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Background Information
AR is a kindergarten student with a developmental delay. He is described as being
“silly” and out-going” by his teachers. He likes completing puzzles, looking at books,
listening to stories and participating in whole body movement. AR’s receptive and
expressive language skills continue to develop.
Educational History
Gathering information from school records was vital to getting a better understanding on
AR educational history. AR was evaluated towards the beginning of preschool by early
intervention and his mother due to concerns about his communication skills. Based on
formal testing (PLS-5 Spanish Edition) demonstrated extremely low receptive language
skills compared to children his age who have been exposed to Spanish and English.
He receives speech language (1x180 min/30 days), ESY (4x240 min/5 days) and social
skills by the special education teacher (5/30 min/ 5 days).
This is not applicable to AR due to his age he hasn’t taken any state or district
assessment
Behavioral Observations
It should be noted that depending on the type of day AR is having his behavior varies in
all areas and subjects of the day. Some days he is engaged and excited to learn and
other days he is shut off and does not want to participate. For example during a typical
Math lesson, AR exhibits disinterest and refusal behaviors, he chooses to go to the
break area instead of joining his assigned table to do work.
During our testing session AR was focused and eager to get his work done. He was
motivated by a sticker system that we had put in place prior to testing. Every time AR
completed a section he would gain a sticker to put on his chart and once he got to the
bottom he would get a surprise. Throughout the testing AR got antsy so we took a total
of three breaks. Each break lasted about 5 minutes each time.
This is not applicable to AR because he is no on any medications and does not have an
allergies or seizure management.
Assessment Procedures
The assessment was done through various forms such as reviewing school records,
conversations with AR teachers and observations of his behavior. The assessment was
done on a Friday morning between 10:45 to 12:05 there were a total of three breaks all
5 minutes long. AR was assessed using the TEA II achievement test. For each test
administered listed below, all materials were out and accessible to AR. For many of the
sections, an easel was set up and in plain view for both AR and the examiner could see.
Each section had a list of materials listed before the start of testing; they also had rules,
tasks and timing procedures. Each section also provided recording instructions, start
point, basal rule and discontinue rule. He was given enough time to think and respond.
Each section also providing specific instructions , it included what to say
Tests administered:
Reading:
Letter & word Recognition
Math:
Written Expression
Math Computation
Written Language:
Listening Comprehension
Oral Expression
Results from the test administered compare AR’s performance to those of peers of the
same age group and grade level. The types of scores are described below.
¨ Raw scores represent the number of correct answers which includes credit for ones that
weren’t administered items below the students basal.
¨ A percentile rank correspond to all standard scores subtest, composite, and comprehensive
achievements.
¨ A standard score correspond to subtest raw scores , standard scores can be derived from
nine composites: comprehensive achievement composite , reading, math, written language and
oral language.
¨ Confidence Intervals are the range of scores that is likely to include the student’s true scores
with a range of 85%, 90% or 95% confidence.
¨ A grade equivalent score is based off the subtest raw scores. They range form <4:6 to <19:0.
¨ Normal curve equivalents and stanines are composite stand scores.
TEA II Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement, Second Edition
Written Expression “ Kindergarten and pre-kindergarten children trace and copy letter
and white letters from dictation”.
Oral Expression “The student performs specific speaking tasks in the context of a
real-life scenario. Tasks assess pragmatics, syntax, semantics, and
grammar.”
(Kaufman & Kaufman, 2004, p.4).
Reading
Math
Written Language
Listening 8 79 >19
Comprehension
Oral Expression
Reading
Results from the TEA II Achievement test indicate that he has a good understanding of
his letters both uppercase and lower case. Which consistent with his IEP that states that
he is able to identify all upper case letters and lower case letters and letter sounds. He
struggled with two letter words. Based on the Error Analysis Booklet AR struggles with
short (o, I). He would benefit from instruction on CVC words.
Comprehension
Math
In the Math sections, AR performed relatively well. He was able to identify the smallest,
sequence of numbers as well as identify the different shapes. He did struggle with two
digit numbers and with telling time. Based on MA Curriculum Frameworks in Math
K.CC.A.2 he would benefit from counting forward beginning from a given number within
the known sequence (instead of having to begin at one) and K.CC.B.4.A When counting
objects, say the number names in the standard order, pairing each object with one and
only one number name and each number name with one and only one object.
Summary
AR is an enthusiastic kindergarten who struggles with expressive and communicative
skills. He has made significant progress towards his speech and language goals
addressed In his IEP. He follows a variety of simple one and two step directions given
an initial cue to gain his attention. He is working towards following simple and familiar
two step directions containing basic concepts. His ability to identify both basic and
curriculum vocabulary continues to improve. Which was soon during testing. He benefits
from multiple exposures to vocabulary and visual cues . He understands simple wh-
question type and is working on comprehension questions following story reads with
more independence and accuracy. Based on testing and reports from his teachers AR
is making great progress in all areas.
Recommendations