Bit Calculations

©2009 Baker Hughes Inc. All rights reserved Page 1 of 26 HCC/INTEQ Technology Journal
 Units:
Where: Pb = Bit Pressure Drop (lbs/in²) Bit Hydraulic Horsepower (hp)
MW = Mud Weight (ppg) Hydraulic HP by Bit Nozzles:
Q = Flow Rate (gpm) (Pb)(Q)
An = Total Nozzle Area (in²) HHPb 
(1714)
Vn = Nozzle Velocity (ft/sec)
HHPb = Horse Power at bit (hp) Hydraulic HP per sq. in. of Bit Diameter:
HSI = Horse Power per inch (hp/in²) (HHPb)(1.273)
HSI 
Db = Bit Diameter (in) (Db )2
Ab = Area of Bit (in²)
Ifb = Impact Force at bit (lbf) Impact of Jet Nozzles on Hole Bottom (lbf)
Vc = Cross Flow Velocity (ft/sec) Calculated From Velocity:
N = Number of Nozzels (Q)(MW)(Vn)
Es = Specific Energy (psi) Ifb 
µ = Coefficient of Friction
(1930)
ROP = Rate of Penetration (ft/hr) Calculated From Pressure Drop:
Ifb  0.0173Q Pb MW 
1/2
WOB = Weight on Bit (lbf)
T = Torque (ft-lbs)
Ah = Area of Hole (in²) Cross Flow Velocity under the Bit (ft/sec)
MSE = Mechanical Specific Energy (psi)  (108.5)(Q )(Vn) 
½

Cd = Nozzle discharge coefficient Vc   

 ( NDb ) 
Pressure Drop Across Bit (psi)
Calculated From Flow Rate, assumes Cd =1.0: Mechanical Specific Energy using  (psi)
2
(MW)(Q )  1 (13.33)(  )( RPM ) 
Pb  MSE  WOB  
(12,032)(An 2 )  Ab ( ROP )( Db) 
Calculated From Velocity:
Bit Aggressiveness/Coefficient of Friction
(MW)(Vn 2 )
Pb   36(T ) 
(1,239)  
 (WOB )( Db) 
Bit Nozzle Velocity (ft/sec)
Calculated From Flow Rate: Mechanical Specific Energy using Torque (psi)
(Q) 480(T)(RPM) 1.274(WOB)
Vn  (0.321) MSE  
(An) ROP(Db 2 ) (Db 2 )
Calculated From Pressure Drop:
1/2
Depth of Cut Calculation (in/Rev)
 (1,239)(Pb)  (ROP)
Vn    DOC 
 (MW)  (5)(RPM)
Total Bit Nozzle Area (in²) Bit Torque (ft-lbs)
Calculated From Bit Pressure μ(Db)(WOB)
Drop: T 
1/2 36
 (MW)(Q 2 ) 
An    Minimum Flow Rate for PDC Bits (gpm)
 (12031)(Pb)  GPM  12.72D b1.47
An    An1  An2  ...An X 

©2009 Baker Hughes Inc. All rights reserved Page 2 of 26 HCC/INTEQ Technology Journal
©2009 Baker Hughes Inc. All rights reserved Page 3 of 26 HCC/INTEQ Technology Journal
 Mud Hydraulics
Units:
Where: Pa = Annular Pressure Drop Annular Pressure Losses (psi)
(lbs/in²) 1.4327 x10 -7 (TVD)(MW)(Av)
Pp = Pipe Pressure Drop (lbs/in²) Pa 
Ph = Hydrostatic Pressure (lbs/in²) Dh  D p
TVD = Total Vertical Depth (ft)
Dh = Casing/Hole Inside Diameter (in) Drill Stem Bore Pressure Losses (psi)
Dp = Pipe Outside Diameter (in) 6.1 x 10 -5 (TVD)(MW)(Q1.86 )
Di = Pipe Inside Diameter (in) Pp 
Di4.86
Hydrostatic Pressure (psi)
Ph  (.052)(MW)(TVD) Plastic Viscosity (cp)
PV = Fann 600 – Fann 300
Pressure Gradient (psi/ft)
PG  (.052)(MW) Yield Point
YP = Fann 300 – PV
Equivalent Circulating Density (ppg)
Specific Gravity using MW ppg
ECD 
 Pa(psi)  MW MW
Sg 
(.052)(TVD ) 8.33

Annular Mud Velocity (ft/min) Capacity between Casing, Hole and Drill Pipe
(24.51)(Q) 2
Dh - Dp
2
1029.4
Av  Ac, ft/bbl 
(Dh2  Dp2 ) Ac, bbl/ft  Dh2  D p2
1029.4

Miscellaneous
Calculations

©2009 Baker Hughes Inc. All rights reserved Page 4 of 26 HCC/INTEQ Technology Journal
 Cost per foot Calculation ($/ft)
BBit Cost  R Rig cost/Hr (DDrilling Time  TTrip Time )
CPF 
FFootage
Maximum Drill Rate 14 ¾” hole and Larger (ft/hr)
67(MW out - MWin )(GPM)
MDR 
(Dh)2
Buoyancy Factor
MW
BF  1 
65.44
Stuck Pipe Point (ft)
(735,294)(Str)(Wpf)
OP
Str = Stretch (inches)
Wpf = Wt per ft drill pipe (RP7G)
OP = Overpull (lbs)
Actual WOB in Directional Wellbore (lbf)
WOB Actual  (WOB Available )Cos Inclinatio n
Horsepower of Pumps Mechanical
Horsepower
(Q)(P)(eff)
HP 
(1714)
(T)(RPM)
HP 
(5252)
Simulator Equations (psi)
(480)(RPM)(T)
(1.27)(WOB ) 
(ROP)
Es  2
(Db)
Temperature Conversion
(º C  9) ( oF - 32) x 5
ºF   32º o
C
5 9
BHA Length for WOB (ft)
 (WOB)(Sf) 
Length   
 (Wdc air )(BF) 
Sf = safety factor and
Wdcair = drill collar weight lbs/ft
 BHA Buckling Evaluation
Units Check portion of the string between stabilizers for
Fb = force at which BHA would buckle (lbs) buckling force.
Lp = distance between bit or stab and stab (in) (E)(I)
q = buoyed weight per inch immediately above Fb  (9.87)
Lp 2
stabilizer (lbs/in)
Bw = buoyed weight of entire assembly below the top Part 2:
stabilizer (lbs) Check the collars above the top stabilizer for buckling.
The force to buckle would be: Fu  Fe  Bw
Part 1:
Moment of Inertia for tube

Fe  (1.94) (E)(I)(q 2 )  0.333

  (.049)( D p4  Di4 If applied bit weight is above Fb or Fu then buckling

would be predicted to occur.

Breakeven Calculations
Breakeven ROP Breakeven Footage
 R cost/hr 
BE ROP    /FProjected Ftg
 CPFOffset - (R cost/hr x (TTrip time  Bcost )) 
R cost/hr TTrip time  Bcost 
BE footage 
CPFOffset - (R cost/hr / ROPProjected )

Directional Calculations
Units: BUR
Where: Inc = Inclination (degs) TFO  Cos 1
DLS
RC = Radius of Curvature (degs)
DLS = Dogleg Severity (degs/100’)
Build Up Rate (deg/100’) Diamond Bit
LStab = Length from bit to Stabilizer(ft)
LSensor= Length from Sensor to Bit (ft)  Inc 2  Inc1  Make-up Torque
VBUR  100  
ISurvey = Inclination at last Survey (degs)  MD
Bit API Reg Bit Sub Shank Rec. MU
CL = Course length between Surveys (ft)
 MD2OD 1 
OD
I = Inclination (degs) (in) (degs/100’)
Required Build up Rate Pin Conn. (in) Size Torque
A = Azimuth, direction (degs) (in) K ft-lb
 Sin
4 IncTarget 3 Current 
2 3/8 - Sin Inc 1.8-2.0
Build Up Rate (Degs/100’) VBUR Req  5730 4 1/2 
5730  TVDTarget - TVD 3 1/8 
Current 3 1/8 2.4-2.7
BUR  3 1/4 3.1-3.4
RC Actual Build Up Rate (degs/100’)
VBUR Actual  (Cos TFO)(DLS
4 5/8 2 7/8
total )
3 1/2 4 1/8 3.1-3.4
Change in Total Vertical Depth (ft) 4 3/4
ΔTVD  (RC)(Sin Inc 2 - Sin Inc1 ) Oriented Dogleg (degs/100’) 3 3/4 + 4.6-5.1

200 5Bit
5/8 Tilt 3 1/2 4 1/8 5.2-5.8
Change in Vertical Section (ft) DLSOriented  6 3/4
ΔVS  (RC)(Cos Inc1 - Cos Inc 2 ) L Stab 4 1/4 4 3/4 6.4-7.1
4 1/2+ 7.7-8.6
Change in Measured Depth (ft) Inclination at Bit (degs)
RC  Inc 2  Inc1 
7 3/8 7 4 1/2 5 1/2 5 3/4 12.5-13.7
5730
ΔMD  Inc Bit  (LSensor
7/8 )(I
Survey )
RC 5 3/4 16.5-18.1
57.3
Dog Leg Severity 8 3/8 9
(degs/100’) 6+ 6 3/4 17.6-19.4
Tool Face (degs)
9 5/8 6 5/8 7 1/2 8 37.1-40.8
12 1/4
7 3/4 + 38-41.8
14 3/4 7 5/8 8 1/2 9 3/4 48.3-53.1
17 1/2
8 3/4 57.7-63.5
9+ 11 1/2 60.0-66.0
   100
DLS  Cos 1   Cos I1 xCos I2    Sin I1 x Sin I2  x Cos  A2 - - A1  
CL
Radius of Curvature Method (ft)

CL Sin Inc 2  Sin Inc1 

RC 
 Inc 2 - Inc1 
 Bit Aggressiveness/Coefficient of
Friction - μ
(Before using with INTEQ's Advantage engineering software (ver 2.1U3)
to calculate bit torque, divide these values by 3")
Formation Very Soft Soft Medium Hard
(UCS) < 5,000 psi < 10,000 psi < 15,000 psi < 25,000 psi
Steel Tooth 0.2-0.28 0.14-0.20 0.06-0.20 0.20-0.25
TCI
Soft 0.19-0.23 0.19-0.23 0.12-0.18 0.20-0.25
Meduim 0.21-0.23 0.15-0.20 0.10-0.16 0.13-0.15
Hard 0.17-0.20 0.06-0.11 0.10-0.13 0.08-0.11
PDC
3-4 Blade 1.2-2.2 0.9-1.5 0.5-0.77
5-7 Blade 1.0-1.5 0.9-1.1 0.8-1.0 0.65-0.71
> 8 Blade 0.28-0.58 0.55-0.8 0.37-0.54
TSP 0.4-0.6 0.37-0.48 0.3-0.58 0.28-0.33
Natural Dia 0.5-0.6 0.38-0.46 0.37-0.49 0.34-0.40
Impreg 0.12-0.3 0.27-0.5 0.28-0.4

Recommended Make-up Torque for HCC PDC Bits

with INTEQ High Strength Drive Sub
Box OD Connection Make Up Torque (ft-lbs)
Connection
(in) Disposition Min Max
2-3/8 REG 3 Box Weak 2743 3018
3.125 Pin Weak 3100 3410
2-7/8 REG 3.5+ Pin Weak 4613 5074
3-1/2 REG 4.125+ Pin Weak 7611 8373
4-1/2 REG 5.5 Box Weak 19065 20971
5.75+ Pin Weak 20325 22358
6-5/8 REG 7.5+ Pin Weak 42671 46938
7-5/8 REG 8.5+ Pin Weak 70864 77951

Regular Recommended Make-up Torque for HCC PDC Bits

Box OD Connection Make Up Torque (ft-lbs)
Connection
(in) Disposition Min Max
1-1/2 REG 2.063 Box Weak 863 949
2-3/8 REG 3.000 Box Weak 1793 1972
3.125 Box Weak 2422 2664
2-7/8 REG 3.500 Box Weak 3071 3378
3.750 Pin Weak 4613 5074
3-1/2 REG 4.125 Box Weak 5173 5690
4.250 Box Weak 6309 6939
4.500 Pin Weak 7611 8373
4-1/2 REG 5.500 Box Weak 12461 13707
5.750 Box Weak 16488 18136
6.000 Pin Weak 20325 22358
6-5/8 REG 7.500 Box Weak 37119 40831
7-5/8 REG 8.500 Box Weak 48321 53153
8.750 Box Weak 57735 63509
9.000 Box Weak 67554 74309
 Nozzle Total Flow Area (TFA) - Square Inches

Nozzle Size Number of Nozzles

(in.) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

7/32 0.038 0.075 0.113 0.15 0.188 0.226 0.263 0.301 0.338
8/32 0.049 0.098 0.147 0.196 0.245 0.295 0.344 0.393 0.442
9/32 0.062 0.124 0.186 0.249 0.311 0.373 0.435 0.497 0.559
10/32 0.077 0.153 0.23 0.307 0.384 0.46 0.537 0.614 0.69
11/32 0.093 0.186 0.278 0.371 0.464 0.557 0.65 0.743 0.835
12/32 0.11 0.221 0.331 0.442 0.552 0.663 0.773 0.884 0.994
13/32 0.13 0.259 0.389 0.519 0.648 0.778 0.907 1.037 1.167
14/32 0.15 0.301 0.451 0.601 0.752 0.902 1.052 1.203 1.353
15/32 0.173 0.345 0.518 0.69 0.863 1.036 1.208 1.381 1.553
16/32 0.196 0.393 0.589 0.786 0.982 1.178 1.375 1.571 1.767
17/32 0.222 0.443 0.665 0.887 1.108 1.33 1.552 1.774 1.995
18/32 0.249 0.497 0.746 0.994 1.243 1.491 1.74 1.988 2.237
19/32 0.277 0.554 0.831 1.108 1.385 1.662 1.938 2.215 2.492
20/32 0.307 0.614 0.921 1.227 1.534 1.841 2.148 2.455 2.762
21/32 0.338 0.677 1.015 1.353 1.691 2.03 2.368 2.706 3.045
22/32 0.371 0.743 1.114 1.485 1.856 2.228 2.599 2.97 3.341
23/32 0.406 0.812 1.217 1.623 2.029 2.435 2.841 3.246 3.652
24/32 0.442 0.884 1.326 1.767 2.209 2.651 3.093 3.535 3.977
28/32 0.601 1.203 1.804 2.405 3.007 3.608 4.209 4.81 5.412

DBA (Drill Bit Advisor) data requirements

Lithology – Mud logger’s cuttings analysis and Client’s or Engineer’s foot-based Rock Bit
wireline interpreted lithology;
Wireline - GR, DTc, DTs, RHOB, Neutron porosity, Resistivity and P.E.;
Make-up Torque
Operating Parameters - Actual or planned Bit RPM and WOB;
Hole Sections - Depths and hole sizes;
BHAs - Generic description (Rotary Packed, Rotary Steerable etc.); Shank Rec. MU
Bit Runs - Actual or planned runs and bit class types (TCI/ST, PDC or Impreg); Size Torque
Mud Type - Generic description (OBM, Water Based, w/ balling inhibitors etc.); (inches) (1000 ft-lb)
General Info – Operator, Well Name and Version (Pre-Drill or Post Well Analysis) 2 3/8 3.0-3.5
Estimated ROPs – MW, Pp and WOB. Note: useful, but non-essential data in
2 7/8 4.5-5.5
italics.
3 1/2 7.0-9.0
4 1/2 12-16
6 5/8 28-32
7 5/8 34-40
8 5/8 40-60
 Rock Hardness Estimated From Sonic Logs
Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) vs. Acoustic Transit Time

INTEQ Modular Connection Make-up Torque

INTEQ MWD Flow Rates (gpm) Tool Size Connection type Ft-Lbs Nm
6 3/4 7¾, 8¼, 9½ NC38 (Mod.)
Collar Tool Range Max Range Max 4 3/4 3.1/2" IF (Mod.) 8,300 11,300
Low 200-350 385 250-500 550 T2 10,300 14,000
Std 250-500 550 400-950 1045 NC46 (Mod.)
6 3/4 4" IF (Mod.) 23,500 31,900
High 400-800 880 600-1200 1320
T2 29,500 40,000
Super High 800-1600 1760
6.5/8" R (Mod.) 38,500 52,200
8 1/4
T2 44,000 59,700
9 1/2 T2 66,400 90,000
 INTEQ Drilling Motor Specification
Operating Maximum
Power Flow Bit Speed to No Load Diff. Power Diff.
Tool Lobe Section Rate Speed flow Ratio Pressure Pressure Torque Output Pressure Torque
Size Tool Type Config Constrctn gal/min rpm rpm/gal psi psi ft-lbs hp psi ft-lbs
2-3/8" XTR 5/6 precontoured 25-80 145-435 5.44 85 725 290 24 905 365
2-7/8" UTR AD 5/6 conventional 25-120 40-185 1.54 160 290 360 13 460 580
UTR HS 2/3 conventional 53-106 415-830 7.83 160 1305 345 52 2090 550
XTR 5/6 precontoured 25-120 110-490 4.08 116 1160 625 58 1450 780
3-1/8" UTR AD 5/6 conventional 80-160 65-125 0.78 190 290 710 17 460 1135
UTR X 5/6 conventional 80-160 180-365 2.28 145 460 380 27 740 610
UTR XL 5/6 conventional 80-160 180-365 2.28 290 870 720 50 1390 1150
3-1/2" UXT IR 5/6 precontoured 80-180 90-200 1.11 145 220 440 17 350 700
UTR XL/LS 5/6 conventional 80-180 90-200 1.11 290 580 1000 38 930 1650
UTR HS 1/2 conventional 80-160 520-1040 6.5 290 1000 360 71 1600 575
XTR 5/6 precontoured 80-180 160-360 2 305 1525 1710 117 2030 2280
XTR HS 1/2 precontoured 60-180 400-1,185 6.58 290 1525 570 129 2030 765
XTR LS 5/6 precontoured 80-180 90-200 1.11 160 580 1165 44 725 1455
3-3/4" UTR XL 5/6 conventional 80- 210 150-410 1.95 318 1600 1620 126 2550 2590
4-3/4" UTR AD 5/6 conventional 160-315 55-110 0.35 190 290 1620 34 460 2590
UTR X 5/6 conventional 105-315 110-325 1.03 175 725 1360 84 1160 2180
UTR XL 5/6 conventional 105-315 110-325 1.03 305 1380 2600 161 2200 4165
UTR XL/RS 5/6 conventional 105-315 50-155 0.49 305 655 2600 76 1050 4150
UTR XL/LS 5/6 conventional 105-315 25-84 0.27 305 365 2650 42 580 4250
UTR HS 2/3 conventional 80-265 180-600 2.26 190 1600 1440 165 2550 2300
UTR TS 1/2 conventional 130-315 525-1250 3.97 200 1500 895 215 2450 1450
UXT 5/6 precontoured 105-315 110-325 1.03 174 1450 3135 194 1810 3920
UXT LS 5/6 precontoured 105-315 50-155 0.49 174 725 3300 97 905 4120
UXT IR 5/6 precontoured 105-315 110-325 1.03 145 325 705 44 435 940
XTR 5/6 precontoured 105-315 110-325 1.03 305 2030 4470 276 2755 5960
XTR HS 1/2 precontoured 130-315 480-1,150 3.65 205 2065 1400 307 2755 1865

©2009 Baker Hughes Inc. All rights reserved Page 12 of 26 HCC/INTEQ Technology Journal
 Operating Maximum
Power Flow Bit Speed to No Load Diff. Power Diff.
Tool Lobe Section Rate Speed flow Ratio Pressure Pressure Torque Output Pressure Torque
Size Tool Type Config Constrctn gal/min rpm rpm/gal psi psi ft-lbs hp psi ft-lbs
6-1/2" UTR X 5/6 conventional 265-660 90-220 0.33 220 460 2690 113 740 4300
UTR XL 5/6 conventional 265-660 90-220 0.33 350 870 5050 212 1390 8080
UTR XL/LS 5/6 conventional 330-660 52-105 0.16 350 435 5300 105 695 8500
UTR HS 2/3 conventional 265-530 235-470 0.89 205 1160 2690 240 1856 4300
UXT 5/6 precontoured 265-660 90-220 0.33 220 870 5780 242 1090 7225
UXT LS 5/6 precontoured 265-660 55-135 0.2 220 580 6230 160 725 7790
6-3/4" UTR AD 7/8 conventional 345-610 50-95 0.16 220 290 3350 60 465 5400
UTR X 5/6 conventional 265-660 90-220 0.33 220 460 2690 113 740 4300
UTR XL 5/6 conventional 265-660 90-220 0.33 350 870 5050 212 1390 8080
UTR XL/LS 5/6 conventional 330-660 52-105 0.16 350 435 5300 105 695 8500
UTR HS 2/3 conventional 265-530 235-470 0.89 205 1160 2690 240 1856 4300
UXT 5/6 precontoured 265-660 90-220 0.33 220 870 5780 242 1090 7225
UXT LS 5/6 precontoured 265-660 55-135 0.2 220 580 6230 160 725 7790
XTR 5/6 precontoured 265-660 90-220 0.33 348 1305 8670 363 1740 11560
XTR LS 5/6 precontoured 265-660 55-135 0.2 350 870 9350 240 1150 12500
XTR HS 1/2 precontoured 265-530 450-900 1.7 174 1960 2880 493 2610 3845
8" UTR AD 7/8 conventional 530-900 50-80 0.09 220 290 5750 87 465 9200
UTR XL 5/6 conventional 395-900 85-195 0.22 305 870 7670 285 1390 12270
XTR 5/6 precontoured 395-900 85-195 0.22 220 1160 11730 435 1450 14660
9-1/2" UTR AD 7/8 conventional 660-1110 40-70 0.06 190 290 8500 113 465 13500
UTR XL 5/6 conventional 530-1060 85-165 0.16 260 870 10770 338 1390 17230
XTR 5/6 precontoured 530-1160 80-185 0.16 220 1160 16450 575 1450 20565
XTR LS 5/6 precontoured 530-1160 40-90 0.08 220 580 16450 280 725 20600
XTR HS 1/2 precontoured 395-1055 365-975 0.92 220 2065 5530 1025 2755 7375
11-1/4" UTR X 9/10 conventional 790-1270 70-110 0.09 230 725 17700 370 1160 28320
12-3/4" UTR X 9/10 conventional 790-1270 70-110 0.09 230 725 17700 370 1160 28320
XTR 5/6 precontoured 790-1740 70-150 0.09 290 1160 29650 845 1450 37050
XTR RF 5/6 precontoured 630-1250 80-160 0.13 365 1200 21000 650 1500 26500

©2009 Baker Hughes Inc. All rights reserved Page 13 of 26 HCC/INTEQ Technology Journal
 Flow Rate Rages (GPM) for AutoTrak G 3.0 RCLS and OnTrak MWD System

Tool Size: 4 3/4"

OnTrak MWD Steering 6 3/4" 8 1/4" 9 1/2"
Only Unit
Extreme low flow 200 - 325 300 - 495 300 - 500
Low flow 125 - 187 125 - 220 265 - 450 395 - 675 430 - 755
Medium flow 330 - 570
Normal flow 161 - 251 375 - 660 525 - 900 605 - 1,090
Medium High flow 635 - 1,130 805 - 1,480
High flow 216 - 350 200 - 350 500 - 900 720 - 1,290 865 - 1,600

Rotary Shouldered Connection

Interchange List
Common Name
Interchanges with
Style Size
Internal Flush (IF) 2-⅜" 2-⅞" SH NC26
2-⅞" 3-½" SH NC31
3-½" 4-½" SH NC38
4" 4-½" XH NC46
4-½" 5" XH NC50
Full Hole (FH) 4" 4-½" DS NC40
Extra Hole (XH or EH) 2-⅞" 3-½" DS
3-½" 4" SH 4-½" EF
4-½" 4" IF NC46
5" 4-½" IF NC50
Slim Hole (SH) 2-⅞" 2-⅜" IF NC26
3-½" 2-⅞" IF NC31
4" 3-½" XH 4-½" EF
4-½" 3-½: IF NC38
Double Streamline (DS) 3-½" 2-⅞" XH
4-½" 4" FH
5-½" 4-½" IF 5" XH, NC50
Numbered Connection (NC) 26 2-⅜" IF 2-⅞" SH
31 2-⅞" IF 3-½" SH
38 3-½" IF 4-½" SH
40 4" FH 4-½" DS
46 4" IF 4-½" XH
50 4-½" IF 5" XH
External Flush (EF) 4-½" 4" SH 3-½" XH

©2009 Baker Hughes Inc. All rights reserved Page 14 of 26 HCC/INTEQ Technology Journal
 Buoyancy Factors
Mud Wt. Buoyancy Mud Wt. Buoyancy Mud Wt. Buoyancy
ppg Factor ppg Factor ppg Factor
8.4 0.872 13 0.801 17.6 0.731
8.6 0.869 13.2 0.798 17.8 0.728
8.8 0.866 13.4 0.795 18 0.725
9 0.862 13.6 0.792 18.2 0.723
9.2 0.859 13.8 0.789 18.4 0.72
9.4 0.856 14 0.786 18.5 0.717
9.6 0.853 14.2 0.783 18.8 0.714
9.8 0.85 14.4 0.78 19 0.711
10 0.847 14.6 0.777 19.2 0.708
10.2 0.844 14.8 0.774 19.4 0.705
10.4 0.841 15 0.771 19.5 0.702
10.6 0.838 15.2 0.768 19.8 0.698
10.8 0.835 15.4 0.765 20 0.694
11 0.832 15.6 0.762 20.2 0.691
11.2 0.829 15.8 0.759 20.4 0.688
11.4 0.826 16 0.756 20.6 0.685
11.6 0.823 16.2 0.752 20.8 0.682
11.8 0.82 16.4 0.749 21 0.679
12 0.817 16.6 0.746 22 0.664
12.2 0.814 16.8 0.743 23 0.649
12.4 0.811 17 0.74 24 0.633
12.6 0.807 17.2 0.737
12.8 0.804 17.4 0.734

HWDP Specifications
Hevi-Wate
Nom. Approx Wall Center Upset Tool Joint Data
size wt/ft ID Thick. OD Length ID OD Length
in lbs in in in in Type in in in
3 1/2 26.7 2 1/4 0.625 4 3/4 24 NC38 2 1/4 4 3/4 28/22
4 1/2 45 2 3/4 0.875 6 1/4 24 NC46 2 3/4 6 1/4 28/22
5 53.7 3 1 6 1/2 24 NC50 3 6 1/2 28/22
6 5/8 76.3 4 1/2 1.063 8 24 6 5/8 FH 3 1/2 8 28/22
Spiral-Wate
3 1/2 26.7 2 1/4 0.625 4 21 3/4 NC38 2 5/16 4 3/4 27/24
4 32.7 2 9/16 0.719 4 1/2 21 3/4 NC40 2 11/16 5 1/4 27/24
4 1/2 42.6 2 3/4 0.875 5 21 3/4 NC46 2 7/8 6 1/4 27/24
5 53.6 3 1 5 1/2 21 3/4 NC50 3 1/8 6 1/2 27/24
5 1/2 50.7 4 0.75 6 21 3/4 5 1/2 FH 4 7 1/4 27/24
6 5/8 57 5 0.813 7 1/8 21 3/4 6 5/8 FH 5 8 27/24

©2009 Baker Hughes Inc. All rights reserved Page 15 of 26 HCC/INTEQ Technology Journal
 Drill Pipe Data
Internal Upset
Pipe ID ID
Size OD Wt. Pipe Upset API Casing Data
(in) (in) (lb) (in) (in) Discontinued API Casing
2.375 4.8 2 1.437 Casing Specifications ID Clearance
2 3/8 2.375 6.65 1.815 1.125 Coupling W t. with Bit
2.875 6.45 2.469 1.875 Csg. OD OD Coupling Csg. ID Size 1000ths Fract.
2 7/8 2.875 8.35 2.323 1.625 (in) (in) (lb/ft) (in) (in) (in) (in)
2.875 10.4 2.151 1.187 4 1/4 5.364 16 4.082 3 7/8 0.207 13/64

3.5 8.5 3.063 2.437 5 1/2 6.155 15 4.974 4 3/4 0.224 7/32

3.5 11.2 2.9 2.125 14 5.29 4 3/4 0.54 35/64

17 5.19 4 3/4 0.44 1-7/16
3.5 13.3 2.764 1.875 5 3/4 6.42
19.5 5.09 7 3/4 0.34 11/32
3 1/2 3.5 15.5 2.602 1.75
22.5 4.99 4 3/4 0.24 15/64
4 14 3.34 2.375 6 6.625 16 5.5 4 3/4 0.75 3/34
4 4 15.7 3.24 2.25 26 5.855 4 3/4 1.105 1-7/64
6 5/8 7.39
4.5 12.75 4 3.25 29 5.761 4 3/4 1.011 1-1/16
4.5 13.75 3.958 3.156 22 6.398 6 1/4 0.148 9/64
4.5 16.6 3.826 2.812 7 7.656
24 6.336 6 1/8 0.211 7/32
4.5 18.1 3.754 2.687 28 6.214 6 0.214 7/32
30 6.154 6 0.154 5/32
4 1/2 4.5 20 3.64 2.812
28 7.485 6 3/4 0.735 47/64
5 5 19.5 4.276 3.781
32 7.385 6 3/4 0.635 41/64
5.5 21.9 4.778 3.812 8 1/8 9.25
35 7.285 6 3/4 0.535 17/32
5 1/2 5.5 24.7 4.67 3.5 39.5 7.185 6 3/4 0.435 7/16
5.563 19 4.975 4.125 38 7.775 6 3/4 1.025 1-1/2
8 5/8 9.625
5.563 22.2 4.859 3.812 43 7.651 6 3/4 0.901 29/32
5 9/16 5.563 25.25 4.733 3.5 34 8.29 7 7/8 0.415 27/64
6.625 22.2 6.065 5.187 38 8.196 7 7/8 0.321 21/64
9 10.01 40 8.15 7 7/8 0.275 9/32
6.625 25.2 5.965 5
45 8.032 7 7/8 0.157 5/32
6 5/8 6.625 31.9 5.761 4.625
55 7.812 6 3/4 1.062 1-1/16
7 5/8 7.625 29.25 6.969 6
13 3/8 14.375 83 12.175 12 0.175 11/64
8 5/8 8.625 40 7.825 6.625
78 17.855 17 1/2 0.355 23/64
External Upset 18 5/8 19.75 87.5 17.755 17 1/2 0.255 1/4
2 3/8 2.375 6.25 1.815 2.656 96.5 17.655 17 1/2 0.155 5/32
2 7/8 2.875 10.4 2.151 3.219 20 21 90 16.166 17 1/2 1.666 1-43/64
3.5 13.3 2.764 3.824 92.5 20.71 20 0.71 45/64
3.5 15.5 2.602 3.824 21 1/2 22.625 103 20.61 20 0.61 39/64
3 1/2
114 20.51 20 0.51 33/64
4 14 3.34 4.5
88 23.85 20 3.85 3-27/32
4 4 15.7 3.24 4.5
24 1/2 25.625 100.5 23.75 20 3.75 3-34
4.5 16.6 3.826 5
113 23.65 20 3.65 3-21/32
4 1/2 4.5 20 3.64 5
5.563 22.2 4.859 6.063
5 9/16 5.563 25.25 4.733 6.063
6 5/8 6.625 25.2 5.965 7.125

©2009 Baker Hughes Inc. All rights reserved Page 16 of 26 HCC/INTEQ Technology Journal
 API Casing Data API Casing Data
Casing Specifications ID Clearance Casing Specifications ID Clearance
Coupling Wt. with Coupling Wt. with
Csg. OD OD Coupling Csg. ID Bit 1000ths Fract. Csg. OD OD Coupling Csg. ID Bit 1000ths Fract.
(in) (in) (lb/ft) (in) Size (in) (in) (in) (in) (in) (lb/ft) (in) Size (in) (in) (in)
9.5 4.09 3 7/8 0.215 7/32 24 8.097 7 7/8 0.222 7/32
4 1/2 5 11.6 4 3 7/8 0.125 1/8 28 8.017 7 7/8 0.142 9/64
13.5 3.92 3 3/4 0.17 11/64 32 7.921 7 7/8 0.046 3/64
11.5 4.56 4 1/4 0.31 5/16 8 5/8 9.625 36 7.825 6 1.074 15/64
13 4.494 4 1/4 0.144 1/4 40 7.725 6 3/4 0.975 1/32
5 5.563
15 4.408 4 1/4 0.158 5/32 44 7.625 6 3/4 0.875 7/8
18 4.276 4 1/8 0.151 5/32 49 7.511 6 3/4 0.761 49/64
13 5.044 4 3/4 0.294 16/64 29.3 9.063 8 3/4 0.313 5/16
14 5.012 4 3/4 0.262 17/64 32.3 9.001 8 3/4 0.251 1/4
15.5 4.95 4 3/4 0.2 13/64 36 8.921 8 3/4 0.171 11/64
5 1/2 6.05
17 4.892 4 3/4 0.142 9/64 9 5/8 10.625 40 8.835 8 5/8 0.21 13/64
20 4.778 4 5/8 0.153 5/32 43.5 8.755 8 5/8 0.13 1/8
23 4.67 4 1/2 0.17 11/64 47 8.681 8 1/2 0.181 3/16
15 5.524 4 3/4 0.774 25/32 53.5 8.535 6 3/4 0.16 5/32
18 5.424 4 3/4 0.674 43/64 32.75 10.192 9 7/8 0.317 5/16
6 6.625
20 5.352 4 3/4 0.602 39/64 40.5 10.05 9 7/8 0.175 1/64
23 5.24 4 3/4 0.49 13/64 45.5 9.95 9 7/8 0.075 5/64
17 6.135 6 0.135 9/64 10 3/4 11.75 51 9.85 9 5/8 0.225 7/32
20 6.049 5 7/8 0.174 11/64 55.5 9.76 9 5/8 0.135 9/64
6 5/8 7.39 24 5.921 4 3/4 1.171 11/64 60.7 9.66 9 1/2 0.16 5/32
28 5.791 4 3/4 1.041 13/64 65.37 9.56 9 1/2 0.06 1/16
32 5.675 4 3/4 0.925 59/64 38 11.15 11 0.15 5/32
17 6.538 6 1/4 0.288 9/32 42 11.084 11 0.084 5/64
20 6.456 6 1/4 0.206 13/64 11 3/4 12.75 47 11 10 5/8 0.375 3/8
23 6.366 6 1/4 0.116 13/64 54 10.888 10 5/8 0.255 1/4
26 6.276 6 1/8 0.151 5/32 60 10.772 10 5/8 0.147 9/64
7 7.656 29 6.184 6 0.184 3/16 48 12.715 12 1/4 0.465 15/32

32 6.094 6 0.094 3/32 54.5 12.615 12 1/4 0.365 23/64

35 6.004 5 7/8 0.129 1/8 13 3/8 14.375
61 12.515 12 1/4 0.265 17/64
38 5.92 5 7/8 0.045 3/64 68 12.415 12 1/4 0.165 11/64
20 7.125 6 3/4 0.375 3/8 72 12.347 12 0.347 11/32
24 7.025 6 3/4 0.275 9/32 55 15.375 15 0.375 3/8
26.4 6.969 6 3/4 0.219 7/32 65 15.25 15 0.25 1/4
7 5/8 8.5 16 17
29.7 6.875 6 3/4 0.125 1/8 75 15.125 14 3/4 0.375 3/8
33.7 6.765 6 5/8 0.14 9/64 84 15.01 14 3/4 0.26 17/64
39 6.625 6 1/4 0.375 3/8 20 21 94 19.124 17 1/2 1.624 1-5/8

©2009 Baker Hughes Inc. All rights reserved Page 17 of 26 HCC/INTEQ Technology Journal
 IADC Dull Bit Grading System
Cutting Structure Bearings/ Other Dull Reason
Inner Outer Dull Char. Location Seals Gage Char. Pulled
I O D L B G O R

I - INNER CUTTING STRUCTURE (All inner rows) L - LOCATION

O - OUTER CUTTING STRUCTURE (Gage row only) Roller Cone Fixed Cutter
N - Nose Row Cone # A - All Areas
STEEL TOOTH BITS M - Middle Row 1 C - Cone
A measure of lost tooth height due to abrasion and/or damage. G - Gage Row 2 G - Gage
O - No loss of tooth height A - All Rows 3 N - Nose
8 - Total loss of tooth height S - Shoulder
T - Taper
INSERT BITS
A measure of total cutting structure reduction due to lost, worn
and/or broken inserts.
O - No lost, worn and/or broken inserts
8 - All inserts lost, worn and/or broken B - BEARING SEALS
Non-Sealed Sealed
A linear scale estimating E- Seals Effective
FIXED CUTTER BITS bearing life used. (0 – No F - Seals Failed
A measure of lost, worn and/or broken cutting structure. life used, 8 – All life used, N- Not Able to Grade
O - No lost, worn and/or broken cutting structure ie. No bearing life X- Fixed Cutter Bit
8 - All of cutting structure lost, worn and/or broken remaining.) (bearingless)

G - GAGE
I - in gage
1/16 - 1/16” out of gage
2/16 - 1/8” out of gage
4/16 - ¼” out of gage

O - OTHER DULL CHARACTERISTIC

Refer to column 3 codes

D - DULL CHARACTERISTICS (Use only cutting structure related R - REASON PULLED OR RUN TERMINATED
codes)
*BC - Broken Cone LT - Lost Teeth/Cutters BHA - Change Bottom Hole LIH -
Left in Hole
BF - Bond Failure NO - No Dull Characteristic Assembly LOG -
Run Logs
BT - Broken Teeth/Cutters OC - Off-Center Wear CM - Condition Mud PP -
Pump Pressure
BU - Balled Up Bit PB - Pinched Bit CP - Core Point RIG -
Rig Repair
*CC - Cracked Cone PN - Plugged Nozzle DMF - Downhole Motor TD -
Ttl Depth /
*CD - Cone Dragged /Flow Passage Failure Casing Depth
CI - Cone Interference RG - Rounded Gage DP - Drill Plug TQ - Torque
CR - Cored RO - Ring Out DSF - Downhole Tool TW - Twist Off
CT - Chipped Teeth/Cutters SD - Shirttail Damage Failure WC - Weather Conditions
ER - Erosion SS - Self-Sharpening Wear FM - Formation Change
FC - Flat Crested Wear TR - Tracking HP - Hole Problems
HC - Heat Checking WO - Washed Out Bit HR - Hours on Bit
JD - Junk Damage WT - Worn Teeth/Cutters
*LC - Lost Cone
LN - Lost Nozzle
*Show cone# or #’s under location 4.

©2009 Baker Hughes Inc. All rights reserved Page 18 of 26 HCC/INTEQ Technology Journal
 Drill Collar Weight
              lb/ft            
Collar Collar Bore
OD (in) 

(in) 1 1-1/4 1-1/2 1-3/4 2 2-1/4 2-1/2 2-13/16 3 3-1/4 3-1/2 3-3/4 4

2-7/8 19 18 16                    

3 21 20 18                    

3-1/8 22 22 20                    

3-1/4 26 24 22                    

3-1/2 30 29 27                    

3-3/4 35 33 32                    

4 40 39 37 35 32 29              

4-1/8 43 41 39 37 35 32              

4-1/4 46 44 42 40 38 35              

4-1/2 51 50 48 46 43 41              

4-3/4     54 52 50 47 44            

5     61 59 56 53 50            

5-1/4     68 65 63 60 57            

5-1/2     75 73 70 67 64 60          

5-3/4     82 80 78 75 72 67 64 60      

6     90 88 85 83 79 75 72 68      

6-1/4     98 96 94 91 88 83 80 76 72    

6-1/2     107 105 102 99 96 91 89 85 80    

6-3/4     116 114 111 108 105 100 98 93 89    

7     125 123 120 117 114 110 107 103 98 93 84

7-1/4     134 132 130 127 124 119 116 112 108 103 93

7-1/2     144 142 139 137 133 129 126 122 117 113 102

7-3/4     154 152 150 147 144 139 136 132 128 123 112

8     165 163 160 157 154 150 147 143 138 133 122

8-1/4     176 174 171 168 165 160 158 154 149 144 133

8-1/2     187 185 182 179 176 172 169 165 160 155 150

9     210 208 206 203 200 195 192 188 184 179 174

9-1/2     234 232 230 227 224 220 216 212 209 206 198

9-3/4     248 245 243 240 237 232 229 225 221 216 211

10     261 259 257 254 251 246 243 239 235 230 225

11     317 315 313 310 307 302 299 295 291 286 281

12     379 377 374 371 368 364 361 357 352 347 342

©2009 Baker Hughes Inc. All rights reserved Page 19 of 26 HCC/INTEQ Technology Journal
 Drilling Fluid Densities
Mud Mud SG Grad.   Mud Mud SG Grad. Mud Mud SG Grad.   Mud Mud SG Grad.
Wt. Wt.   psi/100' Wt. Wt.   psi/100' Wt. Wt.   psi/100' Wt. Wt.   psi/100'
ppg lbs/ft3 kg/l depth ppg lbs/ft3 kg/l depth ppg lbs/ft3 kg/l depth ppg lbs/ft3 kg/l depth
          11.0 82.3 1.32 57.1 14.0 104.7 1.68 72.7   17.0 127.2 2.04 88.3
          11.1 83.0 1.33 57.6 14.1 104.5 1.69 73.2   17.1 127.9 2.05 88.8
8.2 62.1 0.99 43.1   11.2 83.8 1.34 58.1 14.2 106.2 1.70 73.7   17.2 128.7 2.06 89.3
8.3 62.4 1.00 43.3   11.3 84.5 1.36 58.7 14.3 107.0 1.72 74.2   17.3 129.4 2.08 89.8
8.4 62.8 1.01 43.6   11.4 85.3 1.37 59.2 14.4 107.7 1.73 74.8   17.4 130.2 2.09 90.3
8.5 63.6 1.02 44.1   11.5 86.0 1.38 59.7 14.5 108.5 1.74 75.3   17.5 130.9 2.10 90.8
8.6 64.3 1.03 44.7   11.6 86.8 1.39 60.2 14.6 109.2 1.75 75.8   17.6 131.7 2.11 91.4
8.7 65.1 1.04 45.2   11.7 87.5 1.40 60.7 14.7 110.0 1.76 76.3   17.7 132.4 2.12 91.9
8.8 65.8 1.06 45.7   11.8 88.3 1.42 61.3 14.8 110.7 1.78 76.8   17.8 133.1 2.14 92.4
8.9 66.6 1.07 46.2   11.9 89.0 1.43 61.8 14.9 111.5 1.79 77.4   17.9 133.9 2.15 92.9
9.0 67.3 1.08 46.7   12.0 89.8 1.44 62.3 15.0 112.2 1.80 77.9   18.0 134.6 2.16 93.4
9.1 68.1 1.09 47.2   12.1 90.5 1.45 62.8 15.1 113.0 1.81 78.4   18.1 135.4 2.17 94.0
9.2 68.8 1.10 47.8   12.2 91.3 1.46 63.3 15.2 113.7 1.82 78.9   18.2 136.1 2.18 94.5
9.3 69.6 1.12 48.3   12.3 92.0 1.48 63.9 15.3 114.4 1.84 79.4   18.3 136.9 2.20 95.0
9.4 70.3 1.13 48.8   12.4 92.8 1.49 64.4 15.4 115.2 1.85 79.9   18.4 137.6 2.21 95.5
9.5 71.1 1.14 49.3   12.5 93.5 1.50 64.9 15.5 115.9 1.86 80.5   18.5 138.4 2.22 96.0
9.6 71.8 1.15 49.8   12.6 94.3 1.51 65.4 15.6 116.7 1.87 81.0   18.6 139.1 2.23 96.6
9.7 72.6 1.16 50.4   12.7 95.0 1.52 65.9 15.7 117.4 1.88 81.5   18.7 139.9 2.24 97.1
9.8 73.3 1.18 50.9   12.8 95.7 1.54 66.4 15.8 118.2 1.90 82.1   18.8 140.6 2.26 97.6
9.9 74.1 1.19 51.4   12.9 96.5 1.55 67.0 15.9 118.9 1.91 82.5   18.9 141.4 2.27 98.1
10.0 74.8 1.20 51.9   13.0 97.2 1.56 67.5 16.0 119.7 1.92 83.1   19.0 142.1 2.28 98.6
10.1 75.6 1.21 52.4   13.1 98.0 1.57 68.0 16.1 120.4 1.93 83.6   19.1 142.9 2.29 99.2
10.2 76.3 1.22 53.0   13.2 98.7 1.58 68.5 16.2 121.2 1.94 84.1   19.2 143.6 2.30 99.7
10.3 77.0 1.24 53.5   13.3 99.5 1.60 69.0 16.3 121.9 1.96 84.6   19.3 144.4 2.32 100.2
10.4 77.8 1.25 54.0   13.4 100.2 1.61 69.6 16.4 122.7 1.97 85.1   19.4 145.1 2.33 100.7
10.5 78.5 1.26 54.5   13.5 101.0 1.62 70.1 16.5 123.4 1.98 85.7   19.5 145.9 2.34 101.2
10.6 79.3 1.27 55.0   13.6 101.7 1.63 70.6 16.6 124.2 1.99 86.2   19.6 146.6 2.35 101.8
10.7 80.0 1.28 55.6   13.7 102.5 1.64 71.1 16.7 124.9 2.00 86.7   19.7 147.4 2.36 102.3
10.8 80.8 1.30 56.1   13.8 103.2 1.66 71.6 16.8 125.7 2.02 87.2   19.8 148.1 2.38 102.8
10.9 81.5 1.31 56.6   13.9 104.0 1.67 72.2 16.9 126.4 2.03 87.7   19.9 148.9 2.39 103.3

©2009 Baker Hughes Inc. All rights reserved Page 20 of 26 HCC/INTEQ Technology Journal
 Unit Conversion Tables Unit Conversion Tables
Multiply By To Obtain Multiply By To Obtain
Bar (pressure) 14.493 Pounds per Sq. Inch (psi) Miles 5280 Feet
Barrels,Water 31.5 Gallons Miles 1609 Kilometers
Barrels,Water 263 Pounds Miles per Hour 88 Feet per Minute
Barrels, Oil (API) 42 Gallons Miles per Hour 1.609 Kilometers per Hour
Centimeter 0.3937 Inches millimeters (mm) 0.00328 Feet
Cubic Centimeters 0.006102 Cubic Inches millimeters (mm) 0.0394 Inches
Cubic Feet 1728 Cubic Inches Minutes (Angle) 0.0002909 Radians
Cubic Feet 0.03704 CubicYards Minutes (Angle) 60 Seconds (Angle)
Cubic Feet 7.481 Gallons Newton-Meters (Joules) 0.7375 Foot-Pounds
Cubic Feet 0.1781 Barrels (oilfield) Ounces (Fluid) 1.805 Cubic Inches
Cubic Feet 28.316 Liters Ounces per Cubic Inch 1.72999 Grams per Cubic cm.
Cubic Feet 0.03704 CubicYards Pascal (Force/Unit Area) 1 Newton per Sq. Meter
Cubic Feet per Min. 0.4719 Liter per Second Pints 28.87 Cubic Inches
Cubic Inches 16.3871 Cubic Centimeters Pints 0.125 Gallons
CubicYards 0.764555 Cubic Meters Pounds 453.6 Grams
Degrees (Angle) 0.1745 Radians Pounds 0.4536 Kilograms
Feet 12 Inches Pounds of Water 0.01602 Cubic Feet of Water
Feet 304.8 Millimeters Pounds of Water 27.68 Cubic Inches of Water
Feet 0.3048 Meters Pounds of Water 0.1198 Gallons
Feet ofWater (depth) 0.4335 Pounds per Sq. Inch (psi) Pounds per Cubic Foot 0.01602 Grams per Cubic cm.
Foot-Pounds 1.35582 Joules (Newton-Meters) Pounds per Cubic Foot 16.0185 Kg. per Cubic Meter
Foot-Pounds 0.138255 Meter-Kilograms Pounds per Square Foot 4.88241 Kg. per Square Meter
Gallons (Imperial) 1.209 Gallons (U.S.) Pounds per Square Foot 47.8803 Newtons per Sq. Meter
Gallons (Imperial) 4.54609 Liters Pounds per Sq. Inch (psi) 0.069 Bar (pressure)
Gallons (U.S.) 0.02381 Barrels, Oil Pounds per Sq. Inch (psi) 2.307 Feet of Water
Gallons (U.S.) 0.1337 Cubic Feet Pounds per Sq. Inch (psi) 2.036 Inches of Mercury
Gallons (U.S.) 3.785 Liters Pounds per Sq. Inch (psi) 0.689476 Newtons Per Sq. cm
Gallons per Minute 0.002228 Cubic Feet per Second Quarts (U.S.) 57.75 Cubic Inches
Gallons per Minute 34286 Barrels per Day Quarts (U.S.) 946.4 Cubic Centimeters
Gallons per Minute 3.785 Liters per Minute Quarts (U.S.) 0.946331 Liters
Horsepower (hp) 0.745 Kilowatts Radians 57.3 Degrees
Inches 0.08333 Feet Radians per Second 9.549 Revolutions per Minute
Inches 25.4 Millimeters Square Centimeters 0.155 Square Inches
Inches ofWater 0.03613 Pounds per Sq. Inch (psi) Square Feet 929 Square Centimeters
Kilometers 3281 Feet Square Inches 6.4516 Square Centimeters
Kilometers 0.6214 Miles Square Miles 2.59 Square Kilometers
Kilometers per Hour 0.6214 Miles per Hour Square Meters 10.76 Square Feet
Kilowatts 1.341 Horsepower Square Yards 0.8361 Square Meters
Liters 0.03531 Cubic Feet Temp. (Degrees Celsius) 1.8(°C) + 32 Temp. (Degrees Fahr.)
(°F-32) Temp.
Liters 0.2642 Gallons Temp. (Degrees Fahr.) 0.5556 (Degrees Celsius)
Liters per Minute 0.264 Gallons Per Minute Tons (Long) 2240 Pounds
Meters 3.281 Feet Tons (Metric) 2205 Pounds
Meters 39.37 Inches Tons (Short) 2000 Pounds
Meters 1.094 Yards Yards 0.9144 Meters

©2009 Baker Hughes Inc. All rights reserved Page 21 of 26 HCC/INTEQ Technology Journal
 SAND PARTICLE
CLASSIFICATION

SI UNITS

P r e fi x Sy m bol F a c t or P r e fi x Sy m bo l F a c t or
24 -1
yotta Y 10 deci d 10
21 -2
zeta Z 10 centi c 10
18 -3
exa E 10 milli m 10
15 -6
peta P 10 micro µ 10
12 -9
tera T 10 nano n 10
9 -12
giga G 10 pico p 10
6 -15
mega M 10 femto f 10
3 -18
kilo k 10 atto a 10
2 -21
hecto h 10 zepto z 10
1 -24
deca da 10 yocto y 10

©2009 Baker Hughes Inc. All rights reserved Page 22 of 26 HCC/INTEQ Technology Journal
 GENERAL LOG MATRIX
RESPONSES

Substance V f (ft/sec) Δtf (μsec/ft)

Water with 20% NaCl 5,300 189
Water with 15% NaCl 5,000 200
Water with 10% NaCl 4,800 208
Water (pure) 4,600 218
Oil 4,200 238
Methane 1,600 626
Air 1,100 910

Formation V ma (ft/sec) Δ ma (μsec/ft)

Sandstone
- Unconsolidated 17,000 58.8
or less or more
- Semi-unconsolidated 18,000 55.6
- Consolidated 19,000 52.6
Limestone 21,000 47.6
Dolomite 23,000 43.5
Shale 6,000 167
to 16,000 to 62.5
Calcite 22,000 45.5
Anhydrite 20,000 50
Granite 20,000 50
Gypsum 19,000 52.6
Quartz 18,000 55.6
Salt 15,000 66.7

©2009 Baker Hughes Inc. All rights reserved Page 23 of 26 HCC/INTEQ Technology Journal
 UNIT CONVERSIONS

©2009 Baker Hughes Inc. All rights reserved Page 24 of 26 HCC/INTEQ Technology Journal
©2009 Baker Hughes Inc. All rights reserved Page 25 of 26 HCC/INTEQ Technology Journal
 BASIC EQUATIONS

©2009 Baker Hughes Inc. All rights reserved Page 26 of 26 HCC/INTEQ Technology Journal