English 10

Sonnets

From the Italian Sonetto, which means “a little sound or song”, The
sonnet is a popular classical form that has compelled poets for centuries.
Traditionally, the sonnet is a fourteen-line poem written in iambic pentameter,
which employ one of several rhyme schemes and adhere to a tightly
structured thematic organization. Two sonnet forms provide the models from
which all other sonnets are formed: the Petrarchan and the Shakespearean

Sonnet XVIII The White Doe (Translated by Anna Maria Armi)

William Shakespeare Francesco Petrarcha
(Shakespearean Sonnet) (Petrarchan Sonnet)
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? A A pure-white doe in an emerald glade A
Thou art more lovely and more temperate: B Appeared to me, with two antlers of gold, B
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, A Between two streams, under a laurel’s shade, A
And summer's lease hath all too short a date: B At sunrise, in the seasons bitter cold. B
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, C His sight was so suavely merciless C
And often is his gold complexion dimmed, D That I left work to follow at her leisure, D
And every fair from fair sometime declines, C Like the miser who looking for his treasure D
By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed: D Sweetens with that delight his bitterness. C
But thy eternal summer shall not fade, E Around her lovely neck “Do not touch me” E
Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st, F Was written with topaz and diamond stone F
Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade,E “My Caesar’s will has been to make me free.” E
When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st, F Already toward noon had climbed the sun, F
So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, G My weary eyes were not sated to see, E
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. G When I fell in the stream and she was gone F

Shakespearean Sonnet

- Has fourteen lines. The first twelve lines are divided into three quatrains with four lines each. In the three quatrains the
pot establishes a theme or problem and then resolved it in the final two lines called couplet.

Petrarchan Sonnet

- Has fourteen lines which are divided into two parts, the first part being an octave and the second being a sestet.

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Debate
- Two sides in the Oxford-Oregon debate (1. Affirmative 2. Negative)
- The two aims of the debate program are:
1. To enhance students’ intellectual abilities
2. to enhance students’ social/communicative skills
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Speeches
Argumentative speech – a type of speech that persuades others through logical reasoning
Impromptu speech - a type of speech that is done without planned or rehearsed.
Extemporaneous speech- a type of speech that is done with limited preparation based on research and original analysis.
Steps In Drafting A Speech
1. Identify your audience
2. Consider how to grab your listeners’ attention
3. Classify your position
4. Find support for your position
5. Decide how to present your arguments

Bibliography
APA Format
Book:
Author(s). (Year published). Title of Book:Captial letter for subtitle. City Where Published, State (if city can be confused):
Publisher.
Online Newspaper/Periodicals:
Author(s). (Year, Month Day). Title of article. Name of Newspaper or Periodical. Retrieved http://webaddress/full/url/

Online Scholarly Journal Articles:

Author(s). (Year published). Name of article. Name of Journal, number of journal(issue if available). Retrieved Month day, year,
from http://webaddress/full/url/
Online Encyclopedias and Dictionaries:
Title. (n.d. or date published) In Name of online resource. Retrieved Month date, year, from http://webaddress.
Television Broadcast or Series Episode:
Producer. (Date of broadcast or copyright). Title of broadcast [Television broadcast or Television series]. City of origin: Studio or
distributor.
Music Recording
Songwriter, Firstname. (Date of copyright). Title of song [Recorded by artist if different from song writer]. On Title of album
[Medium of recording]. Location: Label. (Recording date if different from copyright date).
Personal Interviews
(personal interviews are not included in reference page but citation can be included in the text as personal communication):
D. Adams, personal communication, August 20, 2008.

Example. 1974 - year published

Vanishing Wildlife of Philippines - Title of the book
Quezon City, Philippines – place of publication
National Geographic Society – Publisher
Allen, Ray T. - Author
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The Decameron
- Is a collection of novels written by Giovanni Boccaccio . The book is structured as a frame story containing 100 tales told.
- De ka means Ten
- Hemera means Goddess of daytime

English 9

Kind of Periodicals
 1. Scholarly Journals - original research and experimentation
2. Popular Magazines - articles on special interest
3. Trade Journals - latest news in business and other related economic
4. Broadcast media - current events

Types of prose

1. Narrative - tells a story

2. Descriptive - tend to be in exaggeration, ridicule or sarcasm
3. Discursive - attempts to influence the readers’ thoughts or behavior
4. Didactic- - intend to teach particularly in having moral instruction
5. Satiric - tend to be in exaggeration, ridicule or sarcasm

Diphthongs

ei as in eight
ai as in ties , bike
aw as in house , brown
ea as in bear
eu as in cues
oi sa in boy, toy
Jargons
- Special words or expressions used by a profession or professional
Ex. Suffrage which means the right of voting
Adverbs
1. Manner – how the action is done
Ex. Slowly – The student talks slowly.
2. Time – when the action happens
The students study every night.
3. Place – where the action happens
The student studys every night in the room.
4. Frequency
The students study always.
5. Intensity
The student study too well.

Kinds of Conditionals Used in expressing arguments

1. Hasty generalizations
2. Missing the point
3. Post hoc
4. Weak analogy
5. Appeal to authority

Interpret Non-Linear Texts