Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Leonhard Korowajczuk
CEO/CTO
CelPlan International, Inc.
www.celplan.com
webinar@celplan.com
Random Access
Control and Data
System Information Periodicity 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512 frames
LTE Frame UL
Null Sub-carriers
per 1 slot
PUCCH for SR
Resource Block
12 sub-carriers
PUCCH for DL quality1
per 1 slot
PUCCH for ACK/NACK
0
Sub-Frame (1 ms)
•
1
Allocated RB
Non allocated RB
Resource Block
Allocation
2 1 OFDM
Symbol – Green: Control
–
1
2
Red: DL Quality 2
5
– Blue: Random Access
6
– Light Blue: Not Used
3
– Orange: Assigned Subcarriers
7
8
1 OFDM Carrier (5 MHz- 25 Resource Blocks) Frequency
4 Cyclic Prefix- Extended Resource Block Null Sub-carriers
12 sub-carriers Central Sub-carrier
9 Null Sub-carriers
per 1 slot UE 1 UE 2 UE 3
0.5 ms
slot
Resource Block
12 sub-carriers
subframe 0
0
1 ms
Symbol 0
2048 Ts
per 1 slot
0
slot
1
0
Sub-Frame (1 ms)
5
slot
subframe 1
2
160 Ts
1
Symbol 1
slot
1
3
0
slot
subframe 2
4
1
2
slot
5
1
Symbol 2
6
144 Ts
slot
subframe 3
0
6
1
slot 0.5 ms = 15360 Ts
slot
7
Cyclic Prefix
Symbol 3
slot
subframe 4
0
8
1 OFDM Symbol
1
2
frame 10 ms
4
slot
9
7
839 subcarriers
slot
10
subframe 5
0
Symbol 4
1 1.25 kHz
5 1
slot
11
1 symbol
800μs
slot
12
subframe 6
0
1
6 3
slot
Symbol 5
13
8
slot
14
subframe 7
0
1
Guard Time
7
slot
15
PUCCH PUCCH
Symbol 6
slot
16
subframe 8
0
1 PUCCH for SR Demodulation RS Non allocated RB
8
slot
17
PUCCH for DL quality1 Sounding RS
9 Resource Block
slot
Time
18
PUCCH for ACK/NACK
subframe 9
0
PRACH
1
9 Cyclic Prefix
slot
PUCCH for DL quality2 Allocated RB
19
8/4/2014 © CelPlan International, Inc. www.celplan.com 31
PRACH
created
• In some of the formats the preamble symbol is repeated twice, so it
can be more easily detected PREAMBLE
1 subframe
• The last format was developed for small TDD cells, allocating PRACH
during the TDD special frames
Number of Root Sequences
GT
Preamble Formats 0 to 3 Preamble Format 4
838 138 Time
1 subcarrier
0 FDD & TDD 839 1.25 1,049 69.92 6 103.13 1 800 96.88 1000 1 14.5 medium cells
1 FDD & TDD 839 1.25 1,049 69.92 6 684.38 1 800 515.63 2000 2 77.3 very large cells
2 FDD & TDD 839 1.25 1,049 69.92 6 203.13 2 1600 196.88 2000 2 29.5 large cells
3 FDD & TDD 839 1.25 1,049 69.92 6 684.38 2 1600 715.63 3000 3 107.3 extra large cells
4 TDD 139 7.5 1,043 69.50 6 14.58 0.17 133.33 9.38 157 0.16 1.4 small cells
839 1.25 kHz 839 1.25 kHz 839 1.25 kHz 839 1.25 kHz
subcarriers subcarriers subcarriers subcarriers
1 subframe
1 subcarrier
1 subframe
GT
PREAMBLE
GT
1.080 MHz 1.080 MHz
1.050 MHz 1.050 MHz
Null 139 sub-carriers (7.5 KHz spacing) Null
839 sub-carriers (1.25 KHz spacing) subcarriers subcarriers
1 subframe
PREAMBLE Preamble
1 subframe PREAMBLE Observation
at eNB UE close UE in Window
to eNB middle PREAMBLE at eNB
of cell UE at cell
edge
Part 1
Random Access
2. UE Looks for eNB RAR message UE selects from the cell Root Sequence Index a random Preamble sequence from Group
A or B based on Number of RA Preambles, Size of RA preamble Group A, Message Size
Group A, and Message Power Offset Group B
This Sequence is identified by RAPID (Random Access Preamble Identification)
• Messages Sequence
Maximum Number of Preamble Transmissions
achieved?
UE
No
Performs UE increments the Number of Preamble Transmissions
eNB UE Random UE selects the initial transmit power, based on Preamble Initial Received Power,
UE transmits into the PRACH, considering zero Time Advance (as it was collocated with
eNB), using the calculated power to reach the eNB with the target power
PRACH Access
UE looks for a PDCCH with CRC scrambled by RA-RNTI mapped to the PRACH
opportunity in which it transmitted
UE looks for this information 3 subframes after it transmitted for a length specified in
Random Access Window Size
UE No
UE boosts power by
3 sub-frames
looks Power Ramping Step Size
Message Addressing Detected?
RA Window
Yes
Size
UE acquires from RAR message, Backoff Indicator, Timing Advance, Uplink Grant and
Temporary C-RNTI
PDCCH with RA-RNTI and PDSCH with RAR and RAPID UE transmits its initial layer 3 message four subframes later in PUSCH location assigned
in the Uplink Grant
If C-RNTI is not yet assigned, UE uses Temporary C-RNTI and sends message in CCCH
If C-RNTI is assigned, UE sends message in DCCH
Performs
Layer 3 message Contention Yes
MAC contention Resolution Timer
expired?
Resolution No
RACH
• Power Calculation
𝑃𝑅𝐴𝐶𝐻 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑡 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = min(𝑃𝑐𝑚𝑎𝑥, 𝑃𝐿 + 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑅𝑋 𝑇𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟)
LTE Frame UL
Cyclic Prefix- Extended Resource Block Null Sub-carriers
12 sub-carriers Central Sub-carrier
Null Sub-carriers
per 1 slot
PUCCH for SR
Resource Block
12 sub-carriers
PUCCH for DL quality1
Slot (0.5 ms)
per 1 slot
PUCCH for ACK/NACK
0
Sub-Frame (1 ms)
1
PRACH
Allocated RB
Non allocated RB
• Allocation
2 1 OFDM
Symbol
Resource Block
– Green: Control
1
– Light Red: DL Quality 1
–
3
Orange: ACK/NACK
4
– Red: DL Quality 2
–
2
5
Blue: Random Access
– Light Blue: Not Used
–
6
3
Orange: Assigned Subcarriers
7
0.5 ms
slot
Resource Block
12 sub-carriers
subframe 0
0
1 ms
Symbol 0
2048 Ts
slot
1
1 0
Sub-Frame (1 ms)
0
slot
subframe 1
2
5
160 Ts
Symbol 1
slot
3
1 0
1
slot
subframe 2
4
slot
5
1 1
Symbol 2
2
144 Ts
slot
subframe 3
0
6
6
slot 0.5 ms = 15360 Ts
slot
7
1
3 Cyclic Prefix
Symbol 3
slot
subframe 4
0
8
1 OFDM Symbol
2
frame 10 ms
slot
9
1
4
839 subcarriers
slot
10
subframe 5
0
7
Symbol 4
1.25 kHz
1
slot
11
1
5 1 symbol
800μs
slot
12
subframe 6
0
3
slot
1
Symbol 5
13
6
slot
14
subframe 7
0
8
Guard Time
1
slot
15
7 PUCCH PUCCH
Symbol 6
slot
16
subframe 8
0
PUCCH for SR Demodulation RS Non allocated RB
1
slot
17
8
PUCCH for DL quality1 Sounding RS
9
Resource Block
slot
Time
18
PUCCH for ACK/NACK
subframe 9
0
PRACH
1
Cyclic Prefix
slot
PUCCH for DL quality2 Allocated RB
19
9
0.5 ms
slot
Resource Block
12 sub-carriers
subframe 0
0
1 ms
Symbol 0
2048 Ts
slot
1
0
Sub-Frame (1 ms)
slot
subframe 1
2
160 Ts
Symbol 1
slot
3
0
slot
subframe 2
4
slot
5
1
Symbol 2
144 Ts
slot
subframe 3
0
6
slot 0.5 ms = 15360 Ts
slot
7
Cyclic Prefix
Symbol 3
slot
subframe 4
0
8
1 OFDM Symbol
2
frame 10 ms
slot
9
839 subcarriers
slot
10
subframe 5
0
Symbol 4
1.25 kHz
1
slot
11
1 symbol
800μs
slot
12
subframe 6
0
3
slot
Symbol 5
13
slot
14
subframe 7
0
Guard Time
slot
15
PUCCH PUCCH
Symbol 6
slot
16
subframe 8
0
PUCCH for SR Demodulation RS Non allocated RB
slot
17
PUCCH for DL quality1 Sounding RS
Resource Block
slot
Time
18
PUCCH for ACK/NACK
subframe 9
0
PRACH
Cyclic Prefix
slot
PUCCH for DL quality2 Allocated RB
19
8/4/2014 © CelPlan International, Inc. www.celplan.com 48
Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) 1
• PRACH is used to transfer random access
preambles to initiate network access
procedure
– PRACH does not transfer any RRC or
application data
– It is performed when:
• UE wakes up from sleep mode
• UE performs handoff
• UE losses uplink timing synchronization
• UE has to acquire network
synchronization and System Information
before trying to access the system
– Network defines frame and sub-frames
used for Random Access (RA)
• A bandwidth of 72 regular sub-carriers (six
RB) are reserved for RA
• One to three sub-frames are reserved for RA
• PRACH structure includes:
– A Cyclic Prefix
– A Preamble Sequence
– A Guard Time
0 FDD & TDD 103.12 800 96.88 1 14.5 839 1.25 800
1 FDD & TDD 684.38 800 515.62 2 77.3 839 1.25 800
2 FDD & TDD 203.12 1600 196.88 2 29.5 839 1.25 800
3 FDD & TDD 684.38 1600 715.62 3 102.7 839 1.25 800
4 TDD 14.58 133.33 9.38 0.157 1.4 139 7.5 133.33
0 FDD & TDD 839 1.25 1,049 69.92 6 103.13 1 800 96.88 1000 1 14.5 medium cells
1 FDD & TDD 839 1.25 1,049 69.92 6 684.38 1 800 515.6 2000 2 77.3 very large cells
2 FDD & TDD 839 1.25 1,049 69.92 6 203.13 2 1600 196.8 2000 2 29.5 large cells
extra-large
3 FDD & TDD 839 1.25 1,049 69.92 6 684.38 2 1600 715.6 3000 3 107.3
cells
4 TDD 139 7.5 1,043 69.50 6 14.58 0.17 133.33 9.38 157 0.16 1.4 small cells
Format 4
Zero Correlation
zone cyclic shift Preamble Root Root
Cell
(High Speed Sequences Sequences Sequences
Range
Flag= false) per Root Required Reuse
(km)
Actual Sequence per Cell Pattern
Index
value
0 2 69 1 138 0.14
1 4 34 2 69 0.43
2 6 23 3 46 0.72
3 8 17 4 34 1.00
4 10 13 5 27 1.29
5 12 11 6 23 1.58
6 15 9 8 17 2.01
• a
number
0–23 129, 710, 140, 699, 120, 719, 210, 629, 168, 671, 84, 755, 105, 734, 93, 746, 70, 769, 60, 779, 2, 837, 1, 838
24–29 56, 783, 112, 727, 148, 691
30–35 80, 759, 42, 797, 40, 799
36–41 35, 804, 73, 766, 146, 693
42–51 31, 808, 28, 811, 30, 809, 27, 812, 29, 810
52–63 24, 815, 48, 791, 68, 771, 74, 765, 178, 661, 136, 703
64–75 86, 753, 78, 761, 43, 796, 39, 800, 20, 819, 21, 818
76–89 95, 744, 202, 637, 190, 649, 181, 658, 137, 702, 125, 714, 151, 688
90–115 217, 622, 128, 711, 142, 697, 122, 717, 203, 636, 118, 721, 110, 729, 89, 750, 103, 736, 61, 778, 55, 784, 15, 824, 14, 825
116–135 12, 827, 23, 816, 34, 805, 37, 802, 46, 793, 207, 632, 179, 660, 145, 694, 130, 709, 223, 616
136–167 228, 611, 227, 612, 132, 707, 133, 706, 143, 696, 135, 704, 161, 678, 201, 638, 173, 666, 106, 733, 83, 756, 91, 748, 66, 773, 53, 786, 10, 829, 9, 830
168–203 7, 832, 8, 831, 16, 823, 47, 792, 64, 775, 57, 782, 104, 735, 101, 738, 108, 731, 208, 631, 184, 655, 197, 642, 191, 648, 121, 718, 141, 698, 149, 690, 216, 623, 218, 621
152, 687, 144, 695, 134, 705, 138, 701, 199, 640, 162, 677, 176, 663, 119, 720, 158, 681, 164, 675, 174, 665, 171, 668, 170, 669, 87, 752, 169, 670, 88, 751, 107, 732, 81, 758, 82, 757, 100, 739, 98, 741,
204–263
71, 768, 59, 780, 65, 774, 50, 789, 49, 790, 26, 813, 17, 822, 13, 826, 6, 833
5, 834, 33, 806, 51, 788, 75, 764, 99, 740, 96, 743, 97, 742, 166, 673, 172, 667, 175, 664, 187, 652, 163, 676, 185, 654, 200, 639, 114, 725, 189, 650, 115, 724, 194, 645, 195, 644, 192, 647, 182, 657,
264–327
157, 682, 156, 683, 211, 628, 154, 685, 123, 716, 139, 700, 212, 627, 153, 686, 213, 626, 215, 624, 150, 689
225, 614, 224, 615, 221, 618, 220, 619, 127, 712, 147, 692, 124, 715, 193, 646, 205, 634, 206, 633, 116, 723, 160, 679, 186, 653, 167, 672, 79, 760, 85, 754, 77, 762, 92, 747, 58, 781, 62, 777, 69, 770,
328–383
54, 785, 36, 803, 32, 807, 25, 814, 18, 821, 11, 828, 4, 835
3, 836, 19, 820, 22, 817, 41, 798, 38, 801, 44, 795, 52, 787, 45, 794, 63, 776, 67, 772, 72
384–455 767, 76, 763, 94, 745, 102, 737, 90, 749, 109, 730, 165, 674, 111, 728, 209, 630, 204, 635, 117, 722, 188, 651, 159, 680, 198, 641, 113, 726, 183, 656, 180, 659, 177, 662, 196, 643, 155, 684, 214, 625,
126, 713, 131, 708, 219, 620, 222, 617, 226, 613
230, 609, 232, 607, 262, 577, 252, 587, 418, 421, 416, 423, 413, 426, 411, 428, 376, 463, 395, 444, 283, 556, 285, 554, 379, 460, 390, 449, 363, 476, 384, 455, 388, 451, 386, 453, 361, 478, 387, 452,
456–513
360, 479, 310, 529, 354, 485, 328, 511, 315, 524, 337, 502, 349, 490, 335, 504, 324, 515
323, 516, 320, 519, 334, 505, 359, 480, 295, 544, 385, 454, 292, 547, 291, 548, 381, 458, 399, 440, 380, 459, 397, 442, 369, 470, 377, 462, 410, 429, 407, 432, 281, 558, 414, 425, 247, 592, 277, 562,
514–561
271, 568, 272, 567, 264, 575, 259, 580
237, 602, 239, 600, 244, 595, 243, 596, 275, 564, 278, 561, 250, 589, 246, 593, 417, 422, 248, 591, 394, 445, 393, 446, 370, 469, 365, 474, 300, 539, 299, 540, 364, 475, 362, 477, 298, 541, 312, 527,
562–629
313, 526, 314, 525, 353, 486, 352, 487, 343, 496, 327, 512, 350, 489, 326, 513, 319, 520, 332, 507, 333, 506, 348, 491, 347, 492, 322, 517
630–659 330, 509, 338, 501, 341, 498, 340, 499, 342, 497, 301, 538, 366, 473, 401, 438, 371, 468, 408, 431, 375, 464, 249, 590, 269, 570, 238, 601, 234, 605
257, 582, 273, 566, 255, 584, 254, 585, 245, 594, 251, 588, 412, 427, 372, 467, 282, 557, 403, 436, 396, 443, 392, 447, 391, 448, 382, 457, 389, 450, 294, 545, 297, 542, 311, 528, 344, 495, 345, 494,
660–707
318, 521, 331, 508, 325, 514, 321, 518
708–729 346, 493, 339, 500, 351, 488, 306, 533, 289, 550, 400, 439, 378, 461, 374, 465, 415, 424, 270, 569, 241, 598
730–751 231, 608, 260, 579, 268, 571, 276, 563, 409, 430, 398, 441, 290, 549, 304, 535, 308, 531, 358, 481, 316, 523
752–765 293, 546, 288, 551, 284, 555, 368, 471, 253, 586, 256, 583, 263, 576
766–777 242, 597, 274, 565, 402, 437, 383, 456, 357, 482, 329, 510
778–789 317, 522, 307, 532, 286, 553, 287, 552, 266, 573, 261, 578
790–795 236, 603, 303, 536, 356, 483
796–803 355, 484, 405, 434, 404, 435, 406, 433
804–809 235, 604, 267, 572, 302, 537
810–815 309, 530, 265, 574, 233, 606
816–819 367, 472, 296, 543
820–837 336, 503, 305, 534, 373, 466, 280, 559, 279, 560, 419, 420, 240, 599, 258, 581, 229, 610
8/4/2014 © CelPlan International, Inc. www.celplan.com 66
Logical and Physical Allocation
of Root Sequence Numbers
• A Cell Range of 5 km requires
– Preamble Format 0
– Zero Correlation Zone 8
– 4 Root Sequences per cell
– Resulting in a reuse pattern of 209
Logical Allocation of Root Sequence Physical Allocation of Root Sequence
Numbers Numbers
Part 2
Random Access Response
2. UE Looks for eNB RAR message UE selects from the cell Root Sequence Index a random Preamble sequence from Group
A or B based on Number of RA Preambles, Size of RA preamble Group A, Message Size
Group A, and Message Power Offset Group B
This Sequence is identified by RAPID (Random Access Preamble Identification)
• Messages Sequence
Maximum Number of Preamble Transmissions
achieved?
UE
No
Performs UE increments the Number of Preamble Transmissions
eNB UE Random UE selects the initial transmit power, based on Preamble Initial Received Power,
UE transmits into the PRACH, considering zero Time Advance (as it was collocated with
eNB), using the calculated power to reach the eNB with the target power
PRACH Access
UE looks for a PDCCH with CRC scrambled by RA-RNTI mapped to the PRACH
opportunity in which it transmitted
UE looks for this information 3 subframes after it transmitted for a length specified in
Random Access Window Size
UE No
UE boosts power by
3 sub-frames
looks Power Ramping Step Size
Message Addressing Detected?
RA Window
Yes
Size
UE acquires from RAR message, Backoff Indicator, Timing Advance, Uplink Grant and
Temporary C-RNTI
PDCCH with RA-RNTI and PDSCH with RAR and RAPID UE transmits its initial layer 3 message four subframes later in PUSCH location assigned
in the Uplink Grant
If C-RNTI is not yet assigned, UE uses Temporary C-RNTI and sends message in CCCH
If C-RNTI is assigned, UE sends message in DCCH
Performs
Layer 3 message Contention Yes
MAC contention Resolution Timer
expired?
Resolution No
– Maximum Number
eNB), using the calculated power to reach the eNB with the target power
of Preamble To re- UE looks for a PDCCH with CRC scrambled by RA-RNTI mapped to the PRACH
opportunity in which it transmitted
transmission
Transmissions UE looks for this information 3 subframes after it transmitted for a length specified in
Random Access Window Size
– Preamble Initial No
Received Power UE boosts power by
Power Ramping Step Size
Message Addressing Detected?
• Power Boost
UE decodes RAR and looks for its RAPID in all RAR listed instances
– Power Ramping
Step UE boosts power by
No
RAPID Detected?
Power Ramping Step Size
Yes
8/4/2014 © CelPlan International, Inc. www.celplan.com 70
RAR Message
• eNB responds to Random Access in a specific Subframe
with a Random Access Response (RAR) message 𝑅𝐴_𝑅𝑁𝑇𝐼 = 1 + 𝑡𝑖𝑑 + (10 ∗ 𝑓𝑖𝑑)
– eNB responds to all detected accesses (up to 64) in the same 𝑡𝑖𝑑 = 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑃𝑅𝐴𝐶𝐻 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑥
message
– Message location is specified in PDCCH using the RA-RNTI 𝑓𝑖𝑑 = 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑃𝑅𝐴𝐶𝐻 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑥
• RA-RNTI range goes from 0001 to 003C (60 values)
0 ≤ 𝑓𝑖𝑑 < 6
– Temporary C-RNTI becomes C-RNTI if a successful contention
resolution is done
Part 3
Contention Resolution
2. UE Looks for eNB RAR message UE selects from the cell Root Sequence Index a random Preamble sequence from Group
A or B based on Number of RA Preambles, Size of RA preamble Group A, Message Size
Group A, and Message Power Offset Group B
This Sequence is identified by RAPID (Random Access Preamble Identification)
• Messages Sequence
Maximum Number of Preamble Transmissions
achieved?
UE
No
Performs UE increments the Number of Preamble Transmissions
eNB UE Random UE selects the initial transmit power, based on Preamble Initial Received Power,
UE transmits into the PRACH, considering zero Time Advance (as it was collocated with
eNB), using the calculated power to reach the eNB with the target power
PRACH Access
UE looks for a PDCCH with CRC scrambled by RA-RNTI mapped to the PRACH
opportunity in which it transmitted
UE looks for this information 3 subframes after it transmitted for a length specified in
Random Access Window Size
UE No
UE boosts power by
3 sub-frames
looks Power Ramping Step Size
Message Addressing Detected?
RA Window
Yes
Size
UE acquires from RAR message, Backoff Indicator, Timing Advance, Uplink Grant and
Temporary C-RNTI
PDCCH with RA-RNTI and PDSCH with RAR and RAPID UE transmits its initial layer 3 message four subframes later in PUSCH location assigned
in the Uplink Grant
If C-RNTI is not yet assigned, UE uses Temporary C-RNTI and sends message in CCCH
If C-RNTI is assigned, UE sends message in DCCH
Performs
Layer 3 message Contention Yes
MAC contention Resolution Timer
expired?
Resolution No
• Contention Yes
Resolution To
UE acquires from RAR message, Backoff Indicator, Timing Advance, Uplink Grant and
Temporary C-RNTI
UE transmits its initial layer 3 message four subframes later in PUSCH location assigned
• UE send its
Buffer status in UE starts a MAC Contention Resolution Timer
allowing eNB to No
Grant No
Yes
PUCCH
Request) 1 slot
DM
RS
DM
DM
RS
DM
DM
RS
DM
DM
RS
DM
DM
RS
DM
DM
RS
DM
DM
RS
DM
DM
RS
DM
DM
RS
DM
DM
RS
DM
DM
RS
DM
DM
RS
DM 1 slot
DM
RS
DM
RS
DM
RS
DM
RS
DM
RS
DM
RS
DM
RS
DM
RS
DM
RS
DM
RS
DM
RS
DM
RS
0.5 ms RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS 0.5 ms
•
DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM
3 symbol
DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM
RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS
4
1 slot
0.5 ms
2
DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM
5
RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS
Cell Specific
Cell Specific
Base
Cyclic Shift
Sequence
wn(t)
• Format 2a, 2b 12 sub-carriers
Resource Block
symbol
Cell Specific
DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM Cell Specific
RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS Base
Cyclic Shift
Sequence
IFFT
1 slot
0.5 ms
IFFT
Cell Specific
DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM Cell Specific
RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS Base
Cyclic Shift
Sequence
z(m)
Resultant
PUCCH delta Total Cyclic Orthogonal Multipath Multipath
number of
shift shifts codes delay (μs) distance (km)
codes
1 12 3 36 5.6 1.7
2 6 3 18 11.1 3.3
3 4 3 12 16.7 5.0
8/4/2014 © CelPlan International, Inc. www.celplan.com 88
Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)
• Formats 1,1a,1b
• Formats 2,2a,2b
• Formats 1,1a,1b
• Formats 2,2a,2b
PUSCH
• PUSCH carries:
– RRC signalling messages (SRBs)
– Uplink Control Information (UCI)
– Application Data
• PUSCH uses QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM if supported
by UE
– Modulation is indicated in DCI formats 0 to 4
symbol symbol
DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM
1 slot RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS 1 slot DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM
0.5 ms 0.5 ms RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS
symbol
Cell Specific
DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM Cell Specific
IFFT RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS
Base
1 slot Cyclic Shift
Sequence
0.5 ms
symbol
Cell Specific
DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM DM Cell Specific
IFFT RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS RS
Base
1 slot Cyclic Shift
Sequence
0.5 ms
wn(t)
SRS
Reuse
Resource Assignment Planning
ICIC
• Actual reuse
– Comparing reuse throughput
A B
SNR SNR
Cell A Cell B
30
20
10
0
-5 0 5 10 15 20
SNR (dB)
25
SNR occurrence for different reuses
20
Area * Spectral efficiency/Reuse
10
0
-5 0 5 10 15 20
SNR (dB)
70
50
40
30
20
10
0
-5 0 5 10 15 20
SNR (dB)
50
MCS occurrence for different reuses
45
40
25
20
15
10
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
MCS
16
14
Reuse1 Reuse3 Reuse9 Reuse12 Reuse21
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
MCS
70
Cumulative Area * Spectral Efficiency/Reuse
60
Reuse1 Reuse3 Reuse9 Reuse12 Reuse21
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
-10
MCS
45
y = 16.596x0.3136
40
35
y = 11.081x0.3129 20 dB/dec
30
SNR (dB)
40 dB/dec
25
60 dB/dec
20 Power (20 dB/dec)
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Reuse factor
Router
S6a
· DAS: Distributed Antenna PCs
S1-U S1-MME
SERVERS
PCs
IP Cloud WiFI WiFI
hot hot
spot spot
eNB UE UE UE UE
CCC
pico
X2 X2 Home
Uu Uu S1-U S1-U eNB
eNB eNB Uu
S1-MME S1-MME
UE Macro Macro
UE
C-RAN
eNB
head
femto
UE UE
Uu
e-UTRAN
Uu Uu UE UE
Uu Uu Uu
BACKHAUL
Relay UE UE UE UE UE UE (Fiber or wireless)
UE UE
FRONTHAUL
eNB
C-RAN
head
Uu Repeater (Fiber or wireless)
Uu micro
UE UE WIRELESS PMP/
Uu Uu Uu
eNB mobile
Uu Uu
Metro/
UE UE UE UE UE
DAS
UE UE
Uu Uu
UE UE UE
Router
S6a
· DAS: Distributed Antenna PCs
S1-U S1-MME
SERVERS
PCs
IP Cloud WiFI WiFI
hot hot
spot spot
eNB UE UE UE UE
CCC
pico
X2 X2 Home
Uu Uu S1-U S1-U eNB
eNB eNB Uu
S1-MME S1-MME
UE Macro Macro
UE
C-RAN
eNB
head
femto
UE UE
Uu
e-UTRAN
Uu Uu UE UE
Uu Uu Uu
BACKHAUL
Relay UE UE UE UE UE UE (Fiber or wireless)
UE UE
FRONTHAUL
eNB
C-RAN
head
Uu Repeater (Fiber or wireless)
Uu micro
UE UE WIRELESS PMP/
Uu Uu Uu
eNB mobile
Uu Uu
Metro/
UE UE UE UE UE
DAS
UE UE
Uu Uu
UE UE UE
• The implementation of ICIC was left up to the vendors, but 3GPP made
available some features that could be used in the process
• X2 interface that interconnects the eNBs
• X2 protocol messages
– Uplink Interference Overload Indication
• Reports uplink interference per Resource Block (high, medium, low)
– Uplink High Interference Indication
• Informs other eNBs then RBs it plans to use
– Relative Narowband Transmit Power
• Informs other eNBs which RBs will be transmitted with high power
– Almost Blank Subframe Information (ABS)
• Only Cell Reference Signals are transmitted in this frames, so they can be used by cells
under the umbrella of the macrocell
– Invoke Information
• Used to request the macrocell to use ABS
8/4/2014
9/16/2014 © CelPlan International, Inc. www.celplan.com
Copyright CelPlan Technologies, Inc. 16-135
135
Frequency Domain Partitioning
• ABS is performed in Time Domain
• In Frequency Domain, macro and LPNs use separate frequencies
(carriers)
– Does not require synchronization
• Offers less granular resource allocation and lower flexibility
– does not partition subframes
– amount of LPNs does not change implementation
– partitioning ratio is limited by number of carriers
• When Carrier Aggregation is used:
– Macro cells transmit full power in one carrier, and lower power in second
carrier
Macro cell
– LPNs used second carrier as main carrier
LPNs
8/4/2014
9/16/2014 © CelPlan International, Inc. www.celplan.com
Copyright CelPlan Technologies, Inc. 16-136
136
ICIC Considerations
CellSpectrum
CellDesigner
9/16/2014 contained in this document is property of CelPlan Technologies. Unauthorized copies are prohibited.
All information
CellDesigner™
Google Earth Integration
• Capable of presenting predictions and
measurements live in Google Earth’s 3D
environment
Network Master Plan (NMP)
• Patent-pending methodology that
simplifies SON and ICIC
Integration of Field Measurement Data
• Collection of data from virtually any type of
measurement equipment and any format
• Automatic extraction of propagation
parameters
Integration of KPIs
• Comparison reports between reported and
calculated KPIS
9/16/2014 contained in this document is property of CelPlan Technologies. Unauthorized copies are prohibited.
All information
CellDesigner™
GIS Database Editor
• Allows the editing and processing of
geographical databases
Backhaul Planning
• Calculates network interconnections,
interference analysis & reporting for point-to-
point, microwave transmission links
• Can display obstruction in Fresnel zones as well
as the path loss
• Calculates attenuation caused by diffraction.
• Calculates rain attenuation for each link
• Provides link performance and compares
against the requirements established by ITU-R
9/16/2014
All information contained in this document is property of CelPlan Technologies. Unauthorized copies are prohibited.
Thank You!
Leonhard Korowajczuk
webinar@celplan.com
www.celplan.com
Questions?
8/4/2014 © CelPlan International, Inc. www.celplan.com 151