19.

3  Pressure Envelope for Braced-Cut Design 821

d1 d1
P1 1
d2/2
d2
d2/2
P2 2
d3/2
d3
d3/2
P3 3
d4/2
d4
d4/2
P4 4
d5/2
d5
d5/2

Figure 19.6  Procedure for calculating apparent-pressure diagram from measured strut loads

where
s1 , s2 , s3 , s4 5 apparent pressures
s 5 center { to { center horizontal spacing of the struts
Using the procedure just described for strut loads observed from the Berlin sub-
way cut, Munich subway cut, and New York subway cut, Peck (1969) provided the
envelope of apparent-lateral-pressure diagrams for design of cuts in sand. This enve-
lope is illustrated in Figure 19.7, in which

sa 5 0.65gHKa (19.5)
where
g 5 unit weight
H 5 height of the cut
Ka 5 Rankine active pressure coefficient 5 tan2s45 2 f9y2d
f9 5 effective friction angle of sand

Cuts in Clay
In a similar manner, Peck (1969) also provided the envelopes of apparent-­lateral-
pressure diagrams for cuts in soft to medium clay and in stiff clay. The pressure enve-
lope for soft to medium clay is shown in Figure 19.8 and is applicable to the condition
gH
.4
c
H a where c 5 undrained cohesion sf 5 0d.
Here gHyc is a dimensionless number that is used to separate soft to medium
clay from stiff clay.
The pressure, sa , is the larger of

3 1gH 24
4c
sa 5 gH 1 2

and (19.6)
Figure 19.7  Peck’s sa 5 0.3gH
(1969) apparent-pressure
envelope for cuts in sand where g 5 unit weight of clay.

Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.