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LAB # 6
MAC ADDRESS & ADDRESS RESOLUTION PROTOCOL (ARP)
OBJECTIVE
Switches learn MAC address by using ARP protocol.

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THEORY

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Example 6.1

 The operation of ARP is straightforward. Let's say an IP-based station (station "A") with IP
address 192.0.2.1 wishes to send data over the Ethernet channel to another IP-based station
(station "B") with IP address 192.0.2.2. Station "A" sends a packet to the broadcast address
containing an ARP request. The ARP request basically says "Will the station on this Ethernet
channel that has the IP address of 192.0.2.2 please tell me what the address of its Ethernet
interface is?"
 Since the ARP request is sent in a broadcast frame, every Ethernet interface on the network
reads it in and hands the ARP request to the networking software running on the station. Only
station "B" with IP address 192.0.2.2 will respond, by sending a packet containing the Ethernet
address of station "B" back to the requesting station. Now station "A" has an Ethernet address
to which it can send data destined for station "B," and the high-level protocol communication
can precede.

ANSWER:-
Since the ARP request is sent in a broadcast frame, every Ethernet interface
on the network reads it in and hands the ARP request to the networking
software running on the station. Only station “B” with IP address 192.0.2.2
will respond, by sending a packet containing the Ethernet address of station
“B” back to the requesting station. Now station “A” has an Ethernet address
to which it can send data destined for station “B,” and the high-level
protocol communication can proceed.
A given Ethernet system can carry several different kinds of high-level
protocol data. For example, a single Ethernet can carry data between
computers in the form of TCP/IP protocols as well as Novell or AppleTalk
protocols. The Ethernet is simply a trucking system that carries packages of
data between computers; it doesn’t care what is inside the packages.

Exercise 6.2
Ping the local host. Use ARP to check the MAC Address.
What is the output?

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Exercise 6.3

Ping the cisco based host. Use the ARP to check the MAC Address
What is the output?

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Exercise 6.4
Ping the non existent local host. Check ARP cache to see the MAC Address.

Exercise 6.5
Ping a remote host. Check ARP cache. What MAC Address has been entered into the cache?

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Exercise 6.6
Use ARP utility on Linux. Logging into Liaquat .Read the manual page of ARP. For reading the
manual page type man ARP

Exercise 6.7

To add a route entry

In this procedure, you will add a static routing table entry for the router
Type the following command where x is the IP address
Route add 1341.107.2.0 mask 255.255.0 131.107.x.1
View the entries in the route table, and verify that the route is listed before you continue
Ping the instructor computer (131.107.2.200)
Was the ping successful? If not, what was the response?
Ping a host on another’s student network
Was the ping successful? Why or why not?

Exercise 6.8
To restore the default gateway address
In this procedure, you will restore the address for the default gateway. This will allow packets to
be sent to the default gateway when no route entry for the destination networks.
Access the Microsoft TCP/IP Properties dialog box
In the Default Gateway box, type your default gateway address
Click OK
Click OK

Exercise 6.9
To test communication. In this procedure, you will test the configured default gateway address to
verify that internetwork operations are successfully.
Switch to the command prompt and use the route print command to view the routing table.
Is the default gateway address listed under Gateway Address?
Ping hosts on each network to verify that communications can be established.

ONLINE TASKS:

1: Perform all the above mentioned steps.

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 Giving ip to pc’s

 Simulating

 Pinging

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2: Find out your system MAC address by using TCP/IP utility.

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