WORKSHEET No.

Name: MELLIZO, MICA ELLA B. Date Submitted: 12/19/22

Professor: MS. JHASMIN MARIE B. MENDOZA Score:

This learning instrument will provide you with an opportunity to understand the Chain of
Custody in of photographic evidence and prepare them for court use

ESSAY. In at least 200 words, explain the importance of having a “chain of custody”
for photographic images.

- The importance of the chain of custody for evidence and accurate record-keeping
when handling evidence is a key aspect of investigations and information gathering.
All Investigators, whether in law enforcement or other investigations (including
corporate investigations), should be equipped and familiar with the knowledge and
process relating to the chain of custody of evidence. This will ensure accurate and
reliable evidence being able to be presented. Subsequently, the outcome or decision
made for the matter can be done so with all evidence being considered equally. Chain
of Custody is a term referring to the order and way physical or electronic evidence in
investigations is handled. It is important to show that all evidence was handled in line
with best practice procedures, by documenting all relevant details in the ‘Chain of
Custody’ document. Items found to form part of an inadequate or inaccurate chain of
custody document may be deemed inadmissible.

WORKSHEET No. 6
Name: MELLIO, MICA ELLA B. Date Submitted: 12/19/22
Professor: MS. JHASMIN MARIE B. MENDOZA Score:

This learning instrument will provide you with an opportunity to understand the legal
foundation of photographic evidence for the administration of justice

ESSAY. Using at least 100 words, answer the following concisely.

1. Explain why it is not necessary that the photographer who took the photograph be
the one to authenticate it.

- A very significant application of images as evidence, and possibly the most prevalent
one, is the use as explanatory or illustrative evidence, and their objective is to help the
jury to better comprehend the testimony of the witnesses. Cases exhibiting the use of
images as explanatory evidence, may be found in the reports of every state. The
application can be better appreciated by analyzing some of the reported examples.

2. Explain why photographs are worthy only of what they show and prove, not what
they do not speak of including the events they failed to capture.

- A very significant application of images as evidence, and possibly the most prevalent
one, is the use as explanatory or illustrative evidence, and their objective is to help the
jury to better comprehend the testimony of the witnesses. Cases exhibiting the use of
images as explanatory evidence, may be found in the reports of every state. The
application can be better appreciated by analyzing some of the reported examples.

WORKSHEET No. 7

Name: MELLIZO, MICA ELLA B. Date Submitted: 12/19/22

Professor: MS. JHASMIN MARIE B. MENDOZA Score:

This learning instrument will provide you with an opportunity to understand how
photographs are accepted in court as a form of evidence.

ESSAY. In at least 200 words, discuss the “pictorial testimony” and “silent witness”
theory of photographic evidence. Cite examples.
- These two theories represent a departure from earlier requirements, which required
authenticating testimony from the photographer and/or an expert witness regarding the
reliability of the recording process. Notwithstanding the ease with which photographs
or videos may now be introduced into evidence, a trial judge may still require expert
testimony. For example, when a defense seeks to minimize the injury to the plaintiff’s
person by showing minor injury to the vehicle via photographs, expert testimony may
be required. Thus, before photographic evidence is used at trial, the trial attorney must
consider the purpose of the photo evidence and the need for expert testimony. To
discuss these theories or another matter, contact an attorney with
our subrogation practice.

WORKSHEET No. 8

Name: MELLIZO, MICA ELLA B. Date Submitted: 12/19/22

Professor: MS. JHASMIN MARIE B. MENDOZA Score:

This learning instrument will provide you with an opportunity to understand the
importance of photographs as a form of evidence in court

Identification:

1. A daguerreotype was first used in a case involving a forged signature on the land
grant
Answer: 1859

2. Photographs were first admitted as evidence in a civil case involving a train wreck

Answer: 1879

3. Accident photography was first used. The photograph taken was admitted in
evidence in court to assist the jury in understanding the case

Answer: 1875 ; “Plaintiff, in a horse and buggy, was injured when, in attempting to go
around a mudhole in the center of a road he drove off an unguarded embankment”

4. First legal use of black and white photographs for a criminal case

Answer: photographs are admissible in evidence

5. The usage of photographs for bullet comparison purposes that served as an example
to future cases of firearms identification

Answer: 1902

6. Approval of fingerprint photographs in the United States for identification purposes

Answer: 1911

7. Appellate court first upheld the use of colored photographs as evidence

Answer: 1943