Good Governance in National Government

- According to Lawson (2011), good governance relates to impartiality.

- Impartiality is when the bureaucrats perform their job according to public interest rather
than self-interest.
- Good outcomes in security, health, education, water, enforcement of contracts, protection of
property and environment, ability to vote, and get paid with fair wages are also to be
consider of a good governance.
- According to Fukuyama (2013), there are two dimensions to qualify governance as good or bad:
1. Capacity of the State, and
2. Bureaucracy's Autonomy
- This two must complement to each other.

Good Governance in Local Government

- To increase civil engagement

- To promote more relationships between government and the following:
1. Empowered citizens,
2. Neighborhood councils, and
3. Community councils.

1987 Constitution - Article III (Feb. 2, 1987)

Bill of Rights

- Declaration and enumeration of person's rights and privileges that the Constitution is designed to
protect against violation.
- Charter of liberties for the individual and a limitation upon the power of the State.

Classes of Rights

1. Natural Rights - possessed by every citizen that is given by God for them to have a happy life.
2. Constitutional Rights - rights conferred and protected by the Constitution.
3. Statutory Rights - rights provided by the laws promulgated by a law-making body.

Classification of Constitutional Rights

1. Political Rights
2. Civil Rights
3. Social & Economic Rights
4. Rights of the Accused

Section 1. no person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of
law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws

Section 2. unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose shall
be inviolable

Section 3. privacy of communication and correspondence shall be inviolable except upon

lawful order of the court

Section 4. no law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of expression

Section 5. no law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the

free exercise thereof

Section 6. liberty of abode and of changing the same within the limits prescribed by law
shall not be impaired except upon lawful order of the court

Section 7. right of the people to information on matters of public concern shall be

recognized

Section 8. right of the people, including those employed in the public and private sectors,
to form unions, associations, or societies for purposes not contrary to law shall not
be abridged.

Section 9. private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation.

Section 10. no law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed

Section 11. free access to the courts and quasi-judicial bodies and adequate legal assistance
shall not be denied to any person by reason of poverty.

Section 12. (1) right to be informed of his right to remain silent and to have competent and
independent counsel
(2) no torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation
 (3) any confession or admission obtained in violation of this or Section 17 hereof
shall be inadmissible in evidence against him
(4) law shall provide for penal and civil sanctions for violations

Section 13. all persons, except those charged with offenses punishable by reclusion
perpetua when evidence of guilt is strong, shall, before conviction, be bailable

Section 14. (1) no person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense without due process
of law

(2) In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall be presumed innocent

Section 15. privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended except in cases of
invasion or rebellion when the public safety requires it

Section 16. right to a speedy disposition of their cases before all judicial, quasi-judicial, or
administrative bodies

Section 17. no person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself

Section 18. (1) no person shall be detained solely by reason of his political beliefs and
aspirations
(2) no involuntary servitude in any form shall exist

Section 19. (1) excessive fines shall not be imposed, nor cruel, degrading or inhuman
punishment inflicted and any death penalty already imposed shall be reduced to
reclusion perpetua

(2) employment of physical, psychological, or degrading punishment shall be dealt

with by law

Section 20. no person shall be imprisoned for debt or non-payment of a poll tax

Section 21. no person shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment for the same offense

Section 22. no ex post facto law or bill of attainder shall be enacted

Republic Act 8491 "Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines"

- An act prescribing the code of the national Flag, Anthem, Motto, Coat-of-Arms and any other
heraldic items and devices of the Philippines.
- Reverence and respect shall at all times be accorded to the flag, the anthem, and all other national
symbols which embody the national ideals and traditions and which express the principles
of sovereignty and national solidarity.
- Enacted by the Tenth Congress of the Philippines.

The National Flag

- Shall be blue, white, and red with an eight-rayed golden-yellow sun and three five-pointed stars.

The National Anthem

"Lupang Hinirang" or "Chosen Land"

- written by Jose Palma (originally written in Spanish)
- composed by Julian Felipe

The National Motto

- MAKA-DIYOS
- MAKA-TAO
- MAKAKALIKASAN
- MAKABANSA

The National Coat-of-Arms

“Paleways of two (2) pieces, azure and gules; a chief argent studded with three (3) mullets
equidistant from each other; and, in point of honor, ovoid argent over all the sun rayonnant with
eight minor and lesser rays. Beneath shall be the scroll with the words “REPUBLIKA NG
PILIPINAS,” inscribed thereon.”

• the eight-rayed sun of the Philippines, each ray representing the eight provinces (Batangas,
Bulacan, Cavite, Manila, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga and Tarlac) placed under martial
law by Governor-General Ramón Blanco during the Philippine Revolution

• the three five-pointed stars representing the three primary geographic regions of Luzon,
Visayas, and Mindanao
 • in the blue field on the left is the Eagle of the United States; in the red field on the right is
the Lion-Rampant of Spain

Penalties in Violating RA 8491

- Any person or judicial entity which violates any of the provisions of this Act shall be punished
by a fine of not less than Five Thousand Pesos (P5,000.00) but not more than Twenty Thousand
Pesos (P20,000.00) or by imprisonment for not more than one year, or both such fine and
imprisonment.