GATEWAY OF INDIA

The Gateway of India was built to commemorate the visit of King George V and Queen Mary to Mumbai, prior to the Delhi Durbar, in

December 1911. However, they only got to see a cardboard model of the structure since the construction did not begin till 1915. [12] The

foundation stone was laid on March 31, 1911, by the governor of Bombay Sir George Sydenham Clarke, with the final design of George

Wittetsanctioned on March 31, 1914. The gateway was built from yellow basalt and concrete. [13] Between 1915 and 1919, work

proceeded at Apollo Bundar (Port) to reclaim the land on which the gateway and the new sea wall would be built. The foundations were

completed in 1920, and construction was finished in 1924. [14] The gateway was opened on December 4, 1924, by the Viceroy, the Earl of

Reading.[6]

The last British troops to leave India following the country's independence, the First Battalion of the Somerset Light Infantry, passed

through the Gateway on their way out in a ceremony on February 28, 1948, signalling the end of British rule.

Former names Gilbert

General Information

Architectural style Indo-Saracenic

Location Mumbai, Maharashtra

Elevation 10 m (33 ft)

Construction started 31 March 1911

Completed 1924

Inaugurated 4 December 1924

Cost ₹ 2.1 million (1911)

Owner Archaeological Survey of India

Height 26 m (85 ft)

Dimensions

Diameter 15 metres (49 feet)

Design and construction

 Architect George Wittet

Architecture firm Gammon India[1]

Renovating team

Architect George Wittet

The Gateway of India is a monument built during the 20th century in Mumbai City of Maharashtra state in Western India.[2] It is located

on the waterfront in the Apollo Bunder area in South Mumbai and overlooks the Arabian Sea. The structure is a basalt arch, 26 metres

(85 feet) high. It lies at the end of Chhatrapati Shivaji Marg at the water's edge in Mumbai Harbour. It was a crude jetty used by the

fishing community which was later renovated and used as a landing place for British governors and other prominent people. In earlier

times, it would have been the first structure that visitors arriving by boat in Mumbai would have seen. The Gateway has also been

referred to as theTaj Mahal of Mumbai,] and is the city's top tourist attraction.[9] The India Gate in New Delhi is similar to the Gateway of

India in Mumbai. The structure was erected to commemorate the landing of King George V and Queen Mary at Apollo Bunder, when they

visited India in 1911. Built in Indo-Saracenic style, the foundation stone for the Gateway of India was laid on 31 March 1911. The final

design of George Wittet was sanctioned in 1914 and the construction of the monument was completed in 1924. The Gateway was later

the ceremonial entrance to India for Viceroys and the new Governors of Bombay.[10] It served to allow entry and access to India. [11]

The monument has witnessed three terror attacks from the beginning of the 21st century; twice in 2003 and it was also the

disembarkation point in 2008 when four gunmen attacked the Taj Mahal Palace & Tower.

Parliament House (India)

General information

Status Functioning

Town or city New Delhi

Country  India

Construction started 1912

Opening 1927

Owner Government of India

Design and construction

 Architect Edwin Lutyens andHerbert Baker

The Sansad Bhawan (Parliament Building) is the house of the Parliament of India, located in New Delhi.

Parliament House

India
The Sansad Bhawan is the house of the Parliament of India, located in New Delhi.Wikipedia

Address: Sansad Marg, Janpath, Connaught Place, New Delhi, Delhi 110001

Opened: 1927
Phone: 011 2303 4521
Construction started: 1912
Architects: Edwin Lutyens, Herbert Baker

History[edit]

Originally called the House of Parliament, it was designed by the British architect Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker in 1912-1913 and
construction began in 1921. The opening ceremony of the Parliament House, then called the Central Legislative Assembly, was
performed on 18 January 1927 by Lord Irwin, the then Viceroy of India. The third session of Central Legislative Assembly was held in
this house on 19 January 1927. [1]

The Parliament Museum, opened in 2006, stands next to the Parliament House.

Sansad Marg, Janpath, Connaught Place, New Delhi, Delhi 110001

Parliament House, Address

Rashtrapati Bhavan

Location in New Delhi, Delhi, India

Architectural style Delhi Order[1]

Location New Delhi, Delhi, India

Current tenants Pranab Mukherjee,President of India

Construction started 1912

Completed 1929[2]

Technical details

Floor area 200,000 sq ft (19,000 m2)

Design and construction

 Architect Edwin Lutyens

The Rashtrapati Bhavan   pronunciation (help·info), "Presidential Residence") is the official home of the President of India,
located in New Delhi, India. It may refer to only the mansion (the 340-room main building) that has the president's official residence,
halls, guest rooms and offices; it may also refer to the entire 130-hectare (320 acre) President Estate that additionally includes huge
presidential gardens (Mughal Gardens), large open spaces, residences of bodyguards and staff, stables, other offices and utilities within
its perimeter walls. The main palace building was formerly known as Viceroy's House. In terms of area, was the largest residence of a
head of state in the world until thePresidential Complex of Turkey opened 29 October 2014 [citation needed].

History[edit]

This decision to build a residence in New Delhi for the British Viceroy was taken after it was decided during the Delhi Durbar in 1910 that
the capital of India would be relocated from Calcutta (Kolkata) to Delhi. When the plan for a new city, New Delhi, adjacent to and south
of Old Delhi, was developed in the beginning of the 20th century, the new palace for the Viceroy of India was given an enormous size
and prominent position. About 4,000 acres of land was acquired to begin the construction of Viceroy's House, as it was officially called,
and adjacent Secretariat Building between 1911 and 1916 by relocating Raisina and Malcha villages that existed there and their 300
families under theLand & Acquisition Act.[3][4]

The British architect Edwin Landseer Lutyens, a major member of the city-planning process, was given the primary architectural
responsibility. The completed Governor-General's palace turned out very similar to the original sketches which Lutyens sent Herbert
Baker, from Simla, on 14 June 1912. Lutyens' design is grandly classical overall, with colours and details inspired by Indian architecture.
Lutyens and Baker who had been assigned to work on Viceroy's House and the Secretariats, began on friendly terms. Baker had been
assigned to work on the two secretariat buildings which were in front of Viceroy's House. The original plan was to have Viceroy's House
on the top of Raisina Hill, with the secretariats lower down. It was later decided to build it 400 yards back, and put both buildings on top
of the plateau. While Lutyens wanted Viceroy's House to be higher, he was forced to move it back from the intended position, which
resulted in a dispute with Baker. After completion, Lutyens argued with Baker, because the view of the front of the building was
obscured by the high angle of the road.

Lutyens campaigned for its fixing, but was not able to get it to be changed. Lutyens wanted to make a long inclined grade all the way to
Viceroy's House with retaining walls on either side. While this would give a view of the house from further back, it would also cut through
the square between the secretariat buildings. The committee with Lutyens and Baker established in January 1914 said the grade was to
be no steeper than 1 in 25, though it eventually was changed to 1 in 22, a steeper gradient which made it more difficult to see the
Viceroy's palace. While Lutyens knew about the gradient, and the possibility that the Viceroy's palace would be obscured by the road, it
is thought that Lutyens did not fully realise how little the front of the house would be visible. In 1916 the Imperial Delhi committee
dismissed Lutyens's proposal to alter the gradient. Lutyens thought Baker was more concerned with making money and pleasing the
government, rather than making a good architectural design.

Lutyens travelled between India and England almost every year for twenty years, to work on construction of Viceroy's House in both
countries. Lutyens reduced the building from 13,000,000 cubic feet (370,000 m3) to 8,500,000 cubic feet (240,000 m3) because of the
budget restrictions of Lord Hardinge. While Hardinge demanded that costs be reduced, he nevertheless wanted the house to retain a
certain amount of ceremonial grandeur.

When Chakravarti Rajagopalachari assumed the office as the first Governor General of India and became the occupant of this building he
preferred to stay in a few rooms which is now the family wing of the President and converted the then Viceroy's apartments into the
Guest Wing where visiting heads of state stay while in India.

On 26 January 1950, when Rajendra Prasad became the first President of India and occupied this building, it was renamed as
Rashtrapati Bhavan – the President's House.

Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya

Established 10 January 1922

Location M. G. Road, Fort, Mumbai, India

Collection size approx. 50,000 artefacts[1]

Director

Sabyasachi Mukherjee[2]

The Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya (CSMVS), formerlyPrince of Wales Museum of Western India, is the
main museum in Mumbai,Maharashtra [3] It was found in the early years of the 20th century by prominent citizens of Mumbai, with the
help of the government, to commemorate the visit of the then prince of Wales. It is located in the heart of South Mumbai near
theGateway of India. The museum was renamed in the 1990s or early 2000s afterShivaji, the founder of Maratha Empire. Prior to
this, Dr. Bhau Daji Lad Museum, formerly the Victoria and Albert Museum, was established in 1855, just opposite Byculla railway station,
Mumbai. This museum is located in side the Victoria Garden, now called Jijamata Udyaan. This Gothic architecture building was revived a
few years ago by the Mumbai municipal corporation authorities.

The building is built in the Indo-Saracenic style of architecture, incorporating elements of other styles of architecture like the Mughal,
Maratha and Jain. The museum building is surrounded by a garden of palm trees and formal flower beds.
The museum houses approximately 50,000 exhibits of ancient Indian history as well as objects from foreign lands, categorized primarily
into three sections: Art, Archaeology and Natural History. The museum houses Indus Valley Civilizationartefacts, and other relics from
ancient India from the time of the Guptas,Mauryas, Chalukyas and Rashtrakuta.[4]

History[edit]

In 1904, some leading citizens of Bombay decided to provide a museum to commemorate the visit of the Prince of Wales, the future King
George V. On 22 June 1904, the committee passed a resolution saying:

"The building should have a handsome and noble structure befitting the site selected, and in keeping with the best style of local
architecture".

The foundation stone was laid by the Prince of Wales on the 11 November 1905 and the museum was formally named "Prince of Wales
Museum of Western India".[1] On 1 March 1907, the government of the Bombay Presidency granted the museum committee a piece of
land called the "Crescent Site", where the museum now stands. Following an open design competition, in 1909 the architect George
Wittet was commissioned to design the Museum building. Wittet had already worked on the design of the General Post Office and in
1911 would design one of Mumbai's most famous landmarks, the Gateway of India.[5]

The museum was funded by the Royal Visit (1905) Memorial Funds. Additionally, the Government and the Municipality granted Rs.
300,000 and Rs. 250,000 respectively. Sir Currimbhoy Ibrahim (first Baronet) donated another Rs. 300,000 and Sir Cowasji
Jehangir gave Rs. 50,000. The Museum was established under Bombay Act No. III of 1909. The museum is now maintained by annual
grants from the Government and the Bombay Municipal Corporation. The latter pays for these grants from the interest accruing on the
funds at the disposal of the Trust of the Museum.

The museum building was completed in 1915, but was used as a Children's Welfare Centre and a Military Hospital during the First World
War, before being handed over to the committee in 1920. The Prince of Wales Museum was inaugurated on January 10, 1922, by Lady
Lloyd, the wife of George Lloyd, Governor of Bombay.[6]

The museum building is a Grade I Heritage Building of the city and was awarded first prize (Urban Heritage Award) by the Bombay
Chapter of the Indian Heritage Society for heritage building maintenance in 1990. In 1998 the Museum was renamed Chhatrapati Shivaji
Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya after the warrior king and founder of the Maratha Empire,Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj.[7] The museum was
renamed after the renaming of the city in 1995, when the colonial name "Bombay" was replaced by the native "Mumbai" [8]

Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus

Architectural style Indo-Saracenic

Town or city Mumbai, Maharashtra

Country  India

Construction May 1878[1][2]

started

Completed May 1888[1]

Cost ₹1614000 (US$24,000)(at that time) Now, ₹2013.4

million(US$30 million)

Client Bombay Presidency

Design and construction

Architect Frederick William Stevens, Axel Haig

Engineer Wilson Bell

UNESCO World Heritage Site

 Type Cultural

Criteria ii, iv

Designated 2004 (28th session)

Reference no. 945

State party  India

Language English

Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (CST), formerly Victoria Terminus(VT), is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and an historic railway
station in Mumbai Maharashtra, India which serves as the headquarters of the Central Railways. Designed by Frederick William
Stevens with influences from Victorian Italianate Gothic Revival architecture and traditional Mughal buildings, the station was built in
1887 in the Bori Bunder area of Mumbai to commemorate theGolden Jubilee of Queen Victoria. The new railway station was built on the
location of the Bori Bunder Station [3] and is one of the busiest railway stations in India, [4] serving as a terminal for both long-distance
trains and commuter trains of the Mumbai Suburban Railway. The station's name was changed to its present one in March 1996 and it is
now known simply as CST (or CSTM).

History[edit]

Bori Bunder (alternatively "Bori Bandar") was one of the areas along the Eastern shore line of Mumbai, India which was used as a
storehouse for goods imported and exported from Mumbai. In the area's name, 'Bori' means sack and 'Bandar' means port or haven (in
Marathi); So Bori Bunder literally means a place where sacks are stored. In the 1850s, the Great Indian Peninsular Railway built its
railway terminus in this area and the station took its name as Bori Bunder. On 16 April 1853 the Great Indian Peninsula Railway
operated the historic first passenger train in India from Bori Bunder to Thane covering a distance of 34 km (21 mi), formally heralding
the birth of the Indian Railways. The train between Bori Bunder and Thane took 57 minutes at a distance of 35 km (22 mi) apart.

Construction[edit]

The station was eventually rebuilt as the Victoria Terminus, named after the then reigning Queen, and has been subsequently renamed
Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (CSTM) after the 17th-century king. The shortened name is now CST.

The station was designed by the consulting British architectFrederick William Stevens (1848-1900). Work began in 1878. He
received ₹1614000 (US$24,000) as the payment for his services.[1]Stevens earned the commission to construct the station after a
masterpiece watercolour sketch by draughtsman Axel Haig.[1] The final design bears some resemblance to St Pancras railway
station inLondon.[1][5] GG Scott's plans for Berlin's parliament building had been published four years before, and also has marked
similarities to the station's design.[6] Crawford market is also located near CSTM.

Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus

Railway station
Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, formerly Victoria Terminus, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and an historic railway station in Mumbai
Maharashtra, India which serves as the headquarters of the Central Railways. Wikipedia

Address: Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus Area, Fort, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400001

Opened: 1887
Architectural style: Indo-Saracenic Revival architecture
Construction started: May 1878
Architects: Frederick William Stevens,Axel Haig