Traffic Planning

Transportation planning is the process of defining future policies, goals, investments, and designs
to prepare for future needs to move people and goods to destinations. As practiced today, it is a
collaborative process that incorporates the input of many stakeholders including various government
agencies, the public and private businesses. Transportation planners apply a multi-modal and/or
comprehensive approach to analyzing the wide range of alternatives and impacts on the
transportation system to influence beneficial outcomes.
Transportation planning is also commonly referred to as transport planning internationally, and is
involved with the evaluation, assessment, design, and siting of transport facilities (generally streets,
highways, bike lanes, and public transport lines).

SOURCE: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transportation_planning

Definition: Transport planning is defined as planning required in the operation,

provision and management of facilities and services for the modes of transport to
achieve safer, faster, comfortable, convenient, economical and environment-friendly
movement of people and goods. It is a prediction of usage demand in future travel and
to ensure all the necessary facilities and services to cater to that demand. Transport
planning is highly essential in shaping cities, enabling economic activities, promoting
community interaction, and enhancing quality of life. It is also essential for sustainable
development and ensuring safe accessibility at various levels for all individuals.
Description: Under transportation planning, different practices such as urban
development, urban transport policies, legislative activities, funding bodies and project
management come together. It involves various agencies and organizations for
successful transportation planning. Governing bodies actually examine the demographic
characteristics and travel patterns for a given area, and check how these characteristics
will change over a given period of time. Alternative improvements are then evaluated for
the transportation system. Moreover, it requires a lot of coordination between transport
system and land use authorities. The aim for all these bodies is todevice a plan which
incorporates efficient energy use and lesser pollution of various means. The activity
involves alternative modes of transport that will enhance its efficiency. Transportation
planning must cover all aspects of city life such as economic development, quality of
life, health of public and environment and thereby supporting long-term ecological
balance. For this transportation planners and engineers always focus on the efficient
movement of people and goods across the country.

SOURCE: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/transport-planning
Capacity of Road
Highway capacity is associated with traffic volume and traffic density.
Traffic volume is the number of vehicles passing a given point on a roadway during a specified
time period. This is usually expressed as vehicles per hour.
Traffic density is defined as the number of vehicles occupying a unit length of a lane of a
roadway at a given instant of time. This is usually expressed in vehicles per kilometre.
It is easy to understand that traffic volume is the product of traffic density and speed.
Capacity is the maximum traffic flow that can be accommodated in a highway facility during a
given time period under prevailing roadway, traffic and control conditions. (While traffic
volume represents the actual rate of flow and responds to variations in traffic demand, capacity
indicates the maximum rate of flow when exposed to a certain level of service characteristics or
a number of prevailing roadway and traffic conditions).
Basic Capacity:
Basic capacity is the maximum number of vehicles that can pass a given point on a lane or a
roadway during one hour, under the ideal roadway and traffic conditions that can possibly be
attained.
Possible Capacity:
Possible capacity is the maximum number of vehicles that can pass a given point on a lane or
roadway during one hour, under the prevailing roadway and traffic conditions.
Practical Capacity:
Practical capacity is the maximum number of vehicles that can pass a given point in a lane or
roadway during one hour, when traffic density is not so great as to cause unreasonable delay,
hazard or restriction to the driver’s freedom to manoeuvre under prevailing roadway and
traffic conditions. This is usually considered to be the ‘design capacity’.
It is observed that the term ‘capacity’ used in the revised Highway Capacity Manual is the same
as the ‘possible capacity’ defined above.
The ‘basic capacity’ of the original Highway Manual (1950) has been replaced with ‘capacity
under ideal conditions’. The original ‘practical capacity’ has been replaced by several ‘service
volumes’ related to a group of desirable operating conditions collectively termed as ‘level of
service’.
The value of S is obtained from actual field observations; alternatively, it can be calculated from
safe stopping sight distance considerations involving total reaction time and braking distance,
and the length of the vehicles, L, in metres –

Realizing the inadequacy of this approach, the Highway Research Board Committee on
Highway Capacity (U.S), headed by O.K. Normann, conducted research in this direction and
published the Highway Capacity Manual in 1950; this was later revised in 1965, 1985 and 2000
with further improvements combining experimental and mathematical models of traffic flow.
SOURCE: http://www.engineeringenotes.com/transportation-engineering/traffic-
engineering/highway-capacity-definition-importance-factors-and-formula/48457

AASHTO- The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)
is a standards setting body which publishes specifications, test protocols and guidelines which are
used in highway design and construction throughout the United States. Despite its name, the
association represents not only highways but air, rail, water, and public transportation as well.

SOURCE:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_of_State_Highway_and_Transportation_Officials

AASHTO is a nonprofit, nonpartisan association representing highway and transportation departments

in the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. It represents all five transportation modes:
air, highways, public transportation, rail, and water. Its primary goal is to foster the development,
operation, and maintenance of an integrated national transportation system.

As the voice of transportation, AASHTO works to educate the public and key decision makers about the
critical role that transportation plays in securing a good quality of life and sound economy for our
nation. AASHTO serves as a liaison between state departments of transportation and the Federal
government. AASHTO is an international leader in setting technical standards for all phases of highway
system development. Standards are issued for design, construction of highways and bridges, materials,
and many other technical areas.

AASHTO serves as a catalyst for excellence in transportation by offering smart solutions and promising
practices; critical information, training and data; direct technical assistance to states; and unchallenged
expertise.

IHS Markit carries all AASHTO specifications, provisional standards, standard test methods,
recommended practices, guide specifications, manuals, the Bridge Welding Code, annual meeting
procedures, the Reference Book of Member Department Personnel & Committees, U.S. Numbered
Highways, and interstates research.

SOURCE: https://global.ihs.com/standards.cfm?publisher=AASHTO

ITE- The Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) is an international educational and scientific
association of transportation professionals who are responsible for meeting mobility and safety
needs. ITE facilitates the application of technology and scientific principles to research, planning,
functional design, implementation, operation, policy development and management for any mode of
ground transportation. Through its products and services, ITE promotes professional development of
its members, supports and encourages education, stimulates research, develops public awareness
programs and serves as a conduit for the exchange of professional information
ITE is also a standards development organization designated by the United States Department of
Transportation (USDOT). One of the current standardization efforts is the advanced transportation
controller. ITE is also commonly known for publishing articles about trip generation, parking
generation, and parking demand. The most recent publication of ITE on parking generation is the 4th
edition of Parking Generation

SOURCE: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Transportation_Engineers

DPWH- The Philippines' Department of Public Works and Highways (Filipino: Kagawaran ng mga
Pagawain at Lansangang Pambayan), abbreviated as DPWH, is the executive department of the
Philippine government solely vested with the Mandate to “be the State's engineering and
construction arm” and, as such, it is “tasked to carry out the policy” of the State to “maintain an
engineering and construction arm and continuously develop its technology, for the purposes of
ensuring the safety of all infrastructure facilities and securing for all public works and highways the
highest efficiency and the most appropriate quality in construction” and shall be responsible for “(t)he
planning, design, construction and maintenance of infrastructure facilities, especially national
highways, flood control and water resources development systems, and other public works in
accordance with national development objectives,” provided that, the exercise of which “shall be
decentralized to the fullest extent feasible.”
SOURCE: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Public_Works_and_Highways

MMDA- The Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (Filipino: Pangasiwaan sa

Pagpapaunlad ng Kalakhang Maynila, MMDA), is an agency of the Republic of the Philippines
created embracing the cities of Manila, Quezon City, Caloocan, Pasay, Mandaluyong, Makati, Pasig,
Marikina, Muntinlupa, Las Piñas, Parañaque, Valenzuela, Malabon, Taguig, Navotas and San Juan
and the municipality of Pateros. Metropolitan Manila, or the National Capital Region, is constituted
into a special development and administrative region subject to direct supervision of the Office of the
President of the Philippines. The MMDA office is located at Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA)
corner Orense Street, Guadalupe, Makati, Philippines.
The MMDA performs planning, monitoring and coordinative functions, and in the process exercises
regulatory and supervisory authority over the delivery of metro-wide services within Metro Manila
without diminution of the autonomy of the local government units concerning purely local matters.
The agency is headed by a Chairman, who is appointed by, and continues to hold office at the
discretion of, the President. The Chairman is vested with the rank, rights, privileges,
disqualifications, and prohibitions of a cabinet member.
SOURCE: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Manila_Development_Authority

DoTr- The Department of Transportation (DOTr; Filipino: Kagawarán ng Transportasyon) is the

executive department of the Philippine government responsible for the maintenance and expansion
of viable, efficient, and dependable transportation systems as effective instruments for national
recovery and economic progress.
The department is responsible for the country's land, air, sea communications infrastructure.
Until June 30, 2016, the department was named Department of Transportation and
Communications (DOTC; Filipino: Kagawarán ng Transportasyón at Komunikasyón). With Republic
Act No. 10844 or "An Act Creating the Department of Information and Communications Technology",
signed into law on May 20, 2016 during the administration of Outgoing President Benigno Aquino III,
the Information and Communications Technology Office was spun off the Department of Science
and Technology (DOST) and merged with all operative units of the DOTC dealing with
communications, to form the new Department of Information and Communications Technology
SOURCE: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Transportation_(Philippines)

LTO- The Land Transportation Office (Filipino: Tanggapan ng Transportasyong-Lupa or LTO) is

an agency of the Philippine government under the Department of Transportation and is responsible
for all land transportation in the Philippines. Functions of the Land Transportation Office include the
inspection and registration of motor vehicles, issuance of license and permits, enforcement of land
transportation rules and regulations, adjudication of traffic cases, and the collection of revenues for
the government of the Philippines.[1]
Its primary mission is to rationalize the land transportation services and facilities and to effectively
implement the various transportation laws, rules, and regulations. It believes that it is the
responsibility of those involved in the public service to be more vigilant in their part in the over-all
development scheme of national leadership. Hence, the promotion of safety and comfort in land
travel is one of LTO's continuing commitments.[2] It aims to be a frontline government agency that
showcases fast and efficient public service for a progressive land transport sector
SOURCE: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Transportation_Office_(Philippines)

LTFRB- The Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (Abbreviation: LTFRB;
Filipino: Lupon sa Pagpaprangkisa at Regulasyon ng Transportasyong-Lupa) is an agency of the
Republic of the Philippines under the Department of Transportation (DOTr). The LTFRB was
established on June 19, 1987, during the former president Corazon Aquino’s administration.
The LTFRB is responsible for promulgating, administering, enforcing, and monitoring compliance of
policies, laws, and regulations of public land transportation services. The agency is in charge of
granting franchises or accreditations and regulating public vehicles such as Public Utility Buses
(PUBs), Mini-buses, Public Utility Jeepneys (PUJs), Utility Vehicle (UV) Express Services, Filcab
service, school services, taxies, Transportation Network Vehicle Services (TNVS), and Tourist
Transport Services.
SOURCE: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Transportation_Franchising_and_Regulatory_Board

PNP HPG- Philippine National Police Highway Patrol Group