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Kneepaininyoungadults PDF
Kneepaininyoungadults PDF
Patellofemoral
pain syndrome
Knee pain in
young adults
This booklet provides information
and answers to your questions
about this condition.
Arthritis Research UK
produce and print our
booklets entirely from
charitable donations.
What is
patellofemoral
pain syndrome?
www.arthritisresearchuk.org
Arthritis Research UK
Patellofemoral pain syndrome
www.arthritisresearchuk.org
At a glance
Patellofemoral
pain syndrome The medical
(knee pain in name for the
young adults) kneecap is the
patella.
A common cause of knee pain in young
adults is where the kneecap (patella)
and cartilage in the joint is affected
by imbalances in the muscles surrounding
the knee. The medical term that describes
this is patellofemoral pain syndrome,
and we’ll use this term throughout the
rest of the book.
What treatments are there?
Treatment may include:
hat are the symptoms of
W
patellofemoral pain syndrome? • simple painkillers (analgesics)
e.g. paracetamol
Symptoms may include:
• exercises and physiotherapy – it may
• pain take at least 12 weeks of doing exercises
• scratching, grinding, clicking several times a day for a total of
sensation (crepitus). 30 minutes a day before the muscle
imbalance is corrected.
How is it diagnosed?
How can I help myself?
Your doctor will make a diagnosis
based on: Try doing these wall squats to build up
your muscle strength:
• your symptoms
• a physical examination of your knee. Stand with your back against a wall,
feet together or apart at a 30° angle.
To check for any changes behind the Slide down the wall by bending your
kneecap that could be causing your knees, until you can no longer see your
symptoms, your doctor may ask you toes. Hold this position and clench your
to tighten your thigh muscles while buttocks for 5–10 seconds. Relax and
they hold your kneecap down, repeat the whole exercise as many times
as this will reproduce the pain. as possible.
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What is patellofemoral bend or straighten your knee. Crepitus
doesn’t often cause pain.
pain syndrome?
Knee pain is very common in
young adults, with as many as 1 in 3 What causes
experiencing problems at some time
or other. It most often occurs in the
patellofemoral pain
teenage years, and is often caused by an syndrome?
imbalance in the muscles surrounding the We don’t yet fully understand all the
knee joint, which puts pressure on the causes of patellofemoral pain syndrome,
kneecap and cartilage within the joint. but it’s most likely a combination of
factors. Some factors that could lead
to it are:
What are the symptoms • weakness or imbalance in the thigh
of patellofemoral pain or buttock muscles
syndrome? • tight hamstrings (the muscles at the
The main symptoms are pain and a backs of your thighs)
scratching, grinding or clicking sensation • short ligaments around the kneecap
(known as crepitus). The effect of these
• problems with weight bearing and
symptoms on everyday life varies from
alignment through the feet.
time to time and from person to person.
An imbalance in the muscles surrounding
ain – The pain is felt in the front of your
P
your knee puts pressure on the kneecap
knee, around and behind the kneecap.
and cartilage within the joint. To
It can sometimes be quite severe and
understand why this happens, you need
everyday movements like walking
to know a little about how the knee
up and down stairs can make it worse.
joint works.
It can also cause a dull ache, for example
after you’ve been sitting for a long time. The kneecap (patella) lies in a groove
The pain often makes it difficult to kneel at the front of the lower end of the thigh
or squat. It’s often aggravated by running bone (femur) and is shaped to move
and therefore frequently occurs during up and down in the centre of its groove
or after sport. when you bend or straighten your knee
(see Figure 1). If the muscles or ligaments
repitus – Changes in the surface of
C
surrounding the knee cause the kneecap
the cartilage can produce a scratching
to move away from the centre of its
or grating sensation from the kneecap,
groove, this can put too much pressure
which you may be able to hear when you
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Arthritis Research UK
Patellofemoral pain syndrome
Figure 1
Femur Normal knee
joint
Quadriceps (side view)
muscle
Quadriceps
tendon
Patella
Patella
tendon
Tibia
Fibula
5
Arthritis Research UK
Patellofemoral pain syndrome
Patellofemoral pain syndrome is usually the next section, but your doctor may
easily recognised from your description suggest that you see a physiotherapist
of your symptoms and confirmed by an who will be able to suggest other
examination of your knee. Blood tests exercises. They’ll assess your knee and
don’t help in diagnosing it but may decide what’s causing the pain and which
be useful for ruling out more serious exercises will best fit your particular
problems. X-rays aren’t usually helpful problem. They’ll also make sure that
as cartilage doesn’t show up on them. you’re doing them properly and safely.
Your doctor may suggest a magnetic It may take at least 12 weeks of doing
resonance imaging (MRI) scan, for these exercises several times a day
example if you’ve received a blow for a total of 30 minutes a day before
to your knee. any muscle imbalance or weakness
is corrected, and it could be some time
after that until the pain completely
What treatments are there settles down.
for patellofemoral pain
syndrome? See Arthritis Research UK booklets
Patellofemoral pain syndrome often gets Painkillers (analgesics), Physiotherapy
better on its own without any treatment, and arthritis.
though you may have symptoms for
several years. However, painkilling drugs
and physiotherapy can help to reduce
the pain.
Drugs
Simple painkillers (analgesics) such
as paracetamol can help to ease pain.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen may not offer Your physiotherapist
any additional benefit over paracetamol,
and NSAIDs are more likely to cause may apply adhesive
side-effects. tape to your
Physiotherapy kneecap to stretch
It’s important to keep your thigh muscles tight soft tissue and
(quadriceps) strong and balanced to
avoid putting pressure on your knee joint. relieve pain.
An exercise that will help is described in
7
Exercise is important
because it helps you to
strengthen your thigh
muscles. Your physiotherapist
may give you specific
exercises to try, and you
should do other kinds
of physical activity.
Swimming is a great
way for people with
knee pain to exercise.
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Arthritis Research UK
Patellofemoral pain syndrome
10
Arthritis Research UK
Patellofemoral pain syndrome
11
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its treatment, therapies and how
to help themselves. A team of people contributed to this booklet.
We also produce a range of separate The original text was written by GP Dr Adrian
leaflets on many of the drugs used Dunbar who has expertise in the subject.
for arthritis and related conditions. It was assessed at draft stage by Sue Gurden.
We recommend that you read the An Arthritis Research UK editor revised the
text to make it easy to read, and a non-medical
relevant leaflet for more detailed
panel, including interested societies, checked
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© Arthritis Research UK 2011
Published March 2014 2022/KPAIN/14-1