GROUP 3 SWING DEVICE

1. STRUCTURE
Swing device consists swing motor, swing reduction gear.
Swing motor include mechanical parking valve, relief valve, make up valve and time delay valve.

R/G grease port(PT 1/4) Reduction gear

PG SH Dr

Mu

A,B GB GA
B A
DR
Air vent port(PT 1/4) Swing motor

Port Port name Port size

SH
A, B Main port 凱20
PG
DB Drain port PF 1/2
Mu Make up port PF 1
GA, GB Gauge port PF 1/4
PG Brake release stand by port PF 1/4
SH Brake release pilot port PF 1/4
Dr DR Gear oil drain port PF 1/2

GB GA
3009SH2SM01

B(CW) Mu A(CCW)
Hydraulic circuit

2-55
 1) SWING MOTOR

48

7 9 8 5 17 16 15 11 12 46,47 13 14 29 28 49,50

44 45
41

31

33
32
35

34

36
37
38
39
40
42,43
2 6 3 4 1 10 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 30 25 27

300H2SM02

1 Body 18 Piston 35 Spring

2 Shaft 19 Plate 36 Reverse prevention
3 Snap ring 20 Friction plate 37 Plug
4 Plate 21 O-ring 38 Back up ring
5 Roller bearing 22 O-ring 39 O-ring
6 Cover 23 Brake piston 40 O-ring
7 Oil seal 24 Spring 41 Relief valve assy
8 O-ring 25 Rear cover 42 Plug
9 Snap ring 26 O-ring 43 O-ring
10 Shoe plate 27 Roller bearing 44 Plug
11 Cylinder block 28 Snap ring 45 Plug
12 Spring seat 29 Pin 46 Time delay valve assy
13 Spring 30 Valve plate 47 Wrench bolt
14 Snap ring 31 Wrench bolt 48 Level gauge
15 Pin 32 Plug 49 Name plate
16 Ball guide 33 O-ring 50 Rivet
17 Set plate 34 Poppet

2-56
2) REDUCTION GEAR

14
37 4 5 38 24 26 15 23 20 16 17 22 21
19 18

33
34
25
32

35

30 28 29

10 11
1 3 31 37 2 36 7 12 9 8 13 27
6

3009SH2SM02

1 Casing 14 Carrier assy 1 27 Socket bolt

2 Drive shaft 15 Carrier 1 28 Cover plate
3 Roller bearing 16 Planet gear 1 29 Hexagon bolt
4 Oil seal 17 Pin assy 1 30 Spacer
5 Roller bearing 18 Pin 1 31 Spacer ring
6 Carrier assy 2 19 Bushing 1 32 Thrust plate 3
7 Carrier 2 20 Side plate 1 33 Pinion gear
8 Planet gear 2 21 Side plate 2 34 Lock plate
9 Pin assy 2 22 Stop ring 35 Hexagon bolt
10 Pin 2 23 Spring pin 36 Plug
11 Bushing 2 24 Sun gear 2 37 Plug
12 Thrust washer 25 Sun gear 1 38 Knock pin
13 Spring pin 26 Ring gear

2-57
2. FUNCTION
1) ROTARY PART
When high pressurized oil enters a cylinder through port (a), which is the inlet of valve plate (30),
hydraulic pressure acting on the piston causes axial force F. The pressure force F works via the
piston (18) upon the retainer (17) which acts upon the shoe plate (10) via an hydrostatic bearing.
Force F1 perpendicular to shoe plate (10) and force F2 perpendicular to cylinder center.
Being transferred to the cylinder block (11) through piston, force F2 causes rotational moment at
surroundings of cylinder.
Since cylinder block has 9 equidistantly arrayed pistons, rotational torque is transmitted to cylinder
shaft in order by several pistons connected to the inlet port of high pressurized oil. When the
direction of oil flow is reversed, rotational direction of cylinder is also reversed. Output torque is
given by the equation.
p×q F
T= , q=Z·A·PCD·tanθ, F1 = , F2=F tanθ , S=PCD×tanθ
2Л COSθ

Where p : Effective difference of pressure (kgf/cm2)

q : Displacement (cc/rev)
T : Output torque (kgf·cm)
Z : Piston number (9EA)
A : Piston area (cm2)
θ : Tilting angle of swash plate (degree)
S : Piston stroke (cm)

Low High
pressure oil pressure oil

F1 F2

30

10 17 18 11
3009SH2SM03

2-58
2) RELIEF VALVE
(1) Structure

12
9
11 1 Body
2 Poppet seat
10 3 Poppet
7 4 Spring
5 8 5 Spring seat
6 Stopper
6 7 O-ring
14
8 Shockless valve
9 Nut
1 13 10 Stopper plug
11 O-ring
4 12 Back up ring
13 O-ring
3 14 Back up ring

2
300H2SM08

(2) Function
When the port from control valve to motor is closed, swing movement stops. However, motor
continues rotating because of the swing inertia of the excavator's upper body. By doing so, motor
is damaged by the gradual rising of the pressure at the exit.
To prevent this damage, relief valve discharge the gradual rising pressure from the exit to the
entrance which has lower pressure.

300H2SM16
A

2-59
(3) Operation of relief valve
① At the beginning of turning
Turning swing control lever works to rise the pressure of RA port up. When this pressure oil
press plunger to the right, and then sustain the power of the spring, the plunger moves to the
right and release the pressure oil of RA port to RB port. The plunger moves slowly by the
pressure oil which flows into chamber 1 through orifice1.

PLUNGER SPRING ORIFICE 1 ORIFICE 2

RB

RA

3009SH2SM04

② The pressure oil flowed into chamber 1 flows into chamber 2 through orifice 2, and at this point,
the plunger moves to the left again, when the spring is compressed by the flowed pressure oil
which press the spool to the left.
When the RA port pressure goes up much more and the set pressure overcome the power of
the compressed spring again, the plunger moves to the right and the pressure has of RA port is
released to RB port. Thus, at the early stage of the relief valve operation, it works primarily at
lower pressure, after then, shock is reduced during rotating at the set pressure as the secondary
operation.

CHAMBER 1 ORIFICE 2 CHAMBER 2

RB

RA

SPOOL

3009SH2SM05

2-60
③ During swing operation
During swing operation, RA port pressure goes up and RB port pressure goes down. Thus RA
port pressure oil flows into chamber 3, and pushes plunger to the left with a high pressure and
the power of the spring.

CHAMBER 3
RA

RB

SPRING

3009SH2SM06

④ When it stop
When it stops or operates reversely, RA port pressure is extremely lowered and RB port
pressure gradually goes up because of the swing inertia from the upper swing part of excavator.
Consequently, relief valve operates as the same order as previous page ②, and maintains the
set pressure by releasing the high pressure of RB port to RA port.

PLUNGER SPRING ORIFICE 1 ORIFICE 2

RA

RB

CHAMBER 1 SPOOL CHAMBER 2

3009SH2SM07

2-61
3) SWING PARKING BRAKE & TIME DELAY
Swing parking brake consists of many wet friction plate. The brake is usually held with the power of
spring, and it only removed by pilot pressure.
(1) Parking brake off
When it is on the control lever(swing or other operations), SH moves the spool which places in
delay valve to the left. At this point, the waiting PG flows into chamber 1 by passing the spool.
Consequently, the brake piston which pushes the friction plate moves upside and brake is
disabled.

Motor Time Delay Valve

Spring

-PG-

SH
Friction Brake Chamber 1 Spool Pilot signal from
plate piston control valve
300H2SM17

(2) Parking brake on

When control lever is neutral, the spool in delay valve moves to the right, and blocks up PG port.
At this point, the PG in chember 1 is discharged to the drain port through orifice. The orifice in
delay valve flows the PG in chamber 1 slowly and it takes about six seconds to brake after stop
swinging.

Motor Time Delay Valve

Spring
Orifice

-PG-

Drain

SH
Friction Brake Chamber 1 Spool Return to tank
plate piston
300H2SM18A

2-62
4) MAKE UP VALVE
When swing stops, discharging pressure oil in the pump is not provided to motor because it is
blocked up at the control valve. However, the upper swing body of excavator continues rotating with
swing inertia. Thus, swing motor rotate a little bit more in the condition withough providing pressure
oil. Consequently, cavitation occurs. To prevent this cavitation, make up check valve inhales
pressure oil from the tank line of excavator through MU port to supplement insufficient oil during
swinging motor.

A MU B
Make up check valve

300H2SM19

2-63
5) REVERSE PREVENTION VALVE
(1) How to work
① At the beginning of swinging
When it swings with control lever, poppet of reversal prevention valve moves to the right.
Thus, it swings as the bypass orifice and the path are blocked up.

Bypass orifice
A Port B Port

Orifice Poppet Bypass passage

3009SH2SM08

② When swinging stop

When control lever is neutral, both sides of ports in hydraulic motor are blocked. However, the
upper swing body of excavator continues swinging for a while, because of the swing inertia, and
motor of B port stops swinging by forming brake pressure. However, it rotates to reversal
direction after stopping swinging by compressing power of brake pressure oil.
After primary reverse swing, the secondary reversal pressure occurs at B port. When poppet of
reversal valve slowly moves to neutral by the orifice effect, the swing stops, because the
pressure is not formed by passing pressure oil in B port to A port through bypass.

A Port B Port

3009SH2SM09

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