Hierarchical Model - A special case of a network model database in which each record type can

participate only as the member of one set.

Hot Spot - In a database, a hot spot is a single shared row of a table that is used and updated so often
that it creates a performance bottleneck on the system.

I/O - Input/output. For a DBMS, this is normally a disk drive, used to create database durability.

IEC - International Electrotechnical Commission. Along with the ISO, the IEC controls the SQL standard
(ISO/IEC 9075) and many others as well.

IIOT - Abbreviation of Industrial Internet of Things.

Implicit Locking - Done by SQL to automatically apply the locks needed to safely execute an SQL
statement in a multiuser (i.e., shared database) operational environment.

IMDB - Abbreviation of In-Memory Database

Index - A separate structure that allows fast access to a table's rows based on the data values of the
columns used in the index. RDM supports two indexing types: hash and b-tree. A SQL key (not foreign
key) is implemented using an index.

In-Memory (Inmemory) - A feature in which the DBMS keeps the entire contents of a database or table
available in computer memory at all times while the database is opened. Frequently, in-memory
databases are volatile, meaning that they have little or no durability if the computer malfunctions.
Durability issues are frequently prioritized below performance, which increases substantially with
memory as the storage media.

In-process - When referring to a DBMS, it is in-process when the DBMS code resides in the process space
of the application program that is using it. If the process is single threaded, then this is a single-user
usage of the database(s). A process may have multiple threads with individual connections to a shared
database, making it a multi-user database. In-process uses Local Procedure Calls (LPC) vs Remote
Procedure Calls (RPC) to a database server in a separate process.

Inner Join - A join between two tables where only the rows with matching foreign and primary key
values are returned.

Internet of Things - A recently coined phrase describing the extended reach of connected devices. In
particular, devices that use computing power to control or sense their environment and use wifi or wires
to connect to the internet.

IoT - Abbreviation of Internet Of Things

IP Address - A numerical identification tag assigned to a computing device in a network. Originally,

internet IP addresses consisted of 32 bits of data, displayed as a set of four 3-digit numbers separated by
periods (e.g., 113.12.214.2). The number of available IP addresses is running out and a new standard,
called IPv6, with 128 bits, will expand the address space for the foreseeable future.

ISO - International Organization for Standardization. Along with the IEC, the ISO controls the SQL
standard (ISO/IEC 9075) and many others as well.