19.

7  Bottom Heave of a Cut in Clay 837

Table 19.5  Calculated Factors of Safety for Selected Case Records Compiled by Bjerrum and Eide (1956) and Calculated
by Chang (2000)

B H g c q FS Type of
Site (m) ByL (m) HyB (kNym3) (kNym2) (kNym2) [Eq. (19.20)] failure

Pumping station,
  Fornebu, Oslo 5.0 1.0 3.0 0.6 17.5 7.5 0 1.05 Total failure

Storehouse,
  Drammen 4.8 0 2.4 0.5 19.0 12 15 1.05 Total failure

Sewerage tank,
  Drammen 5.5 0.69 3.5 0.64 18.0 10 10 0.92 Total failure
Excavation,
  Grey Wedels
  Plass, Oslo 5.8 0.72 4.5 0.78 18.0 14 10 1.07 Total failure
Pumping station,
  Jernbanetorget,
  Oslo 8.5 0.70 6.3 0.74 19.0 22 0 1.26 Partial failure
Storehouse, Freia,
  Oslo 5.0 0 5.0 1.00 19.0 16 0 1.10 Partial failure
Subway, Chicago 16 0 11.3 0.70 19.0 35 0 1.00 Near failure


c
H
50

a b

d
P P
Figure 19.21  Force on the buried
a9 b9
length of sheet pile

Eq. (19.20); his findings are summarized in Table 19.5. It can be seen from this table
that the actual field observations agree well with the calculated factors of safety.
Equation (19.20) is recommended for use in this test. In most cases, a factor of
safety of about 1.5 is recommended.
In homogeneous clay, if FS becomes less than 1.5, the sheet pile is driven deeper.
(See Figure 19.21.) Usually, the depth d is kept less than or equal to By2, in which
case the force P per unit length of the buried sheet pile (aa9 and bb9) may be ex-
pressed as (U.S. Department of the Navy, 1971)

P 5 0.7sgHB 2 1.4cH 2 pcBd for d . 0.47B (19.21)

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