Experiment Name: Star, Bus, Mesh,

Hybrid Topology.
Course Title: Computer Network- Lab.
Course Code: CSE-318
Group: B

Submitted To:
Tanzina Neetu
Lecturer
City University

Submitted By:
Santosh Kumer Roy
ID No:172153056
Batch:15th

Department:EEE

Submission Date: 20.08.2020

 **STAR TOPOLOGY**
Objective: A star topology does have its own limitations but there are effective ways
of working around them. In reality, you can only connect so many systems to the same
star network before you begin to run into physical limitations, such as cable length or
the number of ports available on the hardware used for the network.
Theory: In a star topology configuration, the remote branches can communicate
securely with the corporate headquarters or central site. However, intercommunication
between the branches is not permitted. Such a configuration could be deployed in a
bank network so that compromise of one branch will not immediately lead to the
compromise of a second branch without being detected. To gain access to a second
branch, the attacker would have to first compromise the central network that would
hopefully be able to detect such an attack. A star topology configuration is shown in
Star topologies provide an inherent advantage that a new site can be added with ease;
only the central site will have to be updated.
Advantage
 Easy to detect faults and to remove parts
Disadvantage
 More expensive than linear bus topology because of the cost of the connecting
devices (network switches).
Working Procedure:
 At first we have to open cisco packet tracer.
 I open one hub, 2 pcs laptops and 2 pcs desktops.
 I connection the laptop and desktop to the hub by straight-through cable.
 I will check by ping command to correct the connection.
Input:

Output:

Conclusion: If the power sources and rack locations are not far apart, the right
solution is to use a star topology or architecture to cable the racks because the cables are
relatively short and it is relative easy to handle and connect them.
 ** BUS TOPOLOGY **
Objective: A bus topology does have its own limitations but there are effective ways
of working around them. In reality, you can only connect so many systems to the same
bus network before you begin to run into physical limitations, such as cable length or
the number of ports available on the hardware used for the network.
Theory: The terminator is used to absorb the signal when the signal reaches the end,
preventing signal bounce. When using bus topology, when a computer sends out a
signal, the signal travels the cable length in both directions from the sending computer.
When the signal reaches the end of the cable length, it bounces back and returns in the
direction it came from. This is known as signal bounce. Signal bounce may create
problems in the computer network.
Advantage
 Requires less cable length than a star topology.
Disadvantage
 Difficult to identify the problem if the entire network shuts down.
Working Procedure:
 At first we have to open cisco packet tracer.
 I open 5 pcs switches and 5 pcs desktops.
 I connection the switch to switch cross-over cable and desktop to switch by
straight-through cable.
 I will check by ping command to correct the connection.
Input:

Output:

Conclusion: If the power sources and rack locations are not far apart, the right
solution is to use a star topology or architecture to cable the racks because the cables are
relatively short and it is relative easy to handle and connect them.
 ** MESH TOPOLOGY **
Objective: A mesh topology does have its own limitations but there are effective
ways of working around them. In reality, you can only connect so many systems to the
same mesh network before you begin to run into physical limitations, such as cable
length or the number of ports available on the hardware used for the network.
Theory: A mesh topology is network topology in which all the network nodes are
individually connected to most of the other nodes. There is not a concept of a central
switch, hub or computer which acts as a central point of communication to pass on the
messages.
Advantage
 Mesh topology is secure because there is a point to point link thus unauthorized
access is not possible.
Disadvantage
 Since each device needs to be connected with other devices, number of I/O ports
required must be huge.
Working Procedure:
 At first we have to open cisco packet tracer.
 I open 4 pcs switches and 4 pcs desktops.
 I connection the switch to switch cross-over cable, switch to switch cross
connection and desktop to switch by straight-through cable.
 I will check by ping command to correct the connection.
Input:

Output:

Conclusion: If the power sources and rack locations are not far apart, the right
solution is to use a star topology or architecture to cable the racks because the cables are
relatively short and it is relative easy to handle and connect them.
 ** HYBRID TOPOLOGY **
Objective: A hybrid topology does have its own limitations but there are effective
ways of working around them. In reality, you can only connect so many systems to the
same hybrid network before you begin to run into physical limitations, such as cable
length or the number of ports available on the hardware used for the network.
Theory: Hybrid topology utilizes a mix of two or more topologies in a way that the
resulting network does not exhibit one of the standard topologies (e.g., star, bus, ring,
etc.) Hybrid topology combines two or more different topologies to create a resultant
topology that has good points(as well as flaws) of all the constituent basic topologies
instead of possessing features of one specific topology.
Advantage
The section where fault is found could possibly be singled out from the rest of network
and required restorative steps could be taken, without impacting the working of rest of
the network.
Disadvantage
Due to the fact that different topologies connect in a hybrid topology, managing the
topology gets challenging. Its not easy to design this type of architecture and its a
difficult job for designers. Configuration and installation process needs to be very
efficient.
Working Procedure:
 At first we have to open cisco packet tracer.
 I open many switches and many desktops.
 I connection the switch to switch cross-over cable, switch to switch cross
connection and desktop to switch by straight-through cable.
 I have used following (192.168.0.1 to 192.168.0.16) IP address configuration for
end desktops.
 I will check by ping command to correct the connection.
Input:

Output:

Conclusion: : If the power sources and rack locations are not far apart, the right
solution is to use a star topology or architecture to cable the racks because the cables are
relatively short and it is relative easy to handle and connect them.