EEE II ONNN A THE STREAMLINE PORTION OF THE BOUNDARY La) veamline boundary layer the only forces acting within the flui fi od No transfer of Momentum takes place by eddy on sua ning that the relation between ux and y can be expressed approximately b Ux = Up + ay + by? + ey? fficients a, b, ¢ and up may be evaluated because the bous ton must satisfy are known, as shown in Figure 11.6. id dynamics it is general] a pipe wall, is zero. This ‘ace, this assumption can ( indary conditions is referred to as the no-slip condition. If the fluid‘ be justified in physical terms since the molecu] THE BOUNDARY LAYER ZZ Figure 11.6, Velocity distribution in streamline boundary layer ‘ompared with the irregularities on the surface of even the smoothest pir re a fluid layer is effectively held Stationary at the wall. All gases and the m ds have a sufficiently low contact angle for this condition to be met. € fluid does not wet the wall, the no-slip condition no longer applies a gradient at a given flowrate wilt be lower. This effect is particularly im; ¢ flow of molten polymers, although it does not seem to be significant it tions. assumed here that the fluid in contact with the surface is at rest and there 2 zero. Furthermore, all the fluid close to the surface is Moving at very low v srefore any changes in its momentum as it flows parallel to the surface n ely small. Consequently, the net shear force acting on any element of flui face is negligible, the retarding force at its lower boundary being balanced ating force at its upper boundary. Thus the shear stress Ro in the fluid n must approach a constant value.