CHAPTER- I V

STATUTORY WELFARE MEASURES

In this chapter an attempt has been made to

evaluate the performance of the sample units in respect

of compliance with the statutory welfare provisions

laid down in the Factories Act, 1948. The opinions of

the worker respondents on the welfare amenities have

been elicited and analysed. An attempt has also been

made to offer suggestions for the effective

implementation of the welfare measures.

HISTORY OF LABOUR LEGISLATION IN INDIA

In the early period of industrial development,

labour welfare was looked after mainly by social

workers, phiIanthrophists and other religious leaders

mostly on humanitarian grounds. As a result of rapid

growth of industries, the conditions of labour were

deteriorated. Exploitation of child labour, long hours

of work, bad sanitation, absence of safety measures

etc., were the regular features of factory life. As

this juncture, the need for legislative measures to

improve the working conditions in factories was very

 U9

much felt. The earliest legislative approach would be

traced back to passing of Apprentice Act of 1850. This

Act was helping poor and orphaned children to learn

various trades and crafts. The next Act was the Fatal

Accidents Act of 1853 which aimed at providing

comprehension to the families of workmen who lost their

life as a result of actionable wrong, then came the

Merchants Shipping Act of 1959 which regulated the

employment of Seaman and provided for their help,

accommodation etc. Earlier attempts at legislations in

the country were mainly aimed at regulation of

empIoyment.

The movement to improve the working conditions of

Indian labour started with passing of first Indian

Factories Act 1881. Under this Act, the employment of

children below the age of seven years was prohibited.

The subsequent amendments to the Act in the years 1891,

1911 and 1922 widened the definition of 'factory’

limiting the hours of work of woman employees,

prohibiting employment of women and children in certain

0

dangerous processes and restricted the number of hours

of work for all adult workers. However, in the light

C
 120

of the recommendation of Royal Commission of Labour,

all the previous legislations with regard to factories

were consolidated and replaced by a new Act of 1934.

Its primary object was to protect workers employed in

Factories against industrial and occupational hazards.

This Act was also amended several times in 1940, 1945,

1946 and 1947. These enactments strengthened

considerably the productive provisions of the Act

relating to the employment of children in factories and

introduced annual holiday with pay, 48 hours of work

and also canteen for workers. The whole of the

legislation was again recast in 1948.

FACTORIES ACT 1948

The Factories Act 1948^ aims at ensuring adequate

safety and promoting health and welfare of the workers

employed in Factories. In the context of the need to

secure maximum production and productivity, an

appropriate work culture conducive to safety, health

and happiness of the workers has to be evolved in the

factories. The Act widened the definition of the term

1. Constituent Assembly of Indian (with legislation)

Debates dt.30-1-1948, No.1, p.77.
 121

"factory’ extending the basic provisions relating to

health, safety and welfare to all workers which

requires prior scrutiny of plan and specification of

factory buildings besides raising the minimum age for

admission of children to employment.

The Factories (amendment) Act, 1972 brought many

changes relating to the modification of the definition

of the term 'worker’ so as to include within its

meaning contract labour employed in any manufacturing

process, improvement of provisions with regard to

safety and appointment of Safety Officers, reduction of

maximum number of women employees for the purpose of

creches by employers from 50 to 30 and provisions for

enquiry in every case of a total accident.

The Factories Act, 1948 consists of 11 chapters

with 120 sections. Chaptei—V of the Act deals with

welfare provisions. The Act is generally applicable to

every factory where ten or more workers are working

2. Gazette of India, May 29, 1976, Section 2, p.1001.

 122

with the aid of power or 20 or more without the aid of

power. The various welfare measures can be classified

into the categories, viz., those which must be provided

irrespective of the number of workers employed and

those to be provided subject to the employment of a

specified number of workers. The analysis of the

welfare measures is attempted below under the heading

statutory welfare measures.

STATUTORY WELFARE PROVISIONS AT SAMPLE UNITS

The employers in India are statutorily required to

comply with the provisions of various welfare

amenities. As mentioned in the chapter V of the

Factories Act, 1948, the amenities include, washing

facilities, facilities for storing and drying of

clothing, facilities for sitting, first aid appliances,

shelters, rest rooms and lunch rooms, canteen, creche

and appointment of Welfare Officer.

WASHING FACILITIES

The Royal Commission on Labour clearly stated that

the provisions of working facilities to all employees

should be there in the factory premises. The

 123

commission recommended that the workers engaged in

dirty processes, suitable place for washing and water

should be made available compulsorily.

Section 42 of the Factories Act, lays down that in

every factory (a) adequate and suitable facilities for

washing shall be provided and maintained for the use of

the workers therein, (b) separate and adequately

screened facilities shall be provided for the use of

male and female workers, and (c) such facilities shall

be conveniently accessible and shall be kept clean.

The units under study are manufacturing cement

which produce lot of dust in the factory premises, that

necessitates the appropriate provision of washing

facilities by the management. But, the management of

Ramakrishna provided only water taps in the open space

for the use of workers to wash off the dust. There are

no separate bathrooms for this purpose. At Durga,

there is only one bathroom provided for this purpose.

Satisfaction or otherwise of the workers in the

units regarding this facility is shown in Table-4.1.

 Tab Ie 4 .1

P e rc e n ta g e d is t r ib u t io n o f s e le c te d w o rk e rs c I a s s if ie d a c c o rd in g to
t h e ir o p in io n re g a rd in g w a s h in g f a c iI it ie s

R a m a k ris h n a D urga O v e ra I I
S I.N o . W ashing f a c iI it y
CO

CM
CM

r-
T~*

eg
2 3 .0 4

r*
S a tis fie d
CO

CO
CO

CO

3 5 .6 5

CM
S o -so 3 5 .0 0
CM
CO

■M-

CO

o
CO
4 1 .3 1

CO
N ot s a t is f ie d
I

1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1

1
1
1

1
1

1
i
1

1
1
1

1
!
I o

1 o
I o

| T*
1 o

1 o

1 o
1 o
1 •
1 o

1 o
1 o
1 o

1 T-
I o
1 •
T o ta l
124
 12 5

it is disheartening to note that majority of the total

respondents in both the units are not satisfied with

the working facility. Percentage of such workers

accounted for 41.31 while the workers who felt 'so-so’

regarding this facility accounted for 35.65 per cent.

Only 23.04 per cent of the total respondents were

satisfied with this facility. The reason for the

majority of the workers not being satisfied has been

due to less number of bathrooms for washing facility at

Durga and lack of separate bathrooms for this facility

at Ramakrishna. A personal enquiry with the workers

also coincides with this observation. As such, the

management of Ramakrishna should think of providing

separate bathrooms for washing facility and the

management of Durga should increase number of taps.

FACILITIES FOR STORING AND DRYING OF CLOTHING

Section 43 of Factories Act stipulates suitable

provision for keeping the clothes not worn during

working hours and for drying the wet clothes. This

facility requires the provision of seperate rooms,

pegs, lockers or other arrangements.

 126

Strictly speaking, almost all the traders require

the provision of facility for storing and drying of

clothes. The managements of Ramakrishna and Durga

provided this facility to the workers upto their

satisfaction. The same has been revealed in Table-4.2.

As high as 88.70 per cent of the total respondents

expressed satisfaction regarding this facility.

FACILITIES FOR SITTING

Section 44 of the Act specifies that in every

factory suitable arrangements for sitting shall be

provided and maintained for all workers obliged to work

in a standing position, in order that they may take

advantage of any apportunities for rest which may occur

in the course of their work.

The managements of Ramakrishna and Durga provided

the stools for workers for sitting purpose in kilns,

cement mills, Raw mills and power house where the

workers can sit for a wh i I e, at the same time can

observe the working of the machinery. This enables

them to take advantage of any opportunity for rest

which may accur in course of their work. Table 4.3

 T a b le - 4 .2
P e rc e n ta g e i
d is t r ib u t io n o f s e le c te d w o rk e rs c l s f ie d a c c o r d in g to
t h e ir o p in io n r e g a r d in g f a c i l i t i e s ,r s t o r in g and d r y in g o f c lo t h s

S I.No . O p in io n R a m a k ris h n a D u rg a O v e r a ll

1. S a t is f ie d 8 7 .5 0 9 0 .0 0 S' 70

2. S o -s o 8 .3 3 7 .2 7 7 .8 3
3. N ot s a t is f ie d 4 .1 7 2 .7 3 3 .4 7

T o ta l 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0
127
 T a b le 4 .3
P e rc e n ta g e d is t r ib u t io n o f s e le c te d w o rk e rs c la s s if ie d a c c o r d in g to
t h e ir o p in io n r e g a r d in g f a c i l i t i e s f o r s e t t in g

R a m a k ris h n a D u rg a O v e ra 1 1
S I.N o . F a c ilit ie s f o r s e t t in g
9 0 .9 1 8 9 .5 6

r*
S a t is f ie d 8 8 .3 3
7 .5 0 6 .3 6 6 .9 6

(M
S o -s o
4 .1 7 2 .7 3 3 .4 8

Cl
N ot s a t is f ie d
o
o
o

o
o

o
o

T o ta l 1 0 0 .0 0
128
 129

clearly shows that majority of the workers in botlr the

units accounting for 89.56 per cent are satisfied with

the facility provided by thir managements.

FIRST AID APPLIANCES

According to section 45 of the Factories Act,

every factory must provide and maintain first aid boxes

or cub boards equipped with the prescribed contents.

The number of such boxes must be not less than one for

every 150 workers and they should be kept in-charge of

a responsible person who holds a certificate in first

aid treatment recognised by State Government. These

should be readily accessible during all working hours.

In case there are more than 500 workers, an ambulance

room of the prescribed size and containing the

prescribed equipment is to be provided under the charge

of a qualified medical and nursing staff.

This facility is made available at both the units.

At Durga, ambulence room is also there with a qualified

doctor and nursing staff. It is observed that this

facility is not properly maintained at Ramakrishna and

the same has been revealed by workers at Ramakrishna as

 130

shown in Tabie-4.4. As high as 65 per cent of the

workers at Ramakrishna are dissatisfied with this

facility while 20 per cent of them felt 'so-so’ at

Ramakrishna.

SHELTERS, REST ROOMS AND LUNCH ROOMS

According to section 47 of the Factories Act,

every factory employing more than 150 workers must

provide adequate and suitable shelters or rest rooms

and a lunch room with provision for drinking water,

where workers can eat meals brought by them. But, in

case a canteen is maintained, it will be regarded as

part of this requirement.

Both the units under study are maintaining

canteens for the benefits of workrs and hence these

units need not provide separate lunch rooms for their

workers. At Durga and Ramakrishna, rest rooms are

available for workers with bare facilities like

provision of mats etc. Ventilation and lighting and

cleanliness is very poor and the same is revealed by

the workers as shown in Table-4.5. 45.22 per cent of

the workers are not satisfied with the way shelters and
 T a b le 4 .4
P e rc e n ta g e d is t r ib u t io n o f s e le c te d w o rk e rs c la s s if ie d a c c o rd in g to
t h e ir o p in io n on f ir s t - a id a p p lia n c e s

S I.N o . F ir s t - a id a p p lia n c e s . R a m a kris h n a D urga O vera

S a tis fa c to r y 1 5 .0 0 6 5 .4 6 3 9 .3 3
2 . S o -s o 2 0 .0 0 1 9 .0 9 1 9 .5 7

3. N ot s a t is f a c t o r y 6 5 .0 0 1 5 .4 5 4 1 .3 0

T o ta l 1
0 0 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 100.00
131
 Tab Ie 4 .5
P e rc e n ta g e d is t r ib u t io n o f s e le c te d w o rk e rs c la s s if ie d a c c o r d in g to
t h e ir o p in io n r e g a r d in g s h e lt e r s , r e s t ro o m s and lu n c h room s

D u rg a O v e ra 1 1
S 1. N o. S h e lte r s & R e s t Rooms R a m a k ris h n a

I
m
co

T—

S a t is f a c t o r y 1 5 .0 0 1 3 .6 4

o
o

•"t
4 0 .4 3

CM
S o -s o 4 0 .9 1
4 5 .4 2

CO
N ot s a t is f a c t o r y 4 5 .0 0 4 5 .4 5
o
o
o

o
o

o
o

o
o
o
T o ta l
132
 133

rest rooms are maintained. Even as much as 40.43 per

cent of the workers felt 'so-so’. Only 14.35 per cent

of the workers expressed satisfaction in this regard.

CANTEEN
q
The Labour Investigation Committee of 1946 has

emphasised the role of canteen in providing benefits to

workers from the point of view of health, efficiency

and well-being. The canteens, provided by employers,

can provide nutritious food to the workers at lower

prices and help the workers maintain and improve their

efficiency. As such,

Canteen movement must be accepted by the

State as a definite change and the running
of canteens must be accepted by the
employers as a national investment.

Recognising the importance of the canteen in India

the Government of India has made it a legal binding on

the employers to provide the canteen facility in any

specified factory wherein more than 250 workers are

ordinariIy empIoyed.

3. Report of the Committee on Labour Welfare (Govern­

ment of India, Delhi, 1969), p.252.
4. International Labour Organisation, Planning for
Labour, 1947, p.107.
 134

c
The Labour Investigation Committee^ was very clear

in stating the objectives that must be persued by a

canteen of the industrial establishment. These were:

to introduce an element of nutritional

balance into otherwise deficient unbalanced
dietary of the workers, to provide cheap and
clean food and an opportunity to relax in
comfort near the place of work, to save time
and trouble to workers on account of
exhausting journey to and from work after
long hours in the factory.

CANTEEN AT RAMAKRISHNA

The management of Ramakrishna has provided a

canteen on subsidy for its workers. The canteen is run

by a Supervisor under the Employee Relations Manager.

The Canteen Management Committee consists of two

representatives from employees side and two members

from management side. Emloyees Relations Manager is

the Chairman of the canteen Management Committee. The

following is the particular of staff pattern:

5. Report of the Labour Investigation Committee",

op.cit., p. 343.
 135

Kind of Staff No.

Supervisor 1

Cooks 2

Vendors 4

CIeaners 3

The rates of food stuff offered have been fixed by

the management in consultation with the representatives

of the workers. The list of various items that are

sold at the canteen along with the rates is shown in

Table-4.6.

Each employee is given a book of 30 paise, 35

paise and 45 paise denomination. Each book contain 45

leaves. Free tea is supplied to the night shift

workers. There is on-the-spot-canteen facility at

Ramakrishna. The total expenditure is borne by the

employer for canteen towards buildings furniture,

lighting and subsidy items.

CANTEEN AT DURGA

The Canteen facility at Durga is very poor. Very

few items are available in the hours between 5.30 a.m.

 T a b le 4 .6
S ta te m e n t s h o w in g th e q u a n tity and p r ic e o f th e ite m s o ffe r e d in th e
c a n te e n a t R a m a k ris h n a

tern Q u a n tity P r ic e (R s .)

id ly 50 gms 30 pa se
A t tu 50 gms 35 pa se
C h a p a th i 50 gms 45 pa se
Upma 50 gms 35 pa se
G are 50 gms 45 pa se
P akodi 50 gms 35 pa se
K a ra 50 gms 35 pa se
Sweet 50 gms 70 pa se
C o ffe e 60 z 30 pa se
Tea 60 z 30 pa se
236
 137

to 9 a.m. and between 2.30 p.m. to 4.00 p.m. It is run

on "no profit and no loss’ basis. The running of the

canteen was handed over to a private contractor. The

cost of power, fuel , furniture are borne by the

management. The rates of items sold in the canteen are

given below:

I tern Quantitv Price

Rs. Ps.

Idly 50 gms 1 .00

Upma 50 gms 1 .00

Vada 35 gms 1 .00

Sweet 50 gms 1 .25

Tea 60 0.75

Coffee 60 1 .00

OPINION OF THE WORKERS ON CANTEEN FACILITY

A study of the facilities and working of the

canteen in both the units has been made. Table 4.7

reveals that the percentage of the selected employees

who visited canteen at Ramakrishna was 79.17 per cent

while the same was 29.09 at Durga. Most interestingly,

30.91 per cent of the employees at Durga never visited

canteen while percentage of such workers was only 5 at

 Tab Ie 4 .7
P e rc e n ta g e d is t r ib u t io n o f s e le c te d w o rke rs c la s s if ie d a c c o rd in g to
t h e ir fre q u e n c y o f v i s i t to c a n te e n

Durga O veraI I
S I . No , V is it to can teen R am akrishna

F re q u e n tly 7 9 .1 7 2 9 .0 9 5 5 .2 2

2 . Sometimes 1 5 .8 3 4 0 .0 0 2 7 .3 9

3. N ever 5 .0 0 3 0 .9 1 1 7 .3 9

T o ta l 1
0 0 .0 0 1
0 0 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0
338
 139

Ramakrishna. This is because of the poor canteen

facility offered at Durga. With regard to prices

charged on items offered in the canteen, 75.84 per cent

of the respondents at Ramakrishna felt they were

reasonable while 80.91 per cent of the respondents at

Durga felt that the prices were high. No selected

worker at Durga expressed that the prices charges were

low while percentage of such workers at Ramakrishna

accounted for 13.33. This is because the canteen is

maintained by a private contractor on 'no profit no

loss’ basis at Durga while at Ramakrishna it is

maintained by a Canteen Management Committee comprising

of the representatives of management and workers at

subsidised prices. This is the reason why only 13.33

per cent of the workers at Ramakrishna felt that the

quality of articles sold in the canteen are not good

while 55 and 31.67 per cent of the workers felt 'good’

and 'so-so’ respectively. On the contrary only 12.73

per cent of the workers at Durga felt 'good’ wh i le

31.82 per cent of them expressed not good. This speaks

of the poor facility of canteen offered at Durga and

the same has been revealed by Table 4.9.

 T a b le 4 .8
P e r c e n ta g e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f s e le c t e d w o r k e r s v i s i t i n g c a n te e n ,
c la s s if ie d a c c o rd in g to t h e ir o p in io n a b o u t th e p r ic e s
c h a rg e d in th e C a n te e n

S I.N o . O p in io n a b o u t p r ic e s c h a rg e d R a m a kris h n a D u rg a O v e r a ll

Hi gh 1 0 .8 3 8 0 .9 1 4 4 .3 5
2 . Low 1 3 .3 3 6 .9 6
3. R e a s o n a b Ie 7 5 .8 4 1 9 .0 9 4 8 .6 9

T o ta l 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0
140
 T a b le 4 .9
P e rc e n ta g ed is t r ib u t io n o f s e le c te d w o rk e rs v is it in g C a n te e n a c c o rd in g
to t h e ir re a c tio n a b o u t th e q u a lit y o f a r t ic le s o ffe r e d
in th e c a n te e n

R a m a k ris h n a D u rg a O ve ra I 1
S I.N o . Type o f re a c tio n

T“*
Good 5 5 .0 0 1 2 .7 3 3 4 .7 8
4 3 .0 4

CM
S o -so 31 .6 7 5 5 .4 5
CM
CM
03
T“

i—
CM
00
•
CO

CO
CO
CO

.—

CO
N ot good

T o ta I 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0
141
 142

Regarding the services offered at canteen,

opinions of the selected workers has been elicited and

shown in Table 4.10. The percentage of the selected

workers who felt that the service in canteen was bad

was 60.91 at Durga. 30 per cent of the workers at

Ramakrishna felt the services at canteen were good

while percentage of such workers at Durga was 12.73.

As such, it can be observed that with regard to service

also Durga represents a poor image.

In recent times, most of the organisations are

offering on-the-spot-canteen facility for the workers

during night shifts. Workers of both the units under

study are happy of the facility offered at their units

as revealed by Table 4.11.

CRECHE
Quite interestingly, there are no women employees

at both the units and hence there is no creche either

at Ramakrishna or at Durga.
 T a b le 4 .1 0
P e rc e n ta g e d is tr ib u tio n o f s e le c te d w o rk ers c la s s if ie d a c c o rd in g to
th e ir o p in io n ab o u t th e s e r v ic e in th e C anteen
R am akrishna Durga O vera I !
S I.N o. S e rv ic e s a t C an teen
T—
rf

04

T-“
Good 3 0 .0 0 12.73
00 m0P 3 3 .4 8

CJ
S o-so 2 6 .3 6
T—

o
CO
0)

4 4 .7 8

CO
Bad 3 0 .0 0
o
o
o

o
r-

o
o
o
o

o
o
o
T o tal
143
 Table 4.11

Percentage distribution of selected workers classified according to

their opinion about on-the-spot-canteen service

OveralI

-M
Ramakrishna Durga

>
SI.No. On-the-spot canteen facil
o>
r—

<0
CO

62.50 65.45

•
Good
CD
■>+
CO
CM

25.00 24.35

CM
So-so
o>
o

lO
o

T—
CM
11.74

CO
Bad
o
o

o
o

o
o
o
o

o
o
o

o
Total
144
 145

WELFARE OFFICER

Section 49 of the Factories Act, 1948 stipulates

that in every factory wherein five hundred or more

workers are ordinarily employed, the employer shall

employ Labour Welfare Officer.

As the number of workers employed are more than

500 in each unit, Labour Welfare Officers are there at

Ramakrishna and Durga. As such, it can be observed

that both the units have complied with the statutory

requirement of appointing Welfare Officers.

OTHER STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS

In respect of other statutory provisions like

working hours, holidays, shifts, extra wages for

overtime, restriction of double payment, employment of

young persons, annual leave with wages, etc., both the

units are found strictly adhering to the stipulations

laid down in the Factories Act.

MAJOR FINDINGS

Regarding washing facilities, Ramakrishna provided

water taps in open space for the use of workers to wash

 14 6

off the dust. There are no separate rooms for this

purpose. At Durga, there is only one room provided for

this purpose. However, majority of the workers were

not satisfied with the washing facilities. This may be

due to less number of bath rooms for washing facilities

at Durga and lack of separate bath rooms for this

facility at Ramakrishna.

The provision of facility for storing and drying

of cloths is satisfactory at both the units. Regarding

facilities for sitting, the respective managements have

provided necessary sitting arrangements particularly

for the workers who have to work while standing.

First aid facilities are made available at both

the units. However, it is being properly managed at

Ramakrishna.

As both the sample units are maintaining canteens,

there is no necessity to provide separate lunch rooms

for the workers. Yet, rest rooms are provided for

workers with facilities like provision of mats, etc.

However, ventilation and lighting and cleanliness are

 147

found very poor and the same was expressed by the

workers.

Canteen, an important aspect of labour welfare is

provided and better maintained at Rama Krishna where

number of items of food stuffs is made available on the

subsidised prices. But, this facility is very poor at

Durga as the canteen is maintained by a private

contractor on 'no profit no loss’ basis where only a

few items are made available. Most of the workers at

Durga expressed dissatisfaction regarding this

facility. Perhaps, that is the reason why the workers’

frequency of making visits to canteen is found very low

at Durga compared to that of Ramakrishna. Regarding

the price and quality of edibles offered in the

canteens, an unfavourable opinion is expressed by the

workers at Durga. The management of Durga should

real i se that canteen is a means to improve the

efficiency of the workers by providing richer food

stuffs at lower prices. This facility in many aspects

is good at Ramakrishna.
 148

The management of Ramakrishna and Durga complied

with the statutory requirement of appointing Welfare

Officer as the number of workers employed is more than

500 in each unit.

In respect of the other statutory provisions like

working hours, holidays shifts, extra wages for

overtime restriction of double payment employment of

young persons, annual leave with wages etc., both units

are found strictly adhering to the stipulations laid

down in the Factories Act.

The Analysis stated earlier reveals that workers

are not fully satisfied with the maintenance of washing

facilities at both the units. First aid appIiances and

rest rooms at Ramakrishna and canteen and rest rooms at

Durga are not upto the satisfaction of the workers.

However, the respective managements have provided the

basic structure in respect of these facilities. As

regards the other provisions, the respective

managements have fully complied with the legal

stipulations.
 149

TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS NO.2

Based on the above detailed analysis, Table 4-.12

is prepared showing the extent of the compliance of

selected units with the statutory provisions of

welfare. It could be observed from this table that

managements of both the units fully complied with the

statutory provisions of welfare except in case of

washing facilities, shutters, rest rooms and lunch

rooms and first aid appliances. In respect of these

items the managements have provided the basic structure

but maintenance has not been upto the mark and hence,

they are considered partial. Quite surprisingly the

provisions which are considered partial are common in

both the units. The reasons for this partial

compliance can be attributed to the laxity on the part

of law enforcing machinery, lack of sincerity on the

part of management besides the failure of employees

associations in playing their due role in getting these

provisions fully implemented. As such, it can be

concluded that the hypothesis formulated regarding the

compliance of the units with statutory welfare

provisions is proved almost correct.

 T a b le 4 .1 2
S ta te m e n t s h o w in g th e e x t e n t o f c o m p lia n c e w it h th e s ta tu to ry
p r o v is io n s o f w e lfa r e

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W ashing fa c ility P a rt

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F a c ilit ie s f o r s to r in g and
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F ir s t - a id a p p lia n c e s P a r tia I P a r tia I

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S h e lte r s , R est room s and
lu n c h rooms. P a r tia l P a r tia I

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O th e r s t a t u t o r y re q u ire m e n ts Ful

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