1987 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION

ARTICLE III – BILL OF RIGHTS

Section 1 - Right to Life, Liberty and Property

Section 2 - Right Against Unreasonable Search and Seizures
Section 3(1) - Privacy of Communication and Correspondence
Section 3(2) - Inadmissibility of Evidence Obtained in Violation
Section 4 - Freedom of Speech, Expression, Of the Press | Right
Peaceably to Assemble and Petition the Government
for Redress of Grievances
Section 5 - Non-establishment Clause
Section 6 - Liberty of Abode
Section 7 - Right to Information
Section 8 - Right to Form Unions, Associations, Societies
Section 9 - Eminent Domain
Section 10 - Non-impairment of Contracts
Section 11 - Free Access to Courts and Quasi-Judicial Bodies
Section 12(1) - Miranda Rights
Section 12(2) - No Torture, Force, Violence, Threat, Intimidation,
Secret Detention Places, Solitary, Incommunicado
Section 12(3) - Inadmissibility of Evidence Obtained in Violation
Section 12(4) - Penal & Civil Sanctions to Violation | Compensation
To and Rehabilitation Of Victims
Section 13 - Right to Bail
Section 14(1) - Due Process of Law
Section 14(2) - Rights of the Accused in Criminal Prosecution
Section 15 - Privilege of Writ of Habeas Corpus
Section 16 - Right to Speedy Disposition of Cases
Section 17 - Witness Against Self
Section 18(1) - Detention By Reason of Political Beliefs &
Aspiration
Section 18(2) - Involuntary Servitude
Section 19(1) - Excessive Fines
Section 19(2) - Degrading Punishment & Inadequate Penal Facility
Section 20 - Imprisonment for Debt
Section 21 - Double Jeopardy
Section 22 - Ex Post Facto Law | Bill of Attainder

ARTICLE III
BILL OF RIGHTS

Section 1. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without

due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of
the laws.

Section 2. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses,

papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever
nature and for any purpose shall be inviolable, and no search warrant or
warrant of arrest shall issue except upon probable cause to be determined
personally by the judge after examination under oath or affirmation of the
complainant and the witnesses he may produce, and particularly describing
the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized.

Section 3. The privacy of communication and correspondence shall be

inviolable except upon lawful order of the court, or when public safety or
order requires otherwise, as prescribed by law.

Any evidence obtained in violation of this or the preceding section

shall be inadmissible for any purpose in any proceeding.

Section 4. No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of

expression, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble
and petition the government for redress of grievances.

Section 5. No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion,

or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. The free exercise and enjoyment of
religious profession and worship, without discrimination or preference,
shall forever be allowed. No religious test shall be required for the exercise
of civil or political rights.

Section 6. The liberty of abode and of changing the same within the limits
prescribed by law shall not be impaired except upon lawful order of the
court. Neither shall the right to travel be impaired except in the interest of
national security, public safety, or public health, as may be provided by law.

Section 7. The right of the people to information on matters of public

concern shall be recognized. Access to official records, and to documents
and papers pertaining to official acts, transactions, or decisions, as well as
to government research data used as basis for policy development, shall be
afforded the citizen, subject to such limitations as may be provided by law.

Section 8. The right of the people, including those employed in the public
and private sectors, to form unions, associations, or societies for purposes
not contrary to law shall not be abridged.

Section 9. Private property shall not be taken for public use without just
compensation.

Section 10. No law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed.

Section 11. Free access to the courts and quasi-judicial bodies and
adequate legal assistance shall not be denied to any person by reason of
poverty.
Section 12. Any person under investigation for the commission of an
offense shall have the right to be informed of his right to remain silent and
to have competent and independent counsel preferably of his own choice. If
the person cannot afford the services of counsel, he must be provided with
one. These rights cannot be waived except in writing and in the presence of
counsel.

No torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation, or any other means

which vitiate the free will shall be used against him. Secret detention places,
solitary, incommunicado, or other similar forms of detention are
prohibited.

Any confession or admission obtained in violation of this or Section

17 hereof shall be inadmissible in evidence against him.

The law shall provide for penal and civil sanctions for violations of
this Section as well as compensation to the rehabilitation of victims of
torture or similar practices, and their families.

Section 13. All persons, except those charged with offenses punishable by
reclusion perpetua when evidence of guilt is strong, shall, before conviction,
be bailable by sufficient sureties, or be released on recognizance as may be
provided by law. The right to bail shall not be impaired even when the
privilege of the writ of habeas corpus is suspended. Excessive bail shall not
be required.

Section 14. No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense

without due process of law.

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall be presumed innocent

until the contrary is proved, and shall enjoy the right to be heard by himself
and counsel, to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation
against him, to have a speedy, impartial, and public trial, to meet the
witnesses face to face, and to have compulsory process to secure the
attendance of witnesses and the production of evidence in his behalf.
However, after arraignment, trial may proceed notwithstanding the
absence of the accused: Provided, that he has been duly notified and his
failure to appear is unjustifiable.

Section 15. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be
suspended except in cases of invasion or rebellion, when the public safety
requires it.

Section 16. All persons shall have the right to a speedy disposition of their
cases before all judicial, quasi-judicial, or administrative bodies.

Section 17. No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself.

Section 18. No person shall be detained solely by reason of his political
beliefs and aspirations.

No involuntary servitude in any form shall exist except as a

punishment for a crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted.

Section 19. Excessive fines shall not be imposed, nor cruel, degrading or
inhuman punishment inflicted. Neither shall death penalty be imposed,
unless, for compelling reasons involving heinous crimes, the Congress
hereafter provides for it. Any death penalty already imposed shall be
reduced to reclusion perpetua.

The employment of physical, psychological, or degrading punishment

against any prisoner or detainee or the use of substandard or inadequate
penal facilities under subhuman conditions shall be dealt with by law.

Section 20. No person shall be imprisoned for debt or non-payment of a

poll tax.

Section 21. No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment for the
same offense. If an act is punished by a law and an ordinance, conviction or
acquittal under either shall constitute a bar to another prosecution for the
same act.

Section 22. No ex post facto law or bill of attainder shall be enacted.