shear fracture load and joint efficiency as

a function of the heat input.

diffusion different regions. In region I, Al and Zn

occurred
Fig. 9 — Hardness values in different locations of the Mg side. between Mg
and Fe since
the interfacial layer. these elements
Transmission electron microscope are immiscible. In addition, high
analysis was performed to identify concentrations of Zn and Mn were
the composition and structure of the found at the interface, which was not
reaction layer formed between the fu- observed in the SEM line scan results.
sion zone and steel. Figure 7 shows a From the element mappings, it could
STEM micrograph taken from the steel- also be observed that Al had the widest
FZ interface made at 5.4 kJ/cm heat concentration at the interface. Concen-
input. The newly formed interfacial re- tration profiles of the alloying elements
action products were found as shown in across the interface obtained from the
Fig. 7A. Elemental distribution was in- STEM line scanning analysis are shown
vestigated using STEM-EDS mapping in Fig. 7C. It was clearly seen that alloy-
analysis, and the results are shown in ing elements Al, Zn, and Mn
Fig. 7B. It can be seen that no mutual concentrated at the interface at
exhibited a continuous gradient. In re-
gion II, the concentration of Al contin-
ued to increase to a higher level. At the
same time, a significant diffusion of Mn
from the steel toward the interface was
also noticed. In region III, the Al
content decreased gradually, showing
mutual diffusion of Al and Fe. In addi-
tion, it was also found that Al was
involved in all interfacial reactions indi-
cating that it acted as the dominant al-
loying element to bond immiscible Mg
and Fe. The concentration of Cr and Ni
had no enrichment in the interfacial
regions.
Figure 8 shows a TEM micrograph
with corresponding selected area

404-s WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014, VOL. 93

 WELDING RESEARCH

A B C A

D E F

G H I

Fig. 12 — The calculated pseudo­binary

phase diagram showing the phases that
Fig. 11 — Fracture surface analysis of the Mg­stainless joints at different fracture modes: A, possibly form along the steel­FZ inter­
D, and G — Cross­sectional overviews showing different fracture modes; B, E, and H — SEM face: A — The whole diagram; B — par­
images of fracture surface of A, D, and G, respectively; C, F, and I — higher magnification of tial enlarged view of the diagram
the square area indicated by C, F, and I, respectively. indicated by b in A.

diffraction pattern (SADP) taken from
the interface of steel-FZ. The ultra-thin
reaction layer was composed of three
different nanoscale phases as shown in
the bright field TEM image in Fig. 8A.
The phase on the steel substrate was
found to exhibit a uniform and continu-
ous morphology followed by an irregu-
lar-shaped phase in the fusion zone.
The corresponding STEM-EDS
analysis results are shown in Table 4.
Combined with the indexed SADP re-
sults, shown in Fig. 8B–D, the phases
from the fusion zone toward the steel
were identified as Mg17(Al,Zn)12 IMC
with body-centered-cubic (BCC)
structure, Al19Mn4 with BCC
structure, and Fe(Al) solid solution
again with BCC crystal structure, re-
spectively. Some of the Al atoms in
the Mg17Al12 phase have been
replaced by Zn atoms. This phase is a
typical precipitate in the AZ series of
Mg alloys and was produced in the fu-
sion zone with a divorced eutectic
structure, since the two eutectic
phases (a-Mg + b-Mg17Al12) were sep-
arated from each other during the so-
lidification. A similar observation has
been reported in laser brazing of Mg
to Al coated steel (Ref. 27). This
phase was present occasionally at the
interface. To be exact, the Al19Mn4
and Fe(Al) phases should be
considered as the newly formed inter-
facial phases during LWB of Mg to
stainless steel.
Mechanical Properties
Hardness Distribution
The hardness distribution values of
the FZ, Mg HAZ, and the Mg base
metal of the joints at different heat in-
puts are plotted in Fig. 9. The
hardness of the HAZ was lower than
that of the base metal due to HAZ
softening as a result of grain coarsen-
ing and dissolution of strengthening
precipitates induced by the thermal
cycle during the LWB process (Refs.
35, 36). A slight increase in the hard-
ness of the FZ, which was probably at-
tributed to the higher volume fraction
of the Mg17Al12 precipitates in the FZ
(shown in Fig. 3), was also found.
Tensile­Shear Strength and Fracture
Behavior
Figure 10 shows the tensile-shear
fracture loads of the laser brazed
AZ31B Mg-stainless steel joints at var-
ious heat inputs. It was evident that
the heat input had a significant influ-
ence on the tensile-shear strength of
the joints. The strength of the joint
produced with the low heat input of 3
kJ/cm was quite low giving rise to in-
terfacial failure. When the heat input
increased to 4.2 kJ/cm, the joint frac-
ture load was enhanced to 1878 N, and
the calculated joint efficiency was
57.3% with respect to the fracture load
of the Mg base metal. The fracture lo-
cation was at the Mg HAZ indicating a
strong steel-FZ interface. The strength
varied slightly with further increase in
the heat input. The fracture load
reached the maximum value of 2471 N
at the heat input of 5.4 kJ/cm, repre-
senting 75.4% joint efficiency relative
to the Mg base metal.
Figure 11 shows the SEM
micrographs of the fracture surfaces
with different fracture behaviors. For
the dissimilar Mg-steel joints with in-
terfacial failure mode, the fracture sur-
face of the steel side was observed
using the backscattered electrons
(BSE). Three different phases were
identified at the fracture surface in

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 405-s

WELDING RESEARCH
A B
C D
E F
Fig. 13 — The activity­composition diagrams for possible phases formed at the
AZ31 Mg­stainless steel interface at the following: A — 1100°C; B — 900°C; C —
700°C; D — 600°C; E — 500°C; F —400°C.
Fig. 11B. The gray matrix was residual
Mg from the fusion zone attached to
the steel side. A relatively bright phase
was also observed distributed on the
surface. A significant amount of parti-
cles were found at higher magni-
fication, as shown in the inset of Fig.
11B. According to the EDS analysis re-
sults, this phase contained 18.9 at.-%
Al and 81.1 at.-% Fe, representing
Fe(Al) solid solution. In addition, a
dark phase was also evidenced at the
fracture surface as indicated by
arrows. Energy-dispersive X-ray spec-
trometer examination of this phase
confirmed that it contained 12.8 at.-%
K and 13.8 at.-% Cl, suggesting that
some of the flux was trapped in the in-
terface during the process. This
trapped flux in the steel-FZ interface
degraded the mechanical strength of
the joint significantly and resulted in
406-s WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014, VOL. 93
an interfacial fracture. When fracture
occurred in the Mg HAZ, the fracture
morphology was characterized by dim-
ples together with some cleavage-like
flat facets, which were characteristics
of a ductile fracture — Fig. 11E. The
strengthening particles were observed
at higher magnification as indicated by
an arrow in Fig. 11F, which contained
58.4 at.-% Al and 41.6 at.-% Mn and
were thus identified as Al-Mn phases
by EDS analysis (Al8Mn5, typical of the
AZ series of Mg alloys).
With the excessive heat input, the
joint fractured in the fusion zone due
to severe evaporation of the fusion
zone, which caused a decrease in the
joint width as well as porosity forma-
tion close to the steel-FZ interface.
Porosities formed mainly close to the
joint root zone, since the maximum
temperature in this area was higher
than that in the joint head zone, con-
sidering the position of the laser beam
during the process. This explains why
porosities were not observed from the
intermediate zone to the joint head
zone. During the tensile-shear test,
the crack first initiated from the weak
region, i.e., joint root zone, where the
geometry of the joint created a high
stress concentration area. Then, it
propagated along the steel-FZ
interface, where porosities existed. Fi-
nally, it deviated to the FZ, meaning
the strength of the steel-FZ interface
from the intermediate zone to the
joint head zone was higher than that
of the FZ. The corresponding FZ frac-
ture surface was found to exhibit a
dimple feature (see Fig. 11H, I). The
difference here was the strengthening
particles, which were found to be
Mg17Al12 phase by EDS analysis.
Thermodynamic Analyses
Figure 12 shows the calculated
pseudo-binary system between the
Mg alloy (filler metal composition)
and stainless steel composition over
the temperature range of 400° to
1000°C using the Phase Diagram
module of FactSage. This diagram was
used to identify the phase(s) that
might form along the steel-FZ inter-
face at different temperatures during
the laser welding-brazing process.
These possible phases were Al8Cr5,
Al61Fe31, Mg2Ni, Al3Ni, FeAl, Al5Fe2,
and Al19Mn4. All the phases were
found to be binary phases. In the
next step, the most stable phase pre-
cipitated from the liquid at a specific
temperature and composition should
be identified, by finding which phase
has the highest driving force to form
from the fusion zone.
For a binary compound AxBy that
forms from pure liquid components
[A] and [B], the reaction process for
formation of this compound from the
filler metal-steel system in the laser
welding-brazing process could be
expressed as follows:
x[A] + y[B]  AxBy (s) (1)
In order to predict what phases
were stable under different conditions,
the change of Gibbs free energy, G, of
the reaction shown in Equation 1
should be calculated. A negative G
 WELDING RESEARCH

linked to the 0.615 mole Al + 0.385 mole Cr

FactSage software. If would form 0.077 mole of Al8Cr5 with
[a(AxBy)]1/x+y > 1, a change of Gibbs free energy of
A xBy would form
spontaneously. Note
that a phase can ΔGTo ,( Al )
8/13Cr5/13
precipitate in a form 1
of a solid solution if ⎛ a ( Al8Cr5 ) ⎞ 13
[a(AxBy)]1/x+y = 1 = − RTln ⎜ 8 ⎟ (8)
⎝ a ([ Al ]) a (Cr ) ⎠
(Ref. 38). The 5
greater the activity
of the phase, the
higher the driving 0.714 mole Al + 0.286 mole Fe
force for formation would form 0.143 mole of Al5Fe2 with
of the phase. When a change of Gibbs free energy of
there were many
possible phases pre-
cipitated from the ΔGTo , ( Al )
Fig. 14 — Phase stability map showing the most stable phases 5/7Fe2/7
precipitated from the liquid at different temperatures and liquid at a specific 1
temperature and
compositions during the laser welding­brazing process. ⎛ a ( Al 5Fe 2 ) ⎞ 7
composition, the = − RTln ⎜ 5 ⎟ (9)
⎝ a ([ Al ]) a ([Fe ]) ⎠
2
phase with the max-
suggested that a process or chemical imum activity value would be the first
reaction would proceed spontaneously precipitated phase and the most sta-
in the forward direction, whereas a ble one. For 1 mole of the filler metal- The component activities were cal-
positive G indicated that the reaction steel system, the phase reaction and culated using the Equilib module of
would proceed spontaneously in net change in free energy were as FactSage at different laser welding-
reverse. The standard Gibbs free follows: brazing temperatures. Figure 13 shows
energy change of the reaction (G ) in- o
0.75 mole Al + 0.25 mole Ni will the activity-composition diagrams for
dicated in Equation 1 can be form 0.25 mole of Al3Ni with a change Al8Cr5, Al61Fe31, Mg2Ni, Al3Ni, FeAl,
determined using of Gibbs free energy of Al5Fe2, and Al19Mn4 from 1100° to
400°C. The composition in X axis
ΔGTo , ΔGTo ,( Al )
( Ax B y ) 3/4 Ni1/4 should be considered as an approx-
1 imated position between the liquid

= − RTln
(
a Ax B y ) (2)
⎛ a ( Al3 Ni ) ⎞ 4 filler (x = 0) and an initial position on
= − RTln ⎜ 3 ⎟ (5) the filler-steel interface (x = 1). In the
a x ([ A ]) a y ([ B ]) ⎝ a ([ Al ]) a ([ Ni ]) ⎠ temperature range of 700° to 1100°C,
Fe(Al) was predicted to be the first and
only precipitated phase from the
where R is the universal gas constant, Similarly, 0.66 mole Mg + 0.33 mole liquid. However, in the temperature
T is the absolute temperature (K), and Ni would form 0.33 mole of Mg2Ni range of 400°–600°C, Al19Mn4 was pre-
a is the chemical activity of each phase with a change of Gibbs free energy of dicted to be the first precipitated
(Ref. 37). For 1 mole of the elements, phase from the liquid close to the
we have
ΔGTo ,( Mg filler. Then FeAl solid solution with
2/3 Ni1/3 ) BCC crystal structure formed in
x y 1
[ A] + [ B] → Ax B y( s ) (3) 1 between the Al19Mn4 and steel.
x+y x+y x+y ⎛ a ( Mg 2 Ni ) ⎞ 3 Using this calculation procedure, a
= − RTln ⎜ 2 ⎟ (6) phase stability map was plotted in
Therefore, ⎜⎝ a ([ Mg ]) a ([ Ni ]) ⎟⎠
Fig. 14 to show the first precipitated
ΔGTo , A phases from the liquid at different
( x / x + y By / X + y ) temperatures and compositions dur-
1 0.826 mole Al + 0.174 mole Mn ing the laser welding-brazing process.
⎛
= − RTln ⎜ x
a Ax B y ( ⎞ x+ y
⎟
)(4)
would form 0.043 mole of Al19Mn4
with a change of Gibbs free energy of
This phase stability map indicated
⎜⎝ a ([ A ]) a y ([ B ]) ⎟⎠ that the BCC-Fe(Al) phase would pos-
sibly form over a large composition
ΔGTo ,( Al range from 0.04 to 100% of mass
The chemical activity of [A] and [B] 19/23 Mni4/23 ) fraction of stainless steel. Al19Mn4
in the liquid state can be obtained for 1 would form immediately adjacent to
a given local temperature and compo-
sition. Thus, the chemical activity of
⎛ a ( Al19 Mn4 ) ⎞ 23 the filler when the temperature
= − RTln ⎜ 19 ⎟ (7) dropped below 600°C.
A xBy(s) could be calculated once GoT ⎝ a ([ Al ]) a ([ Mn]) ⎠
4
These calculation results have con-
was obtained from the databases

OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 407-s

WELDING RESEARCH
firmed the formation of solid solution
Fe(Al) on the steel surface followed by
Al19Mn4 IMC. The calculation results
were in good agreement with the TEM
analyses results shown in Fig. 8.
Conclusions
1) Dissimilar AZ31B Mg alloy and
201 stainless steel sheets were joined
successfully by a laser welding-brazing
process using AZ31 Mg alloy welding
wire. A uniform and visually accept-
able joint was obtained with a
relatively large process window.
2) An ultrathin layer of reaction
product was formed at the interface of
the Mg-stainless steel joint. Its thick-
ness was varied in the range of 0.5–3
mm at different heat inputs, which was
beneficial to the joint strength.
3) From TEM analyses, three nano-
scale layers were identified along the Mg
alloy-steel interface, i.e., Mg17(Al,Zn)12,
Al19Mn4 and Fe(Al), from the fusion
zone toward the steel side, respectively.
Interdiffusion of alloying elements from
base metals caused the formation of
these layers and hence the metallurgical
bonding between the fusion zone and
steel occurred.
4) The tensile shear test indicated
that joints produced at 5.4 kJ/cm heat
input exhibited the highest mechani-
cal resistance reaching 2472 N fracture
load, representing a 75.4% joint
efficiency relative to the Mg base
metal. Tensile-shear tests showed
three different fracture modes, which
was closely related to the heat input.
Insufficient heat input caused interfa-
cial failure with some residual flux
trapped in the interface. The sufficient
heat input led to a fracture in the HAZ
of the Mg base metal. The excessive
heat input resulted in the fracture of
the fusion zone.
5) A computational
thermodynamic analysis was
conducted to predict the early stage
phase formation in AZ31 Mg alloy-
stainless steel multi-elements alloy
system during the laser welding-braz-
ing process, confirming that the
Al19Mn4 and Fe(Al) phases are the
most stable phases that form along
the filler metal-steel interface. The
Fe(Al) phase formed over a large com-
position range, while the Al19Mn4
phase was predicted to form in a nar-
row compositional range.
408-s WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014, VOL. 93
11. Nasiri, A. M., Weckman, D. C., and
Acknowledgments Zhou, Y. 2013. Interfacial microstructure
of diode laser brazed AZ31B magnesium to
This work is supported by a special steel sheet using a nickel interlayer. Weld-
foundation for Scientific and Technical ing Journal 92: 1-s to 10-s.
Innovation, Harbin (Grant No. 12. Elthalabawy, W. M., and Khan, T. I.
2010. Microstructural development of dif-
2012RFLXG028). One of the authors
(C. W. Tan) is grateful for the financial
fusion-brazed austenitic stainless steel to
magnesium alloy using a nickel interlayer.
support provided by the China Schol- Materials Characterization 61: 703–712.
arship Council for studying in the Uni- 13. Elthalabawy, W. M., and Khan, T. I.
versity of Waterloo, Canada. 2010. Eutectic bonding of austenitic stain-
less steel 316L to magnesium alloy AZ31
using copper interlayer. The International
Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technol-
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Setting the benchmark for performance, strength and brilliant welds in aluminum
with our PowerWave® power sources and SuperGlaze® consumables.
AR14-24 © The Lincoln Electric Co. All Rights Reserved.
For Info, go to www.aws.org/ad­index See us at FABTECH booth C2022/C2044