Qvo Nha toin hoc John Wilson es (1741-1793) act DEE WC Way ici) Colon anne Coll TR 7) Vor Xe) ULI XAT COL Mee IAM TCC Came 2 wAG Kendal Parish ChurchDTA OLE ec CLL TOAN/HOC VATUOITRE | aor area It Pee! Pen Cer ey Ped Bruel pre Pre Cee ead PmPOE) Pera! : Bre | x 26,5 | 199,000 déng Nam 2017 ee Khd 19 x 26,5 CG Peed Gia bia: 199.000 déng Nam 2018 Khé 19 x 26,5 Gid bia: 199.000 déngPips. (aww. fecebook. com/letrungkienmath Khai thac, tim tdi va phat trién mét bai toan 1a phuong php ma cdc thay cd giéo gidi thuong sit dung trong qué trinh giang day ton cia minh, gidp cho hoe sinh rén luygn tw duy sing tao, tang himg thi, say mé hoe tap. Bai viét nay gidi thiéu mét sO bai todn dai s6 duge khai thac tir m6t bai toan quen thudc: Bai toa: Phan tich da thite A thanh nhdn ti: Aza +b! +e) —3abe A=a +b 43a" bab? +¢° —3a"b — 3ab? —3abe =(a+b)' +c —3ab(a+b+c) =(atb+ol(a+by -(atbyc+c"] —3ab(a+b+0) =(at+b+c)(a@ + 2ab+b* —ac—be +c?) —3ab(a+b +e) =(at+b+0)(a? +2ab+b* —ac—be+c? ~3ab) =(a+b+e)a® +b +c? —ab—ac—be). nhw bai trén) va k 1) Thay aid ib ing - nee Aaa -B +c +3abe a (a-b tea? +b? +c? +ab-ac+be). 2) Thay vai tr ciia b bang — b va c bing ~ c, ta pid) b ial SOMA D Hs Intps: sites google. com/Siteletrungkienmaay (Tiéu khu Nguyén Du, TT Thudng Tin, Thuong A, =a? + 8h +270? -18abe =(a+2b+3c\(a* +40° + 9c* —2ab—3ac—6be). 5) Thay vai trd cia c bang 2, ta cé: A,=@ +b +8—6ab =(a+b+2)(a? +b? +4—ab-2a~26). 6) Thay vai trd cua a, b, ¢ bing nghich dao cia ching, ta c6: Rut gon cdc phan thite sau véi a, b, ¢ khac 0 va d6i m6t khéc nhau: ath + a) 4,= Tir két qua phan tich da thite 4 ta thay ngay Sat #UtGcoabivad-—bey dpe eee 2 a at+bte minh a’ +b* +c) =3abe. Loi gidi. Ta c6 mas a +b +c! —3abe sp =(a+b+e)(a? +b? +c? ~ab—ae~be)=0. Vi a+b +e=0, suyra a? 4b? +0? =3abe, cote reso a ad ATitips @ +b) +c° >3abe. +h than nan te: Be. Cho a+b+c=2. Chimg minh: @ +) +c) —3abe =(a—b)* +(b-c) +(c-a)’. By. Cho (x+y+z'=x°+y? +27 va xpz¥0. Chimg minh ring: $4141.23. yo 2 we Bs. Cho a+b+c=0 va abc #0. Rut gon cdc biéu thie: toan PT2: Cho a’+b'+c Ih rang a+b+e=0 hodc a Bai 4. Chimg minh Bina néu a+b+ sites. zoogle com/siteMetrungkienmath thanh nhiéu bai todn (viét tat 1a T) sau: T,. Cho a+b'+c°=3abe va atb+c#0. a+b +c (at+b+c) T:. Cho a? +b? +c) =3abe va abe #0. Tinh s6 tr] biéu thite: e-(1-2\(02 jes a b a Ts. Cho a+b+c= 4038 va a, b, c d6i mét khae nhau. Tinh sé tri Tinh s6 tri biéu thttc D= (a—by + (bc) + (c— Ty. Cho fy? +y'z? +23x? =3x° yz? va xyz #0. x el i = Chimg minh rang: —-+—+—=0 hode x= y =z. ay Ts, Giai phuong trinh véi an x: x +3ax? +3(a” —be)x +a +b +c? —3abe =0. Te Tim nebigm nguyen duong ela hé phuong Cac bai toan trén ban doc str dung két qua bai todn néu trén va cdc bai todn PT cé thé dé dang gidi duge. IV. Mét sé bai tap tong hop va nang cao Bai 1. Chimg minh rang (@ +b +0 -3abc)’ <(a* +B? +7)? vii moi s6 thie a, b,c. Bai 2. Cho x, », z 1a cdc sé nguyén khac 0. Chimg minh rang, néu: x*~ yz=a; y? —z=b; z—xy=c thi tong ax+by+cz chia hét cho a+b-+c. (Bé thi hoc sinh gidi Quée gia nam hoc 1992 — 1993). Bai 3. Chimg minh ring, néu a+b +c=0 thi 2a’ +b +05) = ‘Sabe(a* +0? +7),Viée iba thac cdc bai Oe 1a théi quen on thiét giup hoc sinh sang tao, kham pha va phat hién thém nhimg kién thire moi, Sau day 14 mot vi du. Bai toan. Cho tam gide ABC cé. trung tuyén AM. Duong thang d bat ki) di qua trong tam G edit cde canh AB va AC theo thir tu tai E va F. AB AC Chit h — + hing minh rang: + Loi gidi. Ké BI // EF; . CK // EF (I, K thuée AM). Khi 46: pb EDS TS . AE AG’ AF AG Céng vé theo vé ta durge: B K Gi 21D NON ee AE AF AG Mat khdc: ABIM = ACKM (g.c.g) => MI = MK (2) AB AC Tir (1) vA @) suy ra: Fe + Vay! 4 AC =3(dpem), Khai ae Be ome Bai tap. Cho tam gide ABC cé trung tuyén AM. Duong thang bat kj di qua trong tam G luén d ede canh AB va AC theo thie we tai E va F. eaDingiasg nho nhdt va ef tri Ion nhdt ciia a> 6-6 nhdt ctia S sep Theo bat dang thie (a+b) >4ab, dang thite xay ra khi va chi Khi a = b ta 6: : AB Dang thi ay ra ang thitc xay 2a 4 Vay min Sire = GSase 4 || BC. Tim gid tri lén nhat ctia S spp. Tir két qua Bai toan 1, dat: Bx sxs2) thi ae =3-x. Tacé: AF Siac _ AB.AC gABAC Ga =) =(hes a FO) =@MO=H) 4282 1 Sate $4 Suc:; 25 eae Has. Vay max Syoe + Sser)=5 Siac $4 I! BC: : B=B Ke AH, BP, MI, CN cing BaCS... 45,00) ere i yuong géc voi dudng aw BCE * OBCF)~ "5 F=C wea oe z €) Tim min(S gp + Sice)- i, Ta co: dudn, binh cua hinh cor Gat Pt OES 1S 5 Tu AAHG ~AMIG (g.2) SD sieeni sco pic ne a Be A yr 5 Q) = 28 per E T. pe eM Dén day tro lai cau a. / v \ ‘a CO: d 4 6c voi EF. =— =—EF2M f) Ké AH, MK cing vu6ng go ae i... 2" Khi d6 hai tam giac AGH, MGK déng dang voi = EF MI=1EF AH = Ser (2) phau theo ti sé a =2, suy ra Sypp =2Sygep- Lai c6: Sipe EF Sic GB) Terao: ast Scar SS 2NG ~5 Ser THD, @),@)suy ta: Spee + Seep > 25 Sine 2 4S ge =a Sia Vay min Spee + Scar == Sane © d /! BC. See ate a... | a, ae Bee LA Ow ni soit B M S max (Save + Sexe) =3 Suse od /f BC. Méi cac ban khai thac thém cac bai todn méi tr bai toan xuat phat ban dau. R Dé thi vio THPT chuyén TP. H6 Chi Minh nam (Tiép Vico trang 2) hoc 2014-2015). neu atbtc= =0 thi Bai 7. Phan tich thanh nhan tt; a?) +c%(a" +b?) (a+b+c) —a Bb -c3, Bai 8. Phan tich thanh nhan tir: B(x+y+ 2) — —(x+y) -(pt2) ~ +x). Bat 9. Phan n tich thanh nhanone ime Cau 1. DK: fone v-[Leea0is va -2018 ee (a+? (Ja—-1(Ja +1) | 2a _ Wa +2018)Va-1)- (a -2018Ja+1) val (Wa+*Wa-1 “Wa, 22 =, 2017 Cau 2. Ta cé: x+(Vx-vz)? _ (/x+Vy-V2) - y+ Wx-V2y y+ p—vey — (li + ly 2-14 (ly—Ve _ Wx +2 — Vz) Vz) + Vx V2? | x+y Naily—V2)+ ly —eP _ We —N2)@vx + 2Jy -2V2) _ Ve-V2 | | Qe Vaea+2 y=) Sy ve Cau 3. Ta 6: abed + abe +ab + a=4321 | lllla+illb+1le+d=4321 (1) Vi a,b,c,d EN va 1a=3, Thay vao (1) ta duge: 111b+1lc+d=988 (2) Lap luan tuong ty ta cé: 880 <111b < 988 => b=8. Thay vao (2) ta duge: 1lc+d=100. Ma 91<11e<100=>c=9 va d=1. Vay aged 963 ths __ abcd =3891. Cau 4. Tu phuong trinh thir hai ta co; aa 2y thé vao phuong trinh thir nhat duge: (m—1)(2-2y) + y =2 €>(2m-3)y =2m—4. (3) iesadtion 2) la cdc sé nguyén < (3) 6 Vay c6 2 gid tri Wrhoaman ts 2 septal x20 ee ee 4+x20 V6i DK (*), phuong trinh da cho tuong duong ‘ voi: 5+2Vi—xN44x =9 @ \0-n44x =26(01-4tn=4 x=0 =p D6i chiéu véi diéu kién (*) ta duoc x=0; x= —3, Cau 5. DKXD: { ox ear=0ce] Cau 6.Ta cé A BC =\ AB? + AC* = 20cm. Goi E 1a giao diém M ¢ cia BI v6i AC. Theo 7 tinh chat duong phan gidc ta c6: AE _EC_AE*EC_\_, po BC _sye AB BC AB+BC 2 2 Tacé AICE = AICM (c.g.c) do: EC=MC=10; ICE=ICM; IC chung. Suy ra: JEC = IMC = TEA = TMB. Mat khac IBM =1BA = AIBM > AABE (gg) = BIM = BAE =90° = BI 1 MI. Cau 7. a) Ta cé MBH = ADN, M MEB = AND => AMBH ~>AADN= —— = DO.0B = BH.AD (2) AD va (2) ta cé: tA a Seen poos 5 oF Ben DO DN Ta lai cé: MBO = 180° -CBD =180° - GDB = ODN nén AMBO «> AODN => OMB = NOD. Ti 46 suy ra: MON =180° ~ (MOB + NOD) _ =180" — (MOB + OMB) - 180° OBC =115°. Cau 8. Goi D 1a trung diém cia doan BC, vi tam gidc BOC, AOC 1a cac tam giac can tai O nén OD 1 BC,OM 1 AC. Ta co: Yas ODC =OMC =90°, 7 suy ra bén diém O, D, C, M cing nam trén duong tron (J) cé tam J cé dinh, duong kinh OC cé dinh. Goi E 1a diém d6i ximg voi D qua tam I, khi d6 E cé dinh va DE 1a duong kinh cua duéng tron (/). Neu H # E,H #B thi al A *V6i M=E= BHE =90°. Véi M+E, do DM || BH > DMH =90°. ) DME =DMH =90 > H,M,E thing a BHE =90°. Vay ta luén cd: H=E hoic H=B do dé H n duéng kinh BE cé dinh. Dang thirc xay ra khi x=y=z- Ta co: Sa’ +2ab+2b? =(2a +b) +(a—by >(2a+by 1 i (2 i | 2 s s$-|—+-+-}. V5a?+2ab+26? 2a+b 9a a b Dang thite xdy ra khi a = 6. Tuong tu: ee si{setet} Sb? +2be+2c? 2b+e Mb b ec Dang thitc xay ra khi b =c. lA 1 1 a( 1 | ———————— < <-|-—+-+-—|- 5c? + 2ca 2a) 20+ ano Caecum Dang thirc xay ra khi c=a. Vay 1 i eis deme jh ae V5a? + 2ab+2b? 5b* +2be + 2c* 1 ag V5¢? + 2cat+2a* au 21342) Vay bat dang thire dugc chimg minh. Cau 10. Gia si hinh vuéng ABCD cé canh la a (a>0).Goi MN, P,Olan 4 M 2 lvot 1a trung diém cia 4B, x4 BC, CD, DA. Goi dla mot 4 duong thing bat ky trong ire rele 2018 dudng thing da cho thoa man yéu cau bai todn. 5 P c Khéng mat tinh tong quat, gid sir d cat cac doan thang AD, MP, BC lin luot tai S, E, K sao cho Scosx =3Syaxs- Tt Sense =3Sjpxs ta suy ra duge: DS + CK =3(AS + BK) © a- AS +a—-BK =3(AS + BK) 1 1 sale sae etn y <= AS+BK=b) Cho x, y : va digu kién x sey? a =2(a+c+l)\(a+b-l). Tinh gid tri cua biéu va phd nhat'ota bidu thie iP 92 Pe tof Cau 5 (1, 5 diém). Cho tam gide ABC vudng tai ‘A, Goi M Ia trung diém cia BC va O 1a tam eset. dudng tron ngoai tiép tam gidc AMB. Duong % thang AC cat (O) tai diém thir hai K. Duong thing BK cat duong tron ngoai tiép tam gidc i il 2 a a eee ABC tai L. Cac duong thing CL va KM cat nhau PERE Sees kM tai E, Chimg minh rang B nam trén dudng tron CAu 1 (1 diém). Cho a, b, ¢ 1a ba sé thu thoa min diédu kién a+b+c=0 thite: A=a? +b? +c’. Cau 2 (2 diém). a) Giai phuong trinh: b) Giai hé phuong trinh: Cau 3 (2 diém). Cho tam gidc ABC (AB < AC) ngoai tiép tam gidc ACM. vudng tai A cé dudng cao AH. Goi E, Flan uot Cau 6 (2 diém). Cac s6 nguyén duong tir 1 dén 1a hinh chiéu ctia H trén AB, AC. 2018 dugc t6 mau theo quy tic sau: Cac s6 ma a) Ching minh rang: khi chia cho 24 du 17 duge té mau xanh; Cac sé BECH +CFVBH = AHV BC. ma khi chia cho 40 du 7 dugc t6 mau do; Cac b) Goi D 1a diém déi xtmg cia B qua H va goi__ 86 cn lai dugc t6 mau vang. Oa trung diém ctia BC. Dudng thing di qua D a) Chimg minh rang khéng cé s6 nao duge t6 ca va wudng géc voi BC cat AC tai K. Ching minh hai mau xanh va do. Hoi co bao nhiéu s6 duge rang BK vuéng goc véi AO. t6 mau vang? CAu 4 (1,5 diém). a) Chimg minh rang: b) C6 bao nhiéu cp sé (a, b) sao cho a duge t6 4 1 3 oe mau xanh, 6 duge t6 mau 6 va |a—d|=2? x mia... v6i moi s6 thuc x. NGUYEN BUC TAN - NGUYEN ANH HOANG (TP. Ho Chi Minh) gidi thigu nguyén ly Dirichlet tir 2018 duéng thang théa man diéu kién cia dé bai phai c6 it nhat gril | @ HUONG DAN GIAI DE... ad +1=505 dudng thang di qua mét trong bén diém £, F, G, H 06 dinh, n,-_-pAp AN VA HUONG DAN GIAI DE SO 3 6A | 7B 8c [SD 16B 17B__| 18D 19A 26B 27C 28A 29C 36D 37A 38A 39D 46D 47A 48A 49A 1 ‘Cau 1. Dudng tron (K) ngoai tiép tam gidc ABC / 98, phuong trinh: (x-2)?+(y+))? =5. Dudng thang AJ 6 phuong trinh: x+y-2=0. Diém aes 2) 1a giao diém thir hai cla A/ va (K). Ta _chimg minh duoc DBC = DCB => DB = DC, DIC =DCI= DI=DC, do d6 DB=DC=DI. Dudng tron (D) ngoai tiép tam gidc BCI cd _ phuong trinh: (x—4)* +( +2)’ =2. Hai diém B,C 1a giao diém cia (K) va (D) nén - BG-3).c(2 2) toa hoa e a2: -2),c(3-3) oe — Vay x +x ==. Chon C. "Cau 2. * Cach 1. Dat z=x+iy, voi x,y eR, thi tir ‘|4z+3i|=|42-4+55| taduge y=2x-2. Lic nay MPEP hea = to+) +e +03" s 2 V5 ax +1 + V5x2 20x25 = f(x). Se peel. oe 5x? —4x+1 Tix 20x45 =20x+25 (5x—2)(5x-10) <0 > | (5x—2)2(5x? -20x+25) x= ;. (Sx-10)? (5x? —4x +1) n tuc va phuong trinh f'(x)=0 vo * Cach 2. Cing c6 thé goi M(x;y) [a diém biéu dién cia sé phite z. Do |42-+3i] =|42—4+ 5i] nén suy ra M chay trén duong thang d:2x—y-2=0, Lie P=|z+i|+|2-3i|=MA+MB, voi A(0;-1), B(0;3) 1a hai diém nam cing phia so v6i nay d. Diém (3-3) déi xtmg voi A qua d. Tacé P = MA+ MB = MA's MB> A'B=2N5, dang thie 2) 2 xay ra khi M tring voi giao diém My (3:-3] cua doan A'B va d. Vay minP=2y5. Chon B. Cau 4. 1+x={6y? +6y+2 1+ y=V6x? +6x4+2 thi 2 1¥ 1 1 1 x=3/6| y+— Aafia (» 4 aS 2 1 To onal Site Sa eps pes ite Gk a ( 4 2 - ae Ta viét lai hé 6 dang frase I) 2G SO=(41P, gO =6+6r+2 1a nhimg ham V6i (x;y) 1a nghiém cua hé | Aiea oe 1 : dong bién trén (-} Ham /(‘)+g(1) cing \ 6 = ; 1 8 dng bién trén (Fo): Nhu vay, voi x,y > 5 thi hé phuong trinh da cho ot i S(x)= BiTa cé (HIP = 6x7 + 6x42 29 <4 oye! : 2-1 1 BPS. Hé phuong trinh da cho co nghiém x=y et Suy ra Bgt ee Chon A. Cau 10. S6 x=5x97l8 vid trong hé thap phan cé n chit 6 khi va chi khi 10"! < x < 10" 0 khi 3¢? +2r+12 I> | 22 nghiém ding véi moi teR. t —(m+1)t+4 Truc hét phuong trinh 7? —(m+1)t+4=0 phai v6 nghiém, tic 1a A=(m+l)-16<0-50,VteR. Ta 06 3/ +2¢+12>0,VreR. Lic nay 3° +2+12 —(m+l)t+4 2531? +2t412> 2? —(m+ Dt +4] Sr +Am+2t+420. (2) Bat phuong trinh (2) nghiém ding voi moi te R Khi A'=(m+2)? -4<0 40. ee 1 es (ea Ha dang thite xay ra khi A diém cia SA, SB,SC,SD. Vay wo GY Gl Chon B. Cau 17. Ta 6: x-my+4m—2=0 x-2=m(y-4) mx + y-3m-1=0 y-1l=mG-x) = (x-2)8-x) =(y-D)Y-1) x+y —5x-5y+10=0, Chon B. Cau 19. Vé6i cdc s6 thuc duong a,b thi tim V@+82= V2 9 nen a8 thf hammp 16D Fogo) ED = 2 ie c6 tiém can ngang y=0. en +Néu a+2b#2 thi lim y=+o, lim y=-00 hoac x2" x2 lim y =~, lim y= +00 nén dé thi x02 x92 pate G cé tiém can dimg x=2, do dé nd c6 hai ioe tiém can. * V6i a+2b=2 thi dé thi yoolaidemet or) m6t duéng tiém can, Khi d6 “a atl, atl . 3=—— += + 2b> 35 aie ( 2b (ot) 551924108, $5 0 Pag, 25-2 dat duge max P=-2 khi a=Lb=5. Ciing 6 thé Khao sat ham P(5)=logs_», (3) theo bién be(0;1). Chon A. gs ake? Cfu 21. Qua NV ké duéng thing va clt AB, BC lan luot tail, K. TaDé gidi bai todn, ta phai tim gid tri nho nhat cia biéy thie F-=(a? +2)(0 +2)(C° +2), trong 46 a, 6 cla céc s6 khong am théa min at+b+c=3. Ba 6a BMG ata) 2_1 42-1. c2—1 Iuén cé it nbat hai s6 c6 tich Bes Chon A. Bm ead lilo if khong am. Gia su (@ —1)(b° -1) 20, suy ra a =a, dién tich day (a -(e?—)20 hay abc? +c? 2c°b' +0°a". ) } Mat khac, ta co 3 ve ; 2 eo - >0 acon (a—b) +(be-1)? +(ca-1)’ = (ab-1)? +(be-1)? +(ca-I)’ 20 = gd? +h? 48+ 2a°b +3h°c? +3c’a’ > 6(ab+be+ca) (2). Tw (1) va (2) ta co PRC +a +h +0° +8 +2(a°b’ +b°c? +c’a’) 2 6(ab+be+ca) eae? +4(a +b? +c7)+8 x-1 +2(a0b +b? +c°a’) > 3(a+b+cy (a +2)? +2)(c? +2) > 3(atb+c). Ma a+b+c=3 nén ta thu duoc F =(a’ +2)(b’ +2)(c? +2) > 27, dang thitc xay ra khi a=b=c=1. =1009 +1010. Do d6 S > 27.log 99; 2.108915 3-l089, 5, dang thite xay ra khi x =8, y= 27,2 =125. Vay min S = 27.1039, 2-1085945 3.10849, 5. Chon A. Cau 33. Dat x=P +f-1>dv=(Gr +Ddt, khi x=-3 thi #=—-1, khi x=1 thi t=1, do dé : 1 if. ec ali S(O +1-NGP+Dar. Bergin 7 = 201k 20192" +1 ets @1) P+... + 2018/7” = 201977" +1 Gp? on x=cos2t véi osist thi = cos 2t 1+cos2r (—2sin 2rd?) ; Dat ¢t=-u ta cb t= fs +¢-yGP sya a 1 = ds Sb ~u Bu 1a) = il SP 0-132 +1) , es ‘Lic nay ‘ 2 U= | fP +1-NEr+ sia z 3 1 aa Idt-+ Hf SCP -1-NBP d= Sieg bsCau 36, Nhan thay d, Od, = M(1;0;3), cdc vecta a, = (5-1,2), i, =(-1;-2;1) lan Inot 1a vecto: chi phuong cia d,d,, |zi,|=|i,|=/6, 7,7, =3>0, do d6 dudéng phan gidc d cia cdc géc th tao boi d,,d, la duéng thang di qua M(1;0;3), cé mét vecto chi phuong la vi =u, —v, =(2;1;1). Vay d cé6 phuong frinh chinh te “=+_ » _ 273 2) i 1 C4u 37. Ham sé y ae —mx +1) 6 5 diém cuc tri - Chon D. khi va chi khi phuong trinh x*-mx+1=0 c6 3 nghiém phan biét. Vi x=0 khong la nghiém ctia phuong trinh nay nén phuong trinh tuong duong voi Lap bang bién i 2 aa ° , m=x°> +—- thién cta ham x f(x) =x° += va suy ra céc gid tri cha m dé phuong x ik are ) : trinh m=x°+— cd 3 nghiém phan biét 1a x 3 +42 =—. Ya 2019 can tim ctia m 1a 2017. Chon A. C4u 38. D6 thi luon co tiém can ngang y=1, Dé SO gia tri nguyén nho hon 46 thi co 3 duéng tiém can thi phuong trinh x? —2x—m=0 phai co 2 nghiém phan biét khac 1 va —2. Tim duge m>—1,m #8. Chon A. CAu 39. Ta thay PT & (5% —54)(527 2" — 5 m2) _ 9, Phuong trinh da cho cé 4 nghiém phan biét khi phuong trinh x*-x+m-2=0 c6 2 nghiém phan biét khac 0 va 1. Tim duge m<3,m#2. ChonD. CAu 40. Tim gid tri nho nhat cua ham sé <0,Wt=-L WER, penaen doen Sida alle : 10) = | as | < x? — 822 Sa a =n 5 — ele Ve dé thi céc him y= [2 =2=2), | ao trén cing m6t hé truc toa 46, dé thi ham y=f(x) [a duéng nét dam nhu hinh vé. DO thi ham y=f(x) c62 3 diém cue tiéu 14 ae + of Sei fe) Tr Za OPES) + 46 min f@)=5 dat dugoukhi eR 10 Chon B. Cach khdc, Dat = = eye et Vtz-l, WreR, (+)? nén voi moi on ham g(f) nghich bién trén doan (3 25 aly ra 2 Pax 9) < gy at ta 2 cua do thi ham sé y= x oF Khi d6, diém 7 nam ; aol trén dudng thang cé phuong trinh: Ax+y+4=0. B.2x-y+4=0, C.x-y+4=0. D. 2x-y+2=0, Cau 3. Trong Khong gian Oxy, cho diém M(3;2;—1). Hinh chiéu vudng géc cia diém M én truc Oz 1a diém: A.M,(3;0;0). B. M,(0;2;0). C. M,(0;0;-1). D.M, (3;2;0). Cau 4. Phuong trinh tiép tuyén cia dé thi ham sé y=xX —3x° +1 tai diém A(3;1) 1a: Ay =-9x—26. B. y =9x=26. C. y=-9x-3. Diy =9x+2. C4u 5. Cho hai biéu thtrc M=\og, (2sin) +log, (cos =), N =log, (log, 4.log, 3). z ee af Tinh T= Bea? CT =3, ..D.T=-I. p Cu 6. Cho hinh chop S.ABCD cé day ABCD Ia hinh chit nhat, AB=a, AD=2a, SA vudng gic voi mit phang (ABCD), SA=a\3. Thé tich cia khéi chop S.ABCD 1a: A. aw ee Cc 16 aur 60 91 5S Cau 8. Co hai gid tri m,m, dé ‘citing tata : mx+y—3=0 hop voi duong thing x+y=0 mét géc 60°. Tong m,+m, bang , A-3 B. 3 C4 D.-40" C4u 9. Trong khéng gian Oxyz, khoang cdch tir diém A(;—2;3) dén mp(P):x+3y—424+9=0 1a 26 17 426 pee B. v8. Ce AG of 26 13 2% C4u 10. Cho biéu thite Tao Sea sae Khi 5* = ./7 thi gid tri cua biéu thite T la: is 2G tt Cau 11. Tim diém M co hoanh 46 4m trén 46 thi COiyaze axsd sao cho tiép tuyén tai M vudng adc voi dudng thing y = are 4 A.M(-2;~4) B. u(-r4). 4 c ou (ae) D.M(-2;0). Cau 12. Cho cap sd (x;y) thoa man: (2x—y)it yU-2i)=3+7i. Khi d6 biéu thie: P= x’ ~xy nhan gid tri nao sau day? A. 30. B. 40. C10. D.20. | Cu 13. Trong khéng gian Oxyz, ‘cho ‘mit bu (S):(e-2) +(p +1)? (242)? ang (P):4x-3y—m =0. Tim tat o& céc gia tri the cha tham sé m dé mat phiing (P) va magl RUNS) GH ding aafibmchoag, x B. A.m=1ae D. a-b=8. Goi F(x) 14 mét nguyén ham cia ham s6 , thea min F(0) ae Tinh gid tri biéu + F(2017) + F(2018) + F(2019). Bee) Bera 220200, la hinh biéu kién nao sau Phan gach trong hinh vé tap cdc s6 phitc thoa man nhiéu gid tri nguyén m dé ham sé =I)x?+(m=1)x?=x+4 co. D. 3. ng tri dang con 5 bong dén II, cdc bong den déu khic Lay ra 5 bong dén bat ra so béng dén true toa 46 Onz / trong mau cla bénh nhan sau khi tiém vao co « trong 7 gid duge tinh theo céng thie c(t) "oa (mg/L). Sau khi tiém thudc bao [au thi néng 46 thud trong mau cua bénh nhan cao nhat? A. 4 gid B. 1 gid C. 3 gid Céu 22. Cho 3 s6 phite 232,32; thoa man D. 2 gid 2 +Z,+2,=0 22" lle fal=ll=™ Tinh A=|z, +2, +2 +2) +12 +2). A. cil B. 2/2. C. Cau 23. Cac kich thud cua mét bé boi dugc cho trén hinh vé (mat nude co dang hinh chi nhat). Hay tinh xem bé chtta duoc bao nhiéu mét khéi nude khi né day 4p nude? A. 1000m”, B.640m?. C.570m’. a ang — (phan e 5 oF , 3 D. 500m’. Cau 24. Gidi han lim 793 x-V4x—3 86 t6i gidn). Gia tricta a—b 1a 2, pel D. =. 8 9 Cau 25. Cho sé phite z thea man |z| =m? +2m+5 A.l. eS. voi m 1a sO thuc. Biét rang tap hop diém biéu dién ctta s6 phite w= (3+4i)z—2i 1a duong tron. Tim ban kinh R nhé nhat ctia dudng tron a6. A, R=5, B. R=10. C. R=15. D. R=20. Cau 26. Cho ham sé f(x) lién tuc trén khoang (-2;3). Goi F(x) 1a mét nguyén ham cia f(x) is a 2, tren khoing (-2;3). Tinh I= [[ (x) +2x]Jdy, biét = F(-I)=1 va FQ) =4, Se. B.=10. CA SOR crypts Cau 21. Goi S'la tap hop tat ca cdc 6 tw nhién c6 4 chit s0 lap duge tt tap hop X= (1,2,3,4,5.6,7,8 9} Chon ngau nhién mét sé tir s. Tinh : shon duge 1a sé chia ht cho 6. ee a“=e va F(0)=2. Hay ian Ric aya Z e€ e Cfiu 29, Biét ring him sé f(x)=ax?+bx+e thoa iC SE a e eu i man [rooae=—Z, [reee=2 va f/@dr=2 oO 0 0 (v6i a,b,ceR). Tinh gid tri ca biéu thic P=atb+te. 4 4 3 B.P=-—- CP=—. pete 3 Bt ge aw Cau 30. Cho f, g la hai ham s6 lién tuc trén [1:3] pee 4 3 thoa man diéu kién J[/@)+3g@)]ax=10 dong 1 3 x thoi [[2/@)-g@)]dv=6. Tinh [[/@)+g0)]ae. 1 1 AL9. B.6. Cur CAu 31. Biét m 1a sé thyc thoa man D. 8. 2 J x(cos.x+2m)dx = Qn? a 0 Ménh dé nao duéi day ding? A.m<0. B.06- CAu 32. Cho ham sé y= f(x). Ham sé y= f'(x) c6 d6 thi nhu hinh vé bén. Biét ring dién tich hinh phang gidi han bi truc Ox va dé thi ham sé y= /f"(x) trén doan [-2;1] va [l;4] Ten lugt bang 9 va 12, Cho /(1)=3. Gid tri biéu thite f(-2)+ (4) bing Ag Ds 25 _ W24v4xex? | Vi? =6x-+2m tat ca cde gid tri cua tham sé thc m im sto ings 6 dé thi (H,) quay cou true Oy ta duge cdc vat thé c6 thé tich lin luot 14 VV. Dang 4 thire nao sau day ding? 4 2 y=, BY = 3 Ch =%, DV, =¥, Cau 35. Cho lang tru ABC.A'B'C', trén cdc canh AA', BB’ lay cac diém M, N sao cho AA'=3A4'M, BB'=3B'N. Mat phang (C'MN) chia khdi lang try da cho thanh hai phan. Goi /; la thé tich ct khoi chép C'.A'B'MN, V, 1a thé tich ctia khdi da dién ABCMNC'. Tisd Z bang: 2 Abst phe es Log Caat Vou A Cau 36. Cho hinh chop S.ABCD cé day ABCD 1a hinh vuéng canh a, tam gidc SAB can tai S va nim trong mat phang vudng géc voi day. Biét thé tich x 7 cho hinh chép S.ABCD 1a © thang SC va mat phang day (ABCD) la A. 30°. B. 45°. E2600: Cau 37. Cho ham sé y= f(x) =x -3mx? +3(2m—Dx +1. Voi gid tri nao cla m thi f\(x)-6x>0 véi moi x228 D. 120°. Am> > Bm<-2. C.m>1. D.ms<0o. Cu 38. Goi m,M lan lugt la gid tri nho nhdt va gid tri 1én nhat cla ham sé feyage veal ‘trén doan [0; 3]. Tinh tong S=2m+”. Cat tir mien boi a phang dign tich la: h ‘hop ABCD, AB C'D' 6 nyt ca cac | ya céc gée phing dinh A déu bing g gitta hai duong thing AB’ malts dit. ll frong khéng gian Oxyz, cho hai diém B(131;2) va duéng thang pas Z— 1, nei ie d sao cho tam gidc MAB co dién tich 146, gid tri T= a+2b+3c bing E Bee. C4 D. 10. 43. Cho ham sé y= f(x) Ayestren doan [—2;2], va cd feduong cong nhu trong bén. Hoi phuong trinh 2 c6 bao nhiéu phan biét trén doan Beas €.4. | D3. i Trong kh6ng gian véi hé truc toa d6 Oxyz, “mit: phang (Q) song song voi mat phang —2y+z-17=0. Biét mat phang (Q) cit (S):x° +(y +2) +(z-1)? =25 theo mot tron c6 chu vi bang 6m. Khi do mat phing huong trinh 1a: +2+7=0. Biét diém M(a;b;c) thude B. 2x-2y+z+17=0. D. 2x-2y+z-17=0. khong gian véi hé toa d6 Oxyz cho va dudng thang (d) c6 phuong Goi (P) 1a mat phing di ong thing (d) va mat phang (P) la ) vudng géc voi mat Cau 46. Mot edi bd rong 6 hinh chir nhat. Tai mot géc nho cia ho. ngudi ta déng mét cai coe o vi tri K cach bo AB 1a 1m ya cach bo AC la 8m, 10 ey mot yt gor ek ae fab hinh vé). Tinh chiéu dai ngin nhat ctia cay sao dé cay sao 06 thé cham vao 2 ba AB, AC va cay coc K (bo qua dudng kinh cia sao), ces Wee rc. IN: pe eel Cfu 47. Cho ham 36 Ye ei c6 dé thi (C). Gia su A, B z hai diém thude (C) va d6i xtmg voi nhau qua giao diém ctia hai duéng tiém can. Dung hinh vudng AEBF. Dién tich nho nhat cua hinh vudng AEBF 1a: A. 82. B. 4V2. Cau 48. Cho phurong trinh 2sin? x +3 sin 2x —2(V3 sin x + cos x)—m=0. Dé phuong trinh chi co hai nghiém x,,x, thude khoang [-£4] thi me(a;b). Gidtri b-a Ia A3N3., BeAnW3.cyeG 4: Dp. 43-2, Cau 49. Cho hinh chop S.ABCD cé day 1a hinh binh hanh va c6 thé tich 1a V. Goi 1a trung diém cia SB. P la diém thugc canh SD sao cho SP=2DP. Mat phang (AMP) cit canh SC tai N. Tinh thé tich cla khoi da dién ABCDMNP theo V. C. 8) 23 A. V, == 19 aBCDMNP == 0 Ss B. Vice iee a Y. 2 Cy, =< ii ascomne = c>d va abcd =1.Tim hang sé k nhé nhat sao cho bat dang thite sau dung i, 1: ae a+l b+1 c+l d+4l i 2 a VO QUOC BA CAN (GV Archimedes Academy, Ha NGi) TIEN TOL OLYMPIC TOAN Bai T10/501. Cho n 1a sé nguyén duong lén hon hoae bang 6. Tim sé nguyén duong lén nhat m dé trong n sé nguyén duong phan biét bat ki khong vuot qué m luén ton tai 4 56 phan biét ma mét sé bing tong clia ba s6 con lai. HOANG NGOC MINH (GV THPT chuyén KHTN, DHOG Ha Noi) Bai T11/S01. Tim sé nguyén duong k nh6 nhat dé ton tai hai day {a,}, {6} thod man: nik’ b { 2018, 20dia duong thin eee Da a nghigm cba hoc siabineys ay a c sg wvog w tatnebiom gia toc trong THANH LAM (Ha Ngi) _ am thuan L duge mic vag. 6 dong dién 18 3 A. Néy ) thi cudng dé dong dign ao nhiéu ? Biét 4 thi dién 4p nguon (1) va Bai L2. Mot cudn ©: nguén (1) thi cong ie mac L vao nguon 2 hiéu dung qua mach 1a b: phu thude thoi gian cua ip ngudn (2) durge mé ta 6 hinh dudi. u(x100V) VIET CUGNG (Ha Néi) intersects CD at N. Prove that CNKH is a cyclic quadrilateral. Problem 7 . Solve the system of equations ker 138 : yy +6Vx.y+8Vx =213° ; FO SHOOL Problem T6/501. Solve the equation Wat +4.V2x—3 = (x 4 16x—12)Ye-1, Problem 17/501, Osas2, 0 +q° +5895, trong do p, q la hai so nguyén t6. Quy woe rang n\= Loi gidi. i. Tir gia thiét ta cé ngay n>3. Khi dd tong 14+ 24-34...4n!=3434...+n! chia hét cho 3 vi voi bat ki sé nguyén m23 thi 1.2.3...m chia hét cho 3. Mat khdc, 5895 chia hét cho 3 nén tir gia thiét 14+243l...4n!= p> +q° +5895 m\= suy ra p* +q° phai chia hét cho 3. Nhén xét. Méi sé chinh phuong chia cho 3 cé du 1a 0 hoae 1. Thuc vay, voi so nguyén & néu a=3k thi a’ =9k’, néu a=3k+r voir bang 1 ho’c 2 thi / bang 1 hodc 4 nén a@ =9k? +6kr+r* chia cho 3 du 1. Theo nhan xét trén thi p?+q’ chia hét cho 3 chi khi p® va q° déu chia hét cho 3, suy ra p va q déu chia hét cho 3, nhung theo gia thiét p va q déu 1a s6 nguyén t6 nén p =q =3. Tirdd 14-24-34... + n!=3? +3? +5895 = 5913, ma ta c6 1!+2!4+314- 414 5!+6!+7!=5913 nén Sa Tty4 a Déng Da; Hung Yén: Lé Doan Thi Diém, Yén Mi Van Quang Hiéu, 6D, THCS Ly Nhat Luong, Hoang Minh Théng, ae THCS Hé Xuan Huong, TTr. cau Gia Quynh : Ln. @ NGUYEN VIET HAI Bai T2/497. Cho tam gidc nhon ABC c6 dudng cao AH, trung tuyén BM, phan gide CK thoa man diéu kién HMK la tam gide déu. Chimg minh rang ABC la tam gide déu. Loi gidi. Ta c6 2 két qua sau: (1) Trong tam gidc vudng, A trung tuyén twong img voi canh huyén bang mot nwa na canh huyén. (2) Trong tam giae cé trung tuyén tuong wimg voi mot * ts c canh dai bang nira canh dé thi tam gidc dé 1a tam gidc vudng. Tr@ lai bai ton. Gia sir HMK la tam giéc déu. Xét AAHC ta c6 M == AC (theo (1)), ma KM=HM nén M =F AC, khi d6 theo (2) tac6 AAKC vu6ng tai K. Trong AABC cé CK vira la dwong cao vira Ja duéng phan giac nén AABC can tai C, suy ra AC = BC va CK ciing la duéng trung tuyén, tire K 1a trung diém cia AB. Khi d6 trong tam gidc vudng AHB co HK 1a trung tuyén nén HK => AB. Laiied HK =HM =>AC, suy ra AC = AB. Vay ABC 1a tam gidc déu. >Nhan xét. Cac ban sau co loi gidi dang: P PI Tho: za Truong TS 8A, THmn, r ing Dinh ‘Ditc, Tran Hong Danh Tién Nam, Thai Huyén Hao, Tran Duy Thanh Dat, _Kiéu Dinh Nam, Bui Nhat Trong Neuyén, Nguyén Cong Phnic, Van Chung, 8A, Hoang Thi Kim Van Quyén, Nguyén Vii Van Anh, Cong Toan, Dao Danh Hao, Tran n, Nguyén Xudn Khodi, 8D, THCS Ly D6 Luong; Quang Ngai: Pham n, TA, Dang Cao Gia Nguyén, 7C, THCS Dong, Nghia Hanh. ‘i NGUYEN THI TRUONG 497. Gia sur n Id mt sé nguyén duong 10 3° +7" chia hét cho 11. Tim sé du cia 17" +2018" khi chia cho II. i. (Li giai cia m6t sé ban) Ta dat voi k,rEeN,0NhGn xét. Bai toan khéng khé, c6 kha dong cdc ban tham gia giai, Nhing ban cé tén sau day cho Idi giai ding va gon: Nghé An: Chu Thé Phong, 8D, Lé Van Quang Trung, Nguyén Dike Bao Hoang, Nguyén Canh Manh, Nguyén Thanh Nguyén, Lé Van Manh, Lé Bite Anh, 9B, THCS Ly Nhat Quang, Dé Luong; Thanh Héa: Nguyén Viet Anh, 9D, THCS Nhit Ba S¥, Ttr. But Son, Hoang Héa; CAn Tho: Tran Danh Nhan, 9A5, THCS Doan Thi Diém, Ninh Kiéu; Quang Ngai: Pham Dinh Tam, 9A, Déing Cao Gia Neuyén, 9C, THCS Pham Van Dong, Nghia Hanh; Phu Tho: Vi Minh Khai, Dang Thdi Tudn, 9A3, THCS Lam Thao; Bac Ninh: Lé Danh Vinh, 9A1, THCS Yén Phong; Vinh Phue: Kim Ngoc Yén Nhi, 9A3, THCS Yén Lac. NGUYEN THANH HONG Bai 15/497. Giai phuong trinh: 13x? —5x—13 =(16x—-11)¥2x" -3. V6 eee v6 2 Phuong trinh da cho tuong duong voi 5(2x? -3) - (16x -1 1) V2x" -3 +3x —5x+2=0. Dat += 2x? -3, 120, ta duge 5? —(I6x-1l)t +3x* —5x+2=0, ti} i Loi gidi. DK: 2x’ -320< xz fe Voi x21: teh (1) <2 25(2x -3) =(x-1)? -1+5V149 $2,491" 22, 10=0 <> 2 ee aman er Dh2s af b=30 2 2x? -3=(3x-2) eee So 4 7x’ -12x+7=0 (2) Phuong trinh (2) v6 nghiém vi A'=36-49<0. Vay phuong trinh trong dau bai co nghiém duy nhat x a, a >Nhén xét. Sau khi dat diéu kién, c6 thé gidi bai toan bang cach binh phuong hai vé, bién déi vé phuong trinh tich (7x* -12x+7)(49x? +2x-76) =0 tir d6 suy ra két qua. Cac ban sau day 6 bai giai tét: Binh Phuée: Dang Dinh Van, 9/11, THCS Tan Phi, Dong Xoai; Pha Tho: Dang Thai Tudn, 9A3, THCS Lam Thao, Lam Thao; Ha N@i: Lé Ngoc Ting, 9A, THCS Nguyén Truc, Thanh Oai. NGUYEN ANH DUNG Bai 16/497. Giai hé phwong trinh xi VA Vax? 4544 45=6)xy) ay 2 2 .. ntti b2 oC Sak shit 2 '* =16Phong: Ha Noi: Hoang Ting, 12T, TEE chuyén KHTN, DHQG Ha Noi; Ha Tinb: Le Héng Quén, ©) Neuyén Quynh Trang, 10A1, THPT Ci Huy Cn Long An: V6 Hoang Phnic Khang, 10 Toan 1, ' ; THPT chuyén Long An; Lam pong: 76 Dite Anh v6i a>0,5>0), HPT (*) 11 Toan, THPT chuyén Bao Loc. S PHAM THI BACH NGOC oes Bai T7/497. Clatng minh bat dang thie sau cae dting voi moi 6 thc duong a, b, ¢, Bee mG (2) ‘ie Drea? 25 (ab+be-+ea)+ aatrbht+oab +c +c'a) (at+b)(b+c\(e+a) Ra a i P ° 4c dé eee eh +X +P). 16% gidi. (Theo da s6 cde ban). Sit dung céc ding unyakovsky ta cé: 2a +b')>(¢ +7Y. nhit thirc 2. DS 420462) 42(a? +8?) G+ yot(y+z)u+ (2 +x)v =(x+ y+z)(u+v+o)-(xu + yv+ zo), 2 2 iz +b°—2)(a* +b? +6) <0, (x+y+z) =(x? +y? +27) + 20y+yz+z), <2. Tir day suyra (ut+v+o)y = +v +0°)+2(uwv+vo+ an) +b? >2ab=>ab<1 : ta thu duge (x+ y)o+(y+z)ut+(z+x)v ne a+b) 5 Pad + 2S = atbs2. =y[0? +7 +2) +20y+)2z +20) x Bunyakovsky vio (1) voi xy[w°+v'+o°)+2w+vo+a)] —0u+v+z0). Tiép theo, 4p dung bat dang thie Bunyakovsky, ta thu duoc VP ty +2) +7 +0°)>xu+ w+zo; VIG? +) +2") +2094 yz+29] x 3 hoa man HPT (1),(2)). x ffaz ty ta) + 200+ v00% ex) (ou -+yv+z0) =1 exatl, y=tl. ZV ty +20 HE) + No ye aot vO ta) — Ga yr4z0), Sura (+ Yo+(y+2u+(e4 xy fe bai, 4p dun; : 2 Gy+ yz+ Zu + y04 au). ce)Rte +a a+b SE ORGS | Gay b+e eta atb 2W(@h +b +c'a’) x x eee See 1 (at+b\(b+e) (b+c\(c+a) (c+a)a+b) hay 2a +b* +¢?)—(ab+be +ca) zp ere enaey Peet) (a+b)(b+c)(c+a) Do do a+h +c 2H (ab+be +a) + is Plesbesteth ate 220) ' (a+b)(b+c)(c+a) >Nh4@n xét. Day 1a dang toan quen thudc ve chimg minh bat dang thite dang déi xg mé rong. Da sé cdc ban giri dén Toa soan déu cho loi giai ding theo cach da néu o trén. M6t sé ban str dung cac phép bién déi tuong durong va dat an phu cing cho cac két qua dang. Cac ban sau day cé 10i gidi ding: Dong Thap: Nguyén Triic Nhw Binh, 10T, Nguyén Nhat Hao, 11T, THPT chuyén Nguyén Quang Diéu; Ha N6i: Hoang Ting, 12T, THPT chuyén KHTN, DHQG Ha N6i; Ha Tinh: Bui Ti ién Ding, 10T1, THPT chuyén Ha Tinh; TP. Ho Chi Minh: Nguyén Phiic Thinh, 10CT1, THPT chuyén Lé ‘Hong Phong; Hung Yén: Doan Phi Thanh, 11T1, ‘THPT chuyén Hung Yén; Long An: Phan Qui L6c, 12T1, V6 Hoang Thic Khang, \0T1, THPT én Long An; Nam Dinh: Nguyén Quang Vinh, a “10TI THPT chuyén Lé Hong Phong; Quang Hoang Kim Ca, 11T, THPT chuyén Vo Gidp; Quang Tri: Lé Tri Curdng, 10A8, Bai 18/497. Cho tam , tron ni tiep la I, trong BG, CG lan lugt cat duong iro gide ABC tai A,,By,C,, Cling m : GA, + GB, + GC, = 1A HIBHIC. Loi gidi. Dat A BG =a,/AG= RAB =e Tir két qua quen thudc alA+ bIB +cIC =0, tacd (ald + bIB + cICY =0 2 @ IA + BIB? +.7IC + 2abIA.IB +2acIA.IC + 2beIB.IC =0 ood ls +0 1B +7°IC +ab(I4 + IB’ -c’) acl +1C? —B?) + be IB’ +IC’ —@)=0 > (a+b+0(ald +bIB + cIC’) =abc(a+b+e) TALS eB aia be+ca+ab>(IM+IB+IC) (a) Goi M1a trung diém cua BC, khi d6 2 2 MAMA, = MB.MC = = MA, =—*_. ; 4 gece 4MA MA ahead Tu dé GA, =GM + MA, =—"+—_3 — oe i ante (theo BDT Cauchy). Z b iG Z Tuong ty ta co: Goer is Serr GA, + GB, + GC, >—; Long An: Phan Qui Loc, wyén Long An; TP. HO Chi Thinh, 10CT1, THPT chuyén _ Cho cdc ham sé lién tuc [a:b] thea man f(g) =2(/); &(x) 1a cdc ham lién tuc nén A(x) am lién tuc. Gia str PT A(x)=0 vo Vi AG) la bam lién tuc nén chai Ab ili | A(x) > 0 Wx e[a;b] a A(x) <0 Vxe[a;b] beg 2; > x))+€> (g(x) +2. y nap rang -THPT chuyén 16 Quy SP e)zgA(Meo)+ke =a *(f(g(g)) +he=... =f(gk(x)z=eh\(xteteagh(x)+(k+De. Tit dé theo nguyén ly quy nap (*) dung vdi Vee [a;b],vn EN, Suy ra b> f"(x)2g"(x)+nEzat+ne. Cho n> thi a+ne>a, do dd bon. Dieu nay 1a v6 ly vi 5 httu han, do dé loai truéng hop nay. © TH2: A(x) <0 vxe[a;b]. Khi do 5é<0: h(x) thi b+ne>-w(do ¢<0), do a6 a——o . Diéu nay 1 vo ly vi a hitu han, do dé loai truéng hop nay. Két luan: Vay phuong trinh h(x) =0 cé nghiém hay phuong trinh f(x) = g(x)cénghiém. O »Nhgin xét, Cac gid thiét ciia bai ton da duge van dung khéo léo dé chimg minh két qua (*) va (**). Day chinh 1a diém mau chét trong 1di giai bai todn. Chi c6 it ban tham gia giai bai nay nhung Ii gidi déu khong ding. ( : TRAN HUU NAM Bai T10/497. Tim tdt ca cde cap sé nguyén | (m, n) thoa mén m>n+2019 ya mn?’ +2019 la hai lu thita ba ctia cée sé nguyén, Loi gi iguyén An Huy, 10 Toan, D Don, Quang Tr Gi moi sé nguyén a thi Gags tewtnce a ee aaaa =0(mod 9)hoac a? =+1(mod 9) a® =0 (mod 9)hoac a° = 1(mod 9) That vay: néu a=3k > a’ =0(mod9); néu a=3k +1 thi a =1(mod9); néu a=3k +2 thi a =—1(mod9); do d6 a° =(a°)’ =0 (mod 9) hoae a’ =1 (mod 9). > tae Quay tro lai bai toin: Gia sie” "17019 = 4 mn* +2019=b> - Néu a3 vavi é 4 aH Sc} eee n3 n:3 -Néu m:3>ni'n'27. Ma a?3=> a°:27=>2019:27 (v6 ly). *Néu 13m :27. Vi 20193356 3>b3> b°:27. Ma mn*:27 => 2019:27 (v6 ly). Vay a]3. Tuong tu 6/3. Vi af/3=>a*® =+1(m0d9) > m'n =a’ - 2019 =+1—2019=5 hoic 7 (mod 9). Tuong tu do b/3 nén mn’ =5 hoac 7 (mod 9). Do d6 (mn)° =(m'n)(mn’) = 25, 35, 49 =7,8,4 (mod 9). Diéu nay trai voi nhan xét. Do dé khong ton tai cap s6 nguyén (m, n) nao thoa man diéu kién dé bai. a »>NhGn xét. Cac ban sau day co ldi gidi ding: TP. Hb Chi Minh: Nguyén Phiic Thinh, 10CT1, chuyén Lé Hong Phong; Nghé An: Nguyén n, 10A1, THPT chuyén Phan Boi Chau; Chu Ngoc Chién, 11 Todn 1, THPT Bai T11/497. Cho tdp hop S ={1, 2, 3 Va Sip Sry.v Sq 1 ede tp con ctta vt. véi moi phan tir ie S, t6n tai ding 40 ¢ chita i. Ching minh réng ton tai cdc chi Fok,LE{1, 2s. 410} d6i mot phan biét sao cho |s, 08, 05)|S1. Loi gidi. Phan chimg: véi moi cdc chi s6 I< j) |S, 08,05). Te gia six Is jNhan xét. Day 1a bai toan tinh s6 phan tir cia tap hop, la phan “yéu” cia hoe sinh Viét Nam trong cdc ky thi Olympic Toan Quéc té. Trong sé cac ban gti loi gidi téi Toa soan cé hai ban cho loi giai gon gang nhu trén: Ha N6i: Ngo Quynh Anh, 10A1, THPT chuyén KHTN, DHQG Ha Néi; TP. HO Chi Minh: Nguyén Phiic Thinh, 10CT1, THPT chuyén Lé Hong Phong. NGUYEN MINH DUC Bai 112/497. Cho tie gide ngi tiép ABCD voi E la giao diém cia AC va BD. Hai duong tron (EAD) va (EBC) cat nhau tai F khde E. Trung inge tia cde don sea ACentu 1a trung diém cia 4B, u 1a hinh chiéu cia F (CE,CF) =(BE, BF) =(BD,BF)(modz). m gide FAC, FDB dong dang (ciing be\ @) a (2), theo dinh li Thales, chu y ring P, A trung diém ctia AC, BD va_X, Y theo | Nhe Min, 1212, THPT 10A1, THPT chuyén Nguyén Thién Thanh, Tp, Tra Vinh; Dong Thap: Nguyen Thi MY Ngoc, 10T, Huynh Tan Phic, 117, THPT chuyén Nguyén Quang Diéu, TP. Dong Thap. NGUYEN MINH HA Bai L1/497. Tai O trén mat nudc cé mét nguén phat song voi tan s6 f =80Hz, toc 46 truyén song ld 1,6m/s. Ba diém A, B, O nam trén mat nude tao thanh tam gide vudng tai O. Biét 04 =9cem; OB =12cm. Xde dinh sé diém dao dong cing pha véi A trén doan BA. Loi gidi. Goi OH 1a dudng cao cua tam gidc OAB. Do tam gidc vudng tai O nén ta tinh duge OH =7,2cm. Buéc song: 2 = =2cm; O4=9cem=4,5/ nén dao dong tai A nguoc pha vdi tai O. Xét diém P bat ky trén canh AB. Dé P dao déng cling pha vdi A (tite 14 nguge pha voi O) thi: il Q op=(k+t)2 voi k fl * 1a sé nguyén. A PH B * Khi P thuéc 4H: OH Nhén xét, Cac ban c6 163 giai ding: TP. Hd Chi Minh: Nguyén Phiic Thinh, 10CT1, THPT chuyén Lé Hong Phong; Thita Thién Hué: Lé Ngoc Minh Nhat, Tran Huy Quy, Phan Nhét Tién, 12 Lyeiiie Quéc hoc Hué, TP. Hué.; chira bién ire va cuén eine trén aan MB es tu dién. Dat vao hai déu A, B m6t é en ap a ania Uap = wes 100) F ve did chinh bién tré sao cho cong sudt tiéu thu trén doan AB dat cuc dai P= 45 W. Biét rang khi a6 dién dp trén mach doan mach AM co biéu thie la E tay = 1202 cos{ 100% +2 =|. Xac dinh dién dung cua tu dién? Li gidi. So d5 mach dién duge mé ta nhw hinh a, Tac6 gian dé vecto nhw hinh b. io. a/ Bers Med : —_LLieyeo A v4 B Hinha Khi céng suat tiéu thu trén 4B cuc dai thi: R=|Z, Z|; (Ti€p theo trang 18 4 eek uais MATHEM MATICAL OLYMPIA: at a2b2c>d and abcd =1. Find ‘constant & so that the following nteger which is MAB= S050) ee Suy ra MAN = 60°. Un = Vay cos MAN =120c0s60° = 60(V); Ug % ‘max R= = 80 (Q). U, = U,y-sin MAN = 120sin60° =60¥3 (V) Ue =U, +U, = 60(V3 +1). (V) Zo 5 Uae een Fee. Suy ra Zc=218,6 (Q) va C = 15 (uF). a >Nhén xét. Chic mimg cdc ban cé tén sau day da cé loi giai dang cho dé ra ky nay: Thira Thién Hué: Ha Phuong Hoang Mai, Lé Nhw Minh, Tran Huy Quy, 12 Ly 2, Phan Nhét Tién, 12 Toan 2, THPT chuyén Quéc hoc Hué. DINH THI THAI QUYNH . Find the smallest integer k so that there exist two sequences {a,}, {b,} satisfying a) a,,b, €{1, 2018, 20187,2018,...},7=1,2,....k5 oblem T11/S0 b) a, #5,9=1,2,..,k3 | ©) 4, $ diy, SBi13 a Yq vo. eee tel » isl i. TS Problem T12/501. Given triangle AB AB + AC=2BC . Let O be its st postive oobdeligapHpocenterslyets Maibed ve that the ciANH QUA CAC BAI TOAN BAISO 42 Notice that the order of 2 7s here is not 2 identical cans important since they are identical. row. But we have 3 such above models (CCC) can be left, center, or right. Therefore the number of AF ina ‘arrangements if the 3 required arrangements is 3x GC; alae are not next to each other. TU VUNG the model (CCC)_O0_O_, ola; Tis for green tea; and O is e have 4 spaces _ to place 2 Arrangement : su sip xép Identical : dong nhat, giéng hét nhau Translated by NGUYEN PHU HOANG LAN (College of Science — Vietnam National University, Hanoi) Bai todn. Mot thie vién cé 4 ban sao giéng hét nhau ctia cubn séch A, 2 ban sao giong hét nhau ctia cuén séch B va 5 ban sao giéng hét nhau cua cudn sdch C. 11 cuén sdch nay dwoc xép trén mot ké sdch 6 the vién. Tinh sé cdch sap xép khde nhau sao cho tét ca cuén séch A dat canh nhau va khong cé cuén séch B nao dat canh nhau. : Loi gidi. Co nhiéu cach dé giai bai toan nay. Chung ta sé trinh bay ——_ phap chén. Khi dat 5 cu6n sach C canh nhau, ta con 6 vi tri dé dat (AAA): C_. Khi dat (4444) ching han _C_C (AAAA)_C_C_C_ ching ta c6 7 vi tri | séch B. Chon mt vi tri dé dat cudn sich B dau tién vao, vi du CBC _C_, cudn séch B thir hai cé 6 vi tri dé dat. Vay sé cach sip xép thoa man pS <5 5 6 Ta can phai chia cho 2 boi vi khi hon vi cae cudn sdch B, ta khong tao ra cau trong dé kiém tra toan cap do A. 6 bai dich tot, giri bai vé Toa soan som: Bic Ninh: Nguyén Thi Nhat, 12A1- Yen Phong; Ha Tinh: Nguyén Minh Chau, 10T1, Nguyén Trice Qujnh, ; Thira Thién Hué: Le Thj Minh Thu), 10 Toan 1, Lé Thi Thani Nea, 1 Toan 1, Lé Nhw Minh, Tran Thi My Linh, Nguyén Dinh Thong, Quéc hoe Huss Vinh eri Truong Gia Big 11, Dat van dé Ngan ngit Phap c6 cau: ‘*Todn hoc la vua ctia cée Khoa hoc nhung Sé hoc la Nix hoang”, diéu nay ni 1én tam quan trong ciia $6 hoe trong doi séng hang ngay va trong khoa hoc. Sé hoc gitip con ngudi cé cdi nhin tong quat, sau réng hon, suy luan chat ché va tu duy sang tao. Trong cdc ki thi chon hoc sinh gidi cdc cap, cdc bai toan vé Sé hoc thuong déng vai trd quan trong. Ching ta cé thé Jam quen nhiéu dang bai toan Sé hoe, biét nhiéu phuong phap giai, nhung ciing cé bai toan chi cé mét cach giai duy nhat. Méi khi gap m6t bai todn méi ching ta lai phai suy nghi tim cach gidi mdi. Su phong phu va da dang ctia cdc bai todn Sé hoc luén 1a su hap din déi v6i méi gido vién, hoc sinh gidi yéu toan. Xuat phat tir nhimg y nghi do toi da bién tap va hé thong lai mét sé bai todn hay dé viet thanh bai viet “‘Hé thang dw day di va mot sé bai todn dp dung”. Trong bai viét nay, do khuén khé c6 han nén ching tdi chi trinh bay vi ban doc lam quen cae dinh Ii (khéng ching minh) va c 4p dung dé gidi mét sd bai toan $6 hoc vé chia hét thudc mét s6 dang khac nhau. 6 If thuyét 2.1. Cho a 1a mét sé nguyén, m la 6 ng. Tap a={xeZ|x=a (mod m)} s6 nguyén ma dong du modulo m i leace ns. voi a duge goi ki mét Iép thang du, hdc 16p dong du, modulo m. Dinh li 2.2. V6i meZ va a, beZ, taco (1) a=b néu va chi néu a=b (mod m), (2) anb=@ hoac a=b, G) Ux=Z, (4) hai sé nguyén x va y thudc cling Iép thang du khi va chi khi x = y (mod m) va (5) m lép thang du 0,1,....27—1 1a roi nhau va hop cla ching Ia tap tat ca cdc s6 nguyén. Dinh nghia 2.3. Chon m6t so x, ti méi lép thang du modulo m. Khi d6 tap cdc sé Nie Nyse duge goi la mét hé thang du day di modulo m. Noi mét cach khac, tap cdc s6 nguyén {XXX} 1A mot hé thing dur dy da. modulo m néu (1) x, 4 x, (mod m) voi bat ki i# j; (2) voi méi sé nguyén x, cé mot ie (1,2,...,m} sao cho x= x, (mod m) Chang han, tap {0,1,2,....m—1} 1a mét vi du cha mot hé thing du day di modulo m. Hoae {4,-7,14,7} la mot hé thing du day di modulo 4. wii Nhén xét, Cho m 1 m6t s6 nguyén duong, Gy t¥a Be ftiy ae irs atin GA Sih igerfen t s6 nguyén to thi d(p)=P-1. Mat Khio, $(m) = m~1 néu va chi néu m Ja so nguyén 16, Dinh ii 2.8. Néu n=pi'pe--Py, tong 45 P,@=1,7) la cdc s6 nguyén t6 phan biét thi dn) = (p, —D pk" Cp, —Dpe.-(P, — Dee a Dinh li 2.9. Néu UCLN(am)=1 vw {ritia-ostin} 1A mot he thang du rit gon modulo . uel eee 2} m, thi {a7,,47,,..., 7m} cling 14 mét hé thang dy rut gon modulo m. (x,m) =UCLN (y,m). 3. Cac thidu i. . Mot lép thang di @ modulo m ‘ nguyén t6 cing nhau voi m néu nguyen. 5). Cho n>2 la mét sé im so cdc sé nguyén duong m sao cho msn vam +1 chia hét cho n. Cho m 1a m6t sé nguyén duong. mé6t hé thang du day di modulo hé thang du rit gon modulo m Loi gidi. Ki higu D(x) 1a s6 cdc sé nguyén duong m sao cho m-->P,) 1a hoan vi cta {1,2.... =0(mod ), suy va thi ,n} va thoa man diéu kién, béi vi {p, +i|13 va n+1 1a hop sé, thi n+1 chia hét nl, nén trong trréng hop nay khong thé xay ra. Néu n+1= p>3 1a mot s6 nguyén t6, thi theo dinh li Wilson (p—1)!=—1 (mod p), (p-2)!=1=1 (mod p) cing khong thé xay ra. vi vay Nhu vay cdc kha nang con lai ld n=1, = 2 va cac gid tri nay thoa man diéu kién da cho. Thi du 3.4 (APMO 2014). Tim tat ca ctc $6 nguyén duong n sao cho voi moi so nguyen k ton chia hét cho n. tai m6t so nguyen adé a +a-k Poi siat Bai toan dua vé viéc tim cdc sé nguyén sao cho tap A= {a +al aé ¢} la mot hé thang ‘dit theo modulo ». Ta goi tinh chat nay boi D 1g nhan thay 7 =1 théa man (*) yng tho man. Néu a=6 (mod n), thi *, a ais BE eins azb va a’ +a=b +b (mod n). ’ Trude hét, ta chimg minh ring 3/ thoa man (*) voi moi j21. Gia sir a +a=b? +b (mod 3/) voi a#b. Khi do (a—b)(a@’ + ab + b* +1) =0 (mod 3’). Ta dé dang kiém tra theo modulo 3 ring fbn a? +ab+b? +1 khong chia hét cho 3. Dé y rang néu A khéng la mot hé thang du day du modulo sé nguyén r, thi nd cting khéng 1a mét hé thang du day di modulo bat ki bi cua r. Khi 46 viée con lai can chimg minh 1a voi bat ki sé nguyén t6 p>3 khong thoa man (*). Néu p=i(mod4), ton tai b sao cho b? =-1(mod p). Khi 6 ta My a=0 dé nhan duoc déng du a} +a=b° +b (mod p). Bay gid gid st _p =3 (mod 4). Ta sé ching minh co céc sé nguyén a,b#0(mod p) sao cho a +ab+b’ =—1 (mod p). Dé y rang ta c6 thé a#b(mod p), vi a=b (mod p) thoa man a +ab+b’ +1=0 (mod p), thi (2a) +(2a)(—a) +a’ +1=0 (mod p) va 2a =—a (mod p). gid st nguge lai néu Goi ¢ 1a nghich dao cua b modulo p (nghia 1a bco=1(mod p)), quan hé 1a tuong duong voi (acf +ac+l= thé ldy cdc gid tri clia tat cd cde thang du khéng binh phuong modulo p. Néu ta c6 thé tim mét sé nguyén x sao cho x*+x+1 1a mét thing du khéng binh phuong modulo p, thi cac gid tri cla a Oe a: 1 Spades A ¢ od aide o8b abaleg BG: —c? (mod p). Dé y rang —c? codu khéng binh phuong tridé x? +x +1 phai aan i ic 1 Bx cho yEC. Gia sir y=z* (mod p) va +1 (mod p) (ta lun 6 thé chon w i d6 y+3=4(w +w+1)(mod p). ‘Tuan trén, ta biét ring 40s? +w+I)eC. omen EC suy ra y+3€C. Trt ens dan dén tat ca cdc phan tir cua > C, mau thuan. Két luan nay duge , trong dé b 1a sé nguyén khong ISAMO 2006). Cho p Ia mét sé 2 (b) néu RR Ac 86 pene m van sao cho 01, ath padd at im oluben = te [] nay ta khong nhan duge Thi du 3.8. Cho p Ia sé n, x p=l(mod4). Tinh bieu thie: S= (trong do {x} =x —[x], [x] la s6 nguyén lén nhat khong vuot qua x). Loi gidi. Truoc hét ta dé y rang (-kY =(p—k)? =F (mod p). Citing vay, néu -1 . x =y’ (mod p), trong dé 1S 5 yee thi (x—y)(x+y)=0 (mod p).Tix day suy ra din dén x=y. Do p=l\(mod 4) nén theo tiéu chuan Euler cé x=y(mod p) va a ot [E]-co" =I, khi 46 —1 14 mét thing du P , ne =1}f6 binh phuong modulo p. Boi vi | —]}=|]—]|— Pp PVP nén 6 1a m6t thing du binh phuong modulo p néu va chi néu —b= p—b 1A thang du binh phuong modulo p. Do 46 déi véi modulo p, tap pk 2 {raf 2) la mét tap cd dang ee ee i 7 z) trong d6 es Do l2 va p>a, vi 2 1a s6 nguyén t6. Ching minh ring néu Tiowest, Va m,,...m, 1a hai hé thang du day di bat Ki modulo p, thi tap rm... 7%} Khong 1a mét hé thing du day du modulo P. Bai 5. Cho m>2 la mét sé nguyén. Ching minh rang tong ctia cdc phan tir cia mét hé thang du rit gon modulo m la dong du véi 0 (mod m).1, Dat van dé Trong hoc tap va giang day mon ton cing nhy O'€ A'C' < (SAC) nbimg mon hoc khac, viée tim tdi nhiing két qua O'eB'D' <(SBD) méi, tong quat hda cdc dang ton Iuén 1a didu can => O' € (SAC) A (SBD) thiét. Trong m6t s6 tai ligu toan 6 bac trung hoc phd thong, chung ta da gap bai bai todn sau: Bai toan goéc. Cho hinh chép S.ABCD cé day =>0'eSO, Ap dung dinh li Menelaus trong ASAC, ta c6 ABCD la hinh binh hanh tam O. Mat phéng (a) ) eat cdc canh SA, SB, SC, SD lén ‘wot tai Ap dung dinh li Menelaus trong ASAO, ta c6 A,B'C',D'. Khi dé taco S44, 5C _ SB SD 45 KA 00 KO_45 00 SA’ Sc’ SBI SD WhO OS. eee Bai todn trén 14 mét két qua dep, tuy nhién no chi ap dung cho trréng hop day 1a hinh binh hanh va cdc | diém 4',B',C',D' thudc canh bén. Ligu rang chting taco thé mo rong két qua trén cho truéng hop day = tKC =1.KO+t(1—-)AC ABCD 1a mét tit gidc 16i tay y va céc giao diém (1-)KA=(1-)KO-1(1-) AC A’,B',C’,D' thudc dudng thang chita cdc canh bén = — eee et : = 1KC#(.-)KA= KO => SC aaa (A,B',C’,D’ khéng nhat thiét phai thudc canh bén). Kaa at ee 2. Bai toan mé réng a Bai ton mé@ réng. Cho hinh chép S.ABCD. O la fs oO BO p giao diém cia AC va BD va 4 ol =s. Mat Phang (a) cat duéng thang SA, SB,SC,SD lan wrshiSA uot tai A’, B',C', D' (khéc S). Dat a DD iS Ap dung dinh li Menelaus trong ASBO, ta cé BS BOO _, 7 B30 BB JO O'S JB BB O'S tM Road did nie i OMT (4)Be . Ap dung két qua cua bai toan mé cp) ‘SD reer A Pgs sis eg ap 32 nee set SB’ SD! WSC EE SA, SC SB. SD A SG, ; Day la két qua cua bai todn goc da duge dé cap & dau bai viet. Bai to4n 1.3.3 Cho hinh chép S.ABCD co Susp =3Sacp> Sac =25uco- M la trung diém cua SA, P la diém trén canh SC thoa man SP =2PC, N la diém di d6ng trén canh SB (N khong tring S). Tim hay al diéu kién cia = dé mat phang (MNP) cat canh SD. Léi gidi. Goi O 1a giao diém ee OTD tia, AC Va BD. ACS) Suan =3Ssco ee aye Goi Q 1a giao diém cta mat phang (MNP) voi dung thing chtta canh SD, d= BOs ¢ 5 SD Ap dung ket qua bai toan mé rong: 165 | oa 39b 38: sabeVay (MNP) cat canh SD khi Fe sta, he Bai toan 1.3.4 Cho hinh chop tie gide S, ABCD oO dié 4 <2 Re la giao diém cia AC va BD, AD = 8G M, Na Pla ede diém thoa man SM = 2SA, SN= Us eee a ie : SI ee » Goi Q la giao diém cia mat phang (MNP) véi dung thang SD. Tinh ti sé 52. SD Loi gidi. Ti AD = 38C HO) AD = ——— AC AD+BC Ieee 1X nee es AD ——— 3. AD =—BC => s =——= 2 BD AD+BC Moyo Wi as arbi sy eee ae 2 BGK 2 0) Se I ay a a SA SBS ga 4 BG) 44 aD : Ap dung két qua cita bai todn mé rong: 1-1 ¢ yah a LS asi ats Loi giai. Goi (MNP) {Q},d =: Goi ACN BD = {0}, r Bowie AO _3 AD= SBC => t= = 7, iz: BD he st SA=25M, 2SB =3SN Ap dung két qua bai toan mé réng ee flo ere ta duge pees Db ed 5. a c Nhu vay, mat phing (MNP) chia khéi chép S.ABCD thinh hai khéi S.MNPQ va MNEOABCD, ._V, —Y «sepa: ae saat V=Veanep tacd Vso aes "BONEN id VS. Se a Vs.aco _ Saco _ AO _3 Vv Vv Noces A 4 SACD ~ Ysson _ SM SN SP? 1.2301 Veaze SAIMISB--SGP™52, SoS mn See eo ee S41 205 Ysro SM SP SQ _ V, ‘S.ACD— Ohiing minh. Ke dong thing 4 lugt tai E, F. Theo b6 dé 1, . taco BS pe = DIM Tn pRe 2g." 4p =. BC+— AD, : ‘ AB BD GEM Ness tic diém thuée cdc 2 ee >= woe BM +=——-AD, pee EF = BM +MN+NF =~ AD+MN+— Suy ra a . Dig oo _ BM ae a2! ap ee Dy a0 BD la cde diém trén canh asl yy /7 psa V lc G; DD! dong thei MN, P, O ding => MN=——.BC+——-DA. ve 2.2. Bai todn mé rong _ 1 AM+BN+CP+DO Bai to4n mé réng. Cho hinh lang tru co Ad ABCD.A'B'C'D! 6 déy ABCD Ia te gide Idi. Goi : (462) (eee O, O! lan uot la giao diém cua AC va BD, A'C' va =5(—, — |= -| |. e iad’ a yd), PD it. aoe OO oe P, Q la bén ta co thé thiét lap mét két qua téng AC BD ai bai todn trén. Hon nia, trong truéng ctia hinh lang tru khéng phai la hinh tam aM BN oP binh hanh ma 1a hinh ti gidc 1di tiy y thi 44’, BB’, CC’, DD’ Dat a = == quat tuong img khéng? @ hinh thang ABCD co AD | BC. Hai lan luot thugc cde doan AB, CD va diém dong phéng va lan luot thuée céc duong thang d= Pe Khi do: DD' i) (I-Na+te=(1-s)b+5d, ii) Néu OSa, b,c, d<1 thi Fawcomneo _ 1 ae = 3-9) + 2s + (s-+1—15)e], 7 , ABcD.A'B'cp' 3S i) Goi MPA NO={ J}, eh J . i) Goi O={J}. Suy ra J &(ACC'4') \(BDD'B') = 00'. Do d6 MP, NO, OO' ding quy tai J. Ta ching minh = (l-Da+te. -AD, + Xéttrudng hop AM.CP > 0, we Ap dung bé 8 1 véi 6 Pp dung: le 1 voi hinh thang ACPM, ta c6 oF = 22 op, £0 = AC CA CP CO AM OF Gh ag oat+ Xét trudng hop AM.CP <0, : Ap dung bé dé 2 véi hinh thang” APCM, tacé a AOR GX OF =—=-CP +S. ‘AC CA a oi ue = oo' ae (l-Na+te. oo’ ce 40 AM AC CC CA a OTe: Do do Go a4 Dat+te (dd) Ching minh tuong tu, taco C2 — (l-s)b+sd (2) Tu (1), (2) suy ra (1—1)a+te = (1-s)b+sd. it) Dat V=Vascy seco Ee jwcane — Syo _ BO_, e) - Susco AM +BN+CP 34d’ _ AM +BN+CP _atb+c 344’ 3 Tu (3), (4) thu duoc Vascump _(at+b+c)s_ Ve 2 Ta cé Von aco _ Saco POD)» =s (5) 4 PM Sin «DB ~ Vicompo _ AM+CP+DQ 3AA’ Tacé is ABC.MNP_ _ Vascanc _AM+CP+DQ _ate+d 6 a? 3 Ad 3 Virco.meo. _ (arctd)\l=s) % 3 Vascoveo Vascoss'cn' 2.3. Mét sé 4p dung Bai todn 2.3.1 Cho hinh nip ab CO ‘CD’. Mat phang (a) cat céc canh bén AA’, BB’, cc’, Dp! lan luot tai M,N, P, Q. Chimg minh rang: i a) AM+CP=BN+DOQ. Se Viscb.weo _ AM+BN+CP+ DO a a he Visco A'B'C'D" _AM+CP _BN+DQ M1 - 204A py ae Loi gidi. a) Goi O, O' lan lugt 1a giao eee He A’ Ag, va hop nén CoO tEsOe 1 Ge 2 Pepa M,N, P, Q thugc cac canh bén, nén _AM _AM ,_ BN _ BN . Adi AA. BREE BBL, ECPanGP, ie QO, Gt 6 CGy Ap dung két qua bai toan mé réng, (I-)a+te=(1-s)b+sd =>a+c=b+d>AM+CP=BN+DQ. () b) Ta co wh. Vawco.sweo _ 1 POMP. = [1-1 +ts)a4t (Os1)b (setts Vanco.aa'co’ asl : A stk w Visco.neo pata Hie AM +CP > Vasco.as'co' 2 Tir (1), (2) tac6Dat d= m Ap dung két qua bai toan mo rong: w LF: sro ae ’ (l-Hatte=(-s)b+sd voi t=7,8=4, 4=0=5 B av DO Domes mét tir gide ABCD va b=? taduge d= => 2E ==> ae K EG=pD 5 DD’ “gl b) Ap dung két qua bai toan mo rong: Lowcosaro 1 4p 4ts)a+ (2s-b+(8+t-15)¢] Ve ABCD.A'B'CD! 3 voi ae prnale ie va b== ta duoc i A 5 nee a3 Viren cet 513) Vascounco: 30 Viscose tVarwconaro 30 Viscose 13 Vascpmro 17 Bai todn 2.3.4. Hinh lang tru ABCD.A'B'C'D' cé O, O' lan uot la giao diém ctia AC va BD, A'C' Cho hinh lang tru ABCD.A'B'C'D' va B'D'.M,P la cdc diém thea man M, P lan lug ta trang diém cia 4d’ =-3AM, 26C' ie 3GP. Goi O'la giao diém cia thoa man SBN =3BB’. mat phing (MNP) véi duéng thang DD'. Tinh DOF eh d= biét rang OA=40C, OD =20B. spr bidtrdng Os OB Loi gidi. Ti OA=40C, OD =20B ep BAC eaS EZEOy Bon diém déng phang M, B, et A Q lan luot thude cdc duéng thing Ad‘, BB’, CC’, DD' théa man Ad =-34M, 2CC = 3CB 2 = C= = 4, 4! 3 > Gi. 3 "5 b B. 2B! Ap dung két qua bai ton mo ¢tong, SI Ue Datte= (-s)b+sd ete es Se EDD! SsBai ton 2.3.5 Cho hinh lang wu ABCD.A'B'C'D! 6 O la giao diém cia AC va BD thoa. man AO =20C, BO=OD. M, P, K la cac diém thea AM = MA’, CP =2PC',9BK =2BB'. N Ia diém di d6ng trén doan KB’. Goi Q Ia giao diém ctia (MNP) voi duwong thang DD'. Ching minh rang ti sé yee, BOIS khong phu thude vi tri ctia N. ABCD. A'B'C'D” Loi giai. Tir 40 =20C, BO=OD eee LOR “g- 3* pps Go AM = MA’, CP =2PC', ViN thuéc doan KB’ nén BK ¥ BN 2 i Dat d cee M,N, P, Q 1a bin diém dong phing thudc céc duéng thang 44’, BB', CC’, DD' nén (l-da+te=(1—s)b+sd. i 22a nén 2 Reds. Do 46 Q thudc canh DD’. M,N, P, Q la bon diém dong phang thugc céc canh CC’, DD' nén ele risyas sano (e+e~H)o] s Vianco.mro khong phu thuéc vi tri cla N. (ABCD.A'B'CD’ el ; % nh lang tru ABCD.A’B'CD' cb cia AC v6i BD, aC a) Xac dinh vi trt cua Ion nhat. — b) Tim gid tri nho nhat cia Visco.cwen' chuyén trén BK. Loi gidi. a) Ta co | to Ue Goan. ay Ce IID. 3 Wal = 24M, PC’ =2CP, — eke 5BK =3KB' => a=c=-, = BK =3KB' > a=c=3, = NV thuéc doan BK nén DD' thudc cdc dudéng thang 44’, BB’, CC’, DD’ nén (l-da+te =(1-s)b+sd. Suyra 2b+d=1=>d=1-2b. Vi osbs= nea sash Do 46 @ thuée canh DD'. M,N, P,Q la bén diém déng phang thudéc céc canh 44’, BB’, CC’, DD' nén y, 1 Fa Faas a OS Dee ee ‘ABCD.A'B'CD! oe NG Oebee 9 3) 8 Y, : Ti do Sore dat gid tri lon nhat khi b= 0, tite Vaphieco laNneB.y tam giée MBN déu. Ap dung dinh ly c6si cho tam gidéc OBN cé See BN? = OB? + ON? —20B.0N.cos BON, nén BN? = R? + R? cos? a —2R’ cos@.cos(a + 60°) = R?[1+ cos? a —2.cos.a(cos @.cos 60° —sinasin 60°)] ee nr (1-Bsnae}se'(ie? | én durong tron (O, R) cho nam 2 2 A, B,C, D, E theo thit tr dé, sao DE=R. Goi M,N lan lwot la CD va AE. Hay xc dinh gid tri | thé cé cil i chu vi tam gidc BMN. RB lonmlnesney {uaa me RQ +V3) mg khé kh’in lam nhan ra tam 2 2 Nhu vay mau chét cia bai toan dat duge khi @ = 45°. Chu vi lon nhat c6 thé cd 1 gia tri 1én nhdt cua mét canh cua 3R(. +3) 2. Dang thite xay ra khi va chi khi sinda =1oa@=45". cua tam gidc BMN la p 1. Dat gc AON=a,0OK = ON cos NOR = RY3 cosa oe AON + COM =90° => cos€OM =sin AON, Tind6 KM =OK + 044 = V3Reosa | 9 5 x Tam gidc KMN vuéng tai K nén MN* = NK? + KM? inh i Pythagore) Do do MN? “(Sey +[ ésose 2 2 > +Rsing] 4 =R°(1+\3sinacosa) ty 2 a (16558 ates }-x[10-9] Suy ra MN tana=14 a=45", Chu vi I6n nhat c6 thé cé cita tam gidc BMN 1a _3R0+V3)_ aie Dinh huéng3. Dé thay ring AC = RV3. Te gide ACDE cé M, N lan luot 1a trung diém cia Heo CD, AE nén mn < =P 5AC tite Li a e sitahgaler Shyer sens ues ae todn co ban, quen satis cua hinh hoc lép ta 6 duge loi giai ngin are cua bai Dé chimg minh duge AC = RV3. Goi l a trung diém cia CE. Ta c6 NIA duéng trung binh cia tam gidc ACE nén N= x. RB va NI // AC. Tuong ty MI la dudng trung binh cla tam gidc CED nén Mists MI |/ ED. oa) Xét ba diém J, M, Ntacé MN < NI + MI. Do 46 av < R048) tacd 7 Dang thite xay ra khi va chi khi / nim gitta M, N => MN [AC // ED. Vay chu vi lén nhat 06 thé c6 cia tam giée 3R(1+3) eo NGUYEN DUC TAN (TP. Hé Chi Minh) Nhfn xét. Ngoai ba cach giai cia ban Nguyén Dite Tan, Toa soan Tap chi TH&TT con nhan duge mét s6 céch gidi nita tuong ty Cach 1 va Cach 2 @ trén ctl ban Trvong Quang An, x& Nghia Thing, huyén Tu Nghia, tinh Quang Ngai, LE MAI (Ha Noi) BMN1a p=y ABCDEF cé canh bang iby aa mot am trong lue gide vé cde doan thang ink luc gide tao ra 6 tam gidc. Ching ang voi moi diém M thi 6 tam gide dy 3 2 tam gide cé chu vi lén hon hodc bang MA AB=1 => AMB< 60° => were 1 = chu vi AMAB = MA + MB + AB23. Xét AMFC 06: MF + MC > FC= 2 = trong hai doan thing MF va MC sé co mot doan 16n hon hodc bang 1, gia st MC21—> chu vi AMBC la MC + MB+BC21+4B+1=3 => AMAB va AMBC cé chu vi lén hon hoae bang 3. Bai toan duge chimg minh. Nhén xét, Bai ton khong kh6, 163 giai chi st dung kién thire co ban 6 THCS va bat dang thtre tam gidc. Rat tiéc 14 khéng c6 ban nao tham gia giai bai nay. NHU HOANG (Ha N6i) Sau day 1a bai tap dé nghi. Ban doc hay gui 10i giai vé Toa soan TH&TT truée ngay 31.4.2019. BAITAP DE NGH] : Bai 32. Xde dinh gid tri nhé nhdt cé thé cua biéu thite A=|2" -181"| voi m va n Ia cdc sé nguyén duong. KHANH HUU (Ha N6i) SECIS IORI IOICI ICR AC IO IASI ICRI RAR ACR IR ACK AA A He se ae Math Jokes You might be a mathematician ifs, You are fascinated by equations. You know by heart the first fifty digits of 7m, You have tried to prove Fermat’s Last Theorem. You know ten ways to prove the Pythagorean Theorem, Your telephone number is the sum of two. prime numbers. TERED RRS ICAO AIO AICO III 3se Pa eee Tet cg? GIAI DAP: DUGQC DIEM 10! (Dé dang trén TH&TT sé 497, thang | 11 nam 2019) Phan tich. Ban Mj Linh 4a pham hai sai lam 1a: Tht nhat, khi dat ey teR 18 chua ding ma diéu kién cia 7 1 t<—V3 hofe +> 3. Thi hai, chua kiém tra c6 x, y dé P=-6, P=3 hay khong ma da két luan. Léi gidi ding. Voi x° —3y? =1, taco _ 3 +12xytx7 +1 _3y? + 12xy +27 +x? -3y? 2xy +2x? -1 Qxy + 2x? —(x? -3y”) 2x? +12. = >. Viiy=0, ta 06 P=2. x” +2xy +3y 2 oe (=) oe Voi ys0thi P= tA _Y x +2xy+3y x x =| +2=4+3 X do x2-3y? =1e9 x? =3y? +1>3y" Dat t=— Bi eas otra 1 . (Ta 06 thé thé x = fy vao PT >v3 x2 —3y? =1, ta tim diéu kién ota / dé PT t6n tai nghiém y #0, d6 la diéu kién ctta ¢). 2 E 2 Khi 66 pa Zt tt xe ham sé fee 2 +2t+3 +2043 ? 412 +36 ; trén R\[-V3:s3]: Tacé f(t) Reise f@=0e-87 #1214 36=001= 1-3, Bang bién thién => max (= £0)= tren R\[-V3iN3], Ma P=f() => max P=3 khi x- ct khéng cé gid tri nho nhat, Chon dap an C. Nhén xét. i a eee nén din dén d4p s6 khéng ding. Sau day 1a cdc ban phat hién ding sai 1am va cé loi giai ding: Hung Yén: Doan Phi Thanh, 11 Todn 1, THPT chuyén Hung ‘Yén, Thira Thién Hué: Neuyén Anh Tudn, 11 Toan 2, Pham Ba Hodng, 10 Toan 1, THPT chuyén Quéc hoc Hué. Binh Dinh: Vo Thi Anh Thu, 12A1, THPT so 1 Phi My, huyén Phi My. KIHIVI KHI NAO DIEN TICH LON NHAT ? Trong gid hoc Todn, Thay gido cho hoc sinh lam bai toan BAi toan. Trong mat phang toa d6 Oxy cho cde diém I(1; 3), M(2; 5), A(2; 2). Goi (C) la duong tron tam I ban kinh IM. Viét phuong trinh duong thang A di qua A va cat (©) tai P, Q sao cho AIPO ¢é dién tich lén nhat. Sau mét lic suy nghi, ban Phong xung phong lén bang. Iam, ldi giai cia ban Phong nhw sau: Ta 06: R= IM= V5 > JA=V2. Di€n tich AIPO 1a Ss =5IP1Qsin PID = 3k R.sin PIO =3sinFIO <>. S=5 ki sinPIQ=1 hay khi JP1JO, khi 46 APIO vudng can tai /. Goi H 1a trung diém ciia PQ thi IH = d(I,A) = Rsin45° = >. Vay dung thing A cin 2 Goi ear a(x-2)+d(y-2)=0 @ +P 40). =2} Tacé: d(I,A)= lads — 2) =~ va? +0? +0? 2 © 2(a—-b)? =5(a? +b?) © 3a? + dab +3b? = a? +b +2(a+b)=0: PT may vo nghiém, Vey khong cé dung thang nao A nao tha man bai toan. Theo ban, ban Phong lam cé ding Khon, néu khong li gidi cia ban thé nao? Ta Es See tim di qua A va cach diém J mét khoang bing & wads 4. (GV THP hae 2. TRAN HUU NAM For Lower Secondary School Nguyén Tam Son — Khai thac va phat trién bai __ toain dai s6 THCS. Phan Dinh Anh — Khai thac mot bai toan hinh hoc. ng dan giai dé thi chon hoc sinh gidi lp 9 nh Vinh Phiic, nam hoc 2017 - 2018. hi tuyén sinh vao l6p 10 THPT chuyen TP. Chf Minh, nam hoc 2018 - 2019. So aang in gi 93 :trudc ki thi 2019 - Dé s6 4. ma HOI DONG BIEN TAP Chi tich Hoi dong Thanh vien __ NXBGD Viet Nam NGUYEN DUC THAL . Téng Gidém doc NXBGD Viét Nam — HOANG LE BACH Phé Téng Gidm déc kiém Téng bien tap NXBGD Viet Nam PHAN XUAN THANH Thu ki Toa soan : ThS. HO QUANG VINH CHAU, TAS. NGUYEN ANH DUNG, 7S. TRAN NAM DUNG, TS. NGUYEN MINH DUC, TS. NGUYEN MINH HA, -MIET HAI, PGS. TS. LE_QUOC HAN, Ths. PHAM VAN HUNG, PGS. TS. yO THANH KHIET, k VAN MAU, Ong NGUYEN KHAC MINH, TS. PHAM THI BACH NGOC, PGS. TS. NGUYEN DANG PHAT, [S. TA DUY PHUONG, TiS. NGUYEN THE THACH, GS. TSKH. DANG HUNG THANG, PGS. TS. PHAN DOAN THOAL, Ths. VO KIM THUY, PGS. TS, VU DUONG THUY, GS. TSKH. NGO VIET TRUNG. TRONG SO NAY ® Giai bai ny truce Solutions to Previous Problems ® Tiéng Anh qua céc bai toan - Bai s641. Bai dich s6 39 - Tiéng Anh qua cdc bai ton. (29) Phuong phap giai toan Nguyén Cit Huy — Hé thang du day di va mot s6 bai ton vmg dung. @ Ban doc tim toi Lé Xudn Vinh — Téng quat hod bai toan giao diém cia mat phang véi céc dudng thang chita canh bén cua hinh chép tit gidc. @ Nhiéu cach gidi cho mot bai toan © Du lich thé gi6i qua céc bai toan hay @ Saitim saa? Nguyén Van Xé - Khi nao dién tich 1én nhat!thi tong 6 Vay 6 sé tron chinh [a 6 s6 trén, 3 - hi, K hu 6 hinh 1. T tinhe ia thiet c6 GIAI DAP: BO VUL T1ZOI9 CHAO NAM MOI 2019 Chao dén nim ie ) méi 2019, ban )» 2. B anu 46 ban Hogi oe sé lén nl y 6 sé tr han bi she om 340 7. vong ie ic 18 i 1goai 3)s6 ny nhién vao ba % n cua hink vanh khan cia mot bay 2% +d+h=20 hinh hoa (hink} + Trude hét ta xét trudng hgp khi so a eet trong yoneie la Ba a 8 ni ik (neu thé hi¢ ; quay 120° quanh tim cl , chiéu hode n} tron trung tam cing dng ho thi k chuyé chiéu kim don; h hoae dén e nén xét k Ia dt cho vige xét so 16n nha lah Gia sit s6 yong tr) aNHA XUAT BAN GIAO DUC clia cac tac gia: TRAN DUC HUYEN va NGUYEN oANG TRI TIN Sch day 236 trang, khé 17 x 24 cm, gia bia: 69.000dong __————_ theo dinh huéng tich hgp cae Chu dé 17: Toan dai m mon hoe, va phat trién nang luc Chit dé 18: Toan hinh cua hoc sinh ea B6 Gido dye va hop. Dao tao. ON DINK HUONGTICH HOP CHUONG a ‘VA PHATTRIEN wae wc vor AN ham gitp cho céc em hoc sinh c6 thé tu 6n luyén va ho tro quy Fhay C6 cé thém tai liéu 6n thi vao lép 10, Nha Xuat ban Giao duc Viét Nam to chite oie soan cuén Ngoai viéc luyén thi yao Iép 10, cuén sach nay cing d4p tmg yéu cau cho viée doi mi day - hoe, dap tmg yéu cau duge cae tiéu chi cua b6 sdch gido khoa mdi, h: Z Sach gdm 4 chuong: CHUONG ih N O BAN TUYED cinga atl dui theo ding huéng dan ma tran dé minh ho duc va Dao tao’ TES trong d6 mét sé dé gidi va cée dé con sinh sé ty lam. CHU Bao gdm 12 chu dé can ban cia chuong trinh todn lép 9 hién hanh: Moi cha dé déu cé phan tom tat ly thuyét, dé toén oe) huéng dan va dé todn tu giai rat tién cho cac em hoe sinh ty 6n tap va rén luyén. CHU! ING 2. y AN UD Chi dé 13: Nhimg bai toan tich hop lién m6n Ly - Héa - Sinh. Chit dé 14: Nhiing bai toan ti 1é phan tram trong tai chinh. Chi dé 15: Nhimg bai toan thye té do dac hinh hoc — Cae bai toan vé dia li. CHUONG 3. NHUNG CHU DE NANG CAO 5 Chi dé 16: Van dung m6 toan hoe dé giai quyét cdc v: thy t6. » 3 CHU cae ty CP Sach va Thiét bi gido duc Mié 231 Nguyén Van Cir, Quan 5, TP. Hé Chi Mii nh Cac Cong ty CP Sach va Thiét bj Tr on » Mua sach truc tuyén tat Www.sol