LIPID DETERMINATION

As a student in Medical Technology scrutinizing this type of determination has a lot

to undergo wherein this topic talks about Lipid analysis, wherein I could compose my
own understanding and comprehend of what is being ask as lipid determination. Giving
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Knowing about this lipid analysis there are various ways to used, this was one of
the first applications of the mass spectrometer, but the technique has been continuously
developed and improved. The combination of selectivity, specificity, sensitivity and
speed makes MS an ideal technique for lipid analysis. Moreover, different ionisation
sources are available starting with electron ionisation or chemical ionisation, but these
have presented challenges in analysis of labile biomolecules such as phospholipids.
The ‘soft’ ionisation introduced in electrospray ionisation  is now the preferred
option. ESI does not cause extensive fragmentation and, combined with high accuracy,
reproducibility and applicability to complex extraction mixtures, presents advantageous
opportunities in these analyses. ESI can be applied in positive- or negative- ionisation
mode depending on the analyte.

The collection of polarity is made up our minds via the imaginable rate state of
the phospholipid magnificence in answer. All zwitterionic phospholipids
PC, lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin and phosphatidylethanolamine can ionise
in each positive- and negative-ion modes. Aside from PE, they're extra successfully
analysed in tremendous mode. As a result of their unfavorable rate at impartial pH,
anionicphospholipids,phosphatidylinositol,phosphatidicacid , phosphatidylglycerol 
and phosphatidylserine produce essentially deprotonated molecule protecting a
unfavorable rate because the molecular ion top and are detected in negative-ion mode.

ESI-MS was first developed for the analysis of biomolecules and its ability to
produce ions from highly polar and mostly nonvolatile molecules made it the method of
choice for lipid analysis. The analyte solution is passed through a metal needle on
which a high voltage is applied, desolvating and ionising the molecules at the same
time.
ESI sources combined with different mass analysers such as ion trap, quadrupole, time
of flight and Fourier transform ion cyclotron offer a variety of configurations that excel at
different analyses and for different purposes. The minimal fragmentation during ESI
ionisation makes it possible to detect most lipid species as molecular ions or molecular
adduct ions when analysed in single stage mode using Q1 or Q3 quadrupoles as mass
analysers.
And in addition fragmentation is a very important device within the identity and
structural characterisation of lipid molecules. Incessantly, when the ionisation energy is
top the ensuing interior power is enough to fragment ions inside the mass spectrometer,
inflicting in-source fragmentation. Every ion of pastime is subjected to collision-induced
dissociation (CID) with a impartial atom or molecule within the gasoline segment,
leading to a product ion spectrum Whilst detection and quantitation of lipid species are
completed throughout unmarried level MS, identity and structural details about particular
peaks is bought through collision caused dissociation or fragmentation, termed tandem
MS. Tandem MS is carried out both in house or in time.