CIVIL PROCEDURE

3C TO 3J
Module 1:

I. Preliminaries
a. Remedial Law distinguished from substantive law
b. Prospective Effect of the Rules of Court/ Retroactive Application of Rules of Court
i. In the Matter to Declare in Contempt of Court Hon. Simeon Datumanong, G.R. No.
150274, 4 August 2006
c. Applicability to pending actions; retroactivity
d. Rule-making power of the Supreme Court
i. Constitution, Art. VI, Sec. 30
ii. Constitution, Art. VIII, Sec. 5(5)
e. Power of the Supreme Court to suspend the Rules of Court
i. Sarmiento v. Zaratan, G.R. No. 167471, 5 February 2007
ii. Labao v. Flores, G.R. No. 187984, 15 November 2010
iii. Gios-Samar, Inc. v. DOTC, G.R. No. 217158, 12 March 2019
f. Distinctions: Civil Action, Criminal Action, and Special Proceedings

II. General Principles

a. Nature and classification of Philippine Courts
b. Doctrine of Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies
i. Spouses Gonzales v. Marmaine Realty Corp., G.R. No. 214241, January 13, 2016
c. Doctrine of non-interference or doctrine of judicial stability
i. Tan v. Cinco, G.R. No. 213054, 15 June 2016
ii. Specified Contractors & Dev Inc v. Pobocan G.R. No. 212014-15, 212427-28, 212694-
95, 212794-95, 6 December 2016

III. Jurisdiction
a. Statute in force at the time of the commencement of the action
i. Cang v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 105308, 25 September 1998
b. Classification of jurisdiction
i. Original vs. Appellate
ii. General vs. Special
iii. Exclusive vs. Concurrent
c. Doctrines of hierarchy of courts and continuity of jurisdiction
• Gios-Samar, Inc. v. DOTC, G.R. No. 217158, 12 March 2019
d. Jurisdiction of various Philippine courts
i. Katarungang Pambarangay (Sec. 399-422, Local Government Code)
• Condition Precedent
• See also Art. 151, Family Code – earnest efforts toward compromise between
member of the family
• Art. 2041 of the Civil Code
• Lansangan v. Caisip, G.R. No. 212987, 6 August 2018
• Abagatnan v. Spouses Clarito, G.R. No. 211966,
7 August 2017
 • Chavez v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 159411, 18 March 2005
ii. Jurisdiction over small claims, cases covered by the rules on Summary Procedure
• Summary Procedure v. Summary Proceeding (Art. 100, 252, 253, Family Code)
iii. Section 5 (4) Article VIII of the 1987 Constitution
iv. B.P. 129 – Judicial Reorganization Act of 1980
• Anama v. Citibank G.R. No. 192048, 13 December 2017
• Sps. Trayvilla v. Sejas G.R. No. 204970, 1 February 2016
• Heirs of Reterta v. Sps. Lopez G.R. No. 159941, 17 August 2011
v. Republic Act 7691 – An act expanding the jurisdiction of the MTC, MeTC, MCTC,
amending B.P. 129
• Suapo et al v. Sps. De Jesus G.R. No. 198356, 20 April 2015
vi. P.D. 1606 as amended by Republic Act 8249; Republic Act 10660 – Sandiganbayan
vii. Republic Act 8369 – Family Courts Act
viii. Republic Act 8799, Sec. 5.2 – Securities Regulations Code
e. Aspects of jurisdiction
i. Jurisdiction over the Subject Matter
• Sps. Erorita v. Sps. Dumlao G.R. No. 195477, 25 January 2016
• Rivera v. Catalo, A.M. No. RTJ-15-2422, 20 July 2015
• Heirs of Alfredo Bautista v. Lindo, G.R. No. 208232, 10 March 2014
• Heirs of Julao v. De Jesus, G.R. No. 176020, 29 September 2014
ii. Jurisdiction over the Parties
• David v. Agtibay, G.R. No. 199113, 18 March 2015
• Miranda v. Tuliao, G.R. No. 158763, 31 March 2006
• Palmiano-Salvador v. Angeles, G.R. No. 171219, 3 September 2012
iii. Jurisdiction over the Issues
• Bernabe v. Vergara, G.R. No. L-48652, 16 September 1942
iv. Jurisdiction over the Res
• De Joya v. Marquez, G.R. No. 162416, 31 January 2006
• Gomez v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 127692, 10 March 2004
v. Estoppel Jurisdiction
vi. Tijam v. Sibonghanoy, G.R. No. L-21450, 15 April 1968

IV. Actions
a. Ordinary Civil Actions, Special Civil Actions, Criminal Actions, Special Proceedings
b. Personal actions and Real Actions
• Sps. Trayvilla v. Sejas G.R. No. 204970, 1 February 2016
• Heirs of Reterta v. Sps. Lopez G.R. No. 159941, 17 August 2011
c. Actions in rem, in personam, and quasi in rem

V. Rule 2 - Cause of Action

b. Meaning of cause of action
• Heirs of Tomas Dolleton v. Fil-Estate Management, Inc., G.R. No. 170750, 7 April 2009
• Right of Action – Multi-Realty Development Corp., G.R. No. 146726, 16 June 2006
• Consular Area Residents Association v. Casanova G.R. No. 202618, 12 April 2016
c. Test of sufficiency of cause of action
 • Misamis Occidental II Cooperative, Inc. v. David, G.R. No. 129928, 25 August 2005
d. Splitting of a single cause of action and its effects
• Marilag v. Martinez G.R. No. 201892, 22 July 2015
• Yap v. First E-Bank Corporation, G.R. No. 169889, 29 September 2009
• Umale v. Canoga Park Development Corp., G.R. No. 167246, 20 July 2011
• Chu et al v. Cunanan G.R. No. 156185, 12 September 2011
• Riviera Golf Club Inc v. CCA Holdings B.V. G.R. No. 173783, 17 June 2015
e. Joinder and misjoinder of causes of action
• Perez v. Hernano, G.R. No. 147417, 8 July 2005
• Danilo v. Pedro, G.R. No. 155736, 31 March 2005
• Totality Rule (BP 129, Sec. 33)
• Flores v. Mallare-Phillipps, G.R. No. L-66620, 24 September 1986

VI. Rule 3 - Parties to Civil Actions
a. Natural and Juridical Persons, Entities Authorized by law
• Verzosa v. Fernandez, 49. Phil. 627 (1926)
b. Real parties in interest
• Evangelista v. Santiago, G.R. No. 157447, 29 April 2005
c. representatives as parties
• V-Gent, Inc. v. Morning Star Travel & Tours, Inc., G.R. No. 186305, 22 July 2015
• Oposa v. Factoran, G.R. No. 101083, 30 July 1993
• Resident Marine Mammals of Tanon Strait v. Reyes G.R. No. 180771, 21 April 2015
d. indispensable parties
• In the Matter of the Heirship of the Late Hermogenes Rodriguez, G.R. No. 182645, 15
December 2010 (Resolution)
• Cerezo v. Tuazon, G.R. No. 141538, 23 March 2004
• Foster-Gallego v. Spouses Galang, G.R. No. 130228, July 27, 2004
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e. necessary parties;
• Caravan Travel and Tours International, Inc. v. Abejar, G.R. No. 170631, February 10,
2016
f. indigent parties;
• Spouses Algura v. City of Naga G.R. No. 150135, 30 October 2006
g. alternative defendants
h. Complusory and permissive joinder of parties
i. Misjoinder and non-joinder of parties
• Divinagracia v. Parilla G.R. No. 196750, 11 March 2015
j. Class suit
k. Suits against entities without juridical personality
l. Effect of death of party litigant
• Spouses De la Cruz v. Joaquin, G.R. No. 162788, July 28, 2005
• Gaffney v. Butler G.R. No. 219408, 8 November 2017
• San Juan v. Cruz G.R. No.167321, 31 July 2006
m. Death or separation of a party who is a public officer
n. Incompetency or incapacity
o. Transfer of Interest
 p. Notice to Solicitor General

VII. Rule 4 - Venue

a. Venue vs. Jurisdiction
• Nocum v. Lucio Tan G.R. No. 145022, 23 September 2005
b. Venue in civil cases vs. Criminal cases
• Nocum v. Lucio Tan G.R. No. 145022, 23 September 2005
c. Venue of real actions
d. Venue of personal actions
e. Venue of actions against non-residents
f. When the rules on venue does not apply
• Ley Construction & Development Corp v. Sedan G.R. No. 222711, 23 August 2017
• Unimasters Conglomeration Inc v. CA G.R. No. 119657, 7 February 1997
g. Effects of stipulation on venue
h. Rule 8, Sec. 12