Lectur

er
S. Valle

CE 14 Hydra
ulics
Flow in Pipe
s Part III
* Three Re
servoir
System
Head Loss Formulas
c u l a r Pi p e s on ly
For Cir

Darcy-Weisbach Hazen-Williams
L V2 10.64 L Q1.85
hf = f Manning hf = 1.85 4.87
D 2g C D
2 V2 .
Q2 hf = 6.35 n L 4/3
hf = 0.0826 fL 5 D
D
2 Q2 .
hf = 10.29 n L 16/3
D
3-Reservoir: With Flow Directions

Setup Bernoulli Equations: Source reservoir → Receiving reservoir

Follow the Arrows!

A
Continuity Eqn at the junction J:
B Qin = Qout
Q1 = Q 2 + Q 3

Q1 Q2
C BEE: A→B ; A→C
* Include hf in analysis
J Q3
Example: Three reservoirs A, B and C are connected by pipelines 1, 2 and 3 respectively
which merge at junction J. The elevation of reservoir A is 300 m and that of B is 285 m.
The rate of flow from reservoir A is 1.4 m3/s. Compute Q2, Q3 and the elevation of C.

Pipe L (m) D (mm) f El 300 m

A
1 1500 800 0.0157 El 285 m
B
2 450 600 0.0162
3 1200 450 0.0177

Req’t: 3 unknowns → 3 equations! Q1 Q2

C
CE: Q 1 = Q 2 + Q3
1.4 m3/s = Q2 + Q3 Eqn 1
J Q3
BEE: A→B Eqn 2
BEE: A→C Eqn 3
 El 300 m
BEE A→B: A
El 285 m
B
2 2
pA VA zA p B VB zB
+ + = + + + hf1 + hf2
Ɣw 2g Ɣw 2g
0 + 0 + 300 m = 0 + 0 + 285 m + hf1 + hf2
Q1 Q2
C
15 = hf1 + hf2 Eqn 2

J Q3
BEE A→C:
Pipe L (m) D (mm) f
2 2
p A VA zA p C VC zC
+ + = + + + hf1 + hf3 1 1500 800 0.0157
Ɣw 2g Ɣw 2g
2 450 600 0.0162
0 + 0 + 300 m = 0 + 0 + zC + hf1 + hf3
3 1200 450 0.0177
300 - zC = hf1 + hf3 Eqn 3
For Eqn 2: 15 = hf1 + hf2 Pipe L (m) D (mm) f
Q2 3
1 1500 800 0.0157
Use hf = 0.0826 fL5 ; Q1 = 1.4 m /s 2 450 600 0.0162
D
(1.4 m3/s)2
hf1 = 0.0826 (0.0157) (1500 m) 5
= 11.64 m
(0.8 m)
Q 22 . 2
hf2 = 0.0826 (0.0162) (450 m) 5 = 7.742 Q
(0.6 m)

From Eqn 1:
15 = hf1 + hf2 1.4 m3/s = Q2 + Q3
15 = 11.64 + 7.74 Q22 1.4 m3/s = 0.659 m3/s + Q3
Q2 = 0.659 m3/s Q3 = 0.741 m3/s
For Eqn 3: 300 - zC = hf1 + hf3 Pipe L (m) D (mm) f
3 1200 450 0.0177
hf1 = 11.64 m ; Q3 = 0.741 m3/s
(0.741 m3/s)2
hf3 = 0.0826 (0.0177) (1200 m) =
52.18 m
(0.45 m) 5

Nothing New!
300 - zC = hf1 + hf3
300 - zC = 11.64 m + 52.18 m Application pa rin ng CE, BEE &
zC = 236.18 m Head Loss Formulas
3-Reservoir: Without Flow Directions

2 is
Assumed flow when pipe
2-part analysis closed

A Corrected flow directions when

B pipe 2 is open

Q1
Q2
C

Q3 J
Assumed flow: Pipe 2 is closed

Assume that there is no flow in/out of Anong alam natin?

middle reservoir (Q2 = 0)
No pump so flow distribution is by gravity:
* Reservoir A → source kasi at highest EL
A
B Palabas ang flow (Q1) from A
* Reservoir C → receiving kasi at lowest EL
Q1 Papasok ang flow (Q3) from C
Q2
C
Assumed CE: Q1 = Q2 + Q3
Q3 J
Assumed flow: Pipe 2 is closed

Assume that there is no flow in/out of Analyze BEE from 1→ 2 & 1→3
middle reservoir (Q2 = 0) to get assumed Q1 & Q3

* If Q1 > Q3, madaming tubig from A,

A
pwedeng magsupply sa B & C
B
∴ Q1 = Q 2 + Q 3
Q1
Q2 * If Q1 < Q3, kulang ang tubig from A,
C
kelangan magdagdag from B
Q3 J ∴ Q1 + Q 2 = Q 3
Corrected flow: Pipe 2 is open

Direction of flow in pipe 2 is known

from Part 1
Setup Bee:
g
A
Source reservoir → Receivin
B
reservoir
Follow the Arrows!
Q1
Q2
C

Q3 J
Example: Three reservoirs have pipes n = 0.010, that meet elevation zero. Determine
the flow in pipe 1, pipe 2 and pipe 3.
El 60 m
A
Pipe L (m) D (m) El 50 m
B
1 1000 0.3
2 800 0.2 Q1
3 600 0.15 El 30 m Q2
C

Part 1: Assumed flow, Q2 = 0 Q3 J El 0

Req’t: 3 unknowns → 3 equations

Assumed CE: Q1 = Q2 + Q3 Eqn 1
BEE: A→B Eqn 2
BEE: A→C Eqn 3
 Part 1: Assumed flow, Q2 = 0 El 60 m
A
El 50 m
B
BEE A→B:

p A V A 2 z A p B V B2 z B Q1
+ + = + + + hf1 + hf2
Ɣw 2g Ɣw 2g El 30 m Q2
C
0 + 0 + 60 m = 0 + 0 + 50 m + hf1 + hf2
Q3 J El 0
10 = hf1 + hf2 Eqn 2

Pipe L (m) D (m)

BEE A→C:
1 1000 0.3
p A V A2 z A p C V C2 z C 2 800 0.2
+ + = + + + hf1 + hf3
Ɣw 2g Ɣw 2g 3 600 0.15
0 + 0 + 60 m = 0 + 0 + 30 m + hf1 + hf3
30 = hf1 + hf3 Eqn 3
 Part 1: Assumed flow, Q2 = 0 Pipe L (m) D (m)
1 1000 0.3
2 Q2 . 2 800 0.2
Use hf = 10.29 n L 16/3
D 3 600 0.15

hf1 = 632.56 Q12 ; hf2 = 4398.91 Q22 ; hf3 = 15301.94 Q32

From Eqn 2: From Eqn 3: Assumed lang,

10 = hf1 + hf2
10 = 632.56Q1 2+ 4398.91Q22
10 = 632.56Q1 2+ 0
Q1 = 0.126 m3/s = 125.73 L/s
Compare Q1 & Q3 : Q1 > Q3 →
1]
NOT FINAL Q!
30 = hf1 + hf3
30 = 632.56Q12 + 15301.94Q32
30 = 632.56(0.126 m3/s)2 + 15301.94Q32
Q3 = 0.036 m3/s = 36.15 L/s
Q1 = Q2 + Q3 [Eqn
 Part 2: Corrected flow, Q1 = Q2 + Q3 [Eqn 1]

hf1 = 632.56 Q12 ; hf2 = 4398.91 Q22 ; hf3 = 15301.94 Q32

Eqn 2: 10 = hf1 + hf2 Eqn 3: 30 = hf1 + hf3

10 = 632.56 Q1 2+ 4398.91 Q22 30 = 632.56 Q12 + 15301.94 Q32
. .
Q2 = 10 - 632.56Q1 2 Q3 = 30 - 632.56Q1 2
√ 4398.91 √ 15301.94
. .
Q1 = 10 - 632.56Q1 2 + 30 - 632.56Q1 2
√ 4398.91 √ 15301.94
Q1 = 0.079 m3/s = 78.53 L/s
Q2 = 0.037 m3/s = 37.23 L/s
Q3 = 0.041 m3/s = 41.30 L/s
 Any
Questions?

s.valle

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ou f or li
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